10 drops of solution (Pb2+, Hg22+, Ag+)

 Add 6 M HCl
 Test for complete precipitation
 Centrifuge
 Transfer centrifuge to a centrifuge
tube

PA1 CA1 (Cations of Group B-E Group A

 Wash twice with 10 drops of COLD Analysis) 10 drops CC1 (Cations of Group D-E from Group C Analysis) 10 drops
dH2O  Add 6 M NH3 dropwise until neutral • Heat the supernatant to dryness in low heat
 Add 20 drops of dH2O  Add 12 drops of 6 M NH3 using a “PASTEUR • Cool for 5 minutes and then add 6 drops of concentrated
 Heat in boiling water bath for 3 minutes PIPET” HNO3
with constant stirring  Centrifuge and decant supernatant liquid • Heat to dryness again in low heat
 Centrifuge quickly and decant into a centrifuge tube • Cool for 5 minutes
supernatant liquid while HOT in a
• Dissolve the residue in 5 drops of 6M HCl
centrifuge tube.
PB1a • Transfer the solution quantitatively in a centrifuge tube
PA2  Add 10 drops of 6 M NaOH and using dH2O
CB1 (Cations of Groups C-E
 Wash twice with 10 drops of HOT 2 drops of 3% H2O2
 Combine the Group B Analysis) 10 drops
dH2O  Stir thoroughly and allow solution
centrifugates • Add 25 drops of 0.5M
 Add 10 drops of 6 M NH3 to stand for two minutes
 Label as CB2 ammonium oxalate CD1: {Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+}
 Stir and centrifuge  Centrifuge
• Stir thoroughly and centrifuge
 Decant supernatant liquid into a  Decant supernatant liquid to a
centrifuge tube. centrifuge tube CB2
 Heat for 10 minutes in boiling water
1 drop of CD1 1 drop of CD1
bath
CA2 PC1 • Add 6M NH3 until neutral • Add 6M NH3 with stirring until
PA3  Cool the content for two minutes
 Add 3 drops of PB1b • Add 2 drops of 6M acetic basic
HgNH2CL(s), in a cold water bath • Wash with 1 mL dH2O
1 M KI  Add 10 drops of 6 M NaOH and acid to make it slightly acidic •Add 10-15 drops 1%
Hg(s)  Add 6M HCl dropwise until acidic •Transfer quantitatively using
2 drops of 3% H2O2  Add 1M NaHCO3 dropwise until • Add 3-4 drops of 0.1M dimethylglyoxime (DMG)
concentrated HNO3 into a clean
 Stir thoroughly and allow solution neutral PC2 K4Fe(CN)6
evaporating dish
PbI2 AgCl to stand for two minutes  Discard any precipitate K3Co(NO2)6
• Add 5 drops of concentrated HNO3
 Centrifuge
• Heat to dryness under fumehood
 Decant supernatant liquid to a
over low heat Cu2Fe(CN)6 Ni(DMG)2
CA3 centrifuge tube CB4 • Cool for 5 minutes then add 6 drops
 Add 6 M HNO3  Use 2 drops of CB4 of concentrated HNO3 CC2
dropwise with stirring  Add 6M HCl dropwise until acidic • Heat to dryness again
PB2  Add 1 drop of 3% H2O2 while • Add 6 M NH3 dropwise Remainder of CD1
until acidic to litmus • Cool for 5 minutes until basic
 Add 2 ML dH2O, stir and heat for 10 observing closely for a flash of color • Add 6M NH3 until neutral
• Transfer quantitatively using minimal • Add 15 drops of 3 M
minutes in boiling water bath • Add 2 drops of 6M CH3COOH to make it slightly
 Centrifuge amounts of 12M HCl into a centrifuge (NH4)3CO3 acidic
 Decant and discard supernatant tube • Centrifuge • Add 0.2 - 0.3 g solid Na2S2O3
liquid CrO5 • Add 6M KNO2 until precipitate forms
• Heat for 10 minutes in a boiling water bath
 Wash with 2 mL dH2O decomposes • Centrifuge
• Cool for 1 minute by swirling in cold temperature
 Add 10 drops of 6 M HCl quickly • Centrifuge
 Stir, repeat for two minutes CB3
 Discard any precipitate {Bi3+, Mn4+, Fe3+}
Test solution PD1
PC3 Discard CD2
centrifuge •Add 6M NH3 • Add 50 drops of 6M
• Wash with 10 drops of dH2O
dropwise until basic NaOH using Pasteur
• Add 6M CH3COOH dropwise with stirring until
4 drops of CB3 2 drops of CB3 2 drops of CB3 •Add 6-8 drops of 0.1M pipet • Stir and
dissolution (minimal drops)
• Add 2 drops • Add 3 drops • Add 10 drops Na2HPO4 centrifuge
• Add equal number of drops of 6M CH3COOH in
of 3% H2O2 of 0.1 M KSCN of 6 M NaOH •Allow to stand for • Quickly decant
excess
• Add a pinch • Add a pinch several minutes supernatant in a test
• Dilute to 2 mL with dH2O
of solid NaBiO3 of solid SnCl2 •Centrifuge
• Add 5 drops of 0.1M K2CrO4
or a solution of it FeSCN2+ • Centrifuge • Mix and centrifuge
• Centrifuge
MgNH4PO4

Bi CC3
MnO4- PC4
• Add 15M NH3 until basic CD3 PD2
BaCrO4 •Add 6M acetic acid • Wash twice with 10 drops of
• Add 15 drops of 3M (NH4)2CO3
• Centrifuge and discard centrifugate dropwise with stirring until dH2O
• Wash ppt with 10 drops of dH2O slightly acidic • Add 6 drops of 6M HCl
ANIONS (1 drop) • Dissolve ppt using 6M HCl dropwise • Add 4 drops of 0.1M • Stir and centrifuge
Cr-, Br-, I -, CO32-, C2O42-, S2O32-, S2-, • Dilute to 2 mL K4Fe(CN)6(under fumehood) • Quickly decant supernatant
SCN-, PO43-, SO42-, SO32-, NO3-, NO2- • Add 10 drops of 1M (NH4)2SO4 in a test tube
1 drop of 0.1 M AgNO3 1 drop of 0.1 M AgNO3
• Stand for 10 minutes and centrifugate

AgI AgCl Ag2CO3 SO42-,SO32-, SO42-, SO32-, C2O42- Zn2Fe(CN)6 PD4 {NiS, CuS}
AgBr Ag2S2O3 Ag2S Ag2C2O4 Ag2C2O4 Ag3PO4 NO3-, NO2- NO3-, Cl-, ,S2-, S2O32- NO2- FeSCN2+
FePO4
Br- CO32-,I- discard

CC4
• Add 2 drops of 6M NH3 CD4 {Cd2+}
2 drops of 2M HNO3
2 drops of 2M HNO3 2 drops of 2M HNO3
• Add 5 drops of 0.5M
(NH4)2C2O4
PC5
• Centrifuge
SrSO4 3 drops of CD4 3 drops of CD4
• Add 6M NH3 until neutral • Add 6M NH3 until neutral
CO32- C2O42- 1 drop of 0.1 BaCl2
plus 2 drops of •Add 2 drops of 6M •Add 5 drops of 0.2 M
CaC2O4 CH3COOH to make it slightly Na2S
acidic
BaSO4
NO2- NO3- BaSO3 NH 4+ •Add 5 drops of 0.1M
 Put 10 drops of original solution in K4Fe(CN)6
evap dish CdS
Na+ and K+
 place CC1(Grp E)  Make alkaline with 6M NaOH, add
in evap dish 2 more drops Cd2Fe(CN)6
 Evaporate to about  Cover dish with watchglass, on the
1 drop of conc’d H2SO4 1 drop of of 0.1 M 1 drop of of 0.1 M
2 drops underside of which is attached a
 Wrap the tip of the wet red litmus paper the evap dish
NO2- Fe(NO2)+ NO3-
stirring rod with  Warm the solution but do not boil.
cotton then dip it in Uniform (not spotted) change from
the evap dish red to blue color of the litmus
 Place the stirring paper verifies the presence of NH 4+
rod at the side of
the flame