Au + B T p = f,
Bu = 0,

            

   
BA−1 B T p = BA−1 f.
         BA−1 B T   

A BT u = f

B 0 p 0

A−1  
      
    
  
      BB T   

   



 BB T       
 
kernel(B T ) = 0,   B T  n × m
kernel(B T ) = 0    B T   m      
max (Bv, p) = max (v, B T p) > 0, ∀p.
v v

           

      
!     
(∇ · vh , qh )
max > 0. "#$%
v∈Vh vh Vh qh Qh

&      '       

       

      ' 
       (       
       h
    
Ah BhT uh fh
=
Bh 0 ph 0

$
    "#$%     
    
   
  h → 0          
   ))''       BB T  
 '  h 
&      

   
(∇ · v, q)
inf sup ≥ γ > 0. "##%
q∈Qh v∈Vh vVh qQh

     ))''    !      

   ! 
u − uh 1 + p − ph 0 ≤ Chk uk+1 + Dh+1 p+1

  k      

     !    
    
    

              


                     
                      
                a(·, ·)
a(uh , vh ) ≤ C1 uh Vh vh Vh , ∀uh , vh ∈ Vh ,

    a(·, ·)
a(uh , vh ) ≥ C2 uh 2Vh , ∀uh ∈ Vh ,

       b(·, ·)

b(uh , qh ) ≤ C3 uh Vh qh Qh , ∀uh ∈ Vh , qh ∈ Qh .

  


  
  
&         
   

v : Ni = avi + bvi x + cvi y + dvi xy + evi x2 + fiv y 2
p : Li = api + bpi x + cpi y

              #$

        
          
         


#
  #$* 
&*     v    p

  
  
        
   
v : Ni = avi + bvi x + cvi y
p : Li = api

  v                p

           !  
))''          ##  
         

 ##* +',-*      v  
  p

  

 
 !
! " P1 − P0 # 

(                   
   v       #.       "   P1 − P0
   %       !        
 
$  %  
          
      

                 

v  p   
          ,  
 v    ,        #/

.
  #.* P1 − P0 *     v

 #0* P1 − P0 *     p

 #/* 1*        v

 
 



( 
Au + B T p = f
Bu = 0

  
Au + B T p = f
Bu − Dp = d

        
        
' 2     
  '   
3    u
    p '  u            
  
  !   A−1    '
u = A−1 f − A−1 B T p
Bu = BA−1 f − BA−1 B T p = d + Dp
(BA−1 B T + D)p = BA−1 f − d

(BA−1 B T + D)     D      D 

BA−1 B T   BA−1 B T    ! 

0
 '  p      !        
 p          ,  p    !
  
p = (−D)−1 (d − Bu)
⇓
T −1
Au + B (−D) (d − Bu) = f
1
(A + B T D−1 B)u = f + D−1 d

(A + 1 B T D−1 B)     A     B T D−1 B  


 


  

 '    '    
$ ∇ · v = Δp   ' 1    
 "   4 %
# ∇ · v = −p  
  

     5 
 
   & 6 
. ∂t 
∇· = − ∂p 7!  
 7      
   
    & 6 
(         D  
$ D=A

# D=M

. D= 1
Δt M

  A    4 , "   %  M    

,
7       ,
     

    '    
      
         
   
   )
)''     
   !  
 
 
  
       

))''    
 &     
     


  ))'' 
(              
 
    ,   8&  6  ) 9:;