Parking Policy as a counter measure to

promote public transport

Case Study of Nehru Place, Delhi
d
Ravi Gadepalli
Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation
Anusha Vaid
iTrans Pvt. Ltd.

New Delhi, India

 India and Cities
• Currently, 31% of Indian population (377 million) resides in cities
• By 2030, 40% (600 million) population will be urban
• Number of million plus cities to go up from 53 currently to 111 by 2031

• Increased transport activities will have air quality and climate change implications
• Transport policy and planning choices critical to managing emissions

Source: Census of India (2011), HPEC (2011 )

 Delhi-Urban Transport Scenario

• Delhi’s mobility trends reflective of all Indian cities

• Public transport mode shares losing rapidly to Cars and Two-wheelers
Delhi-Mode share trends
100%
90%
Walk
80%
Cycle
70%
Cycle rickshaw
60%
50% Metro

40% 40 27 Bus
30% Three-Wheeler
20% Two Wheeler
10% Car
0%
2001 2007
• Infrastructure investments prioritising private modes aiding this trend
• Commercial areas are a reflection of these trends
• Nehru Place is taken as a case-study to demonstrate the problem and solutions
 NEHRU PLACE DISTRICT CENTRE
•Planned in 1969,
operational in early
1980s as a commercial
business district surrounded
by residential areas

•38 Hectares of prime real

estate in the heart of South
Delhi

• Currently a regional
commercial centre served by
two major roads, 2 Metro
lines and 24 bus routes

•Less than 2/3rd developed

portion has 5.8 lakh sq.m.
built commercial
development
 Astha Kunj, restricting access from
North

Ideally, the area should have access from all directions

Currently majority of access is from the South and the west
Public transport is at the periphery while personal vehicles have close access
PARKING CONSUMES PUBLIC SPACE
 DATA COLLECTION
• No standardised data maintenance practices
• Sample surveys to quantify travel and user characteristics
• Multiple surveys combined to derive overall picture

8
 PARKING DEMAND – CURRENT TRENDS
ISSUES
Mode Shares Trip Purpose of Visitors to Nehru Place
•Low parking price : office support staff
- Rs 10 (USD 0.15) for 2% Car 4%
office employees
2Wh/4 hrs 29% 2-wheeler 18%
24% Office visitors
- Rs 20 (USD 0.3) for Car/4 Bus 23%
5% retail support staff
hrs Metro 2%
retail employee
3-wheelers 11% 5%
Retail visitors
15% Cycle
• 63% of parking spaces 30% 15% 12% 4% 1% Shopping
occupied by office Pedestrians
Leisure
employees & 10% by retail BAU Scenario – Hourly Breakup of Parking Demand
visitors Deman
1914 4115 6602 7526 8305 8697 9121 9456 9530 8622 7306 5374
d (ECS)

•BAU Scenario parking 12000

Parking Price Vs Demand--Sensitivity Analysis <30 mins
demand not sustainable 10000
7000

and needs to be managed 6000

8000 30- 1hr
5000
6000
•A pricing strategy that’ll 4000 1hr - 2 hr
4000
3000
reduce the overall demand 2 hrs -8
2000
2000
needs to be worked out hrs
1000
0 Ret_E
HIGHLY SUBSIDIZED LONG 0 (>8hrs)
5 6 7 9 11 13 16 19 23 28 34 41 49 60 72 87 106 128 155
TERM PARKING INDUCING Off_E (>8
Hourly Parking Price (in Rs.) hrs)
CAR AND 2-WHEELER USAGE
 PARKING SUPPLY SCENARIOS

Base year
Demand (2013)
• 6600 ECS (Phase 1)
• 1000 in 1 MLCP –
5000 sqm – 4 floors
• 5600 at grade –
46000 sq.m.
• 14% of precinct area Best Case Supply Scenario
MLCP Vs At-grade to be
balanced

Planned Capacity
• 9500 ECS (Phase 1 & 2) Phase 1&2 (2021) • 12000 ECS
• 1000 in 1 MLCP – • 10000 in 5 MLCP –
5000sqm – 4 floors • 5500 ECS 18000sqm
• 8500 at grade – 68000 • 3500 in 4 MLCP – • 2000 at grade – 48000
sqm (Stacked) 15000sqm sqm
• 20% of precinct area • 2000 ECS at grade – • 20% of precinct area
48000 sq.m.
• 18% of precinct area As per City
Demand in BAU Parking Policy
Scenario (2021) (2021)
 PARKING DESIGN
STRATEGIES Existing
Supply Shift from existing
Pricing
Scenario parking
Demand price (per
• High At grade parking Time
BAU ECS) On-
Shift to
Shift to
rates - expected to cater Duration MLCP other On-street MLCP
street MLCP
modes
short term parking demand
<30 mins 236 Rs 20 (4 hour) 224 5% Rs 50 Rs 30

• Multi level car park to be 30- 1hr 628 Rs 20 (4 hour) 236 360 5% 57% Rs 50 Rs 30
cheaper than surface
Rs 50 + Rs 75 (next 2 Rs 30 (first hr)+ Rs
parking - shift medium term 1hr - 2 hr 1139 Rs 20 (4 hour) 653 43%
hrs) 15(next every hr)
parking to MLCP
Rs 50 + Rs 75 (next 2
Rs 20 (4 hour)+ Rs 30 (first hr)+ Rs
2hr-8hr 619 213 66% hrs) + Rs 50 (next
30 (8 hrs) 15(next every hr)
• Proposed hourly rates every hour)

result in high Long term

parking cost - will induce >8 hrs (Office
Rs 20 (4 hrs)+ Rs 50 + Rs 75 (next 2
Rs 30 (first hr)+ Rs
5966 30 (8 hrs)+ 40 2081 65% hrs) + Rs 50 (next
shift from Cars and 2- Employees)
(12 hrs ) every hour)
15(next every hr)

Wheelers
Rs 20 (4 hrs)+ Rs 50 + Rs 75 (next 2
>8 hrs (Retail Rs 30 (first hr)+ Rs
943 30 (8 hrs)+ 40 943 100% hrs) + Rs 50 (next
• Maintain 85% occupancy Employees)
(12 hrs ) every hour)
15(next every hr)

in the parking lots so that

parking spaces are always Total 9,530 460 4,250
available for the visitors.
Parking supply at
Supply (layout Parking allocated (1
Purpose Demand new increased Shift to PT
plan) ECS per 100 sq mtrs)
price
• Parking can be allocated to Office
stakeholder on reduced rates 5966 2081 1300 781 83%
Employee
Retail
943 943 413 530
Employee
 PLANNIN
G

Public transport is at the periphery while personal vehicles have close access
Improved circulation of public transport within the commercial area is recommended
 PLANNIN
G

Circulation of private vehicles needs to be managed better

 PLANNIN
G

783

646
1000

861

1833

Parking needs to be concentrated in a few Multi-level car parks

 PLANNIN
G

783

646
1000
270
150
861

30

1833
25 25

Few off-street parking spaces proposed for short term parking

 PLANNIN
G

Vehicular circulation plan for various streets is changed accordingly

 PLANNIN
G

Pedestrian connectivity and internal circulation within the precinct improved

 PLANNIN
G

Proposed designs incorporate the upcoming establishments

 PLANNIN
G

Additional links providing non-motorised transport to complete network

 Summary
• Moving from parking minimums to parking maximums
• Pricing strategies to achieve the desired mode-shift
• Planning and circulation to prioritize public transport and NMT modes
• Stakeholder consultations to build consensus on designs proposed
• Government involvement to implement the proposed designs
Thank you