Submitted by:

Sartaj Singh Sidhu

401688005
Gears are toothed members which transmit power / motion
between two shafts by meshing without any slip. Hence, gear
drives are also called positive drives. In any pair of gears, the
smaller one is called pinion and the larger one is called gear
immaterial of which is driving the other.
When pinion is the driver, it results in step down drive in which the
output speed decreases and the torque increases. On the other
hand, when the gear is the driver, it results in step up drive in
which the output speed increases and the torque decreases
 Gears are much more capable in terms of
power rating (helical gear drives capable of >
30,000 hp)
 With planetary gear sets large gear ratio’s can
be achieved (100:1)
 Gear applications include high torque and
high speeds
 Can have multiple speed reductions by
pairing different gears or gear trains (several
gears in series)
 Teeth are parallel to
the axis of the gear
 Advantages
◦ Cost
◦ Ease of manufacture
◦ Availability
 Disadvantages
◦ Only works with mating
gear
◦ Axis of each gear must
be parallel
Pressure Angle Force
perpendicular at f

Φ = 14.5˚ Φ = 20˚ Φ = 25˚

Gear tooth failure
SPUR GEAR DESIGN BASED ON BEAM STRENGTH

Figure :Gear tooth as Figure: Tooth as Parabolic beam

Cantilever

Lewis Equation
Pt= mbσbY
Pt= ᴫmbσb y
Replacing Pt , Beam Strength Sb= mbσbY
STANDARD TOOTH SYSTEMS FOR SPUR GEARS
GEAR TOOTH FAILURES

THERE ARE TWO BASIC MODES OF GEAR TOOTH FAILURE- BREAKAGE

OF THE TOOTH DUE TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS AND THE SURFACE
DESTRUCTION.

THE SURFACE DESTRUCTION OF TOOTH WEAR IS CLASSIFIED

ACCORDING TO THE BASIS OF THEIR PRIMARY CAUSES. THE PRINICIPAL
TYPES OF GEAR TOOTH WEAR ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. ABRASIVE WEAR

2. CORROSIVE WEAR

3. INITIAL PITTING

4. DESTRUCTIVE PITTING

5. SCORING
 Gear tooth wear Causes Remedies

Abrasive Foreign particles Oil filters,

wear in lubricant increase surface
scratch the hardness of gear
tooth surface tooth, use of
high viscosity
oils

Corrosive Corrosive Provide

wear elements attack complete
the tooth enclosure,
surface resulting selecting proper
in fine wear additives and
uniformly replacing the
distributed over lubricant oils at
the entire proper intervals
surface
 Gear tooth wear Causes Remedies

Initial Small pits at Precise

Pitting high spots are machinng of
created caused gears, correct
by errors in alignment so
tooth profile, that load is
surface uniformly
irregularities and distributed
misalignment across the full
face width
Destructive A surface fatigue Designing gears
pitting failure, which so that the wear
occurs when the strength of gear
load on the gear tooth is greater
tooth exceeds than sum of
the surface static and
endurance dynamic loads,
strength of increasing the
material surface hardness
 Gear tooth wear Causes Remedies

Scoring Excessive Carefully

frictional heat selecting surface
and overheating speed, surface
of the meshing pressure and
teeth, scoring is regulating flow
a stick slip of lubricant
phenomenon in
which alternate
welding and
shearing takes
place at the high
spots.