******* ADAMEm *******

The Portable Coleco ADAM Emulator

Version 1.0

Copyright (C) 1996-1999 Marcel de Kogel

Hardware and Software Requirements

==================================
MS-DOS version:
A 486SX-25 or better
A VLB- or PCI-based VGA compatible video card
An enhanced keyboard (101 or 102 keys)
MS-DOS version 3.0 or higher
A 486DX-33 with a SoundBlaster compatible sound card and a joystick is
recommended
To compile the MS-DOS version, you'll need DJGPP 2.0 or higher, ZLIB
recommended
Linux/SVGALib version:
A 486DX-33 (486DX2-66 recommended)
A VLB- or PCI-based VGA compatible video card
An enhanced keyboard (101 or 102 keys)
SVGALib version 1.2.10 or higher
ZLIB recommended
Sound and joystick drivers supported
Unix/X version:
A 486DX-66 or equivalent (P66 recommended)
An X-Windows server running in 8, 16 or 32 bpp mode
X11 revision 6 or higher
ZLIB recommended
USS(/Lite) sound system and Linux joystick driver supported

ZLIB is a general-purpose data compression library used by ADAMEm to

support GZIPped disk, tape and ROM images. ZLIB is available on the ZLIB
home page at http://quest.jpl.nasa.gov/zlib/

Files included
==============
adamem The emulator
cvem A link starting the emulator in ColecoVision mode
adamem.snd The sound data used by the emulator
adamem.txt This file
OS7.rom ColecoVision OS ROM image
WP.rom SmartWRITER ROM image
EOS.rom Elementary Operating System ROM image
keys Program to alter key mappings for game controller #1
CWSDMI.ZIP (MS-DOS version only) A DPMI server required by ADAMEm MS-DOS.
If you don't run ADAMEm MS-DOS in a DPMI environment (OS/2, MS-
Windows, Linux DOSEmu, QDPMI, ...), put CWSDPMI.EXE included in
this archive somewhere in your path or in the emulator's
directory
Some utilities for use with ADAMEm can be found on the ADAMEm distribution
site at http://www.komkon.org/~dekogel/adamem.html

What's emulated
===============
- 4 disk drives
- 4 tape drives
- 1 ADAM printer
- 1 Parallel port
- 1 RAM expander, with a configurable amount of memory.
- 2 ColecoVision game controllers
- (Optional) 1 Roller controller, 1 Driving module, 1 Super Action
controller

Key Mappings
============
ADAM keyboard:
F1-F6 - Smart keys
F7 - WILD CARD
F8 - UNDO
Insert - INSERT
Delete - DELETE
Home - MOVE/COPY
End - STORE/GET
Page Up - CLEAR
Page Down - PRINT
Keypad 5 - HOME
ColecoVision game controllers:
Cursor keys - Joystick movement
Left Alt (Space in - Primary firing button
Unix/X version)
Left Ctrl - Secondary firing button
Left Shift - Third firing button (port 1)
Z - Fourth firing button (port 1)
NumPad - - Third firing button (port 2)
NumPad + - Fourth firing button (port 2)
0-9, -, = - Numpad 1
0-9, Del, Enter(right) - Numpad 2
Special Keys:
F9 - Toggle joystick/keyboard mode. In joystick
mode, the keyboard is used to emulate the
ColecoVision game controllers. In keyboard
mode, it is used to emulate the ADAM keyboard
F1-F4 - Toggle sound channel 1-4 on/off (Joystick mode
only)
F5 - Toggle sound on/off (Joystick mode only)
F11 - Decrease sound volume
F12 - Increase sound volume
Alt+F9 - Switch between 80 and 40-column mode, if TDOS
is running (MS-DOS only)
Ctrl+F9 - Change options
F7 (Alt+F7 in keyboard - Make snapshot
mode)
F8 (Alt+F8 in keyboard - Make screen shot (Not implemented in Unix/X
mode) version)
Ctrl+F11 - Pause & Blank screen
Ctrl+F12 - Pause
Insert - Switch to joystick emulation mode 1 (Joystick
mode only). For a description of the available
joystick emulation modes, check the description
of the -joystick command line option
Home - Switch to joystick emulation mode 2 (Joystick
mode only)
Page Up - Switch to joystick emulation mode 3 (Joystick
mode only)
Delete - Swap joystick buttons (Joystick mode only)
End - Swap keyboard buttons (Joystick mode only)
Page Down - Swap mouse buttons (Joystick mode only)
Alt+F12 - Main reset lever
Alt+F11 - Cartridge reset lever
F10 - Quit emulator

Command line options

====================
General options:
-help - Print a help page describing the available
options
-verbose <flags> - Select debugging messages [0]
0 - Silent 1 - Startup messages
2 - VDP 4 - Memory mapper
8 - Tape&Disk 16 - PCB
128 - Illegal Z80 ops
-adam / -cv - Select emulation model
-adam - Coleco ADAM
-cv - ColecoVision
Default is -adam for adamem, -cv for cvem
-os7 <file> - Select ColecoVision ROM image [OS7.rom]
-eos <file> - Select EOS ROM image [EOS.rom]
-wp <file> - Select SmartWriter ROM image [WP.rom]
-ram <value> - Select number of 64K expansion RAM pages [1]
-diska, -diskb, - Select disk/tape images to use [none]
-diskc, -diskd,
-tapea, -tapeb,
-tapec, -taped
<filename>
-snap <filename> - Load snapshot file [none]
-autosnap <mode> - Set snapshot mode [0]
0 - Manual
1 - Automatically load snapshot at start-up,
and write snapshot at shutdown
-diskspeed <value> - Set time it takes to read one block in ms [100]
-tapespeed <value> - Set time it takes to read one block in ms [100]
-printer <filename> - Select file to log printer output
Default is PRN in the MS-DOS version, stdout in
the Unix versions
-printertype <value> - Select printer type [1]
0 - ADAM Printer compatible
1 - Generic/Text only
2 - IBM Graphics compatible
3 - Qume SPRINT 11 compatible
-lpt <filename> - Select file to log parallel port output
Default is PRN in the MS-DOS version, stdout in
the Unix versions
-cpuspeed <percentage> - Set Z80 CPU speed [100%]
You won't normally need to use this option. If
you've got a slow system however, you may be
able to speed up some applications by lowering
the CPU speed to 60%-80%
-ifreq <frequency> - Set interrupt frequency [50Hz]
Default interrupt frequency is 50Hz for a PAL
system, and 60Hz for an NTSC system. If you
find most of your applications running a bit
too slow, try using -ifreq 60
-sync <mode> - Select sync mode [1]
0 - Do not sync emulation
1 - Sync emulation on every VDP interrupt
Using -sync 0 will let the emulator run at full
 speed. If you're not using games, you may want
to use this option
-cheat <code> - Apply cheat code to cartridge ROM. Code is a 24-
bit hexadecimal number. Bits 8-15 are the
address to be patched, bits 0-7 the new value.
e.g., -cheat 02CE00 will write the value 0x00
to address 0x02CE in the cartridge ROM, giving
you infinite lives in Zaxxon.
Up to 16 cheat codes are supported.
-expansion <mode> - Select expansion module emulation [0]
0 - Do not emulate expansion modules
1 - Emulate a roller controller with the mouse.
Use your mouse buttons to press one of the
first two roller controller buttons, use
the ctrl and alt keys to press one of the
second roller controller buttons
2 - Emulate a roller controller with an
analogue joystick
3 - Emulate a driving module with an analogue
joystick. Move your joystick forward to
press the accelerator pedal, move your
joystick to left or to the right to move
the steering wheel, use the cursor keys or
the joystick buttons to move the control
stick
4 - Emulate a driving module with a mouse.
Press a mouse button to press the
accelerator pedal, use the cursor keys to
move the control stick
5 - Emulate a super controller speed roller on
both ports with a mouse. The third and
fourth firing buttons of the super action
controllers are always emulated.
6 - Emulate a speed roller on port 1 with a
mouse
7 - Emulate a speed roller on port 2 with a
mouse
Please note that mouse support is currently
only implemented in the MS-DOS version
Controller options:
-joystick <mode> - Select joystick mode [1]
0 - No joystick support
1 - Joystick support
2 - Joystick emulates game controller #2
3 - Joystick emulates game controller #1
In joystick mode 1, both the keyboard and the
joystick emulate both ColecoVision game ports.
For head to head games, you'll have to use
either -joystick 2 or -joystick 1
-sensitivity <value> - Select mouse/joystick sensitivity [200]
1 - Maximum 1000 - Minimum
Use this option if you're having trouble
controlling the roller controller or driving
module. Useful values are between 150 and 400
-swapbuttons <flags> - Swap/Do not swap buttons [0]
1 - Swap joystick buttons
2 - Swap keyboard buttons
4 - Swap mouse buttons
For the joystick and the mouse, only buttons A
 and B are swapped
-keypad <mode> - Select numeric keypad operation [0]
0 - Normal 1 - Reversed
This option might be useful for games that use
game controller overlays, like War Games
-calibrate <mode> - Force/Do not force joystick calibration [0]
0 - Do not force joystick calibration
1 - Force joystick calibration
Normally, the emulator loads the joystick
settings from a file when it has been
calibrated before. If you connected a new
joystick, or you changed your joystick
settings, and you're having trouble controlling
your joystick, try using -calibrate 1
-keys <string> - Alter key mappings
You can use the "keys" program to get the
syntax necessary for your favourite key mapping
Video options:
-uperiod <value> - Set maximum number of interrupts per screen
update [3]
If you are using a slow system, you may prefer
using -uperiod 2 or -uperiod 1. This will
probably slow down emulation, but emulation
will be much smoother
-sprite <mode> - Select sprite emulation method [0]
0 - Show all sprites
1 - Don't show more than 4 sprites per row
While many applications will suffer from heavy
sprite flicker when using -sprite 1, some
applications require the option for best
display results
-video <mode> - Select video mode [0] (Not implemented in
Unix/X version)
MS-DOS version:
0 - 320x200 1 - 256x192
2 - 256x240
Linux/SVGALib version:
0 - 320x200 1 - 320x240
Please note that video modes 1 and 2 may not
work on every system
-palette <mode> - Select colour palette to be used [0]
0 - Default
1 - V9938
-overscan <mode> - Emulate/Do not emulate overscan colour [1] (Not
implemented in Unix/X version)
0 - Do not emulate overscan colour
1 - Emulate overscan colour
Since overscan colours show quite differently
on a television set compared to a VGA monitor,
you may want to turn emulation of it off
-chipset <value> - Select video chipset [1] (Linux/SVGALib only)
0 - VGA 1 - Autodetect
If you are having video related problems, using
-chipset 0 might solve your problems
-tdos <mode> - Select default TDOS video mode [0] (MS-DOS
only)
0 - 40 column
1 - 80 column
Sound options:
-soundtrack <file> - Select file for sound logging [none]
-sound <mode> - Select sound mode [255]
MS-DOS version:
0 - No sound 1 - PC Speaker
2 - Adlib 3 - Adlib + SoundBlaster
4 - SoundBlaster 5 - GUS
6 - SB AWE32 255 - Detect
The emulator uses the BLASTER environment
variable to 'detect' the presence of a Sound
Blaster. Some older Sound Blaster cards are not
supported. Make sure your BLASTER setting is
right or you may crash your system when running
the emulator. The syntax of the BLASTER
environment variable is: BLASTER=Aaaa Ii Dd Hh
Tt Eeee, where aaa is the port address
(default=220), i is the interrupt used
(default=7 or 5, depending on the model you
have), d is the DMA channel used (default=1), h
is the high DMA channel used (SB16/AWE32 only,
default=5), t is the model type (4=SB Pro,
5=SB16, 6=AWE32) and eee is the EMU baseport
(AWE32 only, default=620). All other settings
are ignored. If you have a GUS compatible sound
card, make sure your ULTRASND environment
variable is set correctly. It's syntax is:
ULTRASND=Port,DMA,Record DMA,IRQ,MIDI IRQ. Only
the Port parameter is used by the emulator.
You might want to use -sound 3 if you have a
slow system or a system with an 8-bit sound
card
Unix versions:
0 - No sound
1 - USS(/Lite) /dev/dsp
255 - Detect
-reverb <level> - Select reverb send level (SB, SB AWE32 and
/dev/dsp only) [7]
0 - Minimum 100 - Maximum
-chorus <level> - Select chorus send level (SB AWE32 only) [0]
0 - Minimum 100 - Maximum
-stereo <level> - Select stereo panning level (SB, SB AWE32 and
/dev/dsp only) [0]
0 - Mono 100 - Maximum
Useful values are from 0 to about 60
-soundquality <value> - Select sound quality (SoundBlaster and /dev/dsp
only) [3]
1 - Lowest 5 - Highest
While using higher sound qualities will improve
sound output quite a lot, it will also cause a
considerable slowdown if you're using a slow
(486) machine
-speakerchannels - Select PC Speaker channel list (PC Speaker
<channel list> only) [4,3,2,1]
If you don't have a sound card, and sound
quality is extremely poor, try messing with
this option a bit. Useful alternatives include
1,2,3 and 2,3,1
-volume <level> - Select initial volume [10]
0 - Silent 15 - Maximum
Miscellaneous options:
-shm <mode> - Use/Don't use MITSHM extensions for X [1] (X-
Windows version only)
0 - Don't use SHM 1 - Use SHM
Using SHM greatly speeds up emulation, but may
not be compatible with your system
-savecpu <mode> - Save/Don't save CPU when inactive [1] (X-
Windows version only)
0 - Don't save CPU 1 - Save CPU
Many command line options may be abbreviated. Use the -help options to get
a list of currently supported abbreviations

Screenshot and snapshot files

=============================
Screenshots will be saved as <filename.bXX>, where filename is the name of
the disk, tape or cartridge image. XX is an increasing number, e.g. if the
latest screenshot taken is DKONG.B03, the next will be DKONG.B04.
Snapshots will be saved as <filename.sXX>.
When you use the "-autosnap 1" option, e.g. to save the highscores in a
ColecoVision game, the snapshot that is automatically loaded and saved is
<filename.snp>.

TDOS
====
TDOS is a freeware CP/M compatible operating system for the Coleco ADAM.
It can run in 40-column mode on an ADAM, or in 80-column mode on 80-column
mode adapters.
ADAMEm does not support 80-column mode adapters. When ADAMEm runs TDOS in
80-column mode, it copies the internal video buffer to the display at
every VDP interrupt. TDOS itself does not know it runs in 80-column mode,
so if you e.g. do a DIR, only half of the screen will be used.
To run TDOS in 80-column mode, you can either use the "-tdos 1" command
line option, or press ALT+F9 when TDOS is running.

The sound files

===============
Somewhere in 1997, Todd Aiken convinced me the sound emulation of ADAMEm
could be made a lot better. Until then, ADAMEm used samples from real
ColecoVision games. Todd wanted to make his own samples, but he failed a
program to generate the tones and noises.
I started coding one. When it was finished, I programmed the EPROMs and
made new samples from my own ColecoVision. While this improved the sound
quite a bit, Todd still wasn't satisfied. Todd replaced the EPROMs on one
of his Donkey Kong cartridges with EPROM sockets, programmed the Noise
Generator EPROMs and sampled the ColecoVision at his home. After filtering
them using Cool Edit, he sent the samples to me.
I looped the samples and imported them in ADAMEm. The sounds had become
better, but there was too much filtering, especially in the lower
frequency ranges. Todd made new samples, of different tones. I looped
them, but made the loops much larger. The results were great. ADAMEm 1.0
sounds as close to a real ColecoVision as you can get.

Soundtrack file format

======================
The soundtrack file format is as follows:
Header:
string 'Coleco Sound File',0x1A
word Version number (LSB first, currently 0x101 for 1.01)
byte Interrupt frequency in hertz
Data:
0xFF Single interrupt mark
0xFE <n(byte)> Interrupt mark
0xFD <n(word)> Interrupt mark (LSB first)
0xFC <byte> Change interrupt frequency
0x00-0x7F Write to a sound register. High nibble is the register
number, low nibble is the register value. Registers 0,2 and
4 are 12 bits wide (lower 8 bits are in second byte), all
others are 4 bits wide
Example: 13 FF 20 04 56 FD 05 01 45 06
^--------------------------- Write 3 to register 1
^------------------------ Interrupt
^--------------------- Write 004 to register 2
^--------------- Write 6 to register 5
^------------ 261 Interrupts
^--- Write 506 to register 4

Configuration files
===================
The emulator loads two configuration files (if present) before it loads a
cartridge ROM: adamem.cfg or cvem.cfg located in the emulator's directory
and CART.cfg (e.g. DKONG.cfg) located in the cartridge dump's directory.
These are plain text files containing optional command line options.
Options can be separated with spaces, tabs or returns.

History
=======
1.0 23-02-1999 - Replaced sound files and improved sound emulation
- Replaced Marat Fayzullin's Z80 emulation code with
Z80Em. Z80Em is a portable Z80 emulator, written by
myself.
- Improved ADAMNet emulation
- Replaced the colour palette. The palette used in older
versions can still be used with the "-palette 1"
option
- Added parallel port emulation
- Added expansion RAM support
- Added snapshot support
- Added 80-column TDOS support
- Added cheat-code support
- Added reverb and stereo support for SoundBlaster Pro
and SoundBlaster 16 compatibles
- Fixed some minor bugs
0.2 15-11-1996 Completely rewrote VDP emulation engine; it now has
support for sprite clipping, detection of 5th sprite in
a row and non-standard screen modes, added support for
GZIPped disk images, added ADAM printer control code
emulation, added Unix/X and Linux/SVGALib ports, fixed
some bugs
0.1 28-10-1996 Initial release

Credits
=======
- Joe Blenkle, Jim Marshall, Stephen Geyer, Grant Frost and Jim Notini
were of invaluable help getting ADAM software and technical information.
Thanks!
- Todd Aiken spent a lot of time finding bugs, many of which would have
never been fixed without his help. He also helped a lot improving the
sound output
- Martijn Zeedijk tested the GUS routines and helped me fix lots of bugs
- Neal Danner provided me with the sound hardware related technical
information on which the sound emulation code is based
- The SB AWE32 routines are heavily based on 'The Unofficial Sound Blaster
AWE32 Programming Guide' written by Vince Vu a.k.a. Judge Dredd. Thanks
a million for writing this!
- Some parts of the code were taken from Allegro. Allegro is a library for
DJGPP written by Shawn Hargreaves. Allegro is available at
ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/msdos/programming/djgpp2
- ADAMEm MS-DOS was compiled using DJ Delorie's DJGPP v2.0. DJGPP is a 32
bit C compiler for MS-DOS. Source code and binaries of DJGPP are
available at http://www.delorie.com

Please send your comments to Marcel at

dekogel@giganda.komkon.org