PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016

Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications

For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

1 Foreword
2
3 The implementation of Republic Act 10601 also known as the Agricultural and Fisheries
4 Mechanization Law (AFMech Law of 2013) mandated the Bureau of Agriculture and
5 Fisheries Standards (BAFS) to develop standard specifications and test procedures for
6 agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment.
7
8 The Bureau, in collaboration with the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Engineering
9 (BAFE), concerned Department of Agriculture (DA) Bureaus, and attached agencies,
10 Professional Regulatory Board of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Philippine
11 Society if Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) and University of the Philippines Los Baños –
12 Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (UPLB-AMTEC), embarked on a
13 project entitled “Development of Philippine National Standards/ Philippine
14 Agricultural Engineering Standards for Various Agricultural Machinery”. This project
15 includes the development of Standard for Cacao Roaster.
16
17 Cacao is an important commodity in the world and serves as a good source of income for
18 some farmers in the Philippines. According to statistics, local consumption is at 50,000
19 metric tons (MT) annually, but the supply is only around 10,000 MT annually. With this, the
20 country needs to import from Africa and other distant areas.
21 Roasting is one of the most important step in the production of Philippine Tablea. Variables
22 such as temperature, the degree of roast, the type of roaster used, and a host of other
23 variables are within the Philippine Tablea maker’s control, and all make significant impact
24 on the flavor of the final product. The development of standard specifications and test
25 procedures for cacao roaster is therefore essential to regulate the physical and chemical
26 reaction that occur during roasting by determining the desired of roasting temperature and
27 roasting time.
28
29 This standard specifications shall cover all existing/available cacao grinders in the country.
30 All manufacturers shall conform with the performance criteria stated in this standard.
31
32 This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS Directives Part 3:2003
33 – Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards.
34
35 The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to the standard.
36
37 The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended
38 as particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding others.
39
40
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

41 1 Scope
42 This standard specifies the fabrication and performance requirements for cacao roaster
43 particularly those run by electric motors.
44
45 2 References
46
47 The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this
48 text, constitute provisions of this National Standard:

49 PAES 101:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Technical Means for Ensuring Safety - General
50 PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and Presentation
51 PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Methods of Sampling.
52
53 PNS/BAFS/ PAES __:2017 Agricultural Machinery – Guidelines on After-Sales Service.
54
55 PNS/BAFS/PAES ___:2017 Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster – Methods of Test
56
57 Rule 1074:01 Threshold Limit Values for Noise - Occupational Safety and Health Center,
58 Department of Labor and Employment (2013)
59
60 3 Definitions
61
62 For the purpose of this standard, the following terms shall apply:
63 3.1
64 cacao/ cocoa beans
65 refers to the whole seed which has been fermented and dried
66
67 3.2
68 cacao roaster
69 machine used to roast dried cacao beans
70
71 3.3
72 dry cacao
73 commercial term used to designate cacao beans which are evenly dried and has a moisture
74 content between 6-8%
75
76 3.4
77 heat source
78 supplies heat to the roasting chamber
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

79 3.5
80 roasting
81 heat treatment that produces fundamental chemical and physical changes in the structure
82 and composition of cacao beans and brings about darkening of the beans and the
83 development of the characteristic chocolate flavour and aroma of the roasted cacao beans
84
85 3.6
86 roasted cacao beans
87 product obtained from roasting cacao beans
88
89 3.7
90 roasting efficiency
91 ratio between the total weight of roasted cacao beans collected at the outlet to the total
92 weight of input dry cacao to the machine, expressed in percent
93
94 3.8
95 roasting capacity
96 total amount of roasted cacao beans over the total time the machine is in operation,
97 expressed in kilogram per hour (kg/h)
98
99 3.9
100 batch roaster
101 a type of roaster that roasts a given quantity of dried cacao beans at a given time, with
102 definite start and stop time
103
104 3.10
105 dasher
106 used to stir roasted cacao beans during the cooling process
107
108 4 Classification
109
110 The classification of cacao roaster should be based according to the following:
111
112 4.1 Roasting Mechanism
113
114 4.1.1 Ball roaster
115 It is a traditional way of roasting where balls containing the dried cacao beans are
116 suspended over a fire. The ball is enclosed within a secondary chamber to enable hot air to
117 pass between the ball and the outer chamber wall, and prevent the cacao beans from being
118 over roasted.
119
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129 Figure 1. Ball-type cacao roaster
130
131 4.1.2 Drum or Cylinder roaster
132 The drum or cylinder roaster uses a drum to hold the dried cacao beans to be roasted. As
133 the drum spins, hot gases transfer heat to the drum and then to the cacao beans.
134

135
136 Figure 2. Drum-type cacao roaster
137
138 4.1.2.1 Perforated drum
139 It is a type of drum roaster with drum that is fully perforated on the sides. The hot gas
140 enters the rear of the drum and radially flows outward through the bean-covered and
141 bean-free portions of the drum wall.
142
143 4.1.2.2 Solid drum
144 The hot gas enters the central port at the rear of the roaster and contacts with the dry
145 cacao then flows axially through the length of the roaster and exits to a port at the front of
146 the drum.
147
148 4.2 Heat Source
149
150 4.2.1 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
151 4.2.2 Electricity
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

152 4.2.3 Biomass

153
154 5 Fabrication Requirements
155
156 5.1 Steel bars, metal sheet or plate and mild steel shall be generally used for the
157 manufacture of the different components of the cacao roaster. Parts that are in direct
158 contact to the cacao beans shall be made of corrosion resistant and food grade materials
159 (e.g. stainless steel grade 304, 316) in compliance to the food safety standards.
160
161 5.2 Frame and stand shall be able to support the whole cacao roaster assembly during
162 operation.
163
164 5.3 Cacao roaster shall have a mechanism for adjustment of the temperature, timer and
165 thermostat. Drum type roasters shall have mechanism for the adjustment of the rotational
166 speed.
167
168 5.4 Cacao roaster shall be provided with cooling trays and dasher.
169
170 5.5 There shall be provision for sampling point in the middle of the roasting chamber for
171 checking purposes within the roasting process.
172
173 5.6 Bolts and nuts, screws, bearings, bushing and seals to be used shall conform to the food
174 safety requirements, PAES or other international standards
175
176 6 Performance and Other Requirements
177
178 The cacao roaster when tested shall conform to the following requirements:
179
180 6.1 Roasting capacity shall meet at least 90% of the manufacturer’s specifications.
181
182 6.2 The performance criteria for cacao roaster shall be specified in Table 1.
183
184 Table 1. Performance Criteria for Cacao Roaster
Criteria Performance Data
Roasting Efficiency, percent, minimum 99
Input/Output Capacity, percentage of 90
manufacturer’s specifications, minimum
185
186 6.3 The cacao roaster shall be able to maintain 120-160˚C roasting temperature
187
188 6.4 The noise level shall comply with the requirements of Occupational Safety and Health
189 Center, Department of Labor and Employment depending on the daily duration of
190 operation. (Table 2)
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

191 Table 2. Permissible Noise Exposure*

Duration Per Day, Hours Sound Levels [db(A)], Slow Response
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1-1/2 102
1 105
½ 110
¼ 115
192 * Occupational Safety and Health Center, Department of Labor and Employment (2013)
193
194 7 Safety, Workmanship and Finish
195
196 7.1 Cacao roaster shall be free from any manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to
197 its operation.
198
199 7.2 All metal surfaces shall be free from rust.
200
201 7.3 All moving parts shall be provided with cover or guard.
202
203 7.4 The cacao roaster shall be free from sharp edges and surfaces that may injure the
204 operator. Warning notices shall be provided in accordance with PAES 101:2000-
205 Agricultural Machinery- Technical means for Ensuring Safety- General.
206
207 8 Warranty for Fabrication and Services
208 Warranty against defective materials shall be provided for parts and services except for
209 normal wear and tear of expendable or consumable maintenance parts for at least one (1)
210 year upon the acceptance of the procuring entity. General requirements of the warranty
211 shall conform to PNS/BAFS/PAES 192:2016- Agricultural Machinery- Guidelines on After-
212 Sales Service.
213
214 9 Maintenance and Operation
215
216 9.1 Each unit of cacao roaster shall be provided with a set of manufacturer’s standard tools
217 required for maintenance.
218
219 9.2 Operator’s manual shall be provided. (PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery –
220 Operator’s Manual – Content and Presentation) and the manual should state the
221 warrantable parts of the cacao roaster.
222
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

223 9.3 The cacao roaster shall be easy to clean and operate.
224
225 10 Sampling
226
227 Cacao roaster shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103:2000 – Agricultural
228 Machinery – Methods of Sampling.
229
230 11 Testing
231
232 Cacao roaster shall be tested in accordance with PNS/BAFS/PAES Agricultural Machinery –
233 Cacao Roaster – Methods of Test _____:2017.
234
235 12 Marking and Labeling
236
237 12.1 Each unit of cacao roaster shall be marked at the most visible place with the following
238 information:
239
240 12.1.1 Registered trademark of the manufacturer
241
242 12.1.2 Brand
243
244 12.1.3 Model
245
246 12.1.4 Serial Number
247
248 12.1.5 Name, address and contact number of the manufacturer/importer/distributor
249
250 12.1.6 Country of manufacture/origin (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if
251 manufactured in the country)
252
253 12.1.7 Roasting capacity, kg/h
254
255 12.1.8 Recommended roasting temperature, oC
256
257 12.2 Safety/Precautionary markings shall be provided. It shall be stated in English and
258 Filipino and printed in red color with a white background.
259
260 12.3 The markings shall be durably bonded to the base surface material. The markings
261 shall be all weather resistant and under normal cleaning procedures. It shall not fade,
262 discolor, peel, crack or blister and shall remain legible.
263
264
265
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS/PAES _______:2016
Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster - Specifications
For Finalization Meeting
September 1, 2017

266 13 Bibliography
267
268 PNS 88:2012 Code of Practice for Philippine Tablea
269 International Food Information Service. (2009). IFIS Dictionary of Food Science and
270 Technology. John Wiley & Sons
271 PNS/BAFPS 58:2008 Cacao or Cocoa Beans - Specifications

272 PNS/BAFPS 88:2012 Code of Practice for Philippine Tablea

273 PNS/BAFPS 131:2014 Code of Practice for Prevention and reduction of Ochratoxin A (OTA)
274 contamination in Philippine Tablea
275