Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Negocio Internacional
Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje Sena
Septiembre de 2019
Actividad de aprendizaje 10
Con la finalidad de que transfiera lo aprendido hasta el momento sobre el manejo del
inglés, desarrolle a través de un documento escrito lo siguiente:
Exports are the goods and services produced in one country and purchased by residents
of another country. It doesn't matter what the good or service is. It doesn't matter how it
is sent. It can be shipped, sent by email, or carried in personal luggage on a plane. If it is
produced domestically and sold to someone in a foreign country, it is an export.
Exports are one component of international trade. The other component is imports. They
are the goods and services bought by a country's residents that are produced in a foreign
country. Combined, they make up a country's trade balance. When the country exports
more than it imports, it has a trade surplus. When it imports more than it exports, it has
a trade deficit.
As an example, the United States imported $1.68 trillion in goods between January and
August 2018. During that same period, it exported $1.12 trillion in goods. This created a
deficit of $565.6 billion. You can see a monthly breakdown from January to August 2018
below:
Businesses export goods and services where they have a competitive advantage. That
means they are better than any other companies at providing that product.
They also export things that reflect the country's comparative advantage. Countries have
comparative advantages in the commodities they have a natural ability to produce. For
example, Kenya, Jamaica, and Colombia have the right climate to grow coffee. That gives
their industries an edge in exporting coffee.
India's population is its comparative advantage. Its workers speak English and are familiar
with English laws. Those skills give them an edge as affordable call center workers. China
has a similar advantage in manufacturing due to its lower standard of living. Its workers
can live on lower wages than people in developed countries.
Most countries want to increase their exports. Their companies want to sell more. If
they've sold all they can to their own country's population, then they want to sell overseas
as well. The more they export, the greater their competitive advantage. They gain
expertise in producing the goods and services. They also gain knowledge about how to
sell to foreign markets.
Governments encourage exports. Exports increase jobs, bring in higher wages, and raise
the standard of living for residents. As such, people become happier and more likely to
support their national leaders.
Exports also increase the foreign exchange reserves held in the nation's central bank.
Foreigners pay for exports either in their own currency or the U.S. dollar. A country with
large reserves can use it to manage their own currency's value. They have enough foreign
currency to flood the market with their own currency. That lowers the cost of their
exports in other countries.
Countries also use currency reserves to manage liquidity. That means they can better
control inflation, which is too much money chasing too few goods. To control inflation, they
use the foreign currency to purchase their own currency. That decreases the money
supply, making the local currency worth more.
Las exportaciones son los bienes y servicios producidos en un país y comprados por
residentes de otro país. No importa cuál sea el bien o el servicio. No importa cómo se
envíe. Se puede enviar, enviar por correo electrónico o llevar en un equipaje personal en
un avión. Si se produce en el país y se vende a alguien en un país extranjero, es una
exportación.
Las empresas exportan bienes y servicios donde tienen una ventaja competitiva. Eso
significa que son mejores que cualquier otra compañía para proporcionar ese producto.
También exportan cosas que reflejan la ventaja comparativa del país. Los países tienen
ventajas comparativas en los productos que tienen una capacidad natural para producir.
Por ejemplo, Kenia, Jamaica y Colombia tienen el clima adecuado para cultivar café. Eso
le da a sus industrias una ventaja en la exportación de café.
La mayoría de los países quieren aumentar sus exportaciones. Sus compañías quieren
vender más. Si han vendido todo lo que pueden a la población de su propio país, también
quieren vender en el extranjero. Cuanto más exportan, mayor es su ventaja competitiva.
Ganan experiencia en la producción de bienes y servicios. También obtienen
conocimiento sobre cómo vender a mercados extranjeros.
Los gobiernos alientan las exportaciones. Las exportaciones aumentan los empleos,
generan salarios más altos y elevan el nivel de vida de los residentes. Como tal, las
personas se vuelven más felices y más propensas a apoyar a sus líderes nacionales.
Los países también usan reservas de divisas para gestionar la liquidez. Eso significa que
pueden controlar mejor la inflación, que es demasiado dinero persiguiendo muy pocos
bienes. Para controlar la inflación, usan la moneda extranjera para comprar su propia
moneda. Eso disminuye la oferta de dinero, haciendo que la moneda local valga más.
Identifique el vocabulario clave y tradúzcalo al español.
VOCABULARY VOCABULARIO
Economy Economía
Exports Exportaciones
Imports Importaciones
Surplus Superávit
Deficit Déficit
Breakdown Descompostura
Comparative Advantage Ventaja Comparativa
Call Center Centro de Llamadas
Wages Salarios
Companies Compañías
Leaders Lideres
Foreign Exchange Divisas
Manage Administrar
Cost Costos
Reserves Reservas
Inflation Inflación
Currency Moneda
MAIN IDEA
Exports are one component of international trade. The other component is imports. They
are the goods and services bought by a country's residents that are produced in a foreign
country. Combined, they make up a country's trade balance. When the country exports
more than it imports, it has a trade surplus. When it imports more than it exports, it has
a trade deficit.
Countries have comparative advantages in the commodities they have a natural ability to
produce.
Governments encourage exports. Exports increase jobs, bring in higher wages, and raise
the standard of living for residents.
Countries also use currency reserves to manage liquidity. That means they can better
control inflation, which is too much money chasing too few goods. To control inflation, they
use the foreign currency to purchase their own currency. That decreases the money
supply, making the local currency worth more.
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