Topic – 1 Linear Programming Problem

(LPP)

Formulation

1. A firm manufactures two types of electric items A and B, which can make a profit of rupees
20 per unit of A and rupees 30 per unit of B. Each unit of A requires 3 motors and 2
transformers and each unit of B requires 2 motors and 4 transformers. The total supply of
these per month is restricted to 210 motors and 300 transformers. Type B is an export
model requiring a voltage stabilizer which has a supply restricted to 65 units per month.
Formulate the linear programming problem to determine maximum profit.

[30, 60; 2400]

2. A firm manufactures two sizes of headache pills A and B. Size A contains 2 grains of aspirin,
5 grains of bicarbonate and 1 grain of codeine; Size B contains 1 grain of aspirin, 8 grains of
bicarbonate and 6 grains of codeine. It has been found by users that it requires atleast 12
grains of aspirin, 74 grains of bicarbonate and 24 grains of codeine for providing the
immediate effects. Formulate the linear programming problem to determine the least
number of pills a patient should have to get immediate relief.

[2, 8; 10]

3. PRODUCT ALLOCATION PROBLEM: A company has three allocation departments (weaving,

processing and packing) with capacity to produce three different types of colthes namely
suitings, shirtings and woollens yielding a profit of Rs. 2, Rs. 4 and Rs. 3 respectively. One
meter of suiting requires 3 minutes in weaving, 2 minutes in processing and 1 minute in
packing. Similarly one meter of shirting requires 4 minutes in weaving, 1 minutes in
processing and 3 minute in packing. One meter of woollen requires 3 minutes in each
department. In a week, total run time of each department is 60, 40 and 80 hours for
weaving, processing and packing respectively.
Formulate the linear programming problem to find the product mix to maximize the profit.

4. A carpenter makes chairs and tables, for which he uses two machines M1 and M2. A chair
require 2 hours of working on M1 and 6 hours of working on M2, while for a table he works
for 4 hours on M1 and 2 hours on M2. If one working day be of 8 hours, represent it as a
linear programming problem. Given that he earns Rs. 30 on each chair and Rs 50 on each
table, which he produces and the shop has 2 machines of type M1 and 3 of type M2.

5. A company is involved in the production of two items (X and Y). The resources need to
produce X and Y are twofold, namely machine time for automatic processing and craftsman
time for hand finishing. The table below gives the number of minutes required for each item:

Machine time Craftsman time

Item X 13 20

Y 19 29

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 The company has 40 hours of machine time available in the next working week but only 35
hours of craftsman time. Machine time is costed at £10 per hour worked and craftsman time
is costed at £2 per hour worked. Both machine and craftsman idle times incur no costs. The
revenue received for each item produced (all production is sold) is £20 for X and £30 for Y.
The company has a specific contract to produce 10 items of X per week for a particular
customer.
(a) Formulate the problem of deciding how much to produce per week as a linear program.
(b) Solve this linear program graphically

6. A firm is engaged in producing two products, A and B. each unit of product A requires 2 kg of
raw materials and 4 labour hours for processing, whereas each unit of B requires 3 kg of raw
materials and 3 hours of labour, of the same type. Every week, the firm has an availability of
60 kg of raw material and 96 labour hours. One unit of product A sold yields Rs 40 and one
unit of product B yields Rs 35 as profit.
Formulate this problem as a linear programming problem to determine as to how many
units of each of the products should be produced per week so that the firm can earn
maximum profit. Assume that there is no marketing constraints so that all the items
produced can be sold.
7. The Agricultural Research Institute suggested to a farmer to spread out atleast 4800 kg of a
special phosphate fertilizer and not less than 7200 kg of a special nitrogen fertilizer to raise
productivity of crops in his fields. There are two sourses of obtaining these mixuters A and B.
both of these are available in bags weighing 100 kg each and they cost Rs 40 and Rs 24
respectively. Mixture A contains phosphate and nitrogen equivalent of 20 kg and 80 kg
respectively, while mixture B contains these ingredients equivalent to 50 kg each.
Write this as a LPP to determine how many bags of each type the farmer should buy in order
to obtain the required fertilizer at minimum cost.
8. DIET PROBLEM: A diet is being prepared for the University of Health Management. The
objective is to feed the students at the least cost, but the diet must have between 1,800 and
3,600 calories. No more than 1,400 calories can be starch, and no fewer than 400 can be
protein. The varied diet is to be made of two foods: A and B . Food A costs $0.75 per pound
and contains 600 calories, 400 of which are protein and 200 starch. No more than two
pounds of food A can be used per resident. Food B costs $0.15 per pound and contains 900
calories, of which 700 are starch, 100 are protein, and 100 are fat.

a. Write the equations representing this information.

b. Solve the problem graphically for the amounts of each food that should be used.

9. Do Problem 3 with the added constraint that not more than 150 calories shall be fat and that
the price of food has escalated to $1.75 per pound for food A and $2.50 per pound for food
B.
10. MARKETING PROBLEM: The PQR stone company sells stone secured from any of
the three adjacent quarries. The stone sold by the company must conform to the
following specifications:
Material X equal to 30 %; material Y equal to or less than 40 % and material Z
between 30 % and 40 %.

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 Stone from quarry A costs Rs. 100 per tonne and has the following properties:
Material X : 20 %; material Y : 60 % and material Z : 20 %
Stone from quarry B costs Rs. 120 per tonne and has the following properties:
Material X : 40 %; material Y : 30 % and material Z : 30 %
Stone from quarry C costs Rs. 150 per tonne and has the following properties:
Material X : 10 %; material Y : 40 % and material Z : 50 %
Formulate the above LPP to minimise cost per tonne.
11. INVESTMENT PROBLEM: A retired person wants to invest up to an amount of Rs.
30,000 in fixed income securities. His broker recommends investing in two bonds:
Bond A yielding 7 % and bond B yielding 10 %. After some consideration, he decides
to invest at most Rs 12,000 in bond B and at least Rs 6,000 in Bond A. he also wants
the amount invested in Bond A to be at least equal to the amount invested in Bond B.
what should the broker recommend if the investor wants to maximize his return on
investment? Solve graphically.
12. MEDIA PROBLEM: The marketing Department of Everest Company has collected
information on the problem of advertising for its products. This relates to the
advertising media available, the number of families expected to be reached with each
alternative, cost per advertisement, the maximum availability of each medium and the
expected exposure of each one (measured as the relative value of one advertisement in
each of the media).
The information is given as under:
Maximum Expected
No. of families Cost/ad. exposure
Advertising media availability
to cover (Rs) (units)
(no. of times)

3000 8000 8 80
TV (30 sec.)
7000 3000 30 20
Radio (15 sec.)

Sunday edition (1/4 5000 4000 4 50

page)
2000 3000 2 60
Magazine (1 page)

Other information and requirements:

 The advertising budget is Rs. 70,000
 Atleast 40,000 families should be covered.
 At least 2 insertions be given in Sunday Edition but not more than 4
advertisements should be given on the TV.
Formulate this as a LPP. The company’s objective is to maximize the expected
exposure.
13. A company makes two kinds of leather belts. Belt A is a high quality belt, and belt B
is of lower quality. The respective profits are Rs 4 and Rs 3 per belt. Each belt of type
A requires twice as much time as a belt of type B, and if all belts were of type B, the

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 company could make 1000 belts per day. The supply of leather is sufficient for inly
800 belts per day (both A and B combined). Belt A requires a fancy buckle and only
400 buckles per day are available. There are only 700 buckles a day available for belt
B. determine the optimal product mix.
14. Old hens can be bought for RS. 2 each and young one Rs 5 each. The old hens lay 3
eggs per week and young ones, 5 per week, each being worth 30 paisa. A hen costs Re
1 per week to feed. If I have only Rs. 80 to spend for hens, how many of each king
should I buy, assuming that I cannot house more than 20 hens, assuming that I can not
house more than 20 hens. Write a mathematical model of the problem.
15. Designing a diet - A dietician wants to design a breakfast menu for certain hospital
patients. The menu is to include two items A and B. Suppose that each ounce of A
provides 2 units of vitamin C and 2 units of iron and each ounce of B provides 1 unit
of vitamin C and 2 units of iron. Suppose the cost of A is 4¢/ounce and the cost of B
is 3¢/ounce. If the breakfast menu must provide at least 8 units of vitamin C and 10
units of iron, how many ounces of each item should be provided in order to meet the
iron and vitamin C requirements for the least cost? What will this breakfast cost?
16. Bicycle factories - A small business makes 3-speed and 10-speed bicycles at two
different factories. Factory A produces 16 3-speed and 20 10-speed bikes in one day
while factory B produces 12 3-speed and 20 10-speed bikes daily. It costs $1000/day
to operate factory A and $800/day to operate factory B. An order for 96 3-speed bikes
and 140 10-speed bikes has just arrived. How many days should each factory is
operated in order to fill this order at a minimum cost? What is the minimum cost?
17. Michigan Polar Products makes downhill and cross-country skis. A pair of downhill
skis requires 2 man-hours for cutting, 1 man-hour for shaping and 3 man-hours for
finishing while a pair of cross-country skis requires 2 man-hours for cutting, 2 man-
hours for shaping and 1 man-hour for finishing. Each day the company has available
140 man-hours for cutting, 120 man-hours for shaping and 150 man-hours for
finishing. How many pairs of each type of ski should the company manufacture each
day in order to maximize profit if a pair of downhill skis yields a profit of $10 and a
pair of cross-country skis yields a profit of $8?
18. A biscuit manufacturing company plans to produce two types of biscuits, one with a
round shape and another with a square shape. The following resources are used in
manufacturing the biscuits, (i) Raw material, of which daily availability is 150 kg. (ii)
Machinery, of which daily availability is 25 machine hours. (iii) Labour, of which
daily availability is 40 man-hours. The resources used are shown in Table 1. If the
unit profit of round and square biscuits is Rs 3.00 and Rs 2.00 respectively, how many
round and square biscuits should be produced to maximize total profit ?
Table 4.1: Resources Used
Requirement / unit Daily
Resources Round Square availability

100 115 1500 gms

Raw material
10 12 720 min
Machine
3 2 240 min
Man-power

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 19. Rahul Ads, an advertising company is planning a promotional campaign for the
client's product, i.e., sunglasses. The client is willing to spend Rs. 5 lakhs. It was
decided to limit the campaign media to a weekly magazine, a daily newspaper and TV
advertisement. The product is targeted at middle-aged men and women, and the following
data was collected (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Data Collected

Expected
Cost per advertisement viewers
Media

30000 115000
Weekly magazine
45000 205000
Daily newspaper
125000 700000
TV ad

The client is interested to spend only Rs. 1 lakh on the ads in the weekly magazine which
expecting a viewership of a minimum of 21 lakh people in the case of the television
advertising. Maximize the viewers to the advertisements.

Lpp by lingo - http://www.utdallas.edu/~scniu/OPRE-6201/documents/LP2-

LP_Examples.html

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