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    AAR at Moxotó GS - Remedial Measures Development and Implementation PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pablo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AAR AT MOXOTO GS - REMEDIAL MEASURES DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION. A.J.C.T. Cavalcanti - Companhia Hidro Elétrica do Sao Francisco. J.F.A. Silveira - PROMON Engenharia Ltda. BRASIL. SUMMARY From the time it went operational, Moxoté Hydroelectric Power Plant, built between 1972 and 1977, began presenting problems of cracks in the concrete, ovaling of circular openings, loss of alignement of turbine axis and others, These problems culminated in 1981 with the runner blades scrubbing the throat ring at the draft tube in all four generating units. Based on data collected though specially installed instrumentation, through studies carried out on a tridimensional mathematical model and through péfographic analysis, it was concluded that the main cause of these problems was concrete expansion due to alkali-aggregate reactivity, where strained quartz was identified as the reactive mineral. After several analysis it was finally decided that the cutting of slots to open the contraction joints between blocks would be the most efficient measure to attenuate the observed problems. The instrumentation measurements made before, during and after joint cutting are presented, including the concrete expansion strain rates, joint displacements and axial stresses at the stay vanes. Keywords: Alkali-aggregate reactivity, concrete expansion, instrumentation, joint cutting, 1 INTRODUCTION This work presents the main observations from the results of the instrumentation of Moxoté GSconerete structures, after the cutting of three central expansion joints, and the comparison of the measurements with those predicted by mathematical models, Further informations on Moxoté GS, on the investigations about alkali-aggregate reactivity and on the decision of cutting contraction joints may be obtained from Ref, [1] to [4]. 2 CONTRACTION JOINTS CUTTING ‘The cutting of the contraction joints between Power Units was achieved by the technique of abrasion using helicoidal steel cables, water and carborundum. Six cables were used to aseure a joint opening of 30 mm, as indicated in Fig. 1. ome A Fama The total area of each joint was 700 m2, and seven months were spent in the first joint and three months for each one of the second and third joints, as described: Joint Cutting period 2/3 Mar/09/88 - Sep/30/88 1/2 Mar/25/89 - Jun/30/89 3/4 Jan/91 - Dec/91, with some stoppages FIG. 1 - INDICATION OF THE CUTTING SLOTS ALONG THE CONTRACTION JOINT 3 INSTRUMENTATION PLAN onrRAcTION_soinT ‘The permanent instrumentation system of the Power House is composed by the instruments indicated on Table 1, instaled in 1984 when the causes of the problems, such as the scrubbing between turbine runner blades and the draft tube liner and the ovaling of the generator stator, were being investigated. TABLE 1 - Instruments installed in the early investigation stage. After the decision of cutting expansion joints to attenuate those problems caused by AAR, the initial instrumentation was complemented near the joints in order to evaluate cutting Performance. The location of these instruments and of those previously installed and used in this evaluation is indicated in Fig. 2. S & 8 Wu a = LEGEND c EM + MULTIPLE EXTENSONETER PT - INVERTED PENDULUM BA - DETACHABLE JONMETER BASE z GS- currina area a7 —_ iC + ey 5 T pew | AIRS RES me. S 7 > SECTION x (rvPicaLy < a Setar FIG.2- LOCATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS NEAR THE CONTRACTION JOINT 4 STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR From the instruments previously installed, the multiple extensometers gave the best measurement of concrete expansion. From 1984 to 1988, before joints cutting, the concrete expansion was uniform, with a vertical strain rate of 81 micro strain per year. Fig. 3 shows the evolution of the deformations measured by rod 2 of the multiple extensometers, Since its installation, whereas Table 2 presents the concrete average expansion rates er year, as observed before and after joints cutting, for rods 2 and 3 of the extensometers. T +00. = alr 2 -00 S 8 00. + + : | te 3 | 2 sco 5 . E 00 *600- | dental | ler Wa ok 3 girrme | Stiye Tae -100: eS ats gunn UaNer sania anes dante a (mltnstrument 401 FIG. 3 -MULTIPLE EXTENSOMETER MEASUREMENTS (ROD 2) TABLE 2 - Multiple extensometers: expansion rates before and after joint Cutting. | MICROSTRAIN PER YEAR | EXTENSOM. [7 AUG/84 TO MAR/6B | JUNE789 TO JANTOz | 75 # Obs.: Instrument damaged during joint cutting. The following main points may derived from the observations: & During the following 2.6 years after cuting joints 1/2 and 2/3 there was an average reduction in the concrete expansion rate of 30% for rod 2 and of 40% for rod 3, as compared with the values previously measured. Extensometer EM-F-7 is an exception, as it did not show a significant variation, probably due to the adjacent rock mass which is a restriction to the deformations. b. Rod 2 of vertical extensometers EM-1 and EM-3 indicated expansion rates 25% above those Reasured by rods 3, probably as a consequence of the tendency that exists to develop an opening between rock and concrete, according to mathematical models studied for Moxot6, in Brasil, and for Sounders in Canada [5]. These expansion displacements observed in the contact region between rock and concrete should not, in reality, cause the opening of a single joint along the Contact, but of several sub- horizontal joints in the foundation rock mass adjacent to the concrete rock interface. This hypothesis will be investigated in the near future through inspections of drill holes using a miniature television camera, ‘Tible 3 presents calculated displacements and deformations due to joints cutting, assuming that the relief caused by the conerete fluency reached 50% of the tension accumulated during plant operation. However, it is difficult to compare measured and calculated deformations, as the Joints were not cut at the same time, taking a period of 3 10 7 months for each cut. TABLE 3 - Multiple extensometers: theoretical strains due to joint cutting, for rod 2. Obs.: (-) tension and (+) compression The inverted pendula, used to measure horizontal and vertical displacements, also indicated a reduction in the vertical concrete expansion, of about 30%, after joints cutting, as ™may be seen on Table 4, TABLE 4 - Inverted pendula; vertical strain rate before and after joint cutting. | eee dec/89-deci91_| Multiple extensometers EM-09 to EM-14, as shown in Fig. 4, designed to follow joints displacements during joints Cutting, and installed from spiral case wall, presented difficulties and

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