 Bitumen- also known as Asphalt, is a sticky, black,
WATER PROOFING
Is the process of making an object or structure
waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains
relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress
of water under specified conditions. Such items may
be used in wet environments or underwater to
specified depths.
The History of Liquid Waterproofing.
 The first liquid coatings used in a
waterproofing capacity would have been
natural bitumen and date back to biblical
times.
 In the mid to late 1800s natural bitumen was
in extensive use in roof waterproofing
 It was not until the 1910-1920 period that
bitumen waterproofing moved into the
factory.
 Between 1945 and 1955, various resin
technologies were developed.
 In the 1960s and 70s, reactive acrylics,
acrylic emulsions, styrene butadienes and
unsaturated polyesters were developed.
 In 1975 the first water based elastomeric roof
coating was released on to the UK market.
Types of Waterproofing Methods for Buildings
1. Cementitious Waterproofing- is the easiest
method of waterproofing in construction.
2. Liquid Waterproofing Membrane- is a thin
coating which consists of usually a primer
coat and two coats of top coats which are
applied by spray, roller, or trowel. It offers
more flexibility than the cementitious types of
waterproofing.
3. Bituminous Coating- is also called as
asphalt coating. The most common
applications of bituminous coatings include
areas that are beneath screed wet. It is an
excellent protective coating and
waterproofing agent, especially on surfaces
such as concrete foundations.
4. Bituminous Membrane- is a popular
method used for low-sloped roofs due to their
proven performance. Bituminous
waterproofing membrane have torch on
membrane and self-adhesive membrane.
5. Polyurethane Liquid Membrane- is used
for the flat roof area and exposed to
weathering. This waterproofing method is
expensive.
Materials used for waterproofing
Materials used for roof waterproofing
and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of
petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or
may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch.
 Tar paper-is made of paper or fiberglass mat
impregnated with tar. It is one of the most
popular solutions for waterproofing roofs due to
its relatively low cost. It is often users as an
underlayment with wood, shake, and other
shingles as it is not very wind- or sun-resistant
by itself
 Roofing felt- is somewhat similar to tar paper.
It’s made of two layers: the first layer is made of
polymer reinforced with glass fibers. The top
layer is made of mineral granules. Both layers
are encapsulated in a bituminous mixture. Felt
paper is used beneath other building materials
providing a secondary weather protection layer.
 Polyurethane waterproofing- is another
solution for waterproofing your roof. The product
comes in the form of an elastic liquid that forms
an abrasive coating after it has dried. It
successfully penetrates the cracks in wood or
concrete roofs, hardening the outer surface and
making in more thermal and UV resistant.
Advantages of waterproofing:
 Variety of options
Depending on the level of water damage or
owner preference, waterproofing systems
can be installed indoors or outdoors.
 Property value
Waterproofing increases your house’s value,
which is the biggest advantage. This system
prevents unwanted moisture from seeping
into your walls, thereby allowing mold to
grow. Mold can impact our health in a
negative way.
DAMP PROOFING
Difference between damp proofing & water proofing
 Damp proofing is intended to keep out soil
moisture, while waterproofing keeps out both
moisture (or water vapor) and liquid water.
Dampness
 Dampness is presence of hygroscopic
moisture.
 Dampness in building leads to unhealthy
condition and unsafe from structural point of
view.
 It is serious deterioration of stability of
structure.
  To check the entry of water or moisture into TERMITE CONTROL
building, Damp proof coarse is plated at
various levels of building. WHAT ARE TERMITES?
 Now a days, all building with damp proof  Termites are little insects that are termed
coarse to prevent from affecting a building along with the ants.
and person living in building.  The scientific name for Termites is
Source of Dampness ISOPTERA.
 Termites generally feed on dead plant
1. Geological and climate sources material which consists of: wood, leaf litter,
The various source under this, are; soil or animal dung/poo.
 Rain water penetration
 Ground moisture
 Condensation due to atmospheric moisture LIFE CYCLE OF TERMITES
 Poor drainage at site
 Orientation of building
2. Structural sources
 Improper construction of various parts
 Joints in roof
 Joint in wall
 Improper coping
3. Use of poor materials in construction
Effects of Dampness
 Create unhealthy living and working
condition
 Deterioration of
1. electrical fitting
2. flooring
3. timber i.e. door & windows
 Unsightly patches are formed wall surface
and ceiling
NON-CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Types of Damp Proofing
Some ways to keep termites out do not involve the
1. Integral damp proofing application of insecticides. For example:
2. Membrane damp proofing One such method is a physical barrier, typically
3. Surface treatment of damp proofing incorporated during construction.
4. Cavity wall construction Steel mesh and sands of particular sizes have been
5. Guniting shown to perform effectively as physical barriers.

Process involved in damp proofing

CHEMICAL TREATMENT
1. Preparation of surface
 cleaning of surface THERMITE BAITS
2. Priming - consist of paper, cardboard, or other acceptable
 application of priming coat termite food, combined with a slow-acting substance
 initial coat of bitumen lethal to termites.
 at pressure of 1.5 kg/ m2 CONVENTIONAL BARRIER TREATMENTS
3. Application of DPC The most common technique for treating
 last coat is applied over initial coat termite infestations is the soil-applied barrier
 application done by brushes or sprayers treatment. Termiticides used for barrier
treatments must be specifically labeled for that use.
PARTS OF BUILDING AFFECTED BY TERMITES THERMAL INSULATION
Is a foam with foil that helps for the reduction of heat
transfer between objects in thermal contact or in
range of radiative influence. It is usually put in attics.
Types of insulation materials:

 Fiber glass – is one of the most effective and

PREVENTION
Pre-construction anti-termite treatment is
considered as most effective way to prevent termite
invasion in buildings.
In this soil under the foundation is treated with
chemicals. A chemical barrier is formed between
ground and brickwork of the foundation to avoid
termites access to the building.
Post construction anti-termite treatment is
conducted after the completion of the construction of
the building. This normally consists of re-using
termiticides to the soil around the foundation. Also
treat the floors of the rooms by making holes under
floors and fill them with chemicals for Termite
Control.
commonly used insulators in homes. It is made
of tiny fiber glass woven together and appears
as the pink fluffy stuff you may see in the attic.
 Mineral wool – does not have additives to make
it fire resistant. It can be purchased in bats or
as a loose material. Mineral wool refers to
several different types of insulation:
 Glass wool – fiberglass manufactured
from recycled glass.
 Rock wool – made from basalt.
 Slag wool – produced from the slag from
steel mills.
 Cellulose – one of the most eco-friendly forms
of insulation. It is made from recycled
cardboards, paper and other similar materials
and comes in loose form. It might be an
excellent product for use in minimizing fire
damage.
 Polyurethane – excellent forms of insulation. It
is non-chloroflourocarbon gas for use as a
blowing agent.
 Polystyrene – is a waterproof thermoplastic
foam which is an excellent sound and
temperature insulation material.

ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT
 Pre-Construction
The various operation involved in this
treatment are as follows
I. Site Preparation
II. Soil Treatment
III. Structure Barriers
 Post Construction
 This treatment is applied to existing buildings
which are already attacked by termites