Design of Multilevel Car Parking System

A
PROJECT REPORT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Prepared By:
PAWAN KUMAR SAINI (16EMCME040)
SUMIT KUSHWAH (16EMCME709)
VISHAL YADAV (16EMCME059)
ARPIT GUPTA (16EMCME009)
KULBHUSHAN SHARMA (17EMCME203)
NAVEEN KUMAR PANDAY (17EMCME204)

MODERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH CENTRE

ALWAR (RAJ.)
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Dissertation, entitled
“AUTOMATIC MULTI-LEVEL CAR PARKING” in partial fulfilment for the award of
degree of “Bachelor of Technology” in Department of Mechanical Engineering and
submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, MITRC, Rajasthan Technical
University is a record of our own investigations carried under the guidance of Mr. Mukesh
Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Modern Institute of
Technology & Research Centre.

We have not submitted the matter presented in this Dissertation anywhere for the award of
any other Degree.

Name and signature of candidate Name of Supervisor

Mr. Mukesh Kumar

Pawan Kumar Saini (16EMCME040)

Sumit Kushwah (16EMCME709)

Vishal Yadav (16EMCME059)

Arpit Gupta (16EMCME009)

Kulbhushan Sharma (17EMCME203)

Naveen Kumar Panday (17EMCME204)

 Acknowledgements:

Firstly, we would like to thanks the staff of Modern Institute of Technology and Research
Centre affiliated with Rajasthan Technical University, Kota for giving us the opportunity to
enhance our knowledge about the latest technologies.
The modern technology Of multilevel car parking system is initially growing day by day and
we feel glad to be make car parking system generally use where the space is very less
nowadays and the faculties of MITRC COLLEGE recognize us the importance of this
technology to facilitate into the college and to enhance the knowledge of this technology to
other students also.
On the other hand, I’d also appreciate Mr. MUKESH KUMAR, the Assist. Prof. of
mechanical department who always guides us into this technology and motivates us in
learning new skills. He had always focused on our work and always correct us in our
mistakes.

Submitted by:
Pawan Kumar Saini (16EMCME040)
Sumit Kushwah (16EMCME709)
Vishal Yadav (16EMCME059)
Arpit Gupta (16EMCME009)
Kulbhushan Sharma (17EMCME203)
Naveen Kumar Panday (17EMCME204)
 Abstract
With the increased development of mechatronics system and scarcity of land space, this paper
introduces and prospects an engineering application to solve or reduce the mentioned issue by
designing and implementing automated multi-level car parking system. The paper discusses the
research antiquity, brief model methodology, software implementation, design analysis and
recommendations. We save our time and give better safety compare to other system, space
reduced by this operation. Using this technology reduce the problem of parking and control
automatically error chance is less compared to manual.

Keywords – Mechatronics, Multi-level car parking, Automation.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

SR. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

01. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 01 - 06
02. 1.1. Introduction 01 - 02
03 1.2. Parking Issues in India 02 - 03
04. 1.3. Parking Solutions Already Prevalent in India 03
05. 1.4. Types of other Parking Solution Currently Available 04 - 06
06. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 07 - 14
07. 2.1. Literature Survey 07 - 14
08. CHAPTER 3: RELATED THEORY ON AMCPS 15 -19

09. 3.1. Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System 15 - 18

10. 3.2. Characteristics of AMCPS Suitable for India 18
11. 3.3. Necessity of MLCPS 18 - 19
12. CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY 20 - 24
13. 4.1. Project Requirement 20 - 21
14. 4.2. Main Components 21 - 23
15. 4.3. Identifying and sketching the solution 23 - 24
16. 4.4. Construction of parking components 24
17. CHAPTER 5: RESULT, CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 25 - 27
18. 5.1. Advantage 25
19. 5.2. Disadvantage 25 - 26
20. 5.3. Application 26
21. 5.4. Conclusion 26
22. 5.5. Future Scope 27
23. CHAPTER 6: REFERENCE 28
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.
Figure1.1- Parking issue in India 03

Figure 1.2- On street parking 04

Figure 1.3- Off street parking 05

Figure 1.4- Parallel parking 05

Figure 1.5- Automatic multilevel car parking 06

Figure 2.1- Independent access parking system 09

Figure 2.2- Dependent access parking system 10

Figure2.3- Multistory car parking 10

Figure 2.4- Fully automated car parking 11

Figure 2.5- Traditional car parking system 12

Figure 2.6- Multistoried car parking system 13

Figure 3.1- Stacker system 15

Figure 3.2- Rotary system 16

Figure 3.3- Tower system 16

Figure 3.4- Cart type system 17

Figure 3.5- Puzzle system 17

Figure 4.1- 3D Model 21

Figure 4.2- Acrylic sheet 22

Figure 4.3- Lead screw 22

Figure 4.4- Rack and pinion arrangement 22

Figure 4.5- Stepper motor 22

Figure 4.6- Arduino UNO 23

Figure 4.7- IR Sensor 23

Figure 4.8- Frame of acrylic sheet 24

 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The number of cars on the streets of Fiji is increasing alarmingly as there has been an
increase in the variety of motor vehicles which also have low prices. Fiji, being a third
world country, is facing problem in catering these vehicles in available parking spaces
and a time may come when we may not be able to cater for vehicles any longer. A
prominent example of this is the parking spaces at Damodar City (Suva, Fiji) where
parking space is limited compared to the vast number of vehicles which require a
parking area. Vehicle parking is becoming a major problem nowadays. As the
population is increasing, the number of vehicles on the roads is also increasing leading
to an insufficient area to park these vehicles. This creates a greater problem when
people end up parking cars on roads which causes traffic jams.

Multi-storied car parking system will help in parking large number of vehicles
in a smaller area. This Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of vehicles,
floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. Also automating this will help in less
manual intervention and thus will lead to fewer problems.
Such a system has been proposed and designed in this project. Additions are made to
the existing systems to ensure maximum space utilization. To serve this purpose,
parking slots are assigned inside the multi storied structure depending on the size of the
car. Implementation of the design was carried out in AUTOCAD with hardware being
introduced at input and output stages. Programming in AUTOCAD is done in a way
which is user friendly and can be handled by an inexperienced operator.

In today's world the vehicle parking is becoming a big problem. As population

is increasing, number of vehicles is also increasing but the area to park vehicle is not
increasing. And this create big problem to vehicles like car and mini vans for parking.
People end up parking cars on roads which further leads to traffic jam. Multi-storied car
parking system will help in parking large number of cars in smaller parking land.

Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of vehicles, floor after floor and
thus reducing the space used. Such a system is proposed and designed in this project. In
places where more than 100 cars need to be parked, this system proves to be useful in
reducing wastage of space. Here any number of cars can be parked according to the

1
requirement. These makes the system modernized and thus space-saving one. Car
parking issue has some problems with how to control the number of the car inside it.
How to monitor the movement in/out side of the parking lot, how to check whether
there is a place inside for more cars or not and the safety to park. The aim of this
project is to solve these problems by designing a system to control the parking area
using a microcontroller. The microcontroller serves as a programming tool to run the
whole operation, to reduce the cost in terms of requirement such as job opportunity and
to increase security. Moreover, this system is faster, flexible and can meet market
needs.
Human errors are the major source of traffic accidents, therefore building in-car
technologies for checking the parking lot, avoiding accidents and guidance to the
parking facility is turning out to be an integral area for research. The objective of such
technologies is the reduction of the burden on driver, improvement of the traffics
capacity, and provision of reliable and secure car functions.
Criteria for the quality multi stores car parks are:
• Safety in use
• Clear visibility
• Parking-space marking to enable drivers to remember the location of their
vehicles
• Clear views to the outside
• Good natural lighting and ventilation.

1.2 PARKING ISSUES IN INDIA

India has more than 40 million vehicles. But the traffic on roads and parking space has been
an area of concern in majority of Indian cities. In most of the cases, 40 percent of the road
space is used for parking rather than for traffic movement on a normal working day. With
affordable cars launching in the market. Almost every middle-class family owns a car which
adds to the vehicular population in our country. If this trend is followed, no amount of space
will be enough to accommodate stationary vehicles, which will lead to narrower lanes for
movement of public transport. Indian cities face a severe problem of congestion due to the
runaway growth of personal vehicles. Traffic management in the many cities is marked by
the introduction of a series of one-way traffic systems, which have implications on pedestrian
safety and fuel consumption.

2
 One-way traffic is generally desirable only when complementary roads are available.
Acute shortage of parking supply is seen in commercial areas: indiscriminate parking
impedes the free flow of traffic and causes accidents.
The present situation in some areas of Indian cities is such that the demand for parking is
twice the supply. Shortage of parking hinders the free flow of traffic and can also lead to
accidents. It also causes air pollution, traffic jam and driver frustration. Some of the reasons
for parking problems are:
• Low parking prices
• Weak implementation of parking regulations
• Number of vehicles is rising day by day
• The footpaths are not properly constructed so walking environment is not
comfortable. Hence prosperous vehicle owners do not prefer parking their vehicles
three or four meters away.
• Vehicle owners are not willing to pay the parking amount and often end up parking on
the streets so building space for parking can seem like a waste.

So, to avoid all these problems, researchers recently have turned to applying technologies
for efficient parking management (Joshi, Khan, & Motiwalla, 2012) "These technologies
have helped in solving the parking problems to a great extent. Different technologies are
applied at different places according to the parking environment and the type of parking
requirement in that area.

Figure 1.1- Parking issue in India

1.3 Parking Solutions Already Prevalent in India

It is used for optimum utilisation of parking space by utilizing vertical space rather than
horizontal space. The growing population and the increase in vehicles have made the plots
expensive and hence the conventional parking has become non-feasible. Car ramps also
consume a lot of space therefore mechanized ear parking systems prove to be feasible. Multi-
level car parking system (MLCPS) has a number of advantages over the conventional parking
3
system.

1.4 Types of other Parking Solution Currently Available

1.4.1On street parking
On street parking means the vehicles are parked on the sides of the street itself. This will be
usually controlled by government agencies itself. Common types of on-street parking are as
listed below.
As per IRC the standard dimensions of a car is taken as 5x 2.5 m and that for a truck is 3.75x
7.5 m.

Figure 1.2- On Street Parking

4
1.4.2 Off street parking
Off street parking means vehicles are parked off the street itself.

Figure 1.3- Off street parking

1.4.3 Parallel parking
The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. Here there is no backward movement of
involved while parking or UN parking the vehicle. Hence, it is the safest parking from the
accident perspective. However, it consumes the maximum curb length and therefore only a
minimum number of vehicles can be parked for a given kerbed length. This method of
parking produces least obstruction to the on-going track on the road since least road width is
used.

Figure 1.4 Parallel Parking

1.4.3.1 30° parking
In thirty-degree parking, the vehicles are parked at 30° with respect to the roinad alignment.
In this case, more vehicles can be parked compared to parallel parking. Also there is better
manoeuvrability. Delay caused to the track is also minimum in this type of parking.
1.4.3.2 45° parking
As the angle of parking increases, a greater number of vehicles can be parked. Hence
compared to parallel parking and thirty-degree parking, a greater number of vehicles can be
accommodated in this type of parking.

5
1.4.3.3 60° parking
The vehicles are parked at 60° to the direction of road. More number of vehicles can be
accommodated in this parking type.

1.4.3.4 Right angle parking

In right angle parking or 90° parking, the vehicles are parked perpendicular to the direction of
the road. Although it consumes maximum width kerbed length required is very little. In this
type of parking, the vehicles need complex manoeuvring and this may cause severe accidents.
This arrangement causes obstruction to the road track particularly if the road width is less.
However, it can accommodate maximum number of vehicles for a given kerbed length. It can
be above the ground, underground or both above and underground. The above ground
structures are open-deck parking structures.

1.4.4 Automated Multilevel Parking

It is a building which is designed specifically to be for Automobile Parking and where there
are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place.ls essentially a Stacked Car
Park "Multilevel Car Park"- Term Originated in UK, in US it is called a "Parking Structure”

Figure 1.5 Automatic Multilevel Car Parking

So, these are the different car parking systems that are available in India. And of them the
automatic multilevel car parking system is beneficial as compared to all the car parking
available.

6
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Literature Survey

In today's world the vehicle parking is becoming a big problem. As population is
increasing, number of vehicles is also increasing but the area to park vehicle is not
increasing. And this create big problem to vehicles like car and mini vans for parking.
People end up parking cars on roads which further leads to traffic jam. Multi-storied car
parking system will help in parking large number of cars in smaller parking land.
Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of vehicles, floor after floor and thus
reducing the space used. The endless search for free spaces in a car park is a burden for
any driver nowadays since vehicles are a predominant mode of transportation. With
rising number of vehicles and dwindling parking spaces, vehicles parked along the road
and even on sidewalks have become fairly common phenomena. With these parked
vehicles encroaching on road space and pedestrian space, traffic congestion and
accidents are inevitable. A well-organized parking system which makes maximum use
of available space offers a solution to this situation. There are two categories of parking
systems which have been identified. These are traditional parking systems and
multistoried parking system.

In traditional parking systems, vehicles are parked in perpendicular or parallel fashion.

With no safety against the protection against atmospheric conditions, it is not a space
efficient system either. Multistoried parking systems are preferred since they multiply
parking capacity of a given area. Various floors are present for parking the vehicles with
ramps and staircases provided for moving between floors.

There are various types of existing systems that are applied in many countries to improve
parking facilities for crowded areas. This review identifies a few of them. To begin with, Lot-
specific systems use signs to provide parking information that typically contain simple
directions to parking facilities and advise for drivers to find the available space using signs
that typically have both passive and active components. The passive component provides
simple directions to parking facilities, such as with an arrow. The active component
supplements the passive component to advise the traveler of the availability of spaces at the
facility. The advantage of this type of system is that it displays the number of available spaces
in the entrance of car park, in the entrance of each level and at the end of each aisle. It also

7
displays the directional signage for each aisle, showing the driver which direction to follow.
Different colored LED lights help the drivers to differentiate between spaces (reserved,
occupied, vacant or handicapped). It also avoids improper parking. A second type of parking
system is the Floor-Aisle and Space specific Parking Information Systems. These provide
information about the number of places in the car park, including both full and empty places.
They provide more detailed information and are placed in the entrance of car park, on each
floor, at the beginning of every aisle and even in front of every individual place of parking.
This system helps the parking management to manage the parking inventory, allows them to
obtain accurate up-to-the-minute data and helps keep the car park open to its true capacity.
This system has certain advantages and this includes reduced vehicle build-up at entries, exits
and aisles, a shorter vacant slot search times resulting in less vehicle emissions. It also avoids
congestion and unwanted traffic with the help of effective signage within the car parks.
Moreover, at shopping centers, customers can spend more time shopping rather than looking
for parking space and a convenient parking experience will be valued. However, the main
drawback of this system is that from a customer’s perspective, there is no opportunity to
reserve a place in advance which may lead to congestion in front of some available spaces.

A final type of parking system that could be identified was the Online Reservation Systems.
This is one of latest trends in parking management system, this facility enables the driver to
reserve a parking place in any multi-story park through the website or mobile phone
application, and pay online in order to reserve that place, thus they will receive a message
containing information about the place of parking in that car park. This mechanism is very
useful for reducing the time it takes to find a place. This approach is implemented in many
countries such as the U.S. In 2004, Mobile Parking LLC and Spot Scout TM are two
companies that offer clients or drivers the chance to check for available spaces in about 400
parking area in 50 cities across the U.S., using their radio, cellular telephone, or computer, it
was used to reserve a place in any type of parking area, not only multi- story park. The
benefits of this system are that reduced time is spent for parking spaces and reduced
frustration of visitors and easier access to parking place. There is also reduced effort for
venue operators in order to satisfy the customer, since they will be responsible for choosing
the place not the venue operator. Parking operators will also benefit from increased
occupancy and associated increase in revenue as customers will pay for advanced
reservations besides the cost of parking. However, there are few drawbacks of this system as
it is expensive to implement everywhere, the architecture of the system may require a lot of

8
equipment, which in turn requires a huge budget. It also requires huge amount of time, cost
and effort to implement and finally it needs sophisticated and modern technology.

There are different types of Automatic Multilevel Car Parking’s available in India.
1. Independent access parking systems
2. Dependent access parking systems
3. Multi-storey car park
4. Fully Automated car parking

1. Independent access parking systems:

This system allows vehicle access without a valet. The Lift-Sliding Parking System allows
drivers to retrieve their own vehicles, after which another car slides over to take its place
while a mechanical car lift brings up another car.

Figure 2.1 Independent access parking system

2. Dependent access parking systems:

This system requires a human attendant (usually a valet). The parking system stacks two,
three, or four vehicles in an area usually occupied by a single car. A trained operator uses the
Lift-sliding Parking System to raise the vehicle on a mechanical car lift, which creates an
additional space for another vehicle to be stored below. This process is repeated until the
system reaches capacity. To retrieve a vehicle, the operator removes the vehicle below (at
grade position) in order to lower the mechanical car lift and return the stacked vehicle
requested. Fully-automatic system and semi-automatic comes under this category.

9
 Figure 2.2 Dependent access parking system

3. Multi-storey car parks:

A multi-storey car park, also called a parking garage, parking structure, parking ramp, or
parking deck is a structure designed specifically for automobile parking where there are a
number of floors or levels on which parking takes place. It is essentially a stacked car park.
The Multi-storey car parking system can either be fully automatic or semi-automatic and are
suitable for installation in basement and in open spaces outside commercial building,
residential building, shopping malls, restaurants and hotels etc. The unique feature of this
system is that it maximizes the number of cars parked in a given floor space substantially.

Figure 2.3 Multi-storey car park

4. Fully Automated car parking
Automated Car Parking System is a fully computer-controlled mechanism which becomes
user friendly as it ensures maximum utilization of space allowing the machines to park the
car in the allocated space. Fully automated parking systems use auto car lifts they are
designed for high density parking. These parking systems allow for virtually unlimited
stacking capacity and provide fully integrated storage and retrieval functionality. The system
allows the driver to drive up to a Park and Drive Station. After the driver exits the vehicle, a

10
robotic shuttle transports the vehicle onto the Vehicle Transfer Centre, which then transfers
the car to a designated parking stall. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster in an automatic
car park or a self-park car park depends on the layout and number of exits.

Figure2.4 Fully automated car park

In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop
their infrastructure. One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximize car
parking capacity by utilizing vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. With land in
metros and 'A' grade city becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller, conventional
parking is proving infeasible.

The term multi-level car park is used in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and many
Commonwealth of Nations countries. In the western United States, the term parking structure
is used especially when it is necessary to distinguish such a structure from the "garage" in a
house. In some places in North America, "parking garage" refers only to an indoor, often
underground, structure- outdoor multi-level parking facilities are referred to by a number of
regional terms:
➢ Parking garage-is used in the Western United States, Eastern Canada and by civill
engineers;
➢ Parking deck-is used in the Southeast
➢ Parking ramp- is used in the upper Midwest, especially Minnesota and Wisconsin, and
has been observed as far east as Buffalo, New York
➢ Parked- is used in Canada and South Africa
➢ Parking building- is used in New Zealand.

11
Architects and civil engineers in the USA are likely to call it a parking structure, since their
work is all about structures, and that term is the vernacular in some of the western United
States. When attached to a high-rise of another use, it is sometimes called a parking podium.
United States building codes use the term open parking structure to refer to a structure
designed for car storage that has enough openings in the walls that it does not need
mechanical ventilation or fire sprinklers, as opposed to a "parking garage" that requires
mechanical ventilation or sprinklers but does not require openings in the walls. The openings
provide fresh air flow to disperse either car exhaust or fumes from a fire should one break out
within the structure in today's time and age, vehicles are a predominant mode of
transportation. With rising number of vehicles and dwindling parking spaces, vehicles parked
along the road and even on sidewalks have become fairly common phenomena. With these
parked vehicles encroaching on road space and pedestrian space, traffic congestion and
accidents are inevitable. A well-organized parking system which makes maximum use of
available space offers a solution to this situation.
There are two types of parking systems:
• Traditional parking systems
• Multistore parking systems

In Traditional parking systems, vehicles are parked in perpendicular or parallel fashion. With
no safety against the theft or protection against atmospheric conditions, it is not a space
efficient system either.

Figure 2.5 Traditional parking system

Multistore parking systems are preferred since they multiply parking capacity of a given area.
Various floors are present for parking the vehicles with ramps and staircases provided for
moving between floors. These types of systems are expensive to build and require manpower

12
for co-ordination. To make system automated and less expensive, stacking systems are used.
In these systems, lift is available for moving the vehicle from one floor to another. The actual
parking of the car is controlled manually by operator.

Figure 2.6 multi-storeyed parking system

India being the second most populated country with a population of 1.2 billion and counting,
the transportation sector is in an alarming position. Parking vehicles is becoming a nuisance
each passing day forcing people to park their vehicles on roads, thus becoming the major
cause of traffic jams. Automatic multi-level car parking system plays a vital role in avoiding
this mess and parking of more and more vehicles is made possible in an arranged manner.
This project aims at construction and designing of the micro controller based multilevel car
parking system using IR sensors. This project consists of IR receiver and transmitter that
controls the automatic gates and vehicle detection as it passes through it LCD display is used
to display no of cars present and it will display message "parking full" if no space is available
in parking. When a vehicle enters the parking area, the sensors are activated which open the
gate automatically if the lift is free. The other sensor placed in the lift aligns the lift properly
on each floor. The lift takes the vehicle to the assigned floor and the vehicle is debarred from
the lift section to the assigned parking space in the bay and the empty lift returns to the entry
point for assisting other incoming vehicles. In case the lift is busy, a buzzer alarm alerts the
customer wanting him to wait till the lift returns back to the ground floor. Display used gives
us the number of vehicles that have entered the parking area. For car retrieving, the
previously generated ID is entered by the customer that alerts the microcontroller about the
vehicle location (where it was parked earlier) and automatically operates the lift to retrieve
the vehicle from there and is brought to the ground floor where the customer can drive away
his car.

13
"Automatic Car Parking System'", we have built a system which will automatically sense the
entry and exit of cars through the gate and then display the number of cars on the LCD. A
microcontroller i has been used to sense the movement of cars and check whether there is a
capacity for cars to park, we use motors, one is for gate and other is for lifting the lifter
carrying the car. Gate is open when motor is rotated clockwise and closed when motor rotated
in anticlockwise. It is also possible to open a gate when any car enters in the parking lot or
close the door when a car exits from it. Infra-red sensor, which are mounted each floor. We
built a project with a Parking of multi floor simultaneously, it will display the number of cars
present in the parking lot on an LCD screen and opens the gate if there is a space for the car
to park. When all the spaces are occupied then LCD displayed NO vacant space and the gate
is not open. The sensing of entry and exit of cars is done through infrared transmitters and
receivers. The infrared transmitter is mounted on one side and the receiver is placed directly
against the transmitter. When a car arrives, the infrared beam is blocked by the car and the
receiver is devoid of infrared. Message is sent to the microcontroller according to it the car is
parked. The procedure for the exit of cars is much similar to that of entry. We use card.
Whenever the car gets enter in the parking area it must show the card to the card reader and
detect the card. Then the gate is open car enter into the parking area, gate is closed after some
delay.

14
 CHAPTER 3: RELATED THEORY ON AMCPS

3.1 Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System

In today's world the vehicle parking is becoming a big problem. As population is increasing,
number of vehicles is also increasing but the area to park vehicle is not increasing. And this
create big problem to vehicles like car and mini vans for parking. People end up parking cars
on roads which further leads to traffic jam. Multi-storied car parking system will help in
parking large number of cars in smaller parking land. Automatic Car Parking System enables
the parking of vehicles, Floor after Floor and thus reducing the space used.

Types of automatic multilevel car parking system:

3.1.1 STACKER SYSTEMS

Figure 3.1 stacker system

Car parking stacker is a simple method of parking two cars on a floor space for one car. This
is a semi-automated system where one car will be parked on a Pallet and then lifted up to
park the second car. Safety of cars is ensured with the help of sensors.
Features
1. Semi-automated system.
2. Advanced Safety Features
3. Installation feasibility
4. Easy to Operate
5. Doubled parking space
6. Low maintenance

3.1.2 Rotary Systems

Rotary car parking system works similar to a giant wheel mechanism. Floor space of 3 cars
can be used for parking cars from 8 to 14.

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 Figure 3.2 Rotary system
Features
• Fully Automated car parking system. Easy in operation
• Human & car safety is ensured
• Low maintenance
• Floor space utilization of 3 to 5 times

3.1.3 TOWER SYSTEMS

Figure 3.3 tower system

Elevator (tower) type car parking system is used where minimum space available. Floor
space of 7x7 meter can be used for multi-level car parking and the no. of cars is depending
upon the height of Tower Max. height of 70 meters used where 70 cars can be parked.

Features
1. Fully Automated Car Parking System.
2. Various type Accessibility can be used like smart cards, Parking tickets, PIN Code,
etc.

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 3. No driving through ramp for parking. .
4. Safe and easy to operate.
5. Turn Table System (optional) available to avoid reverse driving during car drive out.

3.1.4 CART TYPE SYSTEMS

Figure 3.4 Cart type system

Chess Type Parking is a fully automated system. Cars parked on pallet will be moving on
roller conveyor to different parking spaces. Customized Software will be developed
depending on no. of levels, no of parking spaces and no. of elevators.
Features
• Fully Automated Car Parking System
• Various type Accessibility can be used like smart cards, Parking tickets, PIN Code,
etc.
• No driving through ramp for parking.
• Safe and easy to operate.

3.1.5: Puzzle Systems

Figure 3.5 Puzzle system

17
The Puzzle Type Car Parking System Is very useful where multiple entrances / exits are
required. Floor space for surface parking can be multiplied with 2 to 5 times, depending on
the height availability. This system reduces the construction cost and multiplies the no. of car
parking which helps in cost reduction. For example parking space for 8 cars can be used for
parking of 36 cars on a Puzzle System with height of 11 Mtrs. Widely used in basement of
buildings for multi-level parking.

Features
➢ Automated / Manual Control system for Operation is available.
➢ Human and car safety is ensured with sensors.
➢ Multiple Car Entrances
➢ Suitable for Underground (basement) as well as above the ground

3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING SYSTEM

SUITABLE FOR INDIAN ENVIRONMENT
Out of all the automatic car parking systems the fully automatic car parking system is the
best suited for Indian environment because of following characteristics:
❖ The car parking system should be multi-storeyed to minimize the floor space required
per car.
❖ A lift has to be provided to take the car to upper stories
❖ Two doors have to be provided in a car lit for entry and exit of vehicle.
❖ LED and LCD display screen on each floor will be provided to display data about the
available and non-available parking slots and in which direction that particular slot is
situated.
❖ Parking of car has to be takes place according to the priority in sequence i.e. from
bottom to top. Car should Parked at ground floor if slot is available, if not, the other
floors are considered by micro-controller from first to top in sequence.
❖ Proximity sensors, motion sensors, load cell etc. are used for accurate operation of
parking, retrieving, detection of empty slot etc.

3.3 Necessity of MLCPS:

• Optimal utilization of space:
Mechanical car parking system is a method of parking and retrieving cars by using pallets
and lifts. It thus removes the need for lengthy drive ways and ramps, accommodating

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maximum cars in minimum space.

• Can be constructed on minimum available space:

MLCPS is flexible enough to solve varied parking problems. It can be sited above or below
the ground or a combination of both and designed to accommodate any number of cars.

• Lower construction cost:

MLCPS are cost effective in terms of construction cost. MLCPS are delivered pre-fabricated
which are assembled on site. As the system is operated automatically, added expenses of
underground parking such as building structure, providing lighting and security are avoided.

• Low maintenance and operational cost:

Operating cost is low since mechanical car parking systems requires less energy to run.
There is no need for energy intensive ventilating systems as the cars are not being driven
inside the parking lot. Cladding can be specially selected to match the building's facade.

• Safety of vehicle:
MLCPS provide complete safety to a vehicle as parked cars are not accessible to anyone else.
Damages or a dent to the car is avoided while parking through narrow drive ways.
• Environment friendly:
Environmentally, mechanized car parking has much to offer. One of the greatest benefits
related to conventional underground or open space parking, is the saving of ground space.
Outdoor space saved can be put to good use with gardens and landscaping or additional
buildings. It also significantly reduces noise and other pollutants.
• Benefit to a driver:
Car driving now can become a pleasant experience. Mechanical car parking systems makes
parking easier and less stressful as the driver does not have to drive through the entire parking
lot looking for a place to park, nor do they have to attend the car when it is parked, thus
saving a lot of time. Difficulty in parking in a tight corner is also eliminated.
• Benefit to builder:
By using MLCPS, floor area and the volume of the still/ garage can be used much more
efficiently. It reduces the space needed to park the same number of cars or allow car parking
where previously there would have been no room. This in turn means more financial gains by
saving precious real estate space.

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 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY

4.1 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS:

The need for a solution of a car parking system for various reasons such as; efficient use of
space of land, lack of time consumption, secure, environmentally friendly and comfortable
for the drivers has been discussed.

The proposed solution for this problem, is an automated multi-level car parking system. The
vehicle parking areas will be elevated to a certain level. A system as such would be
inexpensive compared to the normal parking, since the value of land to be used for normal car
parks would add expense to its total cost, this is because the value of land increases as days go
by.

The requirements that our solution meets are:

• Optimal utilization of space

• Low maintenance cost

• Low operational cost
• Low constructional cost
• Secure
• Environmentally friendly
• Comfortable for the drivers
• Automated

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 Figure 4.1 3D model

4.2 Main Components:

I. Acrylic sheet
II. Lead Screw with Couplings
III. Rack & pinion arrangement
IV. Servo motors
V. Slider
VI. Arduino and sensors

4.2.1 Acrylic sheet

Acrylic is a transparent plastic material with outstanding strength, stiffness and optical
clarity.
USE: parking frame, slider

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 Figure 4.2 Acrylic sheet
1. Easy to Shape
2. Lighter than Glass
3. Stronger than Glass
4. Highly Transparent
5. Easy to Clean
6. Easy to Maintain
4.2.1 Lead Screw with Couplings
I. A lead screw turns rotary motion into linear motion
combining a screw and a nut where the screw thread is
in direct contact with the nut thread.
II. Couplings are used to Connect Motor Shafts to Lead
Screws. Couple your shafts end to end.
Figure 4.3 Lead screw
USE: Motion in X & Y direction
4.2.2 Rack & Pinion Arrangements

Figure 4.4 rack and pinion arrangements

A pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion.”
A bar shaped gear with a flat surface radius of a cylindrical gear is called a rack, and a
meshed spur gear is called a pinion.
USE: To move the car into slot.
4.2.3 Stepper motors:
A stepper motor, also known as step motor or stepping
motor, is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full
rotation into a number of equal steps.
USE: To provide motion Figure 4.5-stepper motor

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 4.2.4 Arduino Uno (Microcontroller)
1. The Arduino Uno is an open-source
microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller
and developed by Arduino.cc.
2. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog
pins, and programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) via a type B USB cable.
3. It accepts voltage between 7 and 20 volts. Figure 4.6 Arduino UNO
USE: used for controllable programming

4.2.5 IR SENSOR:
An infrared sensor is an electronic device, which emits in order to sense some aspects
of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects
the motion. These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than
emitting it that is called a passive IR sensor.

Figure 4.7 IR sensor

4.2.7 HUMAN SENSOR:

Human sensing encompasses a range of technologies for detecting the presence of a
human body in an area of space, typically without the intentional participation of the
detected person. Common applications include search and rescue, surveillance,
and customer analytics

4.3 Identifying and sketching the solution:

The best way to put any ideas in action is to sketch it up. Thus, all the structures and the
components needed were either sketched or listed down. In this research a scale down 3 level
parking space model was considered during the design phase. A thorough research work was
done to identify the appropriate size that is needed for a vehicle to be parked in, depending on
the size the uncertainties were also considered to prevent the vehicles from getting damaged.

23
First of all, by looking at the size of the car that will be used as a model for hardware
development this research multiple toy car were used during the experimental stage and came
up with dimensions of the car park area.

4.4 Construction of parking components:

Figure 4.8 Frame of acrylic sheet

4.4.1 Design and implementation of the horizontal X movement

A lead screw was used to cater for the horizontal movements. The threaded lead screw is
rotated by the motor. The center of the base is connected to the lead screw. As the lead
screw spins the base starts to move. On the other hand, the base of the system and the axial
column will be mounted. So as directed by the microcontroller the motor will spin to get
the vehicle in the right position for parking.
4.4.2 Design and implementation of the vertical Y and Z movements
For the vertical movement, a motor was used to move the ramp up and down. The system or
component that will move vertically.
The platform is connected with a belt to the side of the platform to lift it up and also to move
it down. The pinion and rack gear system will move the vehicle in and out, which will be
driven by the motor.

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 Chapter 5: RESULT, CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 ADVANTAGE:
1) LESS REQUIREMENT OF SPACE:
Since it is a multilevel parking structure it requires less space and it can accommodate
more no. of cars as compared to the normal car parking system.
2) NO HUMAN ERROR:
As this is purely an automated multilevel car parking human error is not involved so
many problems like accidents can be avoided by using this car parking system.
3) MORE ACCOMODATION:
As it is a multilevel car parking system more no. of cars can be easily accommodated
in a small area.
4) ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY:
It requires less space and some amount of pollution is reduced as the user need not
find the parking area and park there instead it is done by elevator automatically.

• Less pollution

• Security from theft and Car Damage

• Save your space, time and money

• Simple structure, simple operation

• Speedy system, moves smoothly, not noisy

• It can be constructed and implemented in residential areas.

• Eco-friendliness.

5.2 DISADVANTAGE:

• COSTLY: As it is a multilevel car parking system the cost required to construct it

would be more than the normal car parking system.
• POWER SUPPLY: As to drive the entire multilevel car parking system more amount

25
 of power supply required is more and if power fails then the entire system stops
working.
• COMPLEX: It is more complex to design the infrastructure of multilevel car parking
system as compared to the normal parking system
• MAINTENANCE: Multilevel car parking system facilitates support for hundreds and
thousands of vehicles that enter the parking slot so the structure deteriorates much
faster so the maintenance required is much more in this case.
• Preferred shaded parking spaces in the summer.
• Parking lots also tend to be subject to contamination.
5.3 APPLICATION:
• At industrial areas
• At malls
• At residential area
• It is widely useful in shopping complexes and theaters & it is very convenient

5.4 CONCLUSION:

The Proposed designed in this paper has been successfully completed and tested with
integration of the features of every hardware component for its development. The main
purpose of our project is to build up automatic car parking system demo, to face the challenge
of automation in practical, we need a vast knowledge. In this project, we worked with
Microcontroller based control system. We also tried to differentiate among different types of
automation and control systems. In here we also tried to give proper security of the vehicle.
To increase the knowledge about automation, this project will obviously be very helpful.
Nonetheless, this project can further be modified or developed any time to offer more
flexibilities and facilities. It reduces traffic and pollution problem to great extent. We can
park more cars in small space. We also reduce time and cost required for conventional
parking system with high degree of security. So, we conclude by saying "DEMAND FOR
ENERGY EFFICIENT, SUSTAINABLE AND GREEN SOLUTIONS".
• Important factor in traffic areas

• Stepper motor plays a vital role.

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5.5 FUTURE SCOPE:
The basic idea behind a solar parking lot is simply to incorporate solar panels into a carport,
which is basically an open-sided shed with a roof. Solar carports can be small enough to hit a
single car at a residence, or scaled up for commercial and institutional purposes. The main
benefit, of course, is to generate renewable energy that can be used to lower utility costs on
site, or example at a mall or office complex. Depending on the scale, the installation could
also yield excess energy in the form of electricity for sale. A solar carport can also help
reduce the "heat island." effect of parking lots and contribute to a cooler community, and by
providing protection from the elements it can help enhance vehicle lifespan.
Solar typically meets up to 35 percent of a space's total power requirements and can typically
save up to 15 per cent in energy costs. These 'sustainable car parks' also have short pay back
periods (five to eight years) and offer multiple benefits by providing both shade and
electricity.

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 CHAPTER 6: REFERENCE

• S. Lee, D. Yoon, A. Ghosh, “Intelligent Parking Lot Application Using Wireless

Sensor Networks”, International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and
Systems, pp.48-57, 19-23 May 2008.
• J. Takahashi, K. Sekiyama, T. Fukuda, “Cooperative Object Tracking With Mobile
Robotic Sensor Network”, Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems. Springer,
Berlin, pp 51–62, 2009.
• H.G. Jung, D. S. Kim, P. J. Yoon, J. Kim, “Uniform User Interface for Semi-
Automatic Parking Slot Markings Recognition”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.,
vol.59, no.2, pp 616–626, Feb. 2010.
• L. Wenghong, X. Fanghua, L. Fasheng, “Design of Inner Intelligent Car Parking
System”, International Conference on Information Management, Innovation
Management and Industrial Engineering 2008.
• E.M.T.M.Y. Idris, "Smart Parking System," Journal of Information Technology, pp.
114-127, 2009.
• T. Moran, J. Meiners, “The Arrival of Problem Free Parking”, Autom. News Eur.,
vol.11, no.24, pp. 8, Nov. 2006.
• K.A.A. Albagul, "Design and Fabrication of an Automated Multi Level Car Park
System", Manufacturing Engineering Automatic, 2014.

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