Linear Motion 2017

Describe liner motion

Enabling Objectives

 Define the following terms

- Speed
- Velocity
- Acceleration

Speed is the distance travelled divided by time.

Speed

The SI unit is m/s

Velocity is the distance travelled in a given direction divided by time taken.

Velocity

The SI unit is m/s

Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017

The SI unit is m/s2

 Solve simple problems on speed, velocity and acceleration

Speed, Velocity and Acceleration

Example
1. A car travels 500m in 36 seconds. What is its speed?

2. A jet ski travels 510 metres in 30 seconds.

a. Calculate the speed of the jet ski

b. The jet ski slows down to 9 m/s. How long will it take for the jet ski to travel 100m?

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017

Name: Marks

Group Code: Date:

Topic : Linear motion

1. Which is the correct equation for speed?

a.

a. b.
b.

c. c.
d.
d.
4. If speed and distance are known, how can
2. Which of these are units of speed? time be calculated?
a. grams per second
b. metres per second
c. seconds per metre a.
d. metre per gram b.

3. If time and speed are known, how can c.

distance be calculated? d.

5. A car accelerates at a rate of 0 m/s 2 from an initial speed of 2 m/s from 10 s. What is its speed at the
end of 10 s?

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017
6. A car accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s 2 from rest for 10 s. What is its speed at the end of 10 s?
7. A car accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s 2 from an initial speed of 2 m/s for 10 s. What is its speed at the
end of 10 s?
8. A car accelerates from 3m/s to 11 m/s in 4 s. What is its acceleration?
9. A car accelerates from 4 m/s to 18 m/s at a rate of 2 m/s 2. What is the time taken?
10. A truck accelerates from rest to 10 m/s in 5 s. What is the distance traveled at the end of 5 s?
11. A truck accelerates from 2 m/s to 12 m/s in 5 s. What is the distance traveled at the end of 5 s?

Enabling Objectives

 Carry out an investigation into distance – time graph, calculate the gradient and its speed
- Plot distance - time graph
- Plot speed – time graph

Graphical Analysis of Motion

Distance - time graph (gradient = velocity)

1. Horizontal line means body at rest 2. Straight line with positive gradient mean uniform velocity

Velocity = gradient
Velocity = gradient

= 0 m/s

3. Straight line with negative gradient mean 4. Non-uniform velocity

uniform velocity in the opposite direction

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017
Velocity = gradient

Example
The graph below shows the movements of the jet ski over 30 minutes.

During which period is the jet ski

a. Moving fastest? State reason for your answer b. Stationary? State reason for your answer

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017

Velocity - time graph

The following deductions can be made from the velocity – time graph

 Gradient of the graph gives the acceleration

 Area below the graph gives the distance travelled

1. Uniform Velocity of 5 m/s for 10s

Acceleration = gradient Distance = area

= 5 x 10

= = 50 m

= 0 m/s2

2. Body moving from rest with uniform acceleration

Acceleration = gradient Distance = area

3. Non-uniform acceleration

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017
4. Uniform deceleration

Acceleration = gradient Distance = area

5. Initial velocity ≠ 0

Acceleration = gradient Distance = area

Name: Marks
Group Code: Date:

Topic : Linear motion

2. Sketch the correct velocity – time graphs of a) Object is moving with constant
an object in the following motion. acceleration
b) Object is moving with zero accelerations

NTEC Basic Engineering Science

 Linear Motion 2017
c) Object is moving with increasing
acceleration

3. Figure below shows the velocity – time

graph of a car traveling a straight path.
a) Determine the acceleration in each of
the four phases A, B, C and D.
b) Determine the total distance travelled.

4. Cars A and B are in a race. The velocity –

time graph below shows the motion of both
cars during the race. Both cars are at the
same starting position at t = 0
a) Calculate the distance travelled by both
cars at t = 40s
b) State which car is in the lead.

5. a) What is the speed during the first 20

seconds?

b) How far is the object from the start after

60 seconds?

c) What is the speed during the last 40

seconds?

d) When was the object travelling the

fastest?

NTEC Basic Engineering Science