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    5 views20 pages

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    Uploaded by

    Mẫn Chiếm Quang
    Microcontroller

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GV: Hé Van Phi MUC LUC DE TAI: MA HOA VA BAO MAT TRONG LTE LTE 1a mang truy nhap di d6ng sé dong vai trd quan trong trong tong thé ha ting cung cp cdc dich vu tuong lai. Véi sy ké thira cdc dac trung trong linh vue di déng céng v6i dic tinh mang all-IP dan dén nhiéu yéu cau ciing nhw giai php cho van dé an ninh trong mién mang LTE. Bai béo nay sé cung cp théng tin tong quan vé an ninh trong mang LTE gidip cho cae nha cung cp dich vu di dng tai Vigt Nam c6 thém théng tin can thiét trong viée trién khai cho mang LTE thdi gian ti. Phan dau bai bao néu ra cdc yéu cau vé an ninh cia mang LTE, tiép theo bai bao gidi thigu vé kién trac an ninh duge dua ra béi t6 chire 3GPP va phan cudi bai bao gidi thigu mét so co ché an ninh cy thé duge dp dung trén LTE 1) Mi héa trong LTE 1) Khai nigm Ma héa IA qua trinh ding dé bién théng tin tir dang na gin ang dang khae va nj nhiing ngwéi khong phan sy tigp cfn vao thong tin dé. Ban thdn vige ma héa khong ngin chin vige thong tin bj dinh 6 digu théng tin dé lay vé ciing khéng xai duge, khong doc duge hay hiéu duge vi da duge lam bién dang di réi. 2.1.1 Qué trinh m@ héa M6t luSng théng tin di xuyén qua mét mang truy nh4p v6 tuyén sé nhu [a UTRAN phai trai qua nhiéu qué trinh ma héa, dude mé ta trong hinh 2.1. Théng tin dua vao héthéng nay phai d dang s6 (di liéu) hoc céing cé thé la théng tin tudng ty (thoai). Cheicnng ma ngudn la chuyén déi [uu lugng nguai si dung sang dang sé va md r6ng honnifa la nén dif liéu. BG ma héa ngudn phy thudc vao loai théng tin cn ma ha. Téc dédude ma héa bang cach sil dung mét bd m3 hda tdc dé (b6 ma da tc 6 thich nghiAMR, trong UTRAN), truyén hinh thi st/ dung b6 ma héa hinh. BO ma hda ngudn céging ma héa théng tin thanh mét sé ludng bit thdp nhat c6 thé ma bd giai ma ngudn & phia thu cé thé xay dung lai théng tin ngudn néukhdng cé |6i nao duc tao ra trong sudtqus trinh truy&n ciia né. Cdc kj thuat nén khdc nhau c6 thé duc si dung dat dude mucdich m3 héa nguén. Ma héa ngudn cé thé bé di hau hét cdc théng tin du thiva cia ngudisit dung. Mét dang khac cia phan du dude thém vao sau ludng dif ligu dé dif ligu c6 thédudc tai tao lai 6 may thu mac di digu nay sé lam tén that bing théng cla kénh votuyén.Bang cach chén cdc bit kiém tra da duge tinh todn trudc vio phia sau cia ludng diliéu cla ngudi st! dung, ma héa kénh sé ‘tr nén dang tin cay hdn trong qué trinh phat cdc bit théng tin qua giao dién v6 tuyén. Kénh truyén cé thé gay ra [di cho cdc bit phat, cdcldi nay trudc hét phai dude phat hién va sau dé dugc stfa lai néu cé thé. Nhiém vu naykhé cé thé thuc hié dude néu khéng thém vao mat sé théng tin phu (cdc bit kiém tra)vao ludng dif liéu. $6 lugng bit dif lidu ludn dude ting lén trong ma hda kénh. Sé lugngcac bit nay ‘SV Nauvén Pham Hoana 4 GV: Hé Van Phi dudc tng lén bao nhiéu la tiy thudc vao tiing so dé m3 héa. BS diéu ché sé nhan chudi bit tiv bd ma héa kénh va chuyén déi ludng da duge ma héa kénh thanh dangséng thich hdp vdi kénh truyén. Trong UTRAN, phuong phap diéu ché la QPSK (hoac16 QAM) d hudng xuéng va QPSK kénh dai (HPSK) Hinh 2.1 Qué trinh md héa trong hé thong truyén théng s6 2.1.2 Nguyén ly mé héa Vao nifa cuéi thdp nién 40 cia thé ky trudc, Claude Shannon da phat trién mét bénguyén ly ma ngay nay ching ta van thudng biét dén véi tén goi Binh lust Shannon Van dé ma Shannon da nghién ctlu la s6 lugng thong tin téi da cé thé truyén qua kénhtruyén cé nhiéu tac déng. Truéc dé, né van dudc mong ddi la sé cao hdn toc 6 dif liuva cdng cao thi digu tat yéu la phai chp nh4n [di truy&n. Shannon 43 ching td rangkhdng nhat thiét phai nhu vay, trong mét ching muc nao dé, ta cd thé dat dudc ty lé ldigan bang 0, cé thé dat tdi dung ludng kénh téi da hoac bat ky t6c d6 ndo dudi dunglugng kénh.Dung lugng kénh tdi da cé thé dude xac dinh tit dang thiic sau: Chudi théng tin vao Chuoi thong tin ra Gidi ma ngudn ‘Ma héa ngudn ee Ma héa hénh Gidi oy kéuh Biéuché Gididiéuché ‘SV Nauvén Pham Hoana 9 GV: Hé Van Phi 2) Cac phuong phap ma héa trong LTE 2.1) Phwong php ma héa khong gian - thai gian 2.1.1) H@ théng ma héa khdng gian thoi gian Ta xét mét hé théng truyén théng duge mi héa khéng gian-thdi gian bang tan géc véi nT anten phat vi n anten thu, nhu duge trinh bay trén hinh 4.1 ja AL Ngub ie A —+Neite My Le théngtin sp) : 2 | te Jat ol M6t mé hinh hé théng bang tan géc Di ligu phat duge ma héa boi mét b6 ma héa khéng gian-thdi gian. Tai méi thoi diém £, m9t khdi m symbol théng tin nhj phan, duge ky higu bd (C102 10!) 2.2) MA trellis khéng gian - thai gian (STTC) Ci STTC cho phép phan tap day dil va d6 loi ma cao, STTC Ia loai ma chp duge mé rong cho truéng hgp MIMO. Cau tric ma chap dic biét phu hop véi truyén théng vd truva vé tinh, do chi sir dung b6 ma héa don gidn nhung dat dug hiéu qua cao nh vao phuong phép gidi ma phutc tap. Néu nhur STBC xir ly déc lap timng khéi ky ty dau vao dé tao ra mét chudi cdcvector m4 déc lap, thi STTC xi ly tizng chudi ky ty dau vao dé tao ra timg chudi vector ma phy thudc vao trang thai ma truéc dé ca bé ma héa.B6 ma héa cdc véc tor ma bang céch dich chuyén céc bit dir ligu qua thanh ghi dichqua K tng méi tng cé k bit. Méi bd n ghép cOng nhi phan vdi dau vao Ia K tang sé taora vector mi n bit cho méi k bit dau vao. Tai mét thoi diém, k bit di igu dau vio sédurgc dich vao ting dau tién cila thanh ghi dich, k bit cla ting dau sé duge dich vao k bitca tng ké, Mai lin dich k bit div ligu vao sé tao ra mét vector mi n bit. 6c 46 ma bit: Fe — © 68 tang than ehi ‘SV Nauvén Pham Hoana rn GV: Hé Van Phi > ni 1] 2) ] 0 LESS tents situ cre Ting Ting? Ting K $6 4 ma hndi M4 ludi duge biéu dién thong qua luéi ma ( code trellis) hode so dé trang thai (State diagram) mo ta sw bin di tir trang thai hign tai sang trang thai ké tiép thy thuge vao k bit dir ligu dau va VD: B6 ma luéi k=1, K= 3 va n= 2 1 bit a 2 So dd nay mé ta lw6i ma va trang thai bé ma rane that tranethai Manet ep sp vestermt co =0 =0 00,11 oi=1 Oi=1 11,00 10 0=2 W=2 10,01 u=3 u=3 01,10 mitd6 1101121 ma 111010 ™ 100001 ‘SV Nauvén Pham Hoana 4 GV: Hé Van Phi Ludi ma va so dé trang thai voi k=1, K= 3 hodc n = 2 Tin higu nhan duge tai may thu sé dugc bé gidi ma tuong quan tdi da khéng gian-thdi gian STMLD (space-Time Maximum Likelood Decoder) gidi ma. B6 STMLD séduge thy hign thanh giai thuat vector Viterbi, during ma nao cé metric tich lay nhé nhatsé dugc chon la chudi di liu dug gidi ma. 6 phitc tao ciia bd giai ma tng theo hammG véi sé trang thai trén gin d chdm sao va s6 trang thdi ma ludi, mét b6 STTC co bac phn tap Ia D truyén dir liéu voi téc dé R bps thi dé phic tap cua bé giai ma ti lé véihé s6 .STTC cung cp dé Igi ma tét hon nhiu STBC dé loi ctia STTC ‘tang lén khi tngs6 trang thai cla ludi ma. Tuy nhién dé Ioi phifc tap cla STBC thdp hon nhiéu dé phifctap cia STTC, do STBC dug ma héa va gidi m3 don gién nho vao céc gidi thudt xir lytuyén tinh, nén STBC durgc ma héa va gidi ma don gidn nha vao cc giai thuat xu lytuyén tinh, nén STBC phu hop voi cdc Ung dung thyc té trong héthéng MIMO hon STTC. 3.3.1 Hé thong ma héa khéng gian-thdi gian Ta xét mét hé thong dudc ma héa khéng gian-thdi gian bang tn géc véi nT anten phat va n® anten thu, nhu dugc trinh bay trén hinh Nguén, thongtin, [9 BOaiuche | —+ So dd khéi clia bd ma héa STTC 3.3.3 M@ héa/gidi ma STTC trén kénh fading phang gid tinh Qué trinh ma héa déi vdi STTC tudng tu nhu diéu ché ma héa trellis ngoai tri 3 phan dau va phan cuéi méi khung, b6 ma héa phai trong trang thai 0. Tai méi thdi diém t, phu thuéc vao trang thai cla bé ma héa va cc bit ngé vao, mét nhanh chuyén tiép s€dudc chon. Néu nhan cia nhanh truyén la “YS thi anten phat i, dude sit dung dé giri cham sao symbol’: * #2»! y3 tat cd cdc qua trinh phat nay [5 song song véi nhau ‘SV Nauvén Pham Hoang 5 GV: Hé Van Phi @2

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