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ABSTRACT: In present era, renewable sources have become popular topics of study for engineering research. One such source i.e.
solar energy is used in different applications like solar water heating, solar space heating, solar water distillation and solar drying
etc. The solar dryer uses solar energy to heat up air coming through the collector and after that hot air passes over the product to
remove the moisture. In this paper comprehensive review of the various designs, details of construction and operational principles of
the wide variety of practically realized designs of solar energy drying systems reported previously is presented. A systematic approach
for the solar dryers has been evolved. In this paper also studied the role of convex lens in solar dryer.
1. INTRODUCTION
The utilization of solar energy in a particular location to collectors for conversion into electrical energy. Two main
determine the economic and performance of systems requires collectors are used to save solar energy and convert it to
essentially the knowledge of the availability of solar radiation thermal energy; these are flat plate collectors and
at that location. Detailed information on the availability of concentrating collectors.
solar energy is needed for its efficient utilization. “Sun
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
drying” is the earliest method of drying farm produce ever
known to man and it involves simply laying the agricultural M. Yahya [1] was intended to play out the sun based helped
products in the sun on mats, roofs or drying floors. This has heat siphon dryer incorporated with biomass heater. What’s
several disadvantage since the farm produce are laid in the more, assessed for drying red chilies, and drying energy of red
open sky and there is greater risk of spoilage due to adverse chilies were assessed. The midpoints of the sun oriented
climatic situation like wind, rain, moist and dust, loss of authority effectiveness, COP of the warmth siphon, and the
product to insects, birds and rodents; totally dependent on productivity of biomass heater were assessed to be about
good weather and very slow drying rate with danger of mould 35.1%, 3.84, and 30.7%, separately. The red chilies were dried
growth thereby causing deterioration and decomposition of the from 22 kg with dampness substance of 4.26 db to dampness
product. The process also requires large area of land takes substance of 0.08 db which required 11 hours, with the normal
time and highly labour intensive. drying chamber temperature, drying chamber relative
In solar drying, solar dryers are specialized devices that stickiness, and an air mass stream pace of 70.5∘C, 10.1%, and
control the drying process and protect agricultural product 0.124 kgs−1, separately, while the open sun drying required
from damage by insect, dust and rain. In addition, it takes up 62 hours. Contrasted with open sun drying, this dryer yielded
less space, takes less time and relatively inexpensive an 82% sparing in drying time. The drying rate was assessed
compared to artificial mechanical drying. The solar dryer can in normal to be about 1.57 kg/h, while the particular dampness
be seen as one of the solutions to the world’s food and energy extraction rate and warm productivity of the dryer were
crises. With drying, most agricultural product can be evaluated in normal to be about 0.14 kg/kWh and 9.03%,
preserved and this can be achieved more efficiently through individually. The commitments of warmth vitality by the
the use of solar dryer. gatherer, condenser, and biomass heater were evaluated in
normal to be about 14.74%, 47.39%, and 37.87%,
1.1 Capturing Solar Energy
individually.
Solar energy can be converted either into thermal energy or
Jaivindra Singh et. al. [2] execution investigation depends on
into electrical energy. This can be done by using of thermal
the exploratory information assortment and counts with
collectors for conversion into heat energy or photovoltaic
Importance of drying and evaluation of energy [5] Sobowale, Sunday. (2015). Design, construction and
consumption evaluation of Solar dryer. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3370.2886.
Nowadays, because of the importance of energy that attracted [6] Hegde, V. N., Hosur, V. S., Rathod, S. K. et al. Energy
much attention, all industrial sectors regardless of the branch Sustain Soc (2015) 5: 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-015-
in the industry, must identify more efficient means of energy 0052-x
utilization. Regarding drying, several methods are available to
reduce the initial moisture content of a product. For example, [7] Adu E. A, Bodunde A. A, Awagu E. F, Olayemi F. F,
water can be removed from solids by mechanical devices such 2012, Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a
as pressure or centrifuge, whereas in the case of liquids, heat Solar Agricultural Drying Tent, International Journal Of
can be reused in a multistage evaporator, which results in Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Volume 01,
appreciable reduction in the overall energy consumption. Issue 10 (December 2012).