5 Transportation Modes ‘52 mvTRooucTION pectin cups we tse header sagiing esha reps oe adolescents she ah ‘Tou te of maples o tae uit one pac gem he ‘Sipe imped ire Th erg eto os ‘gira tn comping eal eg nd imesy pen pa. tan wnpraon ye ge pre poten ate comen arco in Cher se with abn! ono, avn a lige Tae Fora Syne), nc eed ds gen lt te {Frmpraoe mst Gnermnaan), os alpine econ fe pe ‘rcopaton spn Afr eaing two pte ene il ee te SSeunjeropto pane nd evn ets ne tsouetCges 7 and ‘Hose Sp inter suf Scns ed sub fe ng ot rotmin pen Clg 9,10 ‘Chun 3 ant favo be cnglony of terse. evs hes eset lg cf hws wig odd Sig vec de ses cl ‘Stetina fem is ted on ne pees ‘woe curse, aoe en ols Wsngen tty ng eons pps, hing mee tn ‘mee sats coms ic oer for ee ine (es ets ‘Sgn mmo ut i rat hs co py han a vapors ao ‘Sepimsereee lb ors oes pl twp atone ct Saint des, San eachu lie mes pose ns Pat TWensporion Satis a ing ee in a rsh, Tarspotation isonet tem naive fr sings tang rope andor gee sol wes ot se Spe at sal lng ‘hana ess an ia sip egies, Exe wag ees tf oespoation ae nape of unig he sven finer he ile ttle fs puclage may ole Sve ormore mt en see est poring! ‘A sins cpa inte met te, Al eases ton conesped 08g yo0es ‘sheep ith anon ft nc cht terest es (Fg, $21, The pee feed cae taspersos nhty sh Uniden oer anon rang nest) lots pels domes an ea wea msc walla mallpe rvaree tid ase co Ca srs deed och aa sl wi lee ages and ‘hangs The tao of dada ct wel connie oa fe ‘sedge fit te exponen es “Teal cot of ning a pray compen, ning mpi on say bokn nt edad var cnt ad Contam pen fe ‘aleve ert Soe of eupmen iin ia tuck omg ad fs et id aot ohne (pre rt oo mater mache ‘ee ei ed cs emis he Sameer of wht te ops ep wis tbe wound lc) On he ean te tae he poet i ‘hemor abr iscsi oper th, me alee praa popu he oremannnse requested war ane Theos Wh ‘pen on he dette, ae kaon tara cove Alea eed whe abla e lng (S yeast mace a expres es Uae ode te sn of a lies espn aap) ‘Theat apne of te Gedo ar el he mide ase ct laine te ited ot eerie th exe of coo See Ina tna "fen scnomies of ae rsa poo nee er ep po insert per uit Eensis of wet snes te Belo tig ste more ais ver whch pes tse il ee et roi) od ‘ewe when he vr cost sl eam 0 the fed cnt The tens af como see (E09) eased in F522, ‘Woen EOS ou een the espero oes me chagespesihy he surf nis prac’ (wasp) nets Teepe inte Fig $22 tows tine sence of EOS, wee pedacton oe mabe of wis cai’) es et er a rps 01019 $0091 data By eats EOS ws ling then te cox gl rope em $0300 30 #9 feta ‘Trmporaton cao cen epee corre rae care eel ans rats fans pet camps eg amaneictre, petda cn), 1) and ay th az ate pci conpey Fee cares wut eaeperd ‘common an contac. Cana caries sre he geen pi, eno aie, esata, Comat unin evi erie te lc ona ort sy Fortean an bese eg orexept esos gala, eedom ‘Tanapocton Nodes fou? Taneponson Systems as ssn 7 tie pest pratt hy cy The ners Commaree Common QC) seri eet te woe oon tts al te asge of eC Eco Ac 1995 ‘She apy poner een waned he tera a at DOT, 521 Motor Carers Mote cris (rskng nds const he wo abit made fight as forision The etn oay oe he mar eae fe poplay - ‘ery oft nde ig, $23. Matec veh major ans being 2 0 frie duricor web te per and tcc, Thea the oe ‘hanson na delve mae "Thecus of asin up. Tere fri and pte Foe ice bend operetta neste exch ofwicheante erat replied, eepled caries cs be cons orc seis Toe coon ‘Chron serve oul oineplir oes ma eupr pec or pec oem ‘Epentng nthe pp ofopeting cere hype oh Sno lama ies, {pci et forte sate topcatin of fetta erate ‘cnels) Exanpe its trees a Yellow PreihtConsaldid Prk ‘rym Noh Auris Lites snd ode. "Teele dct icone l tochange dance ts ICC ito Ae an the Fede Atm Asc Ac of 1954, which MENS Snes edna tanto wit repel pe oe serie. Ane ‘Se ont iyo for oon eet ns wereca media 138, niceEy “Warsperaton Medes chep.t gee 523 thas ‘Sms vat are Garters Seats mic min i doen f prio meition ficing Sous fig urate asin nec cecnce) ME oan we ogy hap come ing sn, psn they many hose poe ae i odie’ gc el tee eas hey ae eich achasameedie ice. mpeg og mos aes ‘ne mom de nd cone! oe ny ae te snaebn 2 ees memes Tr even alien ee say aan a i i Lines name weg pl aap ey ath viral paca hy hoe aka ase Feros cin dated arta my es fer ‘prs rs pt 0m dr ne gh occ eee ‘eye aap cs. Ai aang ele se ‘ny ey. ns soe net epost le ehoke pod pots dcenequp Rec eepfo ches wih let mat ocr camber eee ere gs ak spe in end des sprcon yu ie aps ‘tenant peste fa eta aap Thin hry il mnagene, oe ln ight con ve. tl msmenns sees feces eset cn of eins ny a ec apn, ‘seashore nei eatin scoped els geen isa pea) lw es cpm ‘oly rune aon fre pce les pars cs eee empty abeg een ye ge rot ou ss eases (6200 in 13h hs eye ft ae cao ‘tty ay sow taeda ak aces eu be Sesto ‘oud and highway inrastuctee, i provided bythe public secice. Mtoe carers ate sub> ‘toe santero ta on2_Vaeporain Systems m se oe bl forte mnie ep ofa te has coamenite ‘Stihe danagecaed pent and bie A TRB (aasporaton Recah Bad) ‘epson te ton aby tal, forex 8 ons, ‘oul tie he wir eer by oy sfc of 16°82} Te sane repo pesies Tova 1978, 882 of pene Wea ot ul terse wt do costo rocks thie roe se 10 yea ate istic od wovn 0 92.78%, Cerin curses notre options petal eck ndings tei sls and prof eulpnen, estes. Two comes tocol whee ‘cling (L) an ethatcoad(LTL) nT ce pent rtf oe shiek (reaps ll cig cacy, wher i LT ear sal pens we consid 12 the mets cau ea teal ral shpmens picked po be a unl he tc iat echo fen stipend teach ety. Ale emp oskanls treet uzomnon Dats manages dogs ciate ine minnie bo of ‘sentient et fain. "Tema es femal fia he vee of eight by tuk: on olan weil wee tipster tl fo ‘Gelder etal, where are spent ae rind fo Estos ‘S50 ey emi weaves rele te tet en thealowing = {ralepltn (2D FR SETS Jl 25,1985 wich ees a ers db xt efor hath ours iin mse {ivan peda vgn oy Show ong cotter day, 2h pdf ring or a 7 exc sift Syne ca st opi cri meee 2p pd ering tenon dt 7 hm na eso ese ye ‘Fh mon cer pre comme ate ees ee yo ‘avis carp spice an bie ong a nla. The cargo ee cn be congue st yal eles enon) epn oats kegs oi, ‘Ser ental confgrton, The peel Wile for vais om a eu 90 ‘atk 1s 1S og oi eats (D003 meng). Abn of ses pert tecpeon tls conyeed of atacand ret onbinson, eros of ‘lehae ced anaenl sich agg. Spel ec niles cass (toe cxcstng 3600 reached 0k 192,105 nes fran 9 ee, 522 Reiroads ue Used St riod (aot caren) eos ome cis Te ae ‘han prt aoa ool ene ey pasenge lox Amin Ci pe ‘owt his ioe by te eden pversnent Ama a5 oadin 197 ih cso aling sg ees frend opens This feo een gh ‘Ba Ama wl a commitr aol, nd lap i ering an as ‘ee pseu in Seton 33.ne Tenspateton Noses chaps ‘aut 185 setdenens nl eeopmens ine Uni Stats cen most sg ows watery repos (A competes staal kein of loa pe sete in Ssctn 723) Ral re espn fe opening the Sarorn wey ate Stes. Ras reached tel glen em Bewen 1850 an 88, Sc a Inne rperenced cosine dst, Te wee 18 major alone sn 198031 {in 1986 anon 1 01985 ig. 3.2. rend wa evs fre oleh fl ie, dine tor 38,00 kn in 199 265 0 an 182 shows 200000 in 198. The ato nds, hove sl pas le he "ows tnsportion spl In 1985 ssn fr 20% of th wa ners gt rad abet others eee, Based a 98 nal ene ee Ines oa inthe Une Ss wee Nort Souteni Sms, SX, Bain None, ain Pati dl Cont ‘The ala fotsty seme al fe compu ses ofthe Une Sates but ida ond compas eve spe eon ral shies tea song ost sechnge poss. T sev charter ens cee ents as wells deli eles 197 Unina Pc and Sota e mene am oot alia ‘The ae romp cone até caying cpa af boas he kes ‘huperethe jor aonagesaf late Anathershonges tla sse ‘Seay licen nd erie te enon ine erty sel end ols ‘id per rm ca compu wih mer nis. re eS ‘eosgr ge nna weigh ow aloe canmmty ath col of ed ‘emi ods, plp sd paper panty fr rot and mate oder ‘chases mathe, ats sn epsom The vege al 995m DS ns “pes of rl ned boxers fr pst cme, lar is a 2, ope orb tri, and fear. Fats ae oe or be espera of ‘ole (COFC: cone en su) sd tae (TOAC: ae on Mth COPC, inFig.525, ant TOPCs hae iced tron ewe als nd mtr ‘esto provide tern anspeaton Rare na oe thee a ck Bove span dlr see beach cert loaders The us oneshp ofa sed ight vay ROW) prea sre consi armen doa acd TaneportionSyetome Ey gt S25. Caen oe ‘pdonsencineie est esha eerie eo ‘tng te ot mie Ta cee i ees ah oonan aeRO, shag ego nave ging ascents {nt sige ie, ed iS (gates es eu maser. Wee ‘Sir ey. ome pea pees {eden ym ey Comey bana OS peo "Fong fn nox fs Steele een soi at tne th eat rots 88 were ees 1 158 Al ‘sooo nonporous onc mrp of ct ‘raktiy md srbcn Ge hg e i era pe of aa whore se elo gyal sme ear ie tap {apy ence ce chi nt opete 3). 523 Ppatines pln mally an undergo frm of ratspton. Thay aie eer, {he hen pens of te telgttanspatog ius (3g. 5.20) Ths eae eles oe bth ey uaaow oe genera lta aso ae ae a he Fertig ae Ge, 163% of eta train 1995, bt ely 3a espe ‘We eee. pie Baca mas hrc: Thy np ry nie ey of xem ana ei far ait opi ce lve ee-may nspoaton ely. Pipeline cmpondons ae sy fre camoon cae, boagh ere ae a few paces They operat hough a woe of wun De20 “anspriaon odes Chap § ant ong bi a bing ole ace ties es, Tra nes eld ‘essa ethring es roe sl he sae “yi poact caro pps aa as, ee ol, eam pds, ‘iui ced pots ol ery red nied ihe) The ave ‘peony 71 only arnt 50 fal (1 Ba eg 160s rogers en aprtareltss Pee rs exten fr ‘mpl oI on el of clone er Tas New Ye 8 erese ‘hand pri) Only ce pera mh aes chara ys "Thoumber of pipe compan isis rely becuse Denigheapileoo rege for etait Test osc te puss ees anc tino he pilin) and pin rons acon infers al esis Cote oer han varlecoss hich ade my ir station end naan ley low a ext, te Tanalasan Pele, welch anon he fe feealy ome and ope iti, vn ul ete 174 and B77 a8 ‘ing $i, es ede feo 0 s scent peat (3). "Te tgh sed sd om vue coe ea in tong EOS. Pari ieee itn nd consi an tat wi ge nl Eres at wss Wl Eiger uot, prt tees of B08 and ply eof nha perfomance cue ter (eam pipe operaing apc sons testis he ig eps tye 2Dem pe (51). pil wake dane 75 ‘sa ot fevers yas ema over a dane fab ele ‘ens of mr Pato he ae rte low Sed ot th ie at per in ‘Ghepsexersion) erp nace (rterays por) on Ofte pe is a ng lage amen of comedies spl spn met in nc and eral oe sce By conta te fed coos ef deepsea epee are manly te oop wind wats pans song eos skp zane ble Desc wae evr ope ws aa fe iets ‘nes mad with ples ore ship! fe ceo, The i of era toa wee cae ely asa ine est by eae bes ll omaip ‘enferene: This mange nes competion bates by wi pets he a2 Waneroraen Sysame ae tung cures fel Mba es, Thies) re ly me a ih thse (WMD an ht span ort bandon ee beeen ei oe (8000) sedan (12m DE) ‘Des bse ne borer ay regent, spn sg inc sie tt rvce oes ad econo powers Cyan ibe nd Faeau te eles oostevo fos of emote. (Gyan stepper ena ony we ae wire taal end lng acy ins Rome cy Canaan at edarzn of Yor operons zed deck ia feng et calcfagasp'scup fon Beasley 525 Alr Canons cl eee! i ie wet de of wna (ig 5:25) and bs bees (pray sei snes he rs commercia igh. Th prevous eaten otis bok eo ‘ged ar“Te wacewie expec postnatal om 190901585 wba gh [85% freon [58] Tres war cose sea 1380081857 poms fe wee Gf rd 65 eps’ Par he it cate ne et Et cea Fell Avaor Aisne: FAA) ped a ma goth ef bot 42 (5S), ‘shee incest Auli end Besng Commas Alea pst {soul pow fo kara 3% Tema expsmen et grows te spe ard Consens oie bya mel an he expen of glob Dann 2 ari Te Fa eins tno 1830e tot 60% oe populon he Usd Ses ‘ed wiieStinof ow of he 28 apr pat. “Teeszcuse of tans sale Airis re te poe or foie Te cones US, feo SD sea ye rf Ex ety and geen ‘ton fs exantI7IOM sirah Forze earar ae clad sx ba ‘ata rth gp ef mve ey ree, ies eerie by anal ees the yen eestor, nonaldrepnals The 157 mars wee ted Splabelaly) Ales, Anca West, Amen, Content Deo, Norte, Sot ‘es TWA, Uae US Als Fes, nd US, tae ns bing eer ce Jp of eve cde cro oy whch fen psenger sie oe a ‘Sms hich fe pene trv ba nbd eae cht ich ‘herp cteae ee tegen in contact ed neato The sain ofon “arsporaton toc cups ication rues ues was snag exes sd ine fie ngs neti bt governs nd ace “The alvanges of is mode af tilt spore, ee sevice (ext ander eter poe wear cron) al ateon ctte(- ‘Nghe adenine). Lined Geary of gh cgay rettons er sei ol ie dshntgs, Lang el ines nd Eom he ‘hh anally cad ath ube ssa wel eng wal is (x, shoot elgg, gee ca lee ie veal vein ‘Aires growing est ws, at 610 allo rn 1970 and 120, ios in 1985 1885s eon the Used Sse ssn ory, ‘ol ones tia tt fo2 38% of epee eens The erie gs ul was primal 200 k,n 1996 he tp ve ea cane (ise by Het e ‘rte, FTIR, Fed Lars, UPS Alans, and Ken Aced 29% fhe wedvie FIR. “Aavatges of er cago inclade he moth ie leg with te anton ede sethantes, wees thigh et ante ied cpap ae drag Jngeel ght, emeny tod bw weight arse is sees Sich lense mula acs, pcg eae ars and es pos devisees ssh flowers nod serpin, mata cop, ed ena ‘zi Ailes sonra oer ces ta povie doesn, “These ny isch low oe ang aablecots, Fed oss ‘incu hese sand iene te, conper eration yen (CRS), ‘tage lpi pot sates, ete an ae ge ling fics el at ‘es in cies, evel of hse, iin ra, yb eed oso esd ‘iais them ean ste Vaabie cot ang cece he ‘se feel ts ose fies ear ft, roa cs ne i ‘fcc ibe adil ech combo act fr Sof he ee [5 10) manne an consol get, ‘Tene EOS ine fom of eta seu; is us eit on ass fcr pe sen ao kaon ASK or nat eee pele ae flea wh aves lave oper ASK ean hr oii goed lattes eng dando fOr seds Tale $2 pete scted chest oe ow vit sd eons et aca of 158. An eng cots te ‘mbes or wel he be fet perc) ry wl etines et eet gyizadrang configu, lpr aks proving age ba ee ie {HALE S21 Senecio Ast Mow Fall awe oe SOS is ¢ 2 2 = isa EP Paes Ses ce ts Ee SSE aa? Tensperttion Sytams 2 ra) Tes hese wn ieee pe MTOW bmn Sen ig set otto sn fe emg peng po ta sattgein Alpenpeon one cts ah ig Sroaec otoconia sei a by {ssi rl nto ne ges ti pot, Aree faring oi ap on lg ptr ely pin cps pr daring a geet ie, eee get teers adn fg. arc 0 smocng ted yo 0, cnr co nag Steno ge eb ee TESTS fi it apse options for ng oe pee Thee loan of fg lw ages ar gen ry fescue cate ores ys tee re of open opm “he ite ts tf of pre (te cg ihe ment cb mo pr lara ae fre) fee hes ech betes apo opin at pte gene, er {Scheme verte ppl cs ote Coe ope) i cng Steps aie! nig) ing phous ns toes i ena ter aged porno ir aly ue eg ee ‘Seva forme ace re “ime in oon compton ang tines othe aston of gh oe shes (ape siderite inn ater Bp “et wel pases tough pking A coat of ort iordiy uel ote manda fie ecco nal ce do formes Tt soe oso mae rcs dy ie Depo eo IMRT One aon Cee Accom Oe (OAD, wa Neuve bac ote US hag) cited tat 95 fared nee Soar vih afer wee O11 lwee “he Sop fi oem eninge by nein Ara 7 8 pun ga magento 6, aon oe a pe wg ‘hrs pig aon he os ay f peri en wee ‘Gece sl otpleesay fee fe wt ae ence ola), Te ee {Srouped fy svl rico wich ned ia hen seesve ts ‘Sem tidy le pc pry bate tn ina, ot ier prog infest ops Mee ca eae be Se (edo Sul cb ply partidos. tv he ena ‘Secrest tise he tel ony ig hey ope he “rp of tng come sp ers ca ne of paar ber ‘Maal Deca sh ote We dpa a pe nwo 2:10, tence cen neces pe chs Al Cg wD {eles vn A alten re en ‘Sot The quem mu phoreely De tering nny Aneta dna “Reema prescott pr nd sec lp Te ol td ce el oe wg wea Hg Te be nos coop eee etl fe on oder petrast napa tse 2 to besos, oh ons of ea sls en exp, ws qa [Batons Ea see pet of sua. ol he eee and sera of em.* Feeney 169 site ins 200 ly figs cig eit gabe Tised wih 35 cicaftof15tue ype peed by 2780 ig cow oxi em gh een) andes by 2900 egneig sa Seed ira a Saree sia nn hs of ein rei on ans. “Assad ta een fie oman af gl eioces ang es ering codsstring.gtesog and cota winding In 158 The Exons pas ante wu 21 eral sue wero jc elas There ch sce, he Sur Alene essing of rie Lihnse- Th SAS-ir Coes Vig ‘SA sins ay 35.25 a he fms peng kone (RPA) cari by sites io 950 (13), The teed posed ate xenon nd eel esi 2 {qspmect ue fhe ilies ose lle ervnece fa ewe Cie a ‘heel ct lloees ay se ipetion fe pce es For eco in 138 te “Newson igh CendiJAL-US AwmyeCons ile einer consid 1 of ‘evens tall been London andthe eae Aree conte "Tag he FAA hfe gover pres con f omy ty and fig epetns wit adne tone er ee orc (ATC) ies pack ‘Deez atl wens seaaycoamei aaa ocequiped wt te oil ov ows sont tiie en whe ey. Vial iene of eightrng ‘esheets ele. OnlyATCaoperts the ity © home ed gra aie, be ey en orn ta perio cost ‘SEs Clon he age velunes of psages aid aya te aso ou oon oe sidem i ae ft ATC ptm a be ut npr sa eaters naruto tana ATC coals th GPS sl Fe Flph ner, ‘es eda a Sten 3.3. As age hs ric ntl ie Fr ih lg lpr eit roils fr psn. Tey provide comets betes i sa an mos ‘abe rma eager ag eyo ovens estenote veils [Fe 521) pofomns int ofa chs pseage, gage ane care. (el fing iepeton an meas, cin cesing an pL else, ‘Pes pace (og hello Me” ca) seu, a 60 526 Express Package Cerirs rpc pkgs cai ee eal # fra of pray own a rad al ‘ee, rlcksaethe eral posic isso US. Pes Of, Welesewn Us. expen pkgs cae Fees vil frown os Flr] Eres) Used Pace Sos (UPS, anti Tos arta eri foward ase {aed 196o Hanlin La fora ght spt Cale {asi Tose cour es ello nile competion epuned benedict ey 190s into ort nd terol utes Tas wth sage eo epee, Fieny and ably of eve pol (5.213, Some pres pslags aes Tease te frond (og Ped DEL) esp ws cores lig crisuagpiat ermine mars“Tareponaton Wa owns owe $211 Cental ed i on ‘foment ester rsetigarae Foeecien {ip te mc, UP), Theo od iio he ac or prog ea lve ced ter of tans thoes wd ae ‘eo: tnsparalon seve or psages upto 25 “Te epeipmet win by ener lca lag wer of sig teil, {kay ena ae ed isp ee te pestapet oes soe ot een nth ey ae ped i aaa fore lorg he The inupewion ef anced esis ad pcg cig feet Pun Trraporson Syms ae tern acl of shaper yh coguy bt ali by he sera i ester ‘npn ercomgee, "Tn 1998 US spe nw an ve he sun feces hipped a gla al Ava 1958 romp, 589 gt resent), UPS eed 200 (Bi cons yng fat of £700 (11600 es ves sn 197 (Le ‘ft Brtheore, 39000 23800) employes mange aso vale 31 24) cepts 514 UPS nthe eed, xe lag cers ply cg ihr ats cpr with US. Pet ‘os sl svc (och 1905 Was fel ssn) Ti ped ‘Si homever is mae the te at nd nt ele ods fo sping tases occ nd pre IWTEROITY PASSENGER TRAVEL, 15.1 Msjor Modes -Tebaipuposs gern intr psuengertopoeton sre basse cto, esa aon (ey vi ly ed mal emerge) Tel nodes te aloe are ins tle nce vel a Sled iis, cht gt ou gps) or ae raf Teles, od nese eve c= eas a oie, peta al asic opi ed Fetocng seve hace and enn wel oh exelent oy fie snd compen trl tampon mas “el by bs feo ty to pal ovaed as peel maton ees, ‘yh sed Timnys td sea ena pes, Hes sporti fs fhe mos ‘ene poppe soveage: mit es witha ppseiono 000er mare eed Tal svc pl by Amin aloe see is teecng he to ras Teme es ied cir ee ten Bon sn Wisp Duh ‘Siac te sof NewYork an Psp Bete Boece sip DC, ad {hsageNow ek Cay tn operon upped aspects eee Oar 30 ‘Crs on pasengr ces ine sino pop ar vcore a ste 198 Chute sip oral types of nase. Pee rue elon te ‘Cre Ma th conte nds fhe Modtenanry Sexton Mids, ‘dt cout of Alin nd Bish Club "hemor (pete creomany ex) he wos ey able tne Ths modes aang th soe fr longue wig, Pr of be esa se Le oleate tel by ae ovale af is oeas wel se ees rcp of sos Prope tend orasga to peekt coe ch teal 2d ung aol gvr ber inp con, hasan, aster, tel fon (33) On herd gh linn de ver eos per” -onofind chetantieny Sbrcristers toasts ni bw oc aap eet et kaos EDR ud Seer se no eo Sepa0 ‘orapocaton Messe chap 8 532 Chokes of Mode sepa aeearnpcpeee aoe ge ae eer tnt agement ae ene gurantee gpernctte czech cnseaetiymcamianaort Steams eee ote Setocenvit eecvaeaneara Siiecragan ean deetianr ae ‘Howat Chcgy rnp ae was ween S10 a $450 dpeilg ome Shoutacscanatieian etme Scieagueatecene nen wn ae peeteree naeaamnseene See eee eee aya cergmanae nna aoe Sena epee emartemeraee =n aa ee se iegconceeteeacneen tee Seat tere seeheapieocaacrncureamreegerm eee Sohne cma samc ee eg eeecaeeeeee ene Scctgaietancalsngameunenereren vee iaat naam tiemscina mainte ie terdan iene oan mir imarmmunena toners minis ah Setemaeeiceana. fea? Teespennton Syms Gites. Sarita Py & # eet ol ony le hot 1 ng (tisha bu, wrens te on ine y ars bot 22 ong. These ie eines vay iy ep ign ands exon sprit sytem congestion ere wear and pumentconon rina siz fene tao ot sora expe om ‘er thara hp erinl osc by ail hu he east tom go ‘Subse urdu), Codering he doer ime s,s a 2 {tal oles may ofa comptive vce Ti 3 comparc foarte oes of ite tsportion. The bag ‘vag nin eles wr sou 1D fr ssnger en, 23 an rege ‘HL00 kh rh span lesan len erin iste nd 8D Tessa ea Zar sctst nd wat ies were sumed an ad ‘soto: is mode ba mos ie ly sable Access a wit ties eg Tin} asans25 bere seme xu tighspeeda al aware eects. (Noe te alot he conssponing ya erp) “Ato ils fest en fr tp wp about 200s ls 0s cope for dimes atwetn 20a 0 ed are te aes oa ps ‘ending 60 fm Regular al ns so) re mt conse or a i ‘Sew eagetiomnimunte ine Thee ppsiaaonarsopper ye ind ths of he 1993 Ameen Teel Sey contre by he Buren of rset ‘Sess (BTSs shownin ale nts tee shes a yp hari Tey yao ap to 10% besa sf charereioa tus a shy ave na teen ininded i eae ABS be tp Dten dy Lng an Nos TRmings niin nue Cement Sem eeeee ae? Sent Sime) vom) oa 2 rd aTanepouion Modes chap 6 istasce a cA cn amma pede Defer nun tg sha kr ste ese, Fovek1 Dred minecnpbt hres ‘Thesnme sare of BLO US, lle at + The vege ies oxy tip gt eee yo-yo 0 ix rs, 8 + Aer sas: * meee car 57 a he it of ign nd 138% ae pot of en 5. ate point of arian 1.6 athe poi of etn + Timcusine oe she: 595 a te pin nestle: 9% te it rigid 16 the ia “Soni 136 epi rs L7G aan ** People aged 25 to 64 mide two-thirds ofthe tips, 3 ret ‘Transporation Syston = + People witha cope degre mde 426 oft tps, wares pole wot aigh ‘stl Sona only ae is, «lose nl of eps were mae by prope Hoes wt eos So. ochiherin 185 + Aout on-i oft psaccaredin th 3 mots a to Septet, 1582 Emerging nary Modes ves ial tomapotson reget cae inthe fam of highspe ins ‘le lrenting 00k ae ed eran sper Angora ‘Ho ono ie pneran sal subarea cage tein fo [Now forto Tuo in san 4h Tos the ser oeve of unset ne Devon holo susan erat of vel a Greg ih eng [penl, Adon ebjesnes athe eucn oil coosmptn plan, sd no. Tigpee ale dnd 2 pneger i arpersionsvice wit grtig| gehen 20 kh ighapsd al tant in 08 nopen (Shikanen eB {Shy sa ms flled in KS by Frans TN (or Tin rand Vs, Ams Net ped 20a esl 185, In BU Le She for el 2 ‘Baws ke pasenger ete nmr te Chanel he ontel vere ane etme Cel Kor nd) Te oiled ae neta Lon Paro Sh snd au ae al tebe tet cs. ‘Ds, Congest 19 ntl Slate TrmpatonEfery At (STEA) eed tbe comely sya» ised gond anspor SCD. ‘cpu oy de lvl fl eiology wer assed nn mur of is Teed de sees efit psf cores Cabri, Tas, Pos he Nest eho ede Aeon bik ae ctl rhe etal para of ‘Sing nro, New HOR, whee tel advances neal ‘herleeseelechosbgy (nh thet enson of tks sd he TON, Mester) ‘ae bivian f "gpet ean” is extent Gaton sgn coshion Sapconcng mages inte eh isu cols ed on te ese, Magneto on he erie plane ite the 3m fhe give. Lat ‘eligi apenas orbrtl pane else a bu the ides. fteryeeing Joa Longa maga ton ad ple ger ‘ard and acd pasion (518) adampes thse tens reo ee oxmuon a eee, asl nes persion iil wee ante de {oie ets penton Gena nd pasion eprint wh ‘twee ga eto tints ces cori i echo se {Wo sons mara a igletsonedy sem (ig 3.32), Uton nt swell ‘Snes cing pede nen of 00a hae eradrvens evi. ‘Start tghoped rin tampon tte ae edo eth rete a fly apple oer ah eng ne Bae bay epee meconss seh contre nar, selie geocaon, dso, The fot ite t-te etsog ommend yt Eopens aft ana eng omer Altes Inde ede 20 sd aes) Te ecto eis ‘est siglo onmand nes aaj cogo tes ap les,Terapocalon Mages Coane o$32_ sup fone ‘asa icons) bes nomena lt motes he conics ecb opring levee masa Secs 58} Mle obo compte Inget ying contin od pil oman se spt Gp ack owas Pteiaycvoous dpe. Fever inponed techno) eg Seca te roa he sic whereas isons, std eosmpion tine one Fer suse of emote mais ute edie st wei, Ale Sewaps coment tac maa moe eset safe ances a {ete coicnent ‘The oi aviation dance is Fee Fgh fice Fights precede by x all- ‘eae ppc ele igh 200. ig 200 and Fre ight acne ce ons ofthe Nana apace Sym (WAS) managed by be FAA Fe Pgh peat ‘ser (eps of commer ad rate ef) ely o pn and te pe, {ened oe wth indore ihe ATC Tis asd te "alesis according bch st fll mvc sesh pled ATC, The Fight 2000 pets seeded nbn 2001 tiers ratios ve ‘Gz commncaons, tomas slic and Woolen, wear peste nos fo sli, stance ent spas, a maied ATC a igh sng foe ies Fs Figt sce ashe cans fr uate cy, sen. nl fo ok Weakrsis, Fee igh avhsscue resected tare atl vate sae -Aouh Fie Fight can augment he ety fr ces cngetn vl ‘tbe sigur improved In spas toss age srs (eg Chas ('tare Fet)hve bane alge ava af, we reed llores Foss, Sone lets cold cme fom thet ar shnlgy er ali Shor ui site The advactae of tte st they et eo ‘20nd vertaly(VFOL) ths sige ing sos dtp ft son eu repr pups (a the engine a nerd propel pop gad sly ts othe veal usin ahleopert te beset ston ote vng |mopeer awa. The ality veson (22 Ope) of Bou bl ite ah ‘Solr the oncom ene. fs the wl of money ind 8 he cpl fe sf he goods an sees fiom echangd. Ths fev th nab of aay ‘eel ened oben lm wee ses heaton coakd ‘doc cit nts nthe pee of hat Hema comer» ere inthe ‘sco nety wit A major dy sited ih his fin fate ae of ‘ney in th fc th oes ofthe rid gods an eves xt ae aly ‘Schngein rete dt al baer may. The es ome may been the ‘fener of heroes orang, Tes ps changes are (Std by many esodion, ending changes nthe gees demand, ehcp sug tein meetin ore oe rotacton tla gen teal of eso ates of dan) teh pletion, ew coo (Sevealstoge tet sch mv. To complet mater ply of ey n he matey a sl fr cs Een hugh ie ies indi rdsPar 4 SupporingElaments 0 nt src vary exile gonad bio of pes may. nee, te sud see inden. The ost wel known fis nas he cosine render CP, wih compe by te US. Bua of Lae Sse cape the ise chines os emi fp al hep aly amides eens When [i gna pel sn an peng. enon) aid Wepre pee finn ‘Wien pc afi te eon dilaionary ped The va of money 38 ed is yds wih poke iaistn ad ees wit pie eatin People an ims excaage gosh vcs eer mains be etn i aig hy ee he Forel, me heap money (an ey othr {eds see ops sere ployee a eed ts of con forte pon of dang poston te sae fhe gon ad sev ey pdb Excange posible case ey a nas ed ber eon ens ach ‘ote ensteing xen iste Poh ere tx excange pie ap pmaing they some dx sreing thy conse ore dsl Sc ase of ‘sue, money snd te oppor qe cbse and plus ott wi de chaser sary al coe, ning th ably Ss nae ans st wl. Asana ator of odio, cies bai ea pets an is ening pone vey eect ne ne alo once Sly ‘i lr nd ot pet inthe se a2 dle in ad ome Fee ‘hse inde te ie set lr wld einen by th ea clean ‘hemeutne Eeooni ais vig boo andend tog ata release ‘te varus pr-mlingoppruies ty we to parse Type Deedes ised wit est eee roma boro fr tao ie er ey, ‘eres th broiling fo an pene path rane me sme it ‘hr wel pin forts borer sic praia ts cit of eing te ee. 122 INTEREST AND DISCOUNT ‘The prea padres othe we frame iknow ert Te te a wih ‘nt scones ee neat ro gute sh prongs ge ener ‘ane peo erent peri Ta te sees elas ase ae sea nin sequal um at some fred The raat eas asa of ey ato fate at gual pee iknow athe acre "Theale of mon ir ae by piss nati Conny the inet hates ee noe are wllng pay alee ty (1) a expe ‘lag pote vena oh pe ee Lee purchasing power ote] (Gh died er ot. he an power fms) Asics 6 ‘i. gnig nin fasta te eadestanng of te si coneps coved by ‘set inlay hem trend reer roc ot pre ie ‘cnt foreleg ei fe pine tae e758 28 = 58) Me psy eit (na te eon cut a) OE pee 0 ements féngneningEoonomy Chap 12 ‘estes brows 10,0 apes py ek 1020 ate ent math Cl Sie Teast ean Test nah ER -omeras perma Dicunon Te inte a a pe ft The pret fifi eda ia ch er mt ce en et ‘wd pecan welt ane gah tn mse oe nthe com ied i is umn ra SOL else Fe (Sint psn eae S10 By to, be dee Fe (eam 123, Benge? ‘imme parca rte st yr BD Sor ictbe dna echt tome = Solin Te een ($10 decom by $8262. The dco te wi cue Ti ae actin my Be vine a Slo The ines pa of ‘ha SIvPLE AND ComPOUND IvTEREST Inthe preceding to examples tein ver wich nos was camel 2, {moat sd yen espesaly eine wih eee pes or wa he et an he coat ree ier acd rq Tis doer ot alas edn Be ce. ‘Tetra fine eee te pest sed te use can be ong a Single inet td ih cse te present sum cones tees a tigate at Sle Inrestefest te case wrth ces fthe onl someon ae ate of aches ped In thes of compo eet uh ie gil su pi ‘ad sd tener eared a net ring abequn eros The ‘cae tetwec he ented et ed Cong eo lent pon Soon Teena tie aesFen Supporting Elements sn = eee ee ES poets =e ee ene ee eee eins ESTE ee : Dieuike Poabetornepenee san lout ier ‘many emp epee erent ee tebe reteset ae ha i pee themtetrssnhnunratnet eh ale eieconebes ete ‘Sit Te ae eh en Pebeced Pe si an (ethene aby reratie wap ete oun tees, whe it pee por iy 100 ‘erm ming he ingle sm Pin. 1232 nf se wel ets ani owns ram open ocr ee dene pes sousing Pad FUCA Slag 1232 ls ie 39 sole ce at ica a fm Fiat am iow gc promt nat fr F.C uae 24 meson ined atom mee eC Sato Fe = S406, 0s» 2.651232 yt = siooent + 0 = tonens99 = $5608 Tess conpmamant eri, owe ante Engineering Economy Chap. 12 [NOMINAL AND EFFECTIVE INTEREST RATES. req ist ese pce onthe bt of pv (slay) wh cae nding eons oe fey he the Sie peos- By comeing Fie nomal tie elo he prof he esa pe ‘pee ne eu of net path ciel ped Fr expe arom {hol of 12% compounded somianeally mest he ners me 56 pe ‘Sonnet pc Say, anual ieee of 12% congunie mony ‘npes on inet eo 1 per oth Te fling exam bows he fete Ice naira i nest besa ees ened a Deed (hn pet abequny owed oe ners wel angles Cepteteepf 28000 9 nein int 9 pe yareomemin qe a) 8 pry sopene nly Freche, ‘caste ede cme! ere Sabin Fort else uty mii pr quer AS ea pds que Ten ag 0 en 012205 sigma + 0am = s1a85907 ‘hwo et mente F a par oa Tse asse(ey a iefegfiea? way (i Foyt 1 one a $2026 peyer ‘ules B24 ple ofp ee Wi = ‘ner pnp, ele ami fo (L004) —1 00816 81s ery igi eine sm a cad Sea ei P= sos = super + 00m?» sLasnaus ese wouthit wing nets ea ines a orem pin ol es ets ys so a nae DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING In the foesing examples compounding was considered to osu wi ae ners psn ar sya ona quiere yx, abt and fo, This aldPans Suporing Bananite se ste ompondng beeen pil tie cd fac ree ices pod ‘Connur comping erect ingest wen thes ped pect iene at amir cess compounding eels erst ‘se wold be the Hof ny 1241 mabe of inst pros peaches Ini atte be ete error contac compan sel (2 0 ‘ow sth bse of ar gts. Asoting oy 242. not compost tina ene se pe sped ol te rorstp bower ig sas epee peas rere (ay perem (aaa, ‘Thea Pin 15. rhre a eset compound outer (CAPs and he mip of Fin, 1232. ised be sgn prsevora ctr ENT both wcnimaesSompusdvg The bss the na lees ps ped, Bane ‘Sel 125 hee oti comping, Son The oie 8 Kee frye pra beten Pand F PP w 81825, ‘este ana nes rips ge WP pry Dison Fete oa ies he main of Finesse eof oping epee The mon ces Wm ses ey. ‘huh woes competent 12s castrows. ‘Up otis point the cso of one oan was rectal he eae 80 ‘hl sut rpm srt yin iter Tae eer se of cahflow sh ticone fates Fig. fon ecouneed nd ie eset singles often maybe rie Tis task ean be scoped sang eagle arate Ha ech dp payet ne ash Dow wing ore ‘sigs rte nore erpoun on fs allows maSgcarne-ae S sewersj-H (as) ae amar fEginseingEzonemy Chap. 12 “The fat sed fhe fc wch ie eigetd by he nei ee cine ie peptone congovodg fh nina area pe pened erconus ompending. Note at oe gl pent users ide [reise oe Et sutton ah ft a wen = (k=) = Cees at ‘Sng pmen inn Theo ab sie em ete, When thy se fy te cleeace bees exits tl yen ich Hie he es Bow is tered ehh ner eh fo Wamp? ‘Gongs orate gsm eens (Dhl ot oa nd es Ato oe compo Pt res Stns ren cho pen 1261 Tela pt be Sle tsaes oe incon ote gerbe = if aeaaa dae a a tag ase ep Ne A sa 8 sei) ms mim ma tw se ae ‘ae soon at) aye bain apiogB.126 wih = Hove ae iene ce nus ean te each Bo a ede "tnd pate of er peo pete ha he sith The inlcude et ongoing ihn ees ae = O10 8d 5, (onss0mn55) = e886 Sits he ein yea ine renege By 21 with =0 ‘Nema Hetweatuedy daoing esp ete ‘coma soe orp eu ier oof ela wot oe ‘rome tiple go = (umns6iasety = $984 y= wens ~ 50.54 cum Texans et indi compenchwcane and put ad no nei! yep Ca ube te tone nia oes Septem in () te app ‘Sieben ee pen a fre eco ee tne ieee Se ‘Srp dconean amt fe Ego ems ee ‘Sitemap ete to oye se lca acter cece Cosco comand axes enon compen ‘Socjndag ecmtaecangestig mabe.127 EQUAL SERIES OF PAYMENTS Amps sho rofl aso eu payments as shown in Fi 127.10 The Ti wd las pets sca the end f te Bt a at pers, respectively. The Singita at ter time reo, begining of te fet ev sce ag 12710) te eo of ht ed maybe dese (Fig 1271). omneyasingle tn tbe fhe isp othe of th as psod fy tecoree the queen si fee payment P1271), Rar vig cap fy 126 ee tie uch cameron ee fot egal py fo fos ie bern deep Tos ae sain Tae 27 leg with he wo sgl ‘Sim ls wee cued ether Not inte seronys fre singles os » o © eae RA pt pen me oh ee 6 ements of gingeig Ezonomy Chap 12 ABU 1233_ Oot Compo Fa 2 Scpamtametbone AL) Par Sienna oer wen nur 2 Spat SEpantmertoer (CARL ee Si et ae omen Pane pat Fa dg gine er | ave primes atic t ting te rom the eguapeyment acts of the sme ‘As «mathemati station, th forma for Be eget compound mou sing fats nde compaunig a dvds flows: “Abts E126 oe ier oe faye of 12718) ih = Ok y= Ovandall oer = we tain Pes captions sot ed +8 4) Mutiping his ountionhy (1+ 9 ad saci rome ei ges Puta F=stiear—t foe] ann ‘hebrck emis te queries ompuund-anoun fcr for decompo (Caf Ln, Sling E1271 for Sth orespondng int id factor SFR,» comers ange sua Fibs geymen re sen bebe ele of he (Cain The et ofthe qtppment aco for dose compe el 5 thos conepring to cndonourconpeucg Tale 1271 can be ried in ‘nse manner ls ef ans betwen he itor ech cmpendig Inet maybe soa ou Fo eal oa vente te ape (CREA P were tobe ais by CAP Wad Fad sre wea be ipl ty SP te sn alt qul-pymen seri well esl, Tce ‘CRF = (CAPS) «a7 Saving fr Fis .Fed Supponiag Emons © ‘nisl sit cn eens in terms fae sag so noe of x ege Piven fits Moreve then eompndig tes a be aed bys (Sn five perp fe Lin he dre compoulng coe noobie eaanr fe flog uns tna oat in fren 100 creo nv pm nd a ety para ie ese dane xt sate pre Coe he aly ppman e ual snpemmorieente aon eli ees ee eee ‘Sonal ay Sohn The ese ict pr he =O aot = 48 Hee own pone RE. 8) = S190} = SBS pee ‘einen mn nm coe Fe SAR iA) = O89.38)5.205H = 162226 eto ign ge neo ing heigl comer amoe Fe PAP, = poet = 816502.26 Moet se etn sn i eine ocean (Ep Et mts eu O15 ten spe et conan ap ‘ouclepundaacan frit mane pdr ont = 230). Deena ti 9 epee cr is example vs se ‘apm ge, Ps te nse pd ar med ah ep ly ‘ernie mb ore naomi nec my ecto {rie Sein epee chaos eng sum oe {ht Test to ye ig oon tee to (CRFICAE) = (CAF) ‘Theil she ost ete monies ‘tne gual tee e126 ene 2000, 128 SUPERPOSITION OF CASH FLOWS ‘Acad Bow maybe ese a th sperposoa ofa Spe-ayent oo ‘ora. The sone pip of superposition peso a eas of ome exh ows throm be decent sere simpler Bows. In exc ase ote aerate tweet decmpesag sal ups sos pars eps his ase ‘Sita tenes order the pe ay of tring te pole For undoing any clans. TAS principe is stated by be fllorng ae ame 29 nth pent woe te el sol eatin oc so in Fp i240 theese erp se neni i nginseingEzonemy) Chap 12 Sutin Theis sve be deceapes ia sngsfsn eww The 1. Ascot Sina omens eles ve $ion FOB ‘Ss iinet ee is po. 2 Riese ion omens pig tf eG pea a9 ‘Aizeifrsenlongayc ten eof he pes 1 Arete 10 ton vs oping ot dais ‘sterol une begang te > pt. nese is mod of eosin em tbe ep thos ere pe ein sess we ane “nt ud monn, eet woh oe giles eat Pw, + 80.5) = 2069 + SE) ASS ogee met esegestin e oingvo sis i (P= POF.) + PWR. L ONES) ‘= rnagm + 6021215085085 = $845 ain (oy P= 1oPn,c 5) + CAR, APH.) sugar + 6451103035 = 84 tn ‘ingen tot ramping to nara Ao ln (0) P= PRL) — PR OPS) 46245 ~ 49.5121 6H) = $55 on (0) P= rE.) CAR.) = nye ~ asst 0s) = 881 inPate —Suppning Soments 9 EXERCISES: 1. Axl ampere oe ftning es $200 den ‘ih pea pas noma ene ea 2. Fn hee of ec pi eo eel a a | ated a te 30 rn 4. Ug anamnestic fo ge a B12 pyur|smegeel [TTT] | li [nfs | | [enuf a 0 ems of Eghnaring Economy ch. 12 4. dhe worth ofthe on of Bese atthe he tenth yes § Reteing to tea Fw shows ag, £125 whi ef the lowing equations ae P+ [CAR £5) + APWR, 4 IOI]. 5) P= 20 + SPWR 15) — AWE) P= 20 + [CAF 15) + (CAF. 1515) CAP (15) + PF ICAP 415) + ACB 1) 0 + APE, 15) + AICAR. 51,15) [CAE 15) + (CAF, £15) + (CAR, LOEW, 18)