34/5-1 34/5-2

Chapters 34 & 35 Hithpael Hithpael is Often the Reflexive of the Piel

Meaning of the Hithpael
Active Passive Reflexive

Spelling Hithpael Strong Verbs
Simple Qal Niphal Niphal

Parsing Practice – Hithpael ‫קטל‬
“He is holy”

Spelling Complications in the Hithpael

Hithpolel and Hishtaphel Cause Piel Pual Hithpael
a state “He made “He was caused “He made
something holy” to be holy” himself holy”
Cause Hiphil Hophal
an action

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34/5-3 34/5-4
Hithpael Has a Variety of Meanings Chapters 34 & 35 Hithpael

Reflexive
Meaning of the Hithpael
– ‫קדׁש‬ Qal ‘to be holy’
Spelling Hithpael Strong Verbs
Piel ‘to sanctify’ Hithpael ‘to sanctify oneself’

Parsing Practice – Hithpael ‫קטל‬

Reciprocal
– ‫ראה‬ Qal ‘to see’ Hithpael ‘to look at one another’
Spelling Complications in the Hithpael

Iterative or lifestyle
Hithpolel and Hishtaphel
– ‫הלך‬ Qal ‘to walk’ Hithpael ‘to walk back & forth’
Piel ‘to go’ Hithpael ‘to walk’ (way of life)

Simple active, like the Qal
– ‫פלל‬ Hithpael ‘to pray’

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 Hithpael verbs begin ּ 
ַ ‫ִה ְת‬
34/5-5 34/5-6
Hithpael Parsing code tD

Hithpael verbs have preformative ‫ִה ְת‬
‫( ִה ְתּפַ ּ ֵעל‬tDP3ms if ‫ ע‬could take Dagesh)
hithpa‘‘ēl = *‫ל‬
– ‫ ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDP3ms or tDM2ms or tD∞ or tDA
Consistently begin ּ 
ַ ‫ ִה ְת‬, etc.
– ‫ ִה ְתקַ ְּטלּו‬tDP3cp or tDM2mp – ‫ ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDP3ms or tDM2ms or tD∞ or tDA

Imperfect and Participle substitute ‫מ‬/‫נ‬/‫א‬/‫ת‬/‫ י‬for ‫ה‬ – ‫ יִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI3ms
just like in the Hiphil and Hophal – ‫ ִּת ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI(3f/2m)s

– ‫יִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ tDI3ms – ‫ אֶ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI1cs (ְ ‫ אֶ ְת  ִא‬like Q and N)
– ‫ נִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI1cp
– ‫ ִּת ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI(3f/2m)s
– ‫ ִמ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDPtMS
– ‫אֶ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ tDI1cs

Note the Dagesh Forte in R2
– ‫נִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ tDI1cp
– Like the D and Dp.
– ‫ ִמ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDPtMS
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– That is why it is called the tD stem (or HtD)
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34/5-7 34/5-8
Hithpael Stem Vowel Pattern Ē[A] ~ Ē Preformative is Enough to Identify tD Stem
– ‫ ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDP3ms or tDM2ms or tD∞ or tDA ‫ ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDP3ms or tDM2ms or tD∞ or tDA
– ָ‫ ִה ְתקַ  ַּט ְלּת‬tDP2ms (note the A vowel 
ַ ) ָ‫ ִה ְתקַ  ַּט ְלּת‬tDP2ms
– ‫ ִה ְתקַ  ַּט ְל ִּתי‬tDP1cs (note the A vowel 
ַ ) ‫ ִה ְתקַ  ַּט ְל ִּתי‬tDP1cs
– ‫ יִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI3ms ‫ יִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI3ms
– ‫ ִּת ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI(3f/2m)s ‫ ִּת ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI(3f/2m)s
– ‫ אֶ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI1cs (ְ ‫ אֶ ְת  ִא‬like Q and N) ‫ אֶ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI1cs (ְ ‫ אֶ ְת  ִא‬like Q and N)
– ‫ נִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI1cp ‫ נִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDI1cp
– ‫ ִמ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDPtMS ‫ ִמ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tDPtMS

Only 2 tDI(2/3)fp in the Bible:  ‫ִ!ּת ְתעַ ּלַ ְפנָה & ִּת ְׁשּתַ ּפֵ  ְכ ָנה‬
– So could say VS = Ē[A] ~ Ē(A)
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 34/5-9 34/5-10
Hithpael Strong Verb Summary Chapters 34 & 35 Hithpael

Parsing code tD
Meaning of the Hithpael

Begins ּ 
ַ ‫ ִה ְת‬/ ּ 
ַ ‫ יִ ְת‬/ ּ 
ַ ‫ ִמ ְת‬/ etc.
Spelling Hithpael Strong Verbs

Like the Piel
Parsing Practice – Hithpael ‫קטל‬
– Dagesh Forte in R2
Spelling Complications in the Hithpael
– VS = Ē[A] ~ Ē
Hithpolel and Hishtaphel

‫ = ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tD ( P3ms / M2ms / ∞ / A)

‫ = ִה ְתקַ ְּטלּו‬tD ( P3cp / M2mp )

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34/5-11 34/5-12
Hithpael ‫ קטל‬Parsing Practice Chapters 34 & 35 Hithpael
1. ‫ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ ‫ קטל‬tD ( P3ms / M2ms / ∞ / A )
Meaning of the Hithpael
2. ָ‫ִה ְתקַ  ַּט ְלּת‬ ‫ קטל‬tDP2ms
Spelling Hithpael Strong Verbs
3. ‫ִה ְתקַ  ַּט ְל ִּתי‬ ‫ קטל‬tDP1cs
Parsing Practice – Hithpael ‫קטל‬
4. ‫ִה ְתקַ ְּטלּו‬ ‫ קטל‬tD ( P3cp / M2mp )
Spelling Complications in the Hithpael
5. ‫ִה ְתקַ ְּט ִלי‬ ‫ קטל‬tDM2fs
Hithpolel and Hishtaphel
6. ‫יִ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ ‫ קטל‬tDI3ms
7. ‫ִּת ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ ‫ קטל‬tDI(3f/2m)s
8. ‫ִמ ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬ ‫ קטל‬tDPtMS
9. ‫ִמ ְתקַ  ֶּטלֶ ת‬ ‫ קטל‬tDPtFS
10. ‫ִמ ְתקַ ְּט ִלים‬ ‫ קטל‬tDPtMP
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 Preformative ‫ ְת‬switches with R1 = ‘S’ Letters
34/5-13 34/5-14
tD Stem Can Lose Dagesh Forte in R2

May lose if R2 is SQiN eM LeVY consonant with shewa
Sounds can switch places:
– SQiN eM LeVY = ‫ׁשׂשצס קנמלוי‬ – E.g., Aks vs. Ask
– ‫ִה ְתׁשַ ְמ ָרה  ִה ְתׁשַ ְּמ ָרה‬ tDP3fs of ‫ׁשמר‬ – E.g., Comf-ter-ble vs. Comfortable

If R1 = ‫( ׁש ׂש ס צ‬the S letters of SQiN eM LeVY)

‫)אעהח‬ ‫)ר‬
‫ אעהח‬or Resh (‫ר‬
Will lose if R2 is a Guttural (‫אעהח‬ – Preformative ‫ ת‬switches places with R1
– *‫ִה ְת ַנחֵ ם  ִה ְת ַנ ּ ֵחם‬ tDP3ms of ‫נחם‬ – ‫ׂשכר‬ *‫ִה ְׂשּתַ ּכֵ ר  ִה ְתׂשַ ּכֵ ר‬

‫ עהח‬usually no compensatory lengthening – ‫ׁשמר‬ *‫ִה ְׁשּתַ ּמֵ ר  ִה ְתׁשַ ּמֵ ר‬
– *,+ֵ ַ‫  ִה ְתּב‬,‫ִה ְתּבָ ֵר‬ tDP3ms of ‫ברך‬ – ‫סתר‬ *‫ִה ְסּתַ ּתֵ ר  ִה ְתסַ ּתֵ ר‬

‫ אר‬usually compensatory lengthening ּ 
ַ  
ָ – ‫צדק‬ *‫ִה ְצטַ ֵּדך  ִה ְצּתַ ֵּדך  ִה ְתצַ ֵּדק‬

‫ ט  ת‬when switching places with ‫( צ‬3x in Bible)
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Preformative ‫ ְת‬Assimilates into ‘Dental’ Letters

34/5-15 34/5-16
What to Memorize for the Hithpael

Parsing code tD

If R1 = ‫ת ט ד ז‬,
‫ ת‬Preformative ‫  ְת‬Dagesh Forte in R1

Begins ּ  ַ ‫ ִה ְת‬/ ּ 
ַ ‫ יִ ְת‬/ ּ 
ַ ‫ ִמ ְת‬/ etc.
– ‫דבר‬ ‫ִה ַּדּבֵ ר  ִה ְת ַּדּבֵ ר‬
*‫ר‬

Like the Piel
– ‫טמא‬ *‫ִהּטַ ּמֵ א  ִה ְתטַ ּמֵ א‬
.

– Dagesh Forte in R2

Lost if 2GR and maybe if SQiN eM LeVY +Shewa

Pathach distinguishes this from Niphal preformative 

ָ ּ ‫ִה‬ – VS = Ē[A] ~ Ē
– ‫ ִה ַּדּבֵ ר‬tDP3ms
‫ = ִה ְתקַ ּטֵ ל‬tD ( P3ms / M2ms / ∞ / A)
– ‫ ִה ָּדבֵ ר‬NM2ms
‫ = ִה ְתקַ ְּטלּו‬tD ( P3cp / M2mp )

Preformative ‫ְת‬
– Switches places with R1 if R1 = ‫ׁש ׂש ס צ‬

The ‘S’ letters in SQiN ‘eM LeVY

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– Assimilates to R1 if R1 = ‫ת ט ד ז‬ HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 2/22/2014 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA
 34/5-17 34/5-18
Chapters 34 & 35 Hithpael Hithpolel is tD of some Biconsonantal and Geminate Verbs

Meaning of the Hithpael
Like normal tD, but Reduplicate R3, and V1 = 1

Spelling Hithpael Strong Verbs – ‫רּום‬ ‫מֵ ם‬1‫ִה ְתר‬ Hithpolel (P3ms/M2ms/∞/A)

Parsing Practice – Hithpael ‫קטל‬ – ‫רּום‬ ‫מֵ ם‬1‫יִ ְתר‬ Hithpolel I3ms

Spelling Complications in the Hithpael
Some Geminate Verbs use this pattern too.

Hithpolel and Hishtaphel
Same meaning as normal tD, just a different spelling.

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34/5-19 34/5-20
The Hishtaphel Stem is for 1 Important Word Alone

‫ חוה‬is the only verb that occurs in the Hishtaphel stem.

‫ חוה‬occurs only in the Hishtaphel.

To prostrate oneself in worship or submission: ‘At the feet There are separate videos
of the king … I fall seven times, forwards and backwards.’ of the workbook parsing

‫חוָה‬
ֲ ַ‫ חוה = ִה ְׁשּת‬HstP3ms ‘he worshipped’ for chapters 34 and 35

‫חוֶה‬
ֲ ַ‫ חוה = יִ ְׁשּת‬HstI3ms ‘he will worship’

‫חוּו‬
ֲ ַ‫ חוה = ִה ְׁשּת‬Hst(P3cp/M2mp)

‫ת‬1‫ח‬
ֲ ַ‫ חוה = ִה ְׁשּת‬Hst∞ ‘to worship’

‫חוֶה‬
ֲ ַ‫ חוה = ִמ ְׁשּת‬HstPtMS
‘worshipping’
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