1. Problem statement: state how, when and where the case study occurs (support pictorially) 2. Defining its mathematical model: identifying function, constraints, objectives, and free variables, from which emerge the attribute limits and material indices 3. Selection of materials or processes in which the full menu of materials or processes is reduced by screening and ranking to a short-list of viable candidates, 4. Explanation about the selected materials or processes and state the improvement with respective results NB: omit 6.5 and 6.10