Mass = 262.4g or .

2624kg
Time = .84 seconds

Initial Height = 3.528m off the ground

Dx=v0t+ ½at2
Dx= 0 + ½ (-10) (.84)2
Dx=-3.528m

Final velocity = -8.4 m/s The formula used to find height

vf = v0 + at is to find the change in height at
vf = 0 + (-10) (.84) a time so the total height (3.528)
vf = -8.4 m/s is added to the change in height
to find the height at that time.
Energy Intervals
Time Velocity (m/s) Height (m) Potential Energy (J) Kinetic Energy (J) Mechanical Energy (J)
(s) vf = v0 + at Dx=v0t+ ½at2 PE=mgh KE=½mv2 ME=PE+KE
0 0(-10)=0 ½(-10)(0)2=0 (.2624)(10)(3.528) ½(.2624)(0)2 9.257+0
3.528+0= 3.528 =9.257 =0 =9.257
.28 .28(-10)=-2.8 ½(-10)(.28)2=-0.392 (.2624)(10)(3.136) ½(.2624)(-2.8)2 8.229+1.028
3.528+-0.392= 3.136 =8.229 =1.028 =9.257
.56 .56(-10)=-5.6 ½(-10)(.56)2=-1.568 (.2624)(10)(1.96) ½(.2624)(-5.6)2 5.143+4.114
3.528+-1.568= 1.96 =5.143 =4.114 =9.257
.84 .84(-10)=-8.4 ½(-10)(.84)2=-3.528 (.2624)(10)(0) ½(.2624)(-8.4)2 0+9.257
3.528+-3.528= 0 =0** =9.257 =9.257
**The PE at impact is technically going to be a very small number but for calculation purposes
we assume it is zero.
Conservation of energy to find final velocity
MEi=MEf or KEi+PEi=KEf+PEf or ½mvi2+mghi=½mvf2+mghf
½(.2624)(0)2+(.2624)(10)(3.528)=½(.2624)vf2+(.2624)(10)(0)
9.25747=.1312 vf2
".$%&'&
vf=√ .()($
vf= 8.4 m/s downwards or -8.4 m/s

Momentum
P=mv Final velocity is used to find The egg and helmet have the
P=.2624(-8.4) momentum because it is the same momentum; however,
P= -2.20416 kg m/s momentum of the collision they have differing impulses.
Impulse with the ground and at the This is because the helmet’s
DP=FDt moment of collision the purpose was to reduce the
DP=(ma) Dt velocity is the final velocity. force of impact of the egg. The
DP=(.2624)(-10)(.84) difference in force of impact
causes the impulse of the egg
DP=-2.20416 Ns
to be smaller than the helmets.
Free Body Diagrams

Free fall At rest on the ground

Air resistance force Normal force aka the force exerted
(less than gravity unless at by the ground on the helmet
terminal velocity) (equal to gravity/weight
force)

Gravity force/weight force Gravity force/weight force

Mathematical concepts to create a solution to this problem

• Linear Algebra- help solve equations for a single variable
• PEMDAS – help solve equations
• Geometric modeling – used to create the free fall diagrams
Math formulas required to test our design
• Vf=Vo + at
• Δx= V0t = ½ at2
• PE=mgh
• KE= ½ mv2
• ME= PE + KE
• ½ mvi2 + mghi = ½ mvf2 + mghf
• P=mv
• DP=FDt
Science and Engineering
1. What are the science concepts required to create a solution to this
problem?
• Gravity
• Free fall
• Impact force
• Newton’s Law of Inertia
• Shock absorption
• Conservation of energy
• Forces
• Engineering process
• Scientific method
2. Diagram, sketch, or schematic of your design at each stage.
Prototype
Tape to shut the box

6-sided box made of scantron paper

Thin strips of scantron paper

folded accordion style

Drop 1
 Drop 2

3. Generate at least three designs or redesigned that you made.

• We added scantron rings onto the outside of the box to act as shock absorbers when it
landed on them
• We added more folded scantrons into the box to add extra cushion for the egg to allow
it to move but not enough to break/concuss
• We added a rubber band to keep the box closed as extra support
• We added cotton to the top of the inside to provide more cushioning
• We added another egg carton to provide more stability to the egg
4. List of materials
• Cardboard
• Popsicle sticks
• Hot glue
• Tape
• String
• Rubber band
• Egg carton
• Plastic wrap
• T-shirt
• Cotton
5. Explain how your design features worked
Most of our design features were used as shock absorbers. The T-shirt at the bottom of
the box created a padding that would help increase the time of impact for the egg,
ultimately decreasing the force of impact. It gave stability to the egg and didn’t allow it
to just roll around but while gave a little give during impact, which increased time of
impact. The accordion-folded pieces of scantron and cotton (drop 2) in the box acted as
 a stuffing to keep the egg in place, but they also increased time of impact by acting as
cushioning during collision. The cardboard, egg carton, and popsicle sticks provided
stability and structure to the egg, decreasing the amount of recoil the egg experienced
during collision. The plastic wrap on top of the box allowed for the egg to be seen, even
when the box was closed. In drop 2, the scantron rings on the outside of the box were
solely used as shock absorbers. When the box was dropped they decreased the time of
impact by cushioning the collision. We also added another egg carton on top of the egg
to provide more stability in the drop 2 design.
6. Did your design work? Egg cracked, 5g indicator, 15g indicator.
The first design didn’t crack the egg however it did set off the 15g indicator, indicating
the egg suffered a concussion. The second drop was successful in preventing both
cracking and a concussion (it didn’t set off the 5g indicator).
7. Based on your tests, propose refinements to the design and construction
of the problem solution in the space below. Include pictures of your
improved design.
The design could have been improved by decreasing the mass. The lighter an object is
the less its momentum and impulse are. With a smaller mass we could have prevented
the need for so many different shock absorbers. According to the momentum formula,
the lighter the object the slower the velocity, leading to a smaller force of impact.
However, a lighter mass would not be as effective as shock absorbers in preventing
concussions in a real-life scenario such as a football tackle.