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Immersion Study2
Immersion Study2
India is the world's third largest producer and third largest consumer of electricity. The electric
national grid in India has an installed capacity of 360.788 GW as of 31 August 2019. Renewable
power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants, constitute 34.86% of India's total
installed capacity. During the 2018-19 fiscal year, the gross electricity generated by utilities in India
was 1,372 TWh and the total electricity generation (utilities and non utilities) in the country in the
2018-19 period was 1,547 TWh. The gross electricity consumption in 2018-19 was 1,181 kWh per
capita. In 2015-16, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest
(17.89%) worldwide. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries
despite India having a low electricity tariff.
India has a surplus power generation capacity but lacks adequate distribution infrastructure. To
address this, the Government of India launched a program called "Power for All" in 2016. The
program aims to provide the necessary infrastructure to ensure uninterrupted electricity supply to all
households, industries, and commercial establishments, creating economic growth. Funding is
supplied through a collaboration between the Government of India and its constituent states.
India's electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in particular coal, which during the 2017-18
fiscal year produced about three-quarters of the country's electricity. The government is making
efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. The government's National Electricity Plan of
2018 states that the country does not need more non-renewable power plants in the utility sector until
2027, with 50,025 MW coal-based power plants under construction and 275,000 MW total renewable
power capacity installed after the retirement of nearly 48,000 MW old coal-fired plants.
History:
The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta (now Kolkata) was conducted on 24 July 1879 by
P.W. Fleury & Co. On 7 January 1897, Kilburn & Co secured the Calcutta electric lighting license as
agents of the Indian Electric Co, which was registered in London on 15 January 1897. A month later,
the company was renamed the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation. The control of the company was
transferred from London to Calcutta only in 1970. The introduction of electricity in Calcutta was a
success, and power was next introduced in Bombay (now Mumbai). The first electric lighting
demonstration in Mumbai was in 1882 at Crawford Market and the Bombay Electric Supply &
Tramways Company (BEST) set up a generating station in 1905 to provide electricity for the
tramway.
The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea estate at Sidrapong for the
Darjeeling Municipality in 1897. The first electric street light in Asia was lit on 5 August 1905 in
Bangalore. The first electric train in the country ran on the Harbour Line between Bombay's Victoria
Terminus and Kurla on 3 February 1925. On 18 August 2015, Cochin International Airport became
the world's first fully solar powered airport with the inauguration of a dedicated solar plant.
India began using grid management on a regional basis in the 1960s. Individual State grids were
interconnected to form 5 regional grids covering mainland India, the Northern, Eastern, Western,
North Eastern and Southern Grids. These regional links were established to enable transmission of
surplus electricity between states in each region. In the 1990s, the Indian government began planning
for a national grid. Regional grids were initially interconnected by asynchronous high-voltage direct
current (HVDC) back-to-back links facilitating the limited exchange of regulated power. The links
were subsequently upgraded to high capacity synchronous links.
The first interconnection of regional grids was established in October 1991 when the North Eastern
and Eastern grids were interconnected. The Western Grid was interconnected with these grids in
March 2003. The Northern grid was also interconnected in August 2006, forming a Central Grid that
was synchronously connected and operating at one frequency. The sole remaining regional grid, the
Southern Grid, was synchronously interconnected to the Central Grid on 31 December 2013 with the
commissioning of the 765 kV Raichur-Solapur transmission line, establishing the National Grid.
By the end of the calendar year 2015, despite poor hydroelectricity generation, India had become a
power surplus nation with huge power generation capacity idling for want of demand. The calendar
year 2016 started with steep falls in the international price of energy commodities such as coal, diesel
oil, naphtha, bunker fuel, and liquefied natural gas (LNG), which are used in electricity generation in
India. As a result of the global glut in petroleum products, these fuels became cheap enough to
compete with pit head coal-based power generators. Coal prices have also fallen. Low demand for
coal has led to coal stocks building up at power stations as well as coal mines. New installations of
renewable energy in India surpassed installations of fossil fuel for the first time in 2016-17.
On March 29, 2017, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) stated that for the first time India has
become a net exporter of electricity. India exported 5,798 GWh to neighbouring countries, against a
total import of 5,585 GWh.
Current situation :
▪ India is the third largest producer and third largest consumer of electricity in the world, with the
installed power capacity reaching 360.788 GW as of august 2019. The country also has the fifth
largest installed capacity in the world.
▪ India is ranked 4th in wind power, 5th in solar power and 5th in renewable power installed capacity
as of 2018.
▪ India is on path to achieve 100 per cent household electrification by March 31, 2019, as envisaged
under the Saubhagya scheme.
▪ As of March 2019, more than 26.2 million households have been electrified under Saubhagya
scheme.
▪ By 2018, a total of 25 states have achieved 100 per cent household electrification which included
23.1 million rural and 844,670 urban households. The remaining households are expected to be
electrified by March 2019.
▪ As of June 30, 2019, India has an installed renewable energy capacity of 80.47 GW. Wind energy is
estimated to contribute 60 GW, followed by solar power at 100 GW by 2022 and 15GW from
biomass and hydropower. The target for renewable energy has been increased to 175 GW by 2022.
▪ The government plans to double the share of installed electricity generation capacity of renewable
energy to 40 per cent till 2030.
▪ 100 per cent FDI is allowed under the automatic route in the power segment and renewable energy.
Sources of power with shares in total installed capacity:
▪ In August 2018, KfW a German based financial institution signed a US$ 228.15 million loan
agreement with India’s Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) to provide low interest loans
to renewable energy project developers.
→Growing demand
Expansion in industrial activity to boost demand for electricity. Growing population along with increasing
electrification and per-capita usage to provide further impetus. Power consumption is estimated to reach
1,894.7 TWh in 2022.
→Market Size
Indian power sector is undergoing a significant change that has redefined the industry outlook. Sustained
economic growth continues to drive electricity demand in India. The Government of India’s focus on
attaining ‘Power for all’ has accelerated capacity addition in the country. At the same time, the competitive
intensity is increasing at both the market and supply sides (fuel, logistics, finances, and manpower).
Total installed capacity of power stations in India stood at 360.78 Gigawatt (GW) as of August 2019.
→Investment Scenario
Between April 2000 and June 2018, the industry attracted US$ 14.18 billion in Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI), accounting for 3.64 per cent of total FDI inflows in India.
Some major investments and developments in the Indian power sector are as follows:
▪ In November 2018, Renascent Power Ventures Pte Ltd acquired 75.01 per cent stake in Prayagraj
Power Generation Company Limited (PPGCL) for US$ 854.94 million.
▪ In August 2018, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co (KKR) acquired Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited
for worth US$ 530 million.
▪ In April 2018 ReNew Power made the largest M&A deal by acquiring Ostro Energy for US$
1,668.21 million.
Major challengs:
→Transmission inefficiencies
As much as 25% of the generated power is lost in transmission in India as compared to a maximum of 5% in
other Asian countries like China and South Korea. This is mainly due to lack of state-of-the-art
infrastructure.
→Distribution inefficiencies
Power companies can sell power only to government agencies which may either themselves distribute it to
the end users or outsource the same to private players. The State Electricity Boards (SEBs) often suffer
heavily due to populist measures of the government, such as giving free/cheap electricity to farmers before
elections, and also due to non-payment of dues by government departments. Most SEBs are neck-deep in
losses. This in turn curbs their own capacity to purchase power from the generating units. It leads to a
paradoxical situation where despite their state generating surplus power, some cities/towns suffer from long
periods of power-cuts every week.
Sharp increase in the financial losses of the utilities in the recent years with four states namely i.e. Tamil
Nadu, Rajasthan, MP, Uttar Pradesh, contributing the maximum.
• Reasons like tariff not reflecting Cost of Supply and expansion in business (supply & procurement)
resulting in higher financial losses even at same AT&C % levels are the prime concerns
• Aggregate losses of Rs.63,548 Cr in FY 2010 has crossed Rs. 1,00,000 Cr in 2010-11
• 16 SERCs have revised tariffs for 2012-13, which is a positive.
• AT&C losses continue to be a major concern. Losses in states like Bihar, Jharkhand, MP are still > 40%
while other states like AP, Delhi, Punjab have reduced losses < 20%
→Cyber threats
threats to smart grid systems in the country and an “urgent” need to develop a cyber security framework to
address security needs in the country’s power sector. The Wannacry ransomware attack in May 2017 had
affected computers and systems in 150 countries, including India
“Though India in past few years has developed technical standards for evaluating cyber security/ cyber-
attacks, there is a perceived lack of security built into the smart grid systems. Further, the mechanism for
information sharing on cyber security incidents need to be developed. Given the vulnerabilities in the
operations of the power system devices, including present practices followed, developing a multiple-threat
intrusion detection system is the need of the hour,” stated the CEA’s report, titled ‘Cyber Security in Power
System’.
Cyber and physical security threats pose a significant and growing challenge to electric utilities. Unlike
traditional threats to electric grid reliability, such as extreme weather, cyber threats are less predictable and
therefore more difficult to anticipate and address. This calls for an urgent need to develop a cyber security
framework and regulatory response to address the specific security needs of the power sector in India.
Chapter 2: Introduction of companies
Adani power
Adani Power Limited is the power business subsidiary of Indian conglomerate Adani Group with head office
at Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The company is India’s largest private thermal power producer, with capacity of
12,410 MW Adani Power was ranked as the 73rd largest corporation in India in Fortune India 500 list of
2018.
The company operates five supercritical boilers of 660 MW each and 4 supercritical boilers of 330 MW each
at Mundra, Gujarat; five 660 MW units at Tiroda, Maharashtra; two 660 MW units at Kawai and two 660
MW units at Udupi. It also operates a mega solar plant of 40 MW at Naliya, Bitta, Kutch, Gujarat. It is
India’s first company to achieve the supercritical technology. The plant is the only thermal power plant in
India to be certified by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) under Clean
Development Mechanism.
The company is implementing 1,600 MW at Godda and many other plants which are at different stages of
planning. The company has gone to long term PPAs of about 9,153 MW with government of Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Punjab.
Adani Power is actively involved in CSR activities and was placed at the 95th rank among the top 100
companies listed in the Best Companies for CSR 2014 study
History:
The company was changed to Adani Power Private Limited. The RoC issued a fresh certificate of
incorporation on 3 June 2002. The Company was, thereafter, converted into a public limited company on 12
April 2007 and the name of the Company was changed to Adani Power Limited. Further, upon ceasing to be
a private limited company, the word private was deleted through a special resolution at the EGM of the
Company held on 28 March 2007. The fresh certificate of incorporation consequent to change of the name
was granted by the RoC to the Company on 12 April 2007.
Adani power was started as a power trading company 1996. It started generation in July 2009 by
implementation of its first 330MW of 4620mw at Mundra. The Mundra super mega project is the largest
coal based power project of India and fifth largest in the world. The company commissioned another three
330 MW by November 2010 and country's 1st supercritical unit of 660 MW on 22 December 2010, making
its capacity 1980 MW. 0n 6 June 2011 it synchronized its second unit of 660 MW bringing the total
generating capacity to 2640 MW and on 2 October 2011, it synchronized its third super critical unit with
national grid .With this, Adani power has become largest thermal power generating company in the private
sector and the Mundra plant has become India's Largest Power plant with capacity 3300MW. In February
2012, it commissioned the last unit of Mundra Project to take its capacity to 4,620 MW which makes the
Mundra TPP to be the largest privately held thermal power plant in the world and fifth largest on an overall
basis, as of March 2012. This plant became the third-largest thermal power plant in the world after its
completion. In 2013, the company commissioned a 40 MW solar power project in Kutch, Gujarat. This is the
largest solar power project in the country and marked the group’s entry into the renewable energy sector.
On April 3, 2014, Adani Power Ltd. announced the commissioning of the fourth unit of 660 MW at its
power plant at Tiroda in Maharashtra, thus emerging as the largest private power producer in India, with an
overall installed capacity of 9,280 MW. The fifth unit was commissioned later in 2014. Adani Power Ltd.
announced the completion of acquisition of Udupi Power Corporation Limited on May 11, 2015. With this,
Adani Power has a total commissioned capacity of 10,440 MW, making the company the largest private
power producer in India.
Vision:
To be a world class leader in businesses that enrich lives and contribute to nations in building infrastructure
through sustainable value creation.
Mission:
To assimilate knowledge, develop capabilities and manage collective enterprise to profitably
tap global business opportunities for the benefit everyone associated with Adani.
Milestones:
→In 2017, a unit of Adani Power plant created a national record by continuously operating for 600 days.
→The company has won many awards and recognitions. In 2017, Adani Power was named the Most
Innovative Young Power Professional by IPPAI (Independent Power Producers Association of India) at the
18th Regulators & Policymakers Retreat. In 2017, CSR Works International with support of British
Chamber of Commerce and High Commission of Canada, recognised Adani Power for best sustainability
reporting in Asia, in Singapore. In 2018, it bagged the Recognition for Best Environment Management
practices by Srishti Publications.
→Have been certified for all the three standards under the umbrella of IMS
QMS 9001:2008 certification
ISO 14001 Environmental management system
ISO 18001 certification for OSHAS
ISO 50001 Energy management system
Organizational structure
CEO
Power
generation
Kawai plant(coal)
Bitta plant(solar)
Tiroda plant(coal)
Udupi plant(coal)
Swot analysis:
Strengths
• Strong execution track record on the back of the huge success of Mundra Port
• The diversified nature of the Adani Group (especially its presence in ports and coal trading)
augurs well for Adani Power
• Stellar operational efficiency (FY10 average PLF was 85%+ compared with India’s national average
of 78%)
• Minimal exposure to merchant power
• Most of the equity share capital and Debt has been invested in the creation of assets which are
operational. This has led to Increasing Revenues YoY. This shows a strong Project - Execution
record
• Has a small yet effective workforce of approx 2000 employees
Weaknes
Opportunities
Threats
• Changes in International prices of coal & mining new coal mines being lengthy bureaucratic process
• Changes in International policies regarding import of coal.
• Increase in private sector power generation could lead to compressed rates of merchant power
• Reliance Power, NTPC, Tata Power
Torrent power
Torrent Power Limited is an India-based company engaged in the electricity generation, transmission and
distribution. Its current operations are in the states of Gujarat , Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. The company
is the sole distributor of electricity to consumers in the cities of Agra, Ahmedabad, Bhiwandi, Gandhinagar,
Surat.
Generation
Transmission
Torrent Power has set up a 400 kV transmission system for evacuating power generated at its SUGEN plant
to the various off take centers. The project being implemented in a phased manner is nearing completion and
is expected was functional during FY 2010-11.
Distribution
Torrent Power transmits and distributes more than 13 billion units of power to almost 3 million customers in
the cities of Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat and Bhiwandi,Agra spanning an area of 408 km2. and
franchise area of 721 km2. These cities are major industrial and commercial hubs.
The T&D losses in Gujarat at 6.54% is amongst the lowest in the country. A testimony of Torrent Power’s
operational efficiency is the drastic reduction in T&D losses in Bhiwandi from 48% in January 2007 to the
present 19.33%. T&D loss in Feb-17 approx 15℅
History
In 1997, the company completed its acquisition of the Ahmedabad Electricity Company by purchasing the
entire 28.89% stake held by the Gujarat government. This acquisition formed what was then known as
Torrent Power AEC Limited. Similarly, after acquiring the Surat Electricity Company in the same deal,
Torrent Power SEC Limited was formed.
In 2005, the parent company, Torrent Group floated the company Torrent Power Generation to further
expand into the power business. In 2006, the three power-related companies of Torrent Group, Torrent
Power AEC Ltd, Torrent Power SEC Ltd, and Torrent Power Generation Ltd were merged to form Torrent
Power.
More recently, in 2009, Torrent Power inked a deal with Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited to
franchisee to supply power to parts of Kanpur and Agra then handled by The Kanpur Electricity Supply
Company Ltd. (KESCo) and the Agra Circle of Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited (DVVNL) for
20 years.
Core values
These strong pillars, the Core Values, which Torrent believes in and constantly strives to build, are:
Integrity, Passion for Excellence, Participative Decision Making, Concern for Society & Environment,
Fairness with Care and Transparency. Each of these Timeless Values, a Pillar of Strength, ENSURES OUR
LONGEVITY.
INTEGRITY
Thoughts and actions entail doing the right thing at all times and in all circumstances; whether or not anyone
is watching. This requires inner courage and conviction, no matter what the consequences are. It is
honouring one’s commitments and being accountable for one’s actions, end-to-end.
Passion for excellence means not doing extra-ordinary things, but doing ordinary things in all pursuits
exceedingly well. Passion and excellence are forces that fuel each other on the exclusive path to leadership.
As we are what we repeatedly do, excellence then is not an act, but a habit.
An ideal organisation facilitates participation and involvement of each of its members in various decision
making processes, thus ensuring their commitment to such decisions as well as its outcome. It provides a
platform for seeking and nurturing constructive ideas from individuals, teams and units which eventually
yields exceptional results.
Concern for Society & Environment is a sense of responsibility and contribution to society that defines our
existence. It entails making a difference in the quality of lives and environment surrounding us. It is
important to encourage fellow-members on collective as well as individual basis to fulfil the responsibility of
leaving behind a world rich in flora and fauna and rich in time tested values and ideals and above all rich in
social fervour for our future generations.
Harnessing equality
Fairness and Care towards all fellow members are inextricably linked. Weaving the threads of equality,
irrespective of caste, creed, religion and gender, into the day to day fabric, ensures fairness for each and
every individual. Empathic care recognises needs and aspirations of all. Only such fairness and care
eventually lead fellow members to the dawn of eternal success.
TRANSPARENCY
Transparency implies openness. It is the opposite of secrecy. It encourages more informed decision making
and aids in creating enduring trust among all stakeholders.
Milestones
• Torrent Energy Limited and Torrent Cables Limited amalgamate with Torrent Power Limited with
effective date of 1st October, 2015 and appointed date of 1st April, 2014 pursuant to the order of the
Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat sanctioning the Composite Scheme of Amalgamation.
• Torrent Power launches first-of-its-kind user-friendly Customer Self Service mobile application
“Torrent Power Connect” and web portal “connect.torrentpower.com”, offering highly personalized
and real time services in the Company’s License Areas of Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar and Surat as
well as in the Franchisee areas of Agra & Bhiwandi has been launched.
• The Company receives “Gujarat Ratna Award” for demonstrating excellence in the power sector.
• Torrent Power books regasification and storage capacity with Petronet LNG Limited up to 1
MMTPA for 20 years starting from April, 2017.
• Successful commissioning of the 81 MW GENSU Solar Power Project adjacent to SUGEN Plant in a
cost effective manner.
• Awarding EPC contract to M/s. Suzlon Energy Limited for implementing 201.6 MW Wind Power
Project in Kutch and Bhavnagar districts in Gujarat.
• Awarding EPC contract to M/s. Wind World India Ltd. for implementing 136.8 MW Wind Power
Project in Rajkot and Surendranagar districts in Gujarat.
• DGEN Plant receives five star rating from British Safety Council on Five Star Occupational Health
and Safety System Audit
• Cables Unit receives certification under ISO 14001: 2004 and BS OHSAS 18001:2007.
Organizational structure
CEO
Strength:
Weakness:
Opportunities:
• Huge scope in the private power sector and scope to enter new markets in India
• Scope to expand its franchisee business
• Scope to enter the T&D business in other states
Threats: