MEDAN 19-20 JULI 2019

RETROFITTING GEDUNG TINGGI BETON

BERTULANG DI JAKARTA

Prof. Bambang Budiono, Ir (ITB), M.E (UoA), PhD (UNSW)

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan
Institut Teknologi Bandung
 Geometry

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 2

 Outline
• Background and Objectives

• Methodology and Results

• Conclusions and Recommendations

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 3

 Outline
• Background and Objectives

• Methodology and Results

• Conclusions and Recommendations

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 4

 Seismic Code Evolution
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs

Pf = 10% in 20 yrs Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 5

 Seismic Demand

SNI 1726 2012 (2500 thn)

SNI 1726 2002 (500 thn)

SKBI 1987 (200 thn)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 6

 Performance of 1992 ?
1987 1992 2002 2012

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 7

 Performance Based Design Target

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 8

 Performance Level per FEMA 356

Courtesy: J P. Moehle, 2011

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 9

 IO, LS, CP – What to Expect Visually? ASCE 41-13

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 10

 IO, LS, CP – What to Expect Visually? ASCE 41-13

Behrouzi et al., 2015 Birely, 2012

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 11
 Outline
• Background and Objectives

• Methodology and Results

• Conclusions and Recommendations

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 12

 Methodology

D F demand

PP
capacity
F

Global Modeling Component Modeling NLP Performance Point

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 13
 Methodology

D F demand

PP
capacity
F

Global Modeling Component Modeling NLP Performance Point

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 14
 Seismic Joint at GF

B
B

B
B

Lantai GF – Lantai
3

15
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta
 Structural System
• Tower:
- Dual System
(shear wall + moment frame)
85% 15%

- Prestressed Beam

• Podium:
- moment frame

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 16

 Field Survey
1. Geometry, dimensions conform to as built drawing

2. Material properties
f’c_column = 31.1 MPa
f’c_beam = 26.7 MPa
f’c_shear wall = 31.1 MPa
fy_expected = 1.15 x 400 Mpa

3. No critical damage or deficiency that need immediate repair

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 17

 PART A:

TOWER

18
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta
 Tower Modeling in ETABS and in PERFORM
3D

19/07/2019 ETABS Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta PERFORM 3D 19

 Mode dan Periode Struktur Tower

T1 = 4,27 sec T2 = 3,65 sec T3 = 3,35 sec

Translation-Y Translation-X Rotation-Z
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 20
 Comparison of Modes and Structural Periods

ETABS PERFORM 3D
T1 (sec) 3,53 3,45
T2 (sec) 3,09 3,21
MODE 1 TRANSLASI - Y TRANSLASI - Y
MODE 2 TRANSLASI - X TRANSLASI - X

Summary:
ETABS model is consistent with PERFORM 3D’s

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 21

 Methodology

D F
demand

PP
capacity
F

Global Modeling Component Modeling NLP Performance Point

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 22
 Beam – Prestressed Concrete

M M

IO LS CP
YIELD

θ θ

YIELD
LS IO
CP

Bilinear Moment – Rotation

Xtract Section Model Actual Moment – Rotation
with Deformation Capacity

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 23

 Beam – Reinforced Concrete

M M

IO LS CP
YIELD

θ θ

YIELD
LS IO
CP

Bilinear Moment – Rotation

XTract Section Model Actual Moment – Rotation
with Deformation Capacity

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 24

 Column ASCE 41-13

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 25

 Shear Wall
Floor: LL - 01 Floor: 02 - end

Confined concrete UnConfined concrete

IO LS CP
LS CP
sc IO

ec
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 26
 Pemodelan Perform 3D Dinding Geser
Pemodelan Elemen Dinding Geser:
Pemodelan elemen dinding geser pada PERFORM 3D menggunakan fiber element yang bergantung dari parameter
berikut :
a. Hubungan tegangan-regangan aksial beton
b. Hubungan tegangan-regangan aksial baja tulangan
c. Hubungan tegangan-regangan geser beton

Fiber Beton
Fiber Baja Tulangan
Web Boundary Teori
(Unconfined) (Confined) Mander

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 27

 Pemodelan Perform 3D Dinding Geser
Pemodelan Elemen Dinding Geser:

Hubungan tegangan-regangan aksial beton

Hubungan tegangan-regangan geser beton

(Asumsi ELASTIK)

Dibuktikan dengan nilai Vn ≥ Vu

Hubungan tegangan-regangan aksial baja tulangan
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 28
 Beam – Link Beam (FIBER+TRUSS ELEMENTS)

Stress – Strain Concrete

DOF

Beton  Elemen Serat, Baja Tulangan  Elemen Bar Diagonal

Beton Fiber Element; Baja Tulangan Truss Element
Stress – Strain Steel Reinforcement
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 29
 Methodology

D
F demand

PP
capacity
F

Global Modeling Component Modeling NLP Performance Point

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 30
 CQC Lateral Force Distribution
X - Direction Y - Direction
35 35

30 30

25 25
Story Number

20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000

Lateral Force Profile

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 31
 Push Directions

1.Push Gravity (DL + 0.25 LL)

2.Lateral Push
Y+

X- X+

Y-
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 32
 Methodology

D
F demand

PP
capacity
F

Global Modeling Component Modeling NLP Performance Point

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 33
 Pushover Results
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs
Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs
Pf = 10 % in 20 yrs
Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 34
 1987 Code Level Design Base Shear

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 35

 Push after SNI 1987 (x+)

PP CP
LS
IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 36

 Push after SNI 1987 (x-)
CP
PP LS
IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 37

 Push after SNI 1987 (y+)

CP
PP LS

IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 38

 Push after SNI 1987 (y-)

CP
PP LS
IO

19/07/2019

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 39

 Plasticity at PP (1987)

X- Y+ Y-
X+

(IO LEVEL)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 40

 Summary (after SNI 1987)
1. BEI Tower performs well under 1987 Code (T=200 years)

2.Under code level design base shear  perform mainly in

elastic

3.Performance level mainly IO or IO-LS  No to minor

damage

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 41

 Pushover Results
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs

Pf = 10% in 20 yrs Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 42
 2002 Code Level Design Base Shear

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 43

 Push after SNI 2002 (x+)
PP
CP
LS
IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 44

 Push after SNI 2002 (x-)
PP
LS CP

IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 45

 Push after SNI 2002 (y+)
PP
CP
LS

IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 46

 Push after SNI 2002 (y-)
CP
PP LS
IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 47

 Plasticity at PP (2002)

X- Y+ Y-
X+
(CP LEVEL) (LS LEVEL) (IO LEVEL)
(CP LEVEL)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 48

 Summary (after SNI 2002)
1. Ductility requirement for Pf 10% in 50 yrs is more stringent
(T=500 Years)

2.Mainly in elastic under code level design base shear

3. Some elements (shear wall) need high deformability, shear

strength is preserved  brittle collapse is prevented

4.Some shear wall elements (web) at lower level have insufficient

shear strength, but deformability demand is low
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 49
 Pushover Results
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs

Pf = 10% in 20 yrs Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 50
 2012 Code Level Design Base Shear

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 51

 Push after SNI 2012 (x+)
PP
CP
LS
IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 52

 Push after SNI 2012 (x-)
PP
LS CP
IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 53

 Push after SNI 2012 (y+)
PP
CP
LS

IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 54

 Push after SNI 2012 (y-)

PP LS CP

IO

Gaya Geser Tingkat Nominal pada Core Wall (Vc+Vs) > Vn (OK)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 55

 Plasticity at PP (2012)

X- Y+ Y-
X+
(CP LEVEL) (LS LEVEL) (IO LEVEL)
(CP LEVEL)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 56

 Summary (after SNI 2012)
1. Ductility requirement for Pf 2% in 50 yrs is even more demanding
(T=2500 Years)

2.Perform mainly in elastic under code level design base shear

3. Majority elements reach CP state

....but not yet shear failure  brittle failure is prevented

4. Some shear wall elements (web) are prone to brittle failure at

lower level, but deformability demand is low
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 57
 PART B:

PODIUM

58
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta
 3D Model ETABS Podium
LL + GF + 3 Lantai

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 59

 Denah Lantai Podium

Lantai GF Lantai 2

Lantai 3
Lantai 1
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 60
 Mode Shape Podium

T1 = 0,948 detik T2 = 0,827 detik T3 = 0,753 detik

Translasi-X Rotasi-Z Translasi-Y
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 61
 Pushover Results
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs
Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs
Pf = 10 % in 20 yrs
Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 62
 1987 Code Level Design Base Shear

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 63

 1987 (200 th) Push X+
• Structure condition at performance point (still elastic)

1987 (200 yr) X+

60000

50000

40000
Base Force (kN)

Push X+
30000 CP
LS
20000
IO
PP
10000
PP
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 64

 1987 (200 th) Push X-
• Structure condition at performance point (still elastic)

1987 (200 yr) X-

60000

50000

40000
Base Force (kN)

Push X-
30000 CP
LS
20000 IO
PP
10000
PP
0
0 50 100 150 200
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 65

 1987 (200 th) Push Y+
• Structure condition at performance point (still elastic)

1987 (200 yr) Y+

80000

70000

60000
Base Force (kN)

50000
Push Y+
40000 CP
LS
30000
IO
20000
PP
10000
PP
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 66

 1987 (200 th) Push Y-
• Structure condition at performance point (still elastic)
1987 (200 yr) Y-
80000

70000

60000
Base Force (kN)

50000
Push Y-
40000 CP
LS
30000
IO
20000 PP

10000
PP
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 67

 Summary (after SKBI 1987)
1. Podium was well designed

2.No significant yielding occured during code level

3.Performance point below IO  no to minor damage expected

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 68

 Pushover Results
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs

Pf = 10% in 20 yrs Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 69
 Code Level Design Base Shear

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 70

 2002 (500 th) Push X+
• Structure condition at performance point
2002 (500 yr) X+
60000

50000

40000
PP
Base Force (kN)

Push X+
30000 PP
CP
20000 LS
IO
10000

0
-50 0 50 100 150 200
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 71

 2002 (500 th) Push X-
• Structure condition at performance point
2002 (500 yr) X-
60000

50000

40000
PP
Base Force (kN)

Push X-
30000 PP
CP
20000 LS
IO
10000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 72

 2002 (500 th) Push Y+
• Structure condition at performance point

2002 (500 yr) Y+

80000

70000

60000
Base Force (kN)

50000
Push Y+
40000
PP PP
CP
30000
LS
20000
IO
10000

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 73

 2002 (500 th) Push Y-
• Structure condition at performance point

2002 (500 yr) Y-

80000

70000

60000
Base Force (kN)

50000
Push Y-
40000
PP CP
PP
30000
LS
20000 IO

10000

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 74

 Summary (after SNI 2002)
1. Substantial yielding of columns might occur during code level
design base shear

2.Performance point beyond CP  major damage is expected

3.Damage concentrated at
- Columns with smaller dimension
- Columns with transfer beam

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 75

 Pushover Results
1987 2002 2012

Tr = 200 yrs Tr = 500 yrs Tr = 2500 yrs

Pf = 10% in 20 yrs Pf = 10% in 50 yrs Pf = 2% in 50 yrs
19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 76
 Code Level Design Base Shear

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 77

 2012 (2500 th) Push X+
• Structure condition at performance point
2012 (2500 yr) X+
60000

50000

PP
Base Force (kN)

40000
Push X+
30000 PP
CP
20000
LS
10000
IO
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 78

 2012 (2500 th) Push X-
• Structure condition at performance point
2012 (2500 yr) X-
60000

50000

PP
Base Force (kN)

40000
Push X-
30000 PP
CP
20000
LS
10000 IO

0
0 50 100 150 200
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 79

 2012 (2500 th) Push Y+
• Structure condition at performance point

2012 (2500 th) Y+

80000
70000
60000
Base Force (kN)

50000 Push Y+
40000 PP PP
30000 CP
20000 LS
10000 IO
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 80

 2012 (2500 th) Push Y-
• Structure condition at performance point

2012 (2500 yr) Y-

80000
70000
60000
Base Force (kN)

50000 Push Y-
40000
PP PP
30000 CP
20000 LS
10000 IO
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Displacement (mm)

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 81

 Outline
• Background and Objectives

• Methodology and Results

• Conclusions and Recommendations

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 82

 Conclusions

1. Review of Structures
- Structural system of a tower: dual system
- Geometry and dimension conform to as-built drawing
- No structural problem was found based on visual observation
- Existing concrete strength (f’c)
f’c_column = 31.1 MPa
f’c_beam = 26.7 MPa
f’c_shear wall = 31.1 MPa

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 83

 Summary for Tower Performance

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 84

 Summary for Podium Performance

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 85

 Recommendations

1. Tower
- under ‘frequent earthquake’  little inelasticity / no - minor
damage is expected

- Retrofit is needed to reduce heavy damage under ‘strong

earthquake’

- ‘do nothing’ might be a prefered option

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 86

 Recommendations

2. Podium
- under ‘frequent earthquake’  some inelasticity occured /
minor damage is expected

- heavy damage is likely to occur under ‘strong earthquake’

- retrofit of columns susceptible to high inelasticity is strongly

recommended

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 87

 Thank You

19/07/2019 Retrofitting Gedung Tinggi Beton Bertulang di Jakarta 88