Parts and Functions of the Microscope

MICROSCOPY Prepared By:

Zynn Niña J. Bayron
MICROSCOPE
ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK
(1632-1723)

•“Father of Microbiology”
•Dutch microscopist who
was the first to observe
bacteria and protozoa
MICROSCOPY
•the technical field of
using microscopes to view
samples and objects that
cannot be seen with the
unaided eye
 •A general term used for any type of
LIGHT microscopy where light is being
transmitted from a source which is on
MICROSCOPY the opposite side of the sample to
the objective lens
MICROSCOPE
An instrument that
magnifies objects that are
too small to be seen,
producing an image in
which objects appear
larger
MICROGRAPH
•A type of image or
photograph captured
through a microscope
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
•Consists of a single lens
called loupe
•Examples: reading
glasses, jewelry
eyepieces, magnifying
glass
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
•An upright microscope that uses
two sets of lenses (compound lens
system)
•Used to view samples that can not
be identified with the naked eye
•Also known as high power
microscopes or biological
microscopes
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
•In this microscope,
visible light passes
through the specimen
and is bent through the
lens system
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
3 BASIC STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
• HEAD/BODY houses the optical
parts of the microscope
• BASE of the microscope supports
the microscope and houses the
illuminator
• ARM connects to the base and
supports the microscope head; it is
also used to carry the microscope
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
• Eyepiece or ocular is what you
look through at the top of the
microscope
Typically, standard eyepieces have a magnifying power
of 10x

• Eyepiece tube holds the eyepieces

above the objective lens
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
• Objective lenses are the primary
optical lenses on a microscope
They range from 4x-100x and include three, four or
five lenses on most microscopes

• Revolving nosepiece houses the

objectives
Standard objectives include 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x

• Coarse and fine focus knobs are

used to focus the specimen
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
Types of Objective Lenses
A scanning objective lens
that magnifies 4x is the
shortest objective and is
useful for getting a general
overview of a slide.
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
Types of Objective Lenses
A low-power objective
lens magnifies 10x, it
covers a wide field of view
and they are useful for
examining large specimens
or surveying many smaller
specimens
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
Types of Objective Lenses
A high-power objective
lens magnifies 40x; it is
ideal for observing very
fine detail, such as nerve
cells in the retina or the
striations in skeletal muscle.
 PARTS OF A
MICROSCOPE
Coarse focus knob (coarse
adjustment knob) is used to
focus the image on the
microscope under low or
medium power by using larger
motions of the lens.
It is used to move the stage up or down
to the bring the specimen into focus.
 PARTS OF A
MICROSCOPE
Fine focus knob (fine
adjustment knob) is used
to focus the image on the
microscope of only high
power by using very tiny
motions of the lens.
It is used to fine tune the image.
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
• Stage is where the specimen to
be viewed is places
• Stage clips hold the slide in
place
• Aperture is the hole in the stage
through which the transmitted
light reaches the stage
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
• Illuminator the light source for
a microscope
Typically located in the base of the microscope

• Condenser is used to collect and

focus the light from the
illuminator on to the specimen
It is located under the stage often in conjunction with
an iris diaphragm
 PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
• Iris diaphragm control the
amount of light reaching the
specimen
It is located above the condenser and below the stage

• Condenser focus knob moves

the condenser up or down to
control the lighting focus on the
specimen
REFERENCES
•Khan Academy. Microscopy. Retrieved from:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-of-a-cell/introduction-to-
cells/a/microscopy?utm_account=Grant&utm_campaignname=Grant_Science_Dynamic&gclid
=Cj0KCQiAq97uBRCwARIsADTziyYzqTdSovD1ZU3RaWDj4VXzSlM8CCZPn0wnwNfJo2bI1vD
mjNuyoVIaAtDzEALw_wcB
•University of Edinburgh. What is microscopy. Retrieved from:https://www.ed.ac.uk/clinical-
sciences/edinburgh-imaging/for-patients-study-participants/tell-me-more-about-my-
scan/what-is-microscopy
•https://www.microscope.com/compound-microscope-parts
•https://www.amscope.com/microscope-parts-and-functions/
•https://www.britannica.com/technology/microscope/History-of-optical-
microscopes#ref361979