Chapter 10 Wedne: 2:04 PM day, January 30, Gases -one phases of matter -composed of particles that are moving randomly and very fast -move in straight until collide -when collide, exerts a force -homogeneous mix Pressure =force/area Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT) P=atm v= liter N=moles R = ideal gas law constant ‘T= temperature in Kelvin 0821 Latm/ Kmol Ex. fp, n, ris constant, then V and haveto change directly together Boyle's Law =V inverse 1/P Charles's Law =V direct T ‘Avogadro's Law =V direct n N=.845, P=1.37, v: VenRT/P \V=..845 (.0821)(315)/1.37 =15.9L 315 K Standard conditions (STP) Latm, 273 K [0C], 1 mol, 22.4 L (molar volume) kinetic molecular theory-simplest model for the behavior of gases ‘When moving gas particles hits another gas particle or container, they do not stick; they bounce off and continue movingin another directions Gas is constantly moving Elastic collision- after collision bounce off (energy transfer from one to another Exchange energy but no overall losss of energy So any kinetic energy lost is completely gain by the other Inelastic colision- bit heated, slower, same energy? Kinetic energy is directly proportional to temperature(not all gas particles move at the same speed) Constantly in motion, gas strike the sides of the container with force =force /are Explain Boyles’ Law V inverse to pressure More molecules will collide with the container at one instant, increasing the pressure = smaller volume = smaller space Explain Charles's Law ver Due to KE, increase the T, avg speed of KE increase Greater volume spreads the collison out over a greater surface area so pressure in unchanged Explain Avogrado's Law V=# of moles Increase # of gas molecules causes more of them to hit the wall at the sametime To keep P constant, V must increase Dalton" Law Total pressure of gas mixture is the sum of partial pressure Particles of different masses have the SAME avg KE at a given T So total pressure of collision is the same KMT and Ideal Gas Law KMT implies PV=n8T Keavg = 1/2NA Mur2 U{rms)= sqrt (3RT/m) the difference btwn He and CH4 if at same T? He=4 CH4=16 sqrt 4 vs sqrt 16 =16. Methane is half as fast as He Gas in same container have same T so same KEavg If diff masses, must have diff velocities to have same KE Lighter particles have faster avg velocity than massive particles Increase T= distribution fx spreads out so faster speed Mean free path How far soemthing could go without hitting Molecules travel in straight path until they collde with another ‘Avd distance a molcule travels between collsion Lower pressure = decrease mean free path Higher V=more space 224L=1molReal Gas Do not behave like ideal gas at high pressure/ low temperature Ideal Gas 1. No attraction btwn gas molecule Real molecules take up space, molar volume is larger than predicted Van Der Waal P+ a(n/V)*2* (V-nb) = nRT -modified EQ for molecular volume (van der Waal constant) diff for every gas b/c molecule of each gas are in diff size = (Venb) = Real molecules can have some intermolecular atrractions =P+a(n/V)*2=n0t/V