SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS

Part 1
Force of the Fan Cart = weight of the pan + weight added = 0.392 Newtons
Force of the Fan Cart = (0.005 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 ) + (0.035 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 ) = 0.392 𝑁
Trial 1: Trial 3:

𝑠 = 0.3 𝑚 𝑠 = 0.5 𝑚
𝑡 = 0.4277 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 = 0.6999 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑠 = (0.392 𝑁)(0.3 𝑚) = 0.1176 𝐽 𝑊 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑠 = (0.392 𝑁)(0.5 𝑚) = 0.196 𝐽
𝑊 0.1176 𝐽 𝑊 0.196 𝐽
𝑃= = = 0.2750 𝑊 𝑃= = = 0.2800 𝑊
𝑡 0.4277 𝑠 𝑡 0.6999 𝑠
Trial 2: Trial 4:
𝑠 = 0.4 𝑚 𝑠 = 0.6𝑚
𝑡 = 0.5381 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 = 0.8783 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑠 = (0.392 𝑁)(0.4 𝑚) = 0.1568 𝐽 𝑊 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑠 = (0.392 𝑁)(0.6 𝑚) = 0.2352 𝐽
𝑊 0.1568 𝐽 𝑊 0.2352 𝐽
𝑃= = = 0.2914 𝑊 𝑃= = = 0.2678 𝑊
𝑡 0.5381 𝑠 𝑡 0.8783 𝑠

Part 2
Length of the string, L = 0.2921 m

Weight of mass, w = (0.3 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ) = 2.94 𝑁

Initial height, ho = 0.1422 m
Trial 1:
hf = 0.2311 m
F = 1.8 N 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
= (0.1422)(9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 )(0.0889) = 0.1239 𝐽
Θ = 45°
h = 0.0889 m

𝑊 = (2.94 𝑁)(0.2921 𝑚)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°)

= 0.2515 𝐽
Trial 2:
hf = 0.2743 m
F = 2.3 N
Θ = 50°
h = 0.1321 m
𝑊 = (2.94 𝑁)(0.2921 𝑚)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠50°) = 0.3068 𝐽
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = (0.1422)(9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 )(0.1321) = 0.1841 𝐽
Trial 3:
hf = 0.3251 m
F = 4.1 N
Θ = 55°
h = 0.1829 m

𝑊 = (2.94 𝑁)(0.2921 𝑚)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠55°) = 0.3662 𝐽

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = (0.1422)(9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 )(0.1829) = 0.2549 𝐽
Trial 4:
hf = 0.3277 m
F = 4.3 N
Θ = 60°
h = 0.1855 m
𝑊 = (2.94 𝑁)(0.2921 𝑚)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠60°) = 0.4294 𝐽
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = (0.1422)(9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 )(0.1855) = 0.2585 𝐽
GUIDE QUESTIONS
Part 1.
1. In part 1, should the work done be increasing every trial? Explain.
In theory, work is directly proportional to the displacement of the body which means
that as the displacement of the object increases, the amount of work that was applied
also increases. This phenomenon also occurs when the displacement decreases, the
amount of work also decreases. As the procedure indicated in the laboratory manual, it
did not specify if you are to increase or decrease the varying distance every trial. Hence,
the work done should depend if its increasing/decreasing on the displacement used by
the group.
2. In part 1, should the power expanded be increasing every trial? Explain.
According to the theory, the formula for power is work divided by time. As the
displacement every trial increase, the work applied to the body also increases. And at
the same time, the amount of time the object travelled from the starting point to the
end point also increases. After calculating the data from these formulas, a decrease on
the power expanded every trial was observed.

Part 2.
1. In Figure 6, why is it incorrect to calculate the work done by multiplying the spring
balance reading F and the horizontal displacement x?
Multiplying the spring balance reading F and the horizontal displacement x is incorrect
because in the part 2 of the experiment, the procedure created a curved path where the
amount of force along its displacement varies because of the force of gravity that is to
be transferred along the curved path.
ANALYSIS
1. In Table 1, is the work done by the fan cart constant? Why or why not?
The work done by the fan cart does not remain constant because in every trial, the
distance that the fan cart has to travel increases. And the theory stated that work is to
be multiplied to the force exerted by the object and the distance travelled of the object.
Since the displacement varies on each trial, the work done does not remain constant all
throughout the experiment.
2. In Table 1, is the power expended by the fan cart constant? Why or why not?
The power expended by the fan cart does not remain constant because the amount of
work exerted by the fan cart varies as we had varying displacement it had to travel in
every trial. Therefore, the amount of work and the amount of time it took to travel
varies in each trial resulted to varying power.
3. In Table 2, how does the work done compare with the increase in gravitational potential
energy? Does your result agree with the theory? Why or why not?
In Table 2, the work done increases while the gravitational potential energy also
increases. Our group’s results agree with the theory because gravitational potential
energy depends on the object’s mass and its position and it is equal to the work an
object exerts when being lift against a gravitational force.
CONCLUSION
1. What is the correct relationship between the applied force and the work done?
The correct relationship between the applied force and the work done is directly
proportional. As you can see in the results of the experiment, the work done
increase as the applied force increases.
2. What is the correct relationship between the displacement and the work done?
The correct relationship between the displacement and the work done is also
directly proportional. It is shown in the data from the experiment that as the
displacement increases, the amount of work done also increases.
3. What is the correct relationship between the work done and the power expended?
Power expended is the rate of work done within a certain time frame. As seen in the
formula and theory, power is equal to work divided by time, which depicts that the
power is directly proportional to work but inversely proportional to time.
APPLICATIONS

 Ben carries a 200-N suitcase up three flights of stairs (a height of 10.0 m) and then
pushes it with a horizontal force of 50.0 N at a constant speed of 0.5 m/s for a horizontal
distance of 35.0 meters. How much work does Ben do on his suitcase during
this entire motion?
The motion has two parts: pulling vertically to displace the suitcase vertically (angle = 0°)
and pushing horizontally to displace the suitcase horizontally (angle = 0°).
For the vertical part, W = (200 N) * (10 m) * cos (0°) = 2000 J.
For the horizontal part, W = (50 N) * (35 m) * cos (0°) = 1750 J.
The total work done is 3750 J (the sum of the two parts).

 A student with a mass of 80.0 kg runs up three flights of stairs in 12.0 sec. The student
has gone a vertical distance of 8.0 m. Determine the amount of work done by the
student to elevate his body to this height. Assume that his speed is constant.

The student weighs 784 N (Fgrav= 80 kg * 9.8 m/s/s).

To lift a 784-Newton person at constant speed, 784 N of force must be applied to it
(Newton's laws). The force is up, the displacement is up, and so the angle Θ in the work
equation is 0°. Thus,
W = (784 N) * (8 m) * cos (0°) = 6272 Joules

 An escalator is used to move 20 passengers every minute from the first floor of a
department store to the second. The second floor is located 5.20 meters above the first
floor. The average passenger's mass is 54.9 kg. Determine the power requirement of the
escalator in order to move this number of passengers in this amount of time.

A good strategy would involve determining the work required to elevate one average
passenger. Then multiply this value by 20 to determine the total work for elevating 20
passengers. Finally, the power can be determined by dividing this total work value by
the time required to do the work. The solution goes as follows:
W1 passenger = F • d • cos(0°)
W1 passenger = (54.9 kg • 9.8 m/s2) • 5.20 m = 2798 J (rounded)
W20 passengers = 55954 J (rounded)

P = W20 passengers / time = (55954 J) / (60 s)

P = 933 W
REFERENCES:

 https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/U5L1e
 https://www.physicsclassroom.com/calcpad/energy/problems
PICTURES:

Part 1 of the Experiment Part 2 of the Experiment