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Fakultät
Forst-, Geo- und Hydrowissenschaften Fachrichtung Wasserwesen
Institut
für Siedlungs- und Industriewasserwirtschaft Prof. Dr. Peter Krebs
Urban Water ‐ Exercise 10
Waste water treatment – processes and mechanical treatment
Aim of the task is to increase the understanding of wastewater treatment processes and to
dimension parts of the mechanical treatment.
Repetition
What is activated sludge?
How can the hydraulic retention time and the sludge retention time be different?
What is sludge age and why does nitrification require a sludge age of 10 days?
What are sandtrap and primary clarifier, and why is a primary clarifier not always useful?
Tasks
1. Wastewater treatment, biological processes
Please fill out the following table:
process dissolved O2 org. carbon
required ? required ?
Nitrification
Denitrification
Removal of organic
substances
Process: Which substances are transformed into which other substances (only main
substances)? [eg. O2 → O3]
Is dissolved oxygen required for the transformation? [yes/no]
Is organic carbon required for the transformation? [yes/no]
2. Wastewater treatment plant configuration
Draw a wastewater treatment plant without nitrogen elimination with activated sludge
tank, screen, sand trap, secondary clarifier, primary clarifier and sludge treatment with all
flows. Reason the treatment steps and configuration!
Which changes are required if nitrogen should be removed (nitrification and
denitrification)?
Exercise 10 – Waste water treatment – processes and mechanical treatment page 2
3. Parameter and treatment process
In the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant with primary clarifier and nitrogen
removal following data has been derived from various sampling locations.
Table 1: Pollutant concentrations
Parameter 1. 2. 3. 4.
(mg/l)
COD 4320.0 334.0 571.0 36.0
BOD5 2500.0 166.0 237.0 6.0
TSS 4100.0 160.0 370.0 10.0
NH4‐N 2.0 35.0 37.0 0.9
NO3‐N 14.0 0.8 1.4 12.0
Ptotal 135.0 6.0 7.0 0.8
CODfiltrated 40.0 148 135.0 32.0
Please bring the sampling locations in the right order and reason your decision
Inflow WWTP:
Inflow activated sludge tank:
Inflow secondary clarifier:
Outflow secondary clarifier:
4. Grid
Table 2: Typical amount of debris. Values can differ between ‐ 50% to 100 %.
Use interpolation for other bar spacings.
Specific amount,
Bar spacing
Kind of separation not pressed (8 % TSS)
mm
m³/(capita ∙ a)
Coarse screen 50 0.003
Fine screen 15 0.012
Sieve 3 0.022
The wastewater treatment plant of a settlement with 5000 inhabitants has a fine screen
with 10 mm bar spacing. Additionally it has a compactor which dewaters the waste to a
water content of 70 %.
What is the yearly amount of grid waste in tons? Please estimate the possible range of
results.
Exercise 10 – Waste water treatment – processes and mechanical treatment page 3
Homework (8 points)
5. A rectangle sedimentation basin (primary clarifier) will be constructed. It has a height of 4
m and a width of 5 m. The clarifier should be designed for particles with a settling velocity
of 2.5 mm/s. The construction costs for 1 m³ volume are 500 Euro.
In the inflow of the clarifier following values are assumed:
Flow: 2000 m³/h
COD: 600 g/m³
TSS: 360 g/m³
a) Please estimate the construction costs (the sludge funnel can be neglected).
(Solution: 444444 €)
b) Calculate the hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the basin and the pollutant load and
concentration per day of the clarifier effluent. Please use figure 1.
(Part of Solution: COD concentration: 468 g/m³)
Elimination of pollutants
70
TSS
60
50
Elimination in %
40
COD
30
20
TKN
10
0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2
time in h
Figure 1: Efficiency of the primary clarifier depending on the hydraulic residence time
c) Calculate the sludge volume per day if the sludge has a solid content of 4.0 % Vol and a
density of approximately 1 kg/l.
(Solution: for elimination of 43% Æ186 m3/d)