Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chem1701 Matthew Francis Assignment2
Chem1701 Matthew Francis Assignment2
You will develop your problem-solving and critical thinking skills by applying your knowledge of basic concepts
to a case study. This is an important skill to develop as it allows you to relate what you are learning to the
everyday world and helps prepare you for future programs and careers in the health care field. As you proceed
through this case study, think about how these questions connect to your other courses and to your future
goals.
Learning Outcomes:
The following course learning outcomes (CLO) and essential employability skills (EES) are addressed
throughout this assignment. The CLO’s and EES can be found in the course outline.
CLO 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
EES 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11
Grading:
This assignment is worth 5% of your final grade.
Points have been attributed to each question.
While you may work in pairs or small groups to complete the assignment, each student must submit
their own original work.
Assignments may be checked for authenticity using TurnItIn software.
Case Study: Mary is a student enrolled in the PHS program at Durham College. She is in her mid-
20’s and has a young son, Andrew. Mary is finishing up her first semester in the PHS program and is
feeling very overwhelmed. She has worked very hard to achieve high grades and plans on applying to
several competitive healthcare programs including Paramedic and Registered Nursing. She is
struggling to picture how she will get through another semester. Her stress levels are at an all time
high and she is struggling to manage the demands of school, caring for her young son and working
part-time 20 hours/week.
Andrew is struggling to fit in at school and is having trouble focusing in class. A pediatrician
diagnosed Andrew with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and has suggested placing Andrew on one of
two medications, Ritalin or Adderall. Mary is very nervous about these medications. However, Mary
plans to research each medication extensively before making any decisions.
Mary has started experiencing panic attacks on a regular basis as a result of the stress and pressures
of her work and personal life. Her doctor has suggested cannabidiol oil (CBD) oil to help with her
anxiety. Mary also struggles with digestive issues and is lactose intolerant.
1. [1 mark] What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate? Show how you determined the chemical
formula.
Calcium = Ca2+
Carbonate = CO32-
Calcium Carbonate = CaCO3
2. [1 mark] Why is calcium carbonate included in toothpaste? What does it do? Include a link to your
source(s). Comment in 1-2 sentences.
Calcium carbonate is added to toothpaste to act as an abrasive which helps to remove plaque
from teeth.
Chem Connection: While Mary considers the chemical formula for calcium carbonate, she is reminded she
has a chemistry test coming up and needs to brush up on some nomenclature.
4. [1 mark] The IUPAC name for the compound with the formula Cl2O5 is:
a. chlorine oxide
b. pentachlorine dioxide
c. dichlorine pentoxide
d. dichloride pentoxide
Dr. Avogadro: Andrew’s pediatrician is Dr. Avogadro. He is a very clever doctor and raises pet moles on the
weekends. On Dr. Avogadro’s advice, Mary starts researching Ritalin and Adderall as potential options to help
manage Andrew’s ADD.
8. [1 mark] Research to find the chemical formula for Ritalin. [HINT: For this question and others, you
may want to revisit this website used in assignment 1: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/]
Source link(s):
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4158
9. [1 mark] Calculate the molar mass of Ritalin. Show all work for full marks.
10. [1 mark] The suggested maximum daily dose of Ritalin is 60 mg/day. Convert this value to grams (g).
60/1000= 0.06g
11. [1 mark] Use your answer from the previous question to determine how many moles are in the
maximum daily dose of Ritalin. Show all work for full marks.
n = m/M
n = 0.06 g / 233 g/mol
n = 0.000257 mol
n= 0.0003 mol (1 SD)
M = 9(C)+13(H)+N
M = 9(12.01 g/mol) + 13(1.01 g/mol) + 14.01
M = 135.23 g/mol
M= 135 g/mol (3 SD)
13. [1 mark] The suggested maximum daily dose of Adderall is 40 mg/day. Convert this value to grams (g).
40/1000 = .04g
14. [1 mark] Use your answer from the previous question to determine how many moles are in the
maximum daily dose of Adderall. Show all work for full marks.
n = m/M
n = 0.04g / 135 g/mol
n = 0.00029 mol
n= 0.0003 mol (1 SD)
Birthday Celebrations: Andrew recently celebrated his birthday and Mary has been eating a lot of ice cream
and cake as part of the celebrations. When Mary consumes a lot of milk products (which contain lactose), her
lactose intolerance starts to bother her. When Mary’s body makes the enzyme lactase, the enzyme does not
fold into the proper shape. Therefore, the enzyme does not work properly and Mary has trouble digesting food
that contains lactose, the substrate for lactase. Mary decides to explore Lactaid, an over the counter
medication that mimics the action of the enzyme lactase.
15. [1 mark] Perform research to find the chemical formula for lactose. Include a link to your source(s).
Source link(s):
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6134
16. [1 mark] In the body, lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose. Research to find the chemical
formulas for glucose and galactose. What do you notice about the chemical formulas for these two
sugars? Include a link to your source(s).
Glucose Galactose
Anxiety: Mary’s doctor has suggested she consider taking bupropion. Bupropion is marketed and sold as
Wellbutrin and Zyban. Mary’s doctor suggested this medication because it will help with both Mary’s anxiety
and may also help Mary stop smoking. Mary has been an occasional smoker her whole life but has recently
increased to about a pack a day as she deals with the pressures of school, work and managing Andrew’s
recent ADD diagnosis.
18. [1 mark] The image below is the chemical structure of bupropion. On the image, circle or highlight the
C - Cl, C = O and N - H bonds.
19. [1 mark per column = 3 marks] Complete the table below for the bonds found in bupropion. For the
delta notation you may use the equation editor/symbols/shapes available in Word or draw by hand,
photograph and insert the image below.
C – Cl C=O N–H
C: 2.5 C: 2.5 N: 3.0
EN value of each element
Cl: 3.0 O: 3.5 H: 2.1
EN difference between
0.5 1 0.9
elements
Bond classification
Polar Polar Polar
[polar, nonpolar, ionic]
+
Delta notation C – Cl- +
C+ = O- -
N – H+
20. [1 mark] You learned in lab that water is a polar molecule and that some B vitamins which are also
polar will dissolve in water. This is called the “like dissolves like” rule. Fat is a non-polar substance.
Would you expect CBD to be fat-soluble or water soluble? Explain your answer in 1-2 sentences.
I would consider CBD to be fat-soluble since both fat and CBD are non-polar. Since “Like
dissolves like”, following this principal, CBD would indeed be fat soluble.
Stress Response: When the body responds to stress, chemical compounds are released which lead to
changes in blood pressure and respiratory rate. One chemical compound released in the body is cortisol.
Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress. Visit
https://www.britannica.com/science/cortisol to learn more about the role of cortisol in the body.
21. [1 mark] The chemical structure of cortisol is very similar to the chemical structure of many other
hormones, including testosterone, the male sex hormone. Research to find the chemical formulas for
cortisol and testosterone. Then, summarize the similarities and differences in the chemical formulas for
each. Include a link to your source(s).
Cortisol Testosterone
Breathalyzer Chemistry: A relaxation technique Mary enjoys is going for evening car rides. Mary has seen a
lot of dangerous and distracted drivers on the roads lately and was recently part of a RIDE checkpoint. At the
checkpoint, Mary saw some drivers receive a roadside breathalyzer test. Mary decides to research more about
the chemistry of how a breathalyzer works.
Inside the breathalyzer, the alcohol in the breath sample (ethanol, C2H5OH) is oxidized by potassium
dichromate (K2Cr2O7). When this happens, a color change occurs that indicates the presence of ethanol. You
can read more about how a breathalyzer works here: https://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-4-alcohol-and-the-
breathalyzer-test/content-how-does-the-breathalyzer-work/
23. [1 mark] Assign oxidation numbers to every atom in the potassium dichromate. Show/explain how you
determined the oxidation numbers. [You may type out your work or write out, photograph and insert the
image].
Alcohol Differences: There are many types of alcohols and you will learn about some of them in semester 2
of chemistry. The alcohol in alcoholic beverages (i.e. wine, liquor and beer) is called ethanol. The chemical
formula of ethanol is C2H5OH. Another kind of alcohol called methanol has a chemical formula of CH3OH.
Methanol is very dangerous in even small doses. Methanol is found in things like antifreeze and windshield
washer fluid.
24. [2 marks] Calculate the molar mass of methanol and ethanol. Show all work for full marks.
Methanol Ethanol
CH3OH C2H5OH
M = C+4(H)+O M = 2(C)+6(H)+O
M = 12.01 g/mol + 4(1.01 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol M = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 6(1.01 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol
M = 32.05 g/mol M = 46.08 g/mol
M = 32.1 g/mol (3 SD) M = 46.1 g/mol (3 SD)
25. [2 marks] Which has a greater mass: 2.5 moles of methanol or 2.5 moles of ethanol? Support your
answer with a calculation or explanation.
m=n*M