CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A Cogeneration plant is a power plant that works in the principle of deriving two forms of useful
energy from one initial source. This is typically employed in industries where there is a need for power
and thermal energy in the form industrial process heat which can be used directly in the preparation or
treatment of the materials that will be used in their manufacturing process. One industry that uses
cogeneration plants is the sugar industry. The sugar industry uses cogeneration plants to provide
electricity and steam that are needed in the producing refined sugar from sugarcanes.

In the Philippines, it is recorded by the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) in their report of
the crop year 2018-2019 that there are 409 714 Hectares of land used to produce 21 767 659 MT of
Sugarcane Milled that yielded 2 072 351 of raw sugar which some parts, 827 188, turned into refined
sugar. This accounts for the were 27 operational mills and 8 sugar refineries. Seven mills are situated in
Luzon, 12 in Negros Island, 3 in Panay, 2 in Eastern Visayas, and 4 in Mindanao. Out of these mills, there
are only 12 which are integrated with a cogeneration plant.

Figure 1.1 Raw Sugar Production from Crop Year 2013-2014 to 2018-2019
 CHAPTER 2

SUGAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The Philippines, being an agricultural country, produces sugarcane in various regions. Its
manufacturing process involves the milling and the refining process. As shown in the figure below,

2.1 Milling Process

2.1.1 Harvesting

2.1.2 Cane Preparation

2.1.3 Extraction

2.1.4 Clarification and Filtration

2.1.5 Evaporation

2.1.6 Crystallization

2.1.7 Centrifugation

2.1.8 Drying and Storage

2.1.9 Summary

2.2 Refining Process

2.2.1 Affination

2.2.2 Centrifuging

2.2.3 Clarifying

2.2.4 Evaporation

2.2.5 Crystallization

2.2.6 Centrifuging

2.3.7 Drying

2.3.8 Summary

2.4 Summary

2.5 Raw Sugar Production

2.6 Refined Sugar Production

2.7 Steam Consumption

2.8 Plant Capacity