The Functions and Definitions of The External and Internal Parts of

Different Fruits, Flowers, and Seeds

Submitted by Group 6

MEMBERS
Romero, Erin Andrea D.
Rumbaoa Vanessa
Sta. Rosa, Teddie
Suzuki, Kriztine
Tabor, Ian Angelu
Taborada, Khara Tungitte
Tamayo, Paula Nicole

Submitted to: Ma’am Cynthia Mintu

Date submitted: November 4, 2019
INTRODUCTION
This study will discuss the functions and definitions of external and internal
parts of different fruits, flowers and seeds. It includes the following
classifications: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperm, Monocotyledon
and dicotyledon.
Pteridophytes are the ones that do not have any flowers or seeds. Hence
they are also called as Cryptogams. They include ferns and horsetails. In fact,
they can be considered as the first terrestrial vascular plants, showing the
presence of the vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem. They can be found in
mostly in damp and shady places. Most ferns are grown as ornamental plants.
They were originated in the Silurian period and flourished in the Devonian
period. They are known as ‘Vascular cryptogams with vascular system.They
show heteromorphic alternation of generation with prominent Sporophytic and
Gametophytic phases.
Gymnosperms are a group of plants which produce seeds that are not
contained within an ovary or fruit. The seeds are open to the air and are
directly fertiliare a group of plants which produce seeds that are not contained
within an ovary or fruit. The seeds are open to the air and are directly fertilized
by pollination. Gymnosperm from the Greek “gymnos” “naked” and sperma,
“seed”, develop their seeds on the surface of scales and leaves, which often
grow to form cone or stalk shapes, contrasting in characteristics from the
angiosperms, flowering plants which enclose their seeds within an ovary. It
reproduce with an alteration of generations, meaning their reproductive cycle
has both haploid and diploid phases. Angiosperm any of about 300,000
species of flowering plants, the largest and most diverse group within the
kingdom Plantae.
Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all the known green
plants now living. The angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the
ovule is fertilized and develops into a seed in an enclosed hollow ovule. The
ovary itself is usually enclosed in a flower that part of the angiospermous plant
that contains the male or female reproductive organs or both. Fruits are
derived from the maturing floral organs of the angiospermous plant and are
therefore characteristic of angiosperms. By contrast, in gymnosperm this are
the conifer and cycads the other large group of vascular seed plants, the seeds
do not develop enclosed within an ovary but are usually borne exposed on the
surfaces of reproductive structures, such as cones.
Monocotyledon refers to one of two groups of flowering plants, or
“angiosperms.” Most flowering plants are traditionally divided into two different
categories: monocots and dicots. Members of each group tend to share similar
features. Monocots, as the name implies, are defined by having seeds that
contain a single (mono) embryonic leaf known as a cotyledon. This is a
monophyletic group that constitutes a majority of our agricultural biomass and
include many important crop staples including, but not limited to, rice, wheat,
corn, sugar cane, bamboo, onion, and garlic.
Dicotyledon refers to one of two main groups into which flowering plants
angiosperm are categorized. Most flowering plants are traditionally divided into
two different categories: monocots and dicots. Members of each group tend to
share similar features. Dicots, as their name implies, are named for the
number of cotyledons, or embryonic leaves, found in the seed embryo they
have two “di” cotyledons. Unlike monocots, dicots are not a momophyletic
group meaning that the evolutionary history of dicot plants cannot be traced to
a single most common recent ancestor. Instead, a number of lineages
diverged earlier than the monocots did.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

In this paper, these three objectives are needed to be achieved.
1. To classify the fruits, flowers, and seeds as either monocot or dicot.
2. To define and provide the functions of the different internal and external
parts of the flowers, fruits, and seeds.
3. To show the differences between monocots and dicots, and gymnosperms
and angiosperms.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Classifying different fruits, seeds, and flowers as monocots or dicots and
as gymnosperm and angiosperms is important since the binomial classification
of plants adds precision to research about it. Classifying fruits, seeds, and
flowers also gives a description or a basis to the flowers, fruits, and seeds so
that description can be used for comparison in order to find out how these
three differ from each other despite being the in same living thing.
Knowing about the functions and definitions of the different internal and
external parts of the fruits, flowers, and seeds is an important part if botany.
Having knowledge about its parts and functions increases the understanding
of the people on how plants work. The internal and external part functions give
knowledge to the person by knowing which part is which, and and what that
part does.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1.0 Monocotyledon group

None of the given fruits are monocots. Fruits cannot be monocots because
of the characteristics of monocots are not present based on the given plants.
All dicots and monocots are flowering plants, and so are descended from
flower-producing plants. However, the flowers are not always large and showy
the way we expect flowers to be. Flowers that are monocots are often
overlooked because they do not have sepals or petals. Monocots were grass
plants and dicots were more of a fruit. Seed germination of monocots is always
hypogeal. Apart from those characteristics, floral parts of monocots show
multiples of three which is different of dicots. Monocots generally have large,
fleshy seeds. Most fruits are dicots, but monocots are usually known
“narrow-leafed plants”.

Table 2.0 Dicotyledon group

All of the sample specimens are a part of dicotyledon group. Dicotyledon,
byname dicot, any member of the flowering plants, or angiosperms, that has a
pair of leaves, or cotyledons, in the embryo of the seed. There are about
175,000 known species of dicots. Most common garden plants, shrubs and
trees, and broad-leafed flowering plants such as magnolias, roses, geraniums,
and hollyhocks are dicots. Dicots typically also have flower parts (sepals,
petals, stamens, and pistils) based on a plan of four or five, or multiples thereof,
although there are exceptions. The leaves are net-veined in most, which
means the vessels that conduct water and food show a mesh like pattern. In
the stems the vessels are usually arranged in a continuous ring near the
stem surface. About 50 percent of all dicot species are woody; they show an
annual increase in stem diameter as a result of the production of new tissue by
the cambium, a layer of cells that remain capable of division throughout the life
of these plants. Branching of stems is common, as are taproots. The
microscopic pores (stomates) on the leaf surfaces are usually scattered and
are in various orientations. The pollen grains typically have three germinal
furrows or pores (tricolpate condition), except in the more primitive families.

REFERENCES
 Esrek, K. (2012). Monocots Vs Dicots: What You Need To Know.
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 Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms. (n.d.). In Diffen.com. Retrieved from
https://www.diffen.com/difference/Angiosperms_vs_Gymnosperms
 Staughton, J. (2019). Gymnosperms Vs Angiosperms: How Are They
Different?.Retrieved from:
https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/gymnosperms-vs-angiosperm
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 Vishnupriya,R.(n.d.). Pteridophytes: Meaning, General Characters and
Affinities. Retrieved from
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/pteridophytes/pteridophytes-meaning-g
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 https://www.britannica.com/plant/dicotyledon