Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pilani Campus
Implications
• During an electronic transition, electron density changes rapidly while the
nuclear positions remain the same.
• Because of electron density changes, the original nuclear positions are not
equilibrium positions in the excited electronic state and the nuclear
movement brings in vibrations.
Vertical transition:
The vertical line connects
minimum of the Gr. State
to the Ex. State, vertically
and hits at the turning
point of new vibration.
Various intensity of
electronic
transitions
Fluorescence: Provides
information about the
excited state of the
molecule.
Phosphorescence:
• Intensity is very weak
• Time lag
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 or K4[Fe(CN)6]
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 or K4[Fe(CN)6]
The primary valence is the number of charges on the complex ion,
Non-directional
The secondary valence is the number of atoms that are directly
bonded (coordinated) to the metal, Directional
The secondary valence is also termed the “coordination number” of
the metal in a coordination complex
21 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Classification of Ligands
Ligands: classified according to the number of donor atoms
Fe 26 [Fe(CN)6]3- 3 12 35
Ni 28 [Ni(NH3)6]2+ 2 12 38
Pd 46 [PdCl4]2- 2 8 52
Pt 78 [Pt(NH3)4]2+ 2 8 84
25 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
EAN violations
• [Ni(NH3)6]2+
• EAN = 28-2+12 = 38 # 36 (Kr)
• If we want 36 to be EAN we have to have penta coordination which
leads to an irregular structure
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 or [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
27 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Example of Chelation
Chlorophyll, hemoglobin, vitamin B12 have porphyrin related
structures
n = Kf = [MLn]/[M][L]n = K1 × K2 × K3 × …. × Kn
[CoBr(NH3)5]SO4 [Co(SO4)(NH3)5]Br
Ionization Isomers
[Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
[Cu(NH3)4][PtCl4] [Pt(NH3)4][CuCl4]
Coordination Isomers
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Structural isomer
Linkage Isomers
Ambidenate ligands
CN- through C or N;
SCN- through S or N;
S2O32- through S or O.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Stereoisomers of square planer com.
[Ma2b2]
M=Metal centre;
a and b are monodentate ligands
[Ma2bc]
M=Metal centre;
a, b and c are monodentate ligands
[Mabcd]
M=Metal centre; a, b, c and d are
monodentate ligands
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Stereoisomers of Octahedral com.
[Ma3b3]
[M(AB)3]
M=Metal centre; AB is an unsymmetrical
bidentate ligand in which the two letters A
and B are indicating the two different And their mirror images
coordinating atoms Total = 4 isomers
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Discussed topics……
Double salt and coordination compound
Werner’s work