AcupuncturePointCompendium2014 PDF

Acupuncture
Point
Compendium
Third Edition
March 2014
Acupuncture Point Compendium
Originally published by the College of Traditional

Acupuncture
First Edition November 1999
Reprinted 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
Second Revised Edition 2004
Third Revised Edition 2014
© C. L. Hatton 2000, 2004, 2014. No part of this publication may be copied,

reprinted, reproduced electronically, or distributed without the express
permission of the Copyright holder. All rights reserved.
Introduction
“Compendium \Com*pen”di*um\, n. A brief compilation or composition, containing the

principal heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system.”1
This is the third edition of the Point Compendium, first published in 1999. Although the
format is unchanged, the text has been revised. As previously stated, where a particular
text indicates a use, or provides an interesting perspective, about a point which stands out
from the range of texts consulted, and is thought to be especially relevant, this has been
referenced within the commentary. An extensive bibliography has been provided
separately.
It is hoped that the Compendium will convey the esteem in which we at the former
College of Traditional Acupuncture held both classical learning and energetic sensitivity.
Context is everything, and the selection, use, and effectiveness of points for any
particular patient depend upon the knowledge, skill, and artistry of the practitioner. It is
the author’s view that deep understanding is best gained by developing an appreciation of
the context of the point, considering the element and official to which it belongs, its name,
where on the body it is found, its relationship to other points and, where applicable, the
energetic nature such as Source point, Entry point, Jing-Well point, rather than
prescriptive assertions and formulas.
Regarding the names of the points, the first name given (shown in bold) is that originally
used at the College of Traditional Acupuncture. Alternative translations are also included,
as there has always been debate about which translation is best. It is the author’s belief
that the variety of possible translations adds to the richness of the material, offering
greater insight into the “spirits” of the points. The idea that each point has a unique
“spirit” or identity, linked to its name and contextualised by its related Official, meridian,
location, etc. is a central tenet of 5 Element acupuncture.
The term “Body, Mind, and Spirit” occurs regularly throughout the text. This construct,
although Western in origin, has been found by generations of practitioners to be a useful
aid in guiding point selection and helping to focus one’s intention when carrying out
treatment. The chief drawback is that it may foster a tendency to ‘psychologise’ the point
names, interpreting them to suit one’s whims, preconceptions, or cultural predilections.
Such tendencies should be resisted. Names such as “Spirit Burial Ground” or “Assembly
of Ancestors” contained specific images and cultural resonances for the people of the
time, in the same way that “Field of Golden Daffodils” or “Sunny Afternoon at the
Seaside” might have for us now. It is essential that we attempt to understand the
identities and qualities of the points as they actually are, and avoid the temptation to add
layers of meanings of modern construction.

1 Source: Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc.
Introduction
Body, Mind and Spirit cannot be divided while we live — the body houses the spirit
much as the Blood houses the qi — and all points affect all levels to a greater or lesser
degree. One of the more remarkable aspects of skillfully practised acupuncture is the
way it helps reintegrate all aspects of the individual, helping the person recover their
autonomy, health and rightful destiny.
Much as Coleridge said of poetry that it is “the best possible words in the best possible
order”, the elegance of a treatment can be enhanced by the careful selection and ordering
of points. Deep study of the nature and functions of the points helps us to develop the
necessary insight required to bring about such treatments.
The section on “energetic nature” gives the classical definition of certain point’s ‘identity’
in the context of the energetic ‘map’, which forms the core of acupuncture point theory.
The section on “indications” provides a brief summary of some of the more common
situations in which the points may be useful. Clearly, the application of the points to real
clinical problems is very much broader than any written document can cover. In 5
Element acupuncture, diagnosis and treatment of the root level of imbalance lies at the
heart of practice. The diagnosis of the patient’s Causative Factor, along with an analysis
of the state of health of the 5 Elements and 12 Officials is based upon the taking of a
detailed case history combined with the ongoing observation of Colour, Sound, Odour
and Emotion. This provides the key to clinical reasoning and point selection.
The Acupuncture Point Compendium was originally intended to serve as a study aid for
students and graduates of the College of Traditional Acupuncture. There have been
frequent requests for it to be made available online. It is now provided in Portable
Document Format (‘pdf’) so that anyone who chooses to may download and access the
Point Compendium freely, within the usual copyright constraints.
Claire-Louise Hatton, Ac.M.
March 2014
ACUPUNCTURE POINT COMPENDIUM BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bertschinger, R. (Trans.) (1991) The Golden Needle and Other Odes of Traditional Acupuncture
Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh
CTA (1996) The Jing Luo: Point Location Handbook
CTA personal class notes 1985 – 2000
Ellis, A. et al (1989) Grasping The Wind Paradigm Press Brookline, Mass.
Deadman, P. et al (1998) A Manual of Acupuncture JCM Publications Hove
Lade, A. (1989) Images and Functions Eastland Press Washington
Larre, C (1994) The Way of Heaven Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C & Rochat, E (1997) The Eight Extraordinary Meridians Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C & Rochat, E (1999) Essence Spirit Blood and Qi Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C & Rochat, E (2003) The Extraordinary Fu Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C & Rochat, E (1995) Rooted in Spirit Station Hill Press New York
Larre, C & Rochat, E (1992) The Secret Treatise of the Spiritual Orchid Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C & Rochat, E (1996) The Seven Emotions Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C & Rochat, E (2001) The Lung Monkey Press Cambridge
Larre, C Schatz, J. & Rochat, E (1986) Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institut Ricci Paris
Maciocia, G. (1989) The Foundations of Chinese Medicine Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh
Manaka, Y. (1995) Chasing the Dragon’s Tail Paradigm Publications Brookline, Mass.
Matsumoto, K. & Birch, S. (1986) Extraordinary Vessels Paradigm Publications Brookline, Mass.
Pirog, J. (1996) Practical Application of Meridian Style Acupuncture Pacific View Press Berkeley
Ross, J. (1995) Acupuncture Point Combinations Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh
Unschuld, P. (1986) The Nan-Ching: Classic of Difficult Issues University of California Press
Venn, L. (1994) Spirits and Functions College of Traditional Acupuncture Leamington Spa
Worsley, J.R. (1982) Traditional Chinese Acupuncture: Meridians and Points Element Books UK
The Lung
Meridian
Point Name LU 1 ZHONG FU Middle Palace Central Treasury Central Residence
Energetic Nature Entry point

Alarm/Front-mu point
Meeting point between Hand Tai Yin and Foot Tai Yin (LU/SP)
Commentary Metal is formed within the earth. The journey of the Lung surfaces in the ‘heavenly’ aspect of the body but begins in the
middle jiao (around REN 12). Adjacent to a band of muscle, LU I can be a point that needs coaxing to reveal itself. This
point is a precious place where the qualities of nourishment and inspiration, Earth and Heaven unite. LU 1 was seen, in
some traditions, as the final point on the Spleen meridian. This point is a reminder of the sheng cycle, mother-child
relationship of Earth to Metal. Middle Palace implies a place of richness as shown in this connection of Spleen and Lung,
uniting heavenly and earthly aspects of the qi before the qi traverses the muscle upwards to LU 2, Cloud Gate. The
pathway echoes the filling of the lungs with breath and the gradual descent of the outbreath, a gentle arching shape.
Middle Palace is the first connection with the incoming heavenly qi and is the start of a new cycle of qi within us. The
nature of Metal is to receive qi from the heavens, and return to the inside, to the yin, condensing and regulating the
pathways of animation while sustaining the heavenly connection, and all points on this meridian are seen with this filter.
The Lung governs the breath and is minister and chancellor to the Heart, relaying the communications of the Heart
wherever the breath travels. Metal deals with first and last, entrances and exits. The spirit of Metal, the P’o, the ‘animal
soul’, or animating instinct, maintains our automatic rhythmic processes of life.
Middle Palace is the first point on the Receiver of Qi, the quality of qi it is able to receive and process plays an important
part in our ability to be present and vital in life. The Nei Jing mentions that in a state of health Metal endows a strong
voice. Metal also deals with boundaries, between first and last breaths, between where the hairs on our skin mark a
boundary between one being and another and between connection and disconnection of Body, Mind, Spirit both within
oneself and with the heavens. Middle Palace, as the first point, initiates and carries all these aspects on the journey of the
Lung meridian.
This point receives Heavenly qi and inspiration and brings the reassurance of feeling correctly connected,
to oneself and the heavens. The quality of that inspiration will affect the Body, Mind and Spirit in its
ability to create balance and maintain purity of connection. If the quality of inspiration and respiration is
weak or contaminated then vitality and clarity will be compromised. Use when the person is unable to
perceive quality in their life or future, or if they are grief stricken, constantly disappointed or stuck in the
past. LU 7, Narrow Defile, can be a good point in combination with Middle Palace to help release grief,
so the Lung qi can descend and allow a fresh intake of inspiration and reconnection with heavenly qi.
LU 1 also reconnects with the richness of the essence that the Spleen sends to the Lungs. To function
well in the world both aspects are necessary, breath and inspiration but also nourishment and strength. In
the ‘Six Authorities’ the Lung and Spleen are the ying qi, responsible for nourishment and defence. LU
1 is the front-mu point on the Lung meridian. Front-mu points become spontaneously tender when their
associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this some consider them mostly for acute situations, but mu
means to “collect, raise, enlist” (Maciocia 1989) and the qi of the associated zang/fu collects at these
points. Front-mu points are yin in nature and can be used in non-acute situations to nourish and
strengthen the particular zang/fu. They can also be combined with the Back-shu point of the same
associated zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and strengthening treatment.
LU 1 Regulates and tonifies Lung qi. Regulates the Upper jiao. Tonifies Ancestral qi. Stimulates the
descending of Lung qi. Resolves Phlegm and clears Heat. The Lung often holds Phlegm formed by the
Spleen.
LU 1 can be used to disperse fullness and stop chest pain. The Lung meridian originates in the middle
jiao and ascends through the Upper jiao and so affects the chest.
Indications Enlivens Mind and Spirit. Tonifies and strengthens the Lung and the inspiration of qi.
To clear Excess conditions which have penetrated to the interior.
Resolving Phlegm and clearing Heat. Chest pain.
© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Point Name LU 2 YUN MEN Cloud Gate Cloud Door
Energetic Nature
Commentary The Upper jiao is the place of mists. The Lung in the Upper jiao is amongst the mists/clouds of
heaven. Cloud Gate is the highest point on the Lung meridian, from here the qi starts its descent.
Cloud Gate doesn’t possess the same invigorating attributes of LU 1, it is more about the ensuring the
free communication with the qi of heaven, maintaining balance and having an overview.
The Lung, in order to distribute the influence of heaven, control the waterways and keep the rhythms
of our automated processes correct must be clear and fresh. When this is not the case the Lung feels
oppressed, with a heavy sadness in the chest. This can feel isolating as if disconnected from the
inspiration of heaven. The path ahead is clouded and obscured and the cycle of meridian qi is already
disturbed. If someone experiences a gulf dividing them from the rest of life, they may appear
detached, remote, superior or vague. Cloud Gate dispels oppression and allows one to feel
reconnected with the influx of the heavens and the rhythmic processes of life. Needling Cloud Gate
enables the Lung to fulfill its office of regulating and descending the qi so inspiration can be clear. At
the level of the Mind and Spirit this allows the clouds of the upper jiao to part and the radiance of life
to be revealed. When thought processes are turgid, cloudy, stuck or rigid, or there is a lack of insight
about feelings and sensations this point can bring clarity.
If there is sense of disconnection, disappointment or deprivation, Cloud Gate can stimulate the
descending of Lung qi and encourage one to breathe fully and freely allowing for the possibility of
receiving more. One of the ways imbalance in the Lung can manifest is through the p’o’s attachment
to the material world, wanting more and more to compensate for the impeded connection with the
heavens or lack of quality within. When the p’o’s influence is disturbed our instinctive responses can
be overly sensitive to changes in environment, or we may feel that life is always happening over there,
anywhere but where the person is. Cloud Gate can settle the spirit and the endless restless quest of the
Lung for connection and quality.
Indications For oppression, feeling lost or dissatisfied.

Use to stimulate Lung qi.
Regulates Lung qi and stops cough.
Clears Lung heat.
Use for channel problems and pain in shoulder and chest area.

Point Name LU 3 TIAN FU Heavenly Palace Heavenly Residence
Celestial Storehouse/Treasury
Energetic Nature Window of the Sky
Commentary The journey of the qi through the Lung meridian started with the Middle Palace, passed through Cloud
Gate and now arrives at Heavenly Palace. This is a powerful point for the Mind and Spirit. Being a
Window of the Sky on the Lung meridian, it has an enlightening and enlivening effect on the senses
and spirit. Feeling shut in, closed off, and foggy mental processing, if originating from an imbalance
in the Lung official, can be helped with this point. It enables the person to feel cleansed, stimulates
and brightens the sense organs and helps the person let go of fears and negativity.
A Window of the Sky allows free communication between the spirit of a person and the qi of Heaven.
This is especially needed when a person feels shut inside herself, unable to participate in life and
relationships. When the Receiver of Qi feels itself to be disconnected from its source, from Heavenly
qi, nothing feels precious in life, everything becomes debased, tarnished or valueless. The Heavenly
quality of this point associates it with inspiration, cleanliness, purity and revitalisation, making it
possible to see things in a new light and with the vitality appropriate to the Lung when healthy. The
Lung has to balance the tension between abundance and severity, as Autumn does between harvest
and withdrawal. Autumn is the time of ‘punishment of criminals’ and crops (Larre & Rochat 1989),
of setting limits. When Lung is in distress it can be severely self-punishing as well as forgetful of the
protective canopy it affords the other officials. Heavenly Palace with its Heavenly refreshing
attributes can restore peace and the clear qi so essential to the Lung.
The name of the point, Heavenly Palace, indicates that these heavenly qualities are present in
abundance, it is a palace or storehouse, a place of plenty; a reminder that Metal needs and receives
nourishment from the Earth as well as from Heaven. The spirit of a person can be nourished and
strengthened with this point. This point can inspire and elevate the spirit and reconnect the person
with a richer quality of life.
Tian Fu is frequently used with LI 18 Support and Rush Out or LI 17 Heavenly Vessel. It can also be
used for its enriching effect with LU 1 Middle Palace or with LU 7 Narrow Defile when there is need
for release and refreshment of spirit.
Indications Powerful point to restore calm and vitality to the Mind and Spirit.
Depression, Claustrophobia, agoraphobia. Forgetfulness
Point Name LU 4 XIA BAI Valiant White Guarding White
Energetic Nature
Commentary A point with less specific intent than the previous three but still mostly used for the Mind and Spirit.
It is a quintessential Metal point, xia meaning valiant, protecting, guarding — the Lung is a canopy,
like a protective roof above the other zang/fu. Bai is White, the colour associated with Metal and with
the sunset and the descending movement of the p’o. The p’o govern perception and instinctive
movement (Larre & Rochat 1989).
Valiant White can be used to potentiate and strengthen the qualities of justice, conviction and
equilibrium, which can be seen as aspects of Metal together with the abilities to gather in, and set
limits- appropriate to Autumn the season of the Lung. LU 4 can be used alone or to amplify and
ground the effects of any of the first three points on the Lung meridian, reinforcing them with the
strength, stability and vitality of the Lung in good health.
A good point for cleansing and resilience.
LU 4 regulates qi and Blood. Relieves pain.
Indications For mental clarity and courage.

Anxiety accompanied by palpitations.
Chest pain and shortness of breath. Disperses the sensation of fullness in the chest.
Pain in the medial aspect of the arm.

Point Name LU 5 CHI ZE Outside Marsh Cubit Marsh Foot Marsh Ghost Hall Ghost
Endurance
Energetic Nature Water point

Sedation Point
He-Sea Point
Commentary Cubit Marsh refers to this point being one foot or ‘cubit’ away from the first position of the pulse at
the wrist. A marsh is a place of water and joyous fertile life. This point can bring malleability to an
overly rigid Mind and Spirit, or reinforce perseverance. Good for patients who are bogged down,
their grief overflowing and swamping their spirit. If there is agitation from yin deficiency this point
might be applicable to help restore calm and bring refreshment to a parched official. Agitation, even
walking fast, doesn’t suit the Lung, its strength lies in inner concentration. Outside Marsh will bathe
and restore calm to the Receiver of Qi.
Opens the Water passages and thus benefits the Bladder. The Lungs are said to govern the regulation
of the waterways, bearing water down to the Bladder and Kidney and keeping the body free of
accumulations of water and problems with urination.
The well being of the Lung and Kidney are intimately related. They are said to be mutually
engendering. The Lungs govern qi and are the Upper Source of Water whereas the Kidney is the root
of qi. On the sheng cycle Water is the child element of Metal.
Regulates and tonifies the Lung qi. Stimulates the descending of Lung qi. Clears Heat from the
Lungs. Expels Phlegm from the Lungs. Moistens Dryness. Relaxes the tendons of the arm.
Dreams of metal objects in water are said to indicate this point.
Indications Retention of Phlegm in the Lungs in combination with Heat (yellow phlegm, thirst) or Cold (white
phlegm and chilliness).
When yin and Body Fluids are deficient after fever, or there is dryness of the skin or throat this point
might be used.
Pain in the arm or elbow, especially if the arm cannot be raised.
Point Name LU 6 KONG ZUI Greatest Hole Collection Hole Extreme Aperture
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft/Accumulation point
Commentary When the Lung feels it is losing connection with heavenly qi, either because the Lung is failing to
descend the qi or because the clear qi of the Lung is failing to rise and diffuse, it can feel as though the
person will fall through the depths of grief forever with nothing to hold on to. Greatest Hole can
enrich the Lung with abundant qi and Blood to strengthen it and re-establish connection.
Blood and qi gather at xi-cleft accumulation points, making them good points to use when nourishing
and strengthening are key issues. The revitalisation afforded by these points, which are not command
points even though they are located in command point territory, has given them the reputation of
being like a ‘periscope’ — they help foster a new outlook and appraisal of circumstances. All xi-Cleft
points are useful for invigorating or dispersing pain or obstruction along the particular channel on
which they are found and are much used in acute conditions.
Strengthens the Lung meridian. Regulates Lung qi. Clears Heat. Stops bleeding. Used for severe
acute conditions, stagnation, and channel problems.
Indications Sustains and supports the Body, Mind and Spirit

Stagnation of Lung qi: e.g. asthma, bronchitis.
Acute heat in the Lungs or Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs.
Channel pain.

Point Name LU 7 LIE QUE Narrow Defile Broken Sequence Eminent Vacancy
Energetic Nature Luo Connecting Junction point with LI 4

Exit point
Opening point of Ren Mai (Coupled point KI 6)
One of Ma Danyang’s “Twelve Points Shining Bright as the Starry Sky”*
Commentary An extremely important point. A favoured point when there is grief, sadness and oppressive feelings
in the chest. Where these feelings have been held in and incompletely expressed it can stimulate a
beneficial release for the patient, often accompanied by tears. The p’o reside in the Lung and long-
term deep sadness and grief can afflict their role in the rhythmic automatic maintenance of the
processes of life, leading to shallow or constrained breathing, tension in the area of the shoulders and
chest and uneasiness of the spirit.
Being the Opening point of the Ren mai, it can open the chest and affect the Upper and Lower jiao.
Used with KI 6, the Coupled point, it tonifies yin, regulates the Uterus, affects and moistens the throat
as well as stimulating the descending of Lung qi and the grasping of qi by the Kidney and so is useful
in chronic asthma from Lung and Kidney deficiency as well as oedema of the face. The far-reaching
effect of LU 7 on the upper jiao also supplies a nourishing influence to the Heart and Pericardium
meridians.
The nose is the opening of the Lung. LU 7 is said to open the nose. It regulates the Lung qi and
stimulates the dispersing of Lung qi to circulate wei/Defensive qi, opening the pores and stimulating
sweating. This ability to release the Exterior means it is often used in the early stages of invasion of
exterior Wind, colds and flu. It is frequently combined with LI 4 or LI 20 in this context. These
combinations may also be used to eliminate toxins from Mind and Spirit. The Receiver of Qi needs to
have the clearest qi possible, otherwise all sorts of distortions can occur in the Body, Mind and Spirit,
leading to depression, narrowed perspective, loss of purpose and a constant sense of disappointment in
life. As the best point to stimulate the descending of Lung qi it is beneficial in all types of cough or
asthma.
Being the luo/junction point with Large Intestine it can affect Large Intestine meridian as well as Lung
meridian problems, including neck, face and shoulder problems, shallow breathing, oppression in the
chest, as well as constipation. The Lung and Large Intestine as Receiver of Qi and Drainer of the
Dregs are key in the beginning and end of life, entrances and exits. The luo-junction point has a
harmonising action on the internal-external relationship of this pairing. Furthermore LU 7 is seen not
just as a junction point for Lung but acts to regulate and harmonise the environment for all the
Officials to work within, because of the role of the p’o in the automatic rhythmic maintenance of life.
The Lung controls the water passages; LU 7 affects the opening of the water passages and is helpful in
patterns of urinary retention from deficiency, which often affects older patients.
Stimulates the descending and dispersing of Lung qi. Circulates wei qi and releases the exterior.
Indications Calms and settles the p’o, opens the chest, releases tension.
Invasion of pathogenic exterior wind Cold or Heat. Sneezing, nasal obstruction, loss of sense of smell.
Channel problems and face pain, headaches along LI pathway.
Constrained qi in the chest. Upper and Lower jiao disharmonies. Sternum pain and itching on the
chest.
*“Splendid at healing a migraine or the whole body lifeless with wandering pains when Phlegm
incessantly blocks above or in lock jaw when you cannot force open the teeth”.

Point Name LU 8 JING QU Meridian Gutter Passing Ditch Channel Canal
Flowing Gutter
Energetic Nature Metal point

Horary point between 0300 - 0500
Jing-River point
Commentary The role of the Receiver of Qi is to inspire the heavenly qi that invigorates and infuses Body, Mind
and Spirit with both spirit and qi. To benefit fully from this, our qi needs to be clear and fresh and
not stagnant or too hot or too dry, otherwise less than clear qi is infused into our entire system. This
can lead to agitation, anxiety that there will not be enough harvest to get us through the winter, or a
refusal to contemplate anything new because we are jaded with detritus. Nothing fresh can reach or
rejuvenate our outlook so life continually falls short of our ideals and disappoints us.
As a Metal point on the Lung meridian, Meridian Gutter carries the essence of the Lung and Metal
element. The cleansing quality of this point protects the Receiver of Qi from contamination and
allows calm inspiration and wise judgement to prevail. Meridian Gutter clears away stagnation,
purifies the Body, Mind and Spirit of poisons, and invigorates and enlivens the Receiver of Qi. Good
for negativity at the level of the Mind and Spirit, when the punishing aspect of Metal prevails over its
protective ‘canopy’ role. Reinvigorating Metal’s responsibility for the automated rhythmic processes
of life, and for descending the qi, can help clear a body blocked by constipation, mucus, or skin that is
lifeless and in poor condition. Flowing Gutter acts to sluice clear the gutters of the Body, Mind and
Spirit from accumulated debris, sometimes clearing it from inside to the surface, so the toxins become
visible on the skin before clearing completely. Meridian Gutter engenders a fresh outlook on life,
renewed vitality and enthusiasm. For the fullest response to this point use at Horary time in Autumn.
It is frequently used in the Autumn, the season associated with Metal, for many patients where
cleansing is an issue.
Jing-River points are where the qi of the meridian is wider and deeper. Qi is flowing like a strong
current at these points. The Su Wen says that qi and Blood at River jing points ‘move and do not
dwell’. At these points exterior pathogenic factors are diverted towards joints, bones and tendons,
thus Nan Jing 68 indicates Jing-River points for ‘Cough and hot and Cold sensations’. Hence Jing-
River points are often used for upper respiratory disharmonies and pain in the sinews and bones.
LU 8 tonifies and regulates the Lung qi.
Indications Disappointment, cynicism, loss of a sense of value in life.

Irregular distribution of heat and cold on the body, especially hands. Toxicity.
Upper Jiao pain, fever and chills. Wrist pain.

Point Name LU 9 TAI YUAN Very Great Abyss Greater Abyss Great Gulf
Energetic Nature Earth point

Source point
Tonification point
Shu-Stream point
Hui-Gathering/Influential point for Blood Vessels
Commentary The spirit of Metal, the animal soul or P’o is responsible for the automatic rhythmic processes of life.
When this responsibility is not carried out and the natural pattern of life is lost, havoc and disarray
disturb the Body, Mind and Spirit. Very Great Abyss can restore order and trust in life. When the
pulses also show irregularity and are weak, deep and nearly impossible to feel (Maciocia 1989), this
point as the Hui-Gathering/Influential point for Blood Vessels can help to clarify the pulses. A
colloquial name for this point is ‘Corpse Reviver’ because of this ability to revive and make apparent
the pulses.
Good for tonifying Lung qi and stopping cough, and for Lung yin. It also tonifies Heart qi and Blood
in the Upper jiao, the Heart and Lung officials being intimately connected here.
Being the Source point and thus activating yuan qi it is strengthening and restorative and good for
both yin and yang deficiency. It is a great re-balancer as Source points are for the meridian on which
they are found. LU 9 tonifies Gathering/ zhong qi and is sometimes combined with REN 17 for
particularly qi deficient patients with weak voice and cold hands. As a shu-stream point the
movement of this point is said to imitate water pouring down deeper, wider and stronger along the
meridian.
When a person is in a state of grief and despair this point, through the direct connection it has with the
Origin, as the source point on the Receiver of Qi, can reach the depths of the being, bringing stability
and calm while revitalising the spirit. When the Receiver of Qi feels insecure there can be a frantic
grasping for things to shore up a sense of internal lack, disconnection and discomfort. As the Earth
point on Lung it brings the resonance of Earth, the nurturance and stability of Earth, to the Lung, the
Official responsible for the inspiration of the qi of Heaven, a reminder of the necessity for these two
functions to unite in the production and maintenance of life.
As the tonification point, it re-establishes this mother-child sheng cycle relationship and has a
stabilizing and nourishing effect when there is emotional turmoil. Very Great Abyss reminds one of
the terrifying sense of free fall when someone feels disconnected from the source when Lung is out of
balance. Worry and oppression can haunt the person. Tai Yuan helps restore the regularity and
rhythm of the p’o, providing a steadying influence.
Good for tonifying the Gathering qi of the chest when there is qi deficiency, cold hands and a weak
voice.
LU 9 is the Hui-Gathering/Influential point for the Blood vessels. The Nan Jing describes the first
position of the pulse corresponding to LU 9 as “the meeting place of all the blood vessels, and the
Lungs give impetus to the pulse” and so at this place you can read the qi within the Blood. Thus LU 9
has a great influence on the blood vessels, circulation and quality of the Blood. It is a great point to
treat skin and Blood disorders stemming from an imbalance in Metal, including haemorrhoids.
It is a first aid point for radiation poisoning and is said to have been used extensively in Japan after the
atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Indications Grief, depression, a sense of deprivation.

Weakness and chaotically out of sorts within oneself.
Lung qi deficiency, particularly long term.
Weak, hard to read pulses.
Tiredness, palpitations and poor circulation.

Point Name LU 10 YU JI Fish Region Fish Border Fish Line
Energetic Nature Fire point

Ying-Spring point
Commentary Fish Region is an extremely powerful point, one of the most powerful of command points. The mix of
Fire within Metal creates a special alchemy, and as with all alchemical processes it has to occur at the
correct time when sufficient foundation work has already been done for the full potential of this point
to be realized. Metal acts as a conductor of Fire’s radiating heat and animation. The resonance of
Fire in the context of the Lung can touch the Spirit of a person in a profound way, opening them and
reconnecting them to a sense of connection and higher purpose within themselves. It promotes a
rebirth of the spirit, facilitating both communication and connection within oneself and with the
Heavens.
The purifying aspect of Fire supports the clear qi necessary to the role of Lung and helps dispel the
tarnish and cynicism with which long term disappointment and grief can afflict the Lung. As the Fire
point in Metal, Fish Region can infuse the Lung with the vitality and mutability of Fire to ease the
rigidity and coldness of Body, Mind and Spirit, into which Metal can fall. When a person is overly
detached, cut off, cannot respond to affectionate communication and is too easily offended, Fish
Region can soften, make malleable and help the Spirit regain the glisten and grace of the Lungs and
Heart in good communication. When the person feels unable to communicate from their shen, is
desperate and isolated, this point helps re-establish the person’s awareness of their connection to their
own shen and also to the qi of Heaven.
Fish Region is activating and expansive and can motivate the Spirit to move on from inertia and
imbalance. If the person has been constantly disappointed and is seeking validation in the acquisition
of material possessions, this point can realign them with their true quest for value and love. It is a
reminder of how closely the Supreme Controller and Receiver of Qi are connected.
It can be used with moxa if the Lungs have become very cold but be wary of overheating the Lungs
and Metal element. More often used to clear Lung Heat in its capacity as a Ying-Spring point,
especially in acute situations.
Indications Depression, desperation, isolation.

Acute or chronic sore throat from Lung Heat or Wind Heat, not the point of choice when there is
retention of Phlegm; for more acute earlier stages of full Lung Heat.

Point Name LU 11 SHAO SHANG Little Merchant Lesser Shang Lesser Metal
Lesser Metal’s Note Scanty Business Ghost Sincerity
Energetic Nature Wood point

Jing-Well point
One of the 13 Ghost points of Sun Si-miao
Commentary Little Merchant, as a Wood point on the Lung meridian can activate the Wood aspect of Metal. The
power and responsibilities of the Wood element: growth, decision-making, planning and benevolence
will be enlivened within the Lung with this point. LU 11 can provide a sense of rootedness and calm
and improve perspective when there is oppression, lack of growth, inwardness, and irritable tension.
These qualities and the revitalization and movement within Metal that this point imparts, can alleviate
irritation and tension at the level of the Mind and Spirit, as well on a physical level, for example from
asthma and agitated skin.
The relationship of Wood and Metal is crucial, it keeps us in the correct relationship between Heaven
and Earth. Their opposing movement and characteristics keep us present in the dynamic tension of
existence. The Liver moves up and outwards to the extremities, the Lung returns us to the interior.
The hun are free to come and go, the p’o are concerned with entering and exiting. Without the
restraint of the p’o, the hun would float off towards the Heavens, without the hun the p’o would
descend into the Earth and our existence as we know it would be finished. Conversely, Wood can
bring decisiveness and the capacity to stop, to the sometimes never ending weighing up of
circumstances that the Lung can get caught in when imbalanced. The imagination, curiosity and
penetrative thought associated with Wood can enhance the instinctive connections made by the Lung
and also prevent it becoming too cut and dried, too prosaic and punishing in outlook. The vitality and
sense of abundance proper to the Receiver of Qi in health can be reinforced by the upward impulse of
Wood in Shao Shang.
Stimulates the dispersing and descending of Lung qi. Jing-Well points are where the meridian is at its
most superficial and narrow. The qi is at its most unstable, easily influenced and dynamic at these
points, this being where the qi of the meridian changes polarity from yang to yin or yin to yang. Qi is
said to move outwards, centrifugally, at these points, which is why they are often used to expel
pathogenic factors early in treatment. By clearing pathogenic Heat the shen is calmed. Little
Merchant expels Heat from the Lung, which otherwise could lead to extreme agitation and shen
disturbance. The ability of this point to clear heat and restore consciousness accounts for its inclusion
as a Ghost point.
Inner calm and strength are essential to the good functioning of the Lung. LU 11 opens the orifices.
Little Merchant restores consciousness as a distal point and restores yang. Invigorates the channel.
Shang is the 5th sound of the Chinese musical scale and is the note associated with Metal.
Indications Acute skin or respiratory disorders. Acute sore throat or fever from Wind-Heat (bleed).
Fainting. Interior Wind. Wind-stroke. Pain in the fingers.

The Large Intestine
Meridian
Point Name LI 1 SHANG YANG Merchant Yang Metal Yang Metal’s Note Yang
Commercial Sunlight
Horary point (0500 – 0700)
Jing-Well point
Commentary The Large Intestine is the Official in charge of the Drainage of the Dregs. It is responsible for receiving
digestive waste, absorbing beneficial fluid from it, thereby transforming it further and then eliminating
what can not be made use of and has no value to us. The condensing and downward movement of the
Large Intestine echoes that of the Lung function of descending the qi, Large Intestine is the yang
partner to the Lung official. Their roles seem completely opposite, but each official complements the
other. Each is connected to the rhythm of life through the breath, and through the work of the p’o,
which deals with all the automated rhythmic processes of life.
The p’o reside in the Lung in life and exit through the Door of P’o, the anus, after death, to return to
the earth. The Metal element is concerned with first and last moments, entrances and exits, inspiration
and elimination. The Large Intestine is the end of a cycle, it discards what is no longer useful so we
can move on to our next experience. Without the elimination and cleansing properties of Large
Intestine there would be no room for the Lung to inspire and expand fully. Large Intestine
distinguishes between what is of value to us, what will nourish us and what will not.
Shang Yang is a great point to reanimate and refresh Body, Mind and Spirit. The Large Intestine
partners the Stomach in yang ming. The yang ming is said to be rich in qi and Blood and so is
frequently used to strengthen and nourish, as well as to clear Heat. The enriching and revivifying of qi
and Blood can be helpful when the Large Intestine has become inert and toxic, contaminating
perception and communication, the resulting sluggishness leading to feeling cold, and physically and
mentally dirty and dingy. This point can help clear energetic and emotional rubbish, enabling a more
realistic appraisal of life. When someone is emotional constipated, backed-up, they can be very
awkward and unaccommodating to others because there is no room for manoeuvre in their experience.
Shang Yang as a jing well point and the Metal point will get the natural rhythms of life restarted.
When we resist change, whether at the level of physical peristalsis, or at a Mental and Spirit level, we
engage in a futile resistance to life. The process of life necessitates many beginnings and endings.
Large Intestine, when out of balance, may continually look to the past if disappointed by the present. If
the Mental level is not regularly stimulated, rigidity and stubbornness can set in, believing there to be
only one right way to do things.
When depleted or disconnected from the vitality of life, Metal can present an unchanging, severe and
cold front to the world. This point helps revitalise an inert Large Intestine. If someone’s system is
polluted, they can feel jaded and cynical or at worst toxic and paranoid. Large Intestine imbalance can
also show as being acquisitive, greedy and selfish about possessions and emotional expression, afraid
that letting something go will mean there is less for themselves. Merchant Yang can help regain a
sense of perspective about the things of true value in life. In a state of health the Large Intestine
propagates the correct, i.e. in harmony with the natural, way of living because it goes with the process
of life contributing to evolution and development.
Merchant Yang is the Metal point on the Large Intestine and will epitomise some aspects of the Metal
element, the need for a sustained connection with Heavenly qi to galvanise it, the quest for purity and
value. As the Horary point it is commonly used with LU 8 Meridian Gutter, particularly in Autumn for
invigorating and clearing out.
As a Jing-Well point, it clears Lung Heat and Wind-Heat. Invigorates the channel, moving stagnant qi,
removing obstructions. Clears and calms the mind particularly in conjunction with ST 45 (Yang Ming
relationship). Regulates the Large Intestine channel.
Indications Inertia, rigidity of Mind and Spirit. Contaminated perspective.

Acute sore throat, fevers with no sweating. Acute conditions involving Wind-Heat, Interior Wind/
Wind-stroke. Pain and numbness in the fingers, shoulder pain toothache along the LI channel.
Wind-Heat affecting the eye.

Point Name LI 2 ER JIAN Second Interval Second Space Double Space
Sedation point
Ying-Spring point
Commentary Part of the role of the Large Intestine is to absorb fluids, if this becomes imbalanced there can be
watery diarrhea or constipation. Peristalsis takes sufficient qi and lubrication to occur. Adaptability
and a willingness to allow the process of life to occur are necessary to enable transformation. The
Large Intestine is said to propagate the “Correct way of living”, and the Will and know-how of Water
can assist Large Intestine in this role. ‘Correct’ implies an ability to live in accord with the nature of
the times and Water with its adaptive properties and its ever forwards movement can smooth the
passage of Large Intestine with its proclivity for stuck-ness and rigidity.
As a Water and child of Metal point on the Large Intestine it has a calming effect. It is also cleansing
and refreshing, and brings lubrication. This know how and Will of Water can help restrain the
impulses and desires of Metal, to override the instinct to grasp for more of what we believe is needed
to satisfy us or shore up our sense of self, when experience indicates that it does not.
As a Ying-Spring point (Ying-Spring points clear Heat from their meridian and organ; they are
energetically strong points with great potential), it clears Heat from the LI meridian.
‘Interval’ or ‘space’ in the name refers to the anatomical location but the idea of an interval reminds
one of the connection with the p’o and the automated processes of life and how certain aspects of
Metal need routine to function unobtrusively; many of the these functions we only notice when they go
out of balance.
Indications Cleanses, lubricates and calms the Body, Mind and Spirit of the Large Intestine.
Constipation from heat in LI.
Arthritis of the fingers.
Fever particularly with abdominal upset or pain.

Point Name LI 3 SAN JIAN Third Interval Third Space Triple Space

Shu-Stream point
Commentary The smooth flow and impetus of Wood qi to move up and out everywhere can assist Large Intestine
when it has become stuck, constipated, ‘irregular’, in Body Mind and Spirit. The resulting toxicity
can impair the functioning of Large Intestine, it may cling on to past glories or old hurts, disregarding
what is of value and nourishment currently and refusing to contemplate change. The forward looking
nature of Wood and its associated power of birth can refresh and invigorate the Large Intestine,
potentiating change and development. Conversely at times the Large Intestine, which is supposed to
complete the work of refining the digestive juices, extracting and distinguishing what is valuable and
expelling what is not, becomes overly focused on endlessly refining, an obsessive dissection and
perfectionism can occur, a kind of hyperactive peristalsis. This can be as alienating for the sufferer as
it is exasperating for those around them. Wood with its ability to call a halt, and its decisiveness can
help Large Intestine broaden its outlook and have a fresh perspective.
LI 3 regulates the Large Intestine. It invigorates the Large Intestine meridian and clears Heat. It
dispels Wind-Heat (as it is a Wood point) and brightens the eye. It benefits the throat, due to the
pathway of Large Intestine.
“Interval” or “Space” in the names of LI 2 and 3 refer to the anatomy, the depressions distal and
proximal to the second metacarpal bone.
Indications Negativity about the future. Constipation at any level.

Local point for arthritis of the hand.
Acute eye inflammation.
Clear Heat from Large Intestine (constipation).

Point Name LI 4 HE GU Joining of the Valleys Great Eliminator Union Valley
Joining Valley Tiger’s Mouth Uniting Bones Holding Mouth
Energetic Nature Source point

Entry point
One of Ma Danyang’s Twelve Points Shining Bright as the Starry Sky*
One of the Nine Needles for Restoring Yang
Commentary LI 4 is one of the classic points of acupuncture. As a yuan-Source point its connection with the Origin
is harmonising and regulating for Body, Mind and Spirit, relieving anxiety. The great self-regulating
capacity of yuan-Source points helps balance the Large Intestine either when it has become bogged
down in the mundanities of life, seeing only the coal face and never the diamonds, the endless
practicalities of life or when, at other times, Large Intestine has become detached from the world,
walled in by memories, resentments or perhaps too deficient in energy to move on in life. When out of
balance, Large Intestine can find it hard to connect with others, even when help is needed, the instinct
to do it their way and be defensive can lead to tension, often exhibited along the pathway as well as in
behaviour. This can be eased by LI 4’s connection with the yuan qi allowing Large Intestine to relax
and move. It strengthens qi and wei /Defensive qi.
LI 4 is a powerful point. As the Entry point, it invigorates and regulates the LI meridian and fu. When
pain originates from the intestines or areas traversed by the Yang Ming channel, LI 4 can act as a
powerful antispasmodic muscle relaxant. The combination of LI 4 with LIV 3 is known as the Four
Gates and is commonly used to treat pain, spasm and tension of Body, Mind and Spirit. Hegu’s ability
to move and tonify the Blood can strengthen muscular tension along the LI channel and strengthen
atrophied muscles.
The name Great Eliminator indicates the function of the Large Intestine not just at a physical level but
also at the level of Mind and Spirit, wherever the system has become blocked, constipated and toxic.
It can help restore imbalance showing as over-refining, verbal diarrhoea, or endless pedantry. Like LU
7, this point can prompt an emotional release, but it engenders calm, equanimity and regularity of the
automated rhythmic processes of life that, under the aegis of the p’o, keep us in harmony with life.
LI 4 is sometimes called the command point of the face and mouth. This meridian directly affects the
face and sense organs. Hegu is often used as a distal point for mouth, nose and eye problems on the
face pertaining to the Yang Ming channel, often in combination with LI 20.
LI 4 is a major point to release to the Exterior, clearing Heat, Wind-Heat and fevers. It strengthens the
dispersing action of the Lungs to release the exterior and expel wind, and is often combined with LU 7
to clear external Wind.
LI 4 is one of the Nine Needles for Returning Yang, so is used as a revival point after a collapse of
yang
It harmonises the ascending of yang and descending of yin, recalling the power of Metal to balance,
and can be used to balance ascending rebellious qi (ST, LU or LIV) or to raise sinking qi.
Indications *“A headache with a swollen face, malarial fevers, burning then cold, tooth decay or a nose bleed,
lock-jaw; when unable to speak, the needle enters five fen deep, the patient then immediately at
peace”.
Pain along the LI channel. Toothache, conjunctivitis, mouth ulcers, nasal congestion, sneezing, hay
fever, sinusitis, trigeminal neuralgia, frontal headaches and facial paralysis where the Yang Ming
channel is indicated.
Constipation from stagnant LI qi.
Empirical point to induce labour, forbidden to needle during pregnancy.
Used for needle shock in acupuncture first aid.
Detoxification point with BL 59, used in clearing the toxins of addiction – alcohol, drugs,
chemotherapy.

Point Name LI 5 YANG XI Yang Stream Yang Ravine Central Eminence

Jing-River point
Commentary Yang Stream as the Fire point on the Large Intestine carries the purifying and animating aspects of
Fire to help revitalize the Large Intestine. When the world has lost its shine for someone, or if they
are preoccupied with self-cleansing or feel unworthy of good things happening to them, the uplifting
and illuminating aspect of Fire within Large Intestine can admit some light into the dark depths of
Large Intestine and promote a fresh outlook. The influence of Fire can help the Large Intestine
reassess what is of value and nourishment and keep its functioning at the correct temperature: too cold
and Metal can be frigid in demeanour, too hot and there is agitation and possibly constipation. The
natural flickering movement of Fire helps counter the downward movement of Large Intestine, it lifts
the Spirit and helps it maintain connection with its purpose and with the shen. Good with LI 4 Great
Eliminator for its purifying and eliminating qualities.
Severe imbalance to the p’o and shen arising from disharmony in Metal, particularly Heat in the Large
Intestine can lead some people to feel disconnected from their own body, ‘un-real’ or to see ghosts or
become manic. As the Fire point and jing-River point, Yang Stream clears Heat to re-establish the
calm environment needed for the shen to rest in the Heart and help the person feel re-embodied and
less agitated. In this way it calms the spirit.
It has similar properties to LI 4 in expelling Wind-Heat and Releasing the Exterior but is less
frequently used as LI 4 is more powerful.
As a Jing-River point, where the qi is said to be flowing along like a river, it can be used for clearing
heat generally from Large Intestine and its partner in yang-ming, the Stomach, as well as from its
Metal element partner the Lung, and is used to clear Heat or Wind-Heat from the skin or Blood.
As a Jing-River point, it will help clear pain and stagnation in the hand and wrist especially if there is
Heat involved.
Indications Lifts the Spirit, clears the Mind.

Skin disorders involving Wind-Heat. Wrist pain.
Point Name LI 6 PIAN LI Side Passage Veering Passageway Slanting Passage
Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting/Junction point
Commentary As the exteriorly related luo Junction point with its partner the Lung, the Receiver of Qi, Side Passage
will have a harmonising action on the Metal element and help restore a sense of equilibrium. The role
of the p’o, powered by the breaths of the Lung, is to unobtrusively maintain the automatic rhythmic
processes of life. When there is distress in Metal, one can see extremes of behaviour at every level,
mercurial changes in mood, slovenly hygiene or obsessive cleansing, the restless quest for meaning
and value or rigid matter of fact-ness, sentimentality about the past or repression of feeling. The art of
the Lung is to live each breath fully, as if it were complete, aided by the Large Intestine’s propagation
of the correct way of living which, by eliminating, allows us to transform, evolve and inspire more
deeply. LI 6, Pian Li, joins the Lung meridian and reunites and calms the first and last processes of a
being.
When intense or long term disappointment and grief impairs the natural condensing action of the Lung
so that the upper jiao (Heart and Lungs) is constricted and the Large Intestine no longer extracts the
value in life from the dross, this point paired with LU 7 can release and harmonise feelings which
have been repressed and are blocking the potential unfolding of an authentic life. Judgement and
clarity, and the natural movement of Metal to stop and return us to the inside, are restored.
The Lung opens the water passages and LI 6 assists the Lung in controlling these, which can be
impaired in chronic Lung qi deficiency or through obstruction of the wei/defensive qi.
Local point for wrist and forearm problems. The name probably refers to the connecting channel
which travels from LI 6 to the Lung channel.
Indications Rapid changes in Mind and Spirit, extremes of behaviour, repressed emotions. Facial and upper body
oedema due to Lungs failing to control the water passages. Wrist and forearm pain.

Point Name LI 7 WEN LIU Warm Current Warm Dwelling Warm Flow Temperate Flow
Commentary As the various names for this point indicate, it is a very useful point to bring warmth and movement to
the Large Intestine official. Some people with an imbalance in Metal, whether primarily in the Lung
or the Large Intestine, find it difficult to maintain their own heat without an outside source. When this
coldness affects the Mind and Spirit the person may feel despondent and isolated, they have no
internal place of comfort and can be unable to be expansive and connect to other people. Excellent
with moxa (up to 30 cones may be used).
being like a ‘periscope’ — they help foster a new outlook and appraisal of circumstances.
All xi-Cleft points are useful for invigorating or dispersing pain or obstruction along the particular
channel on which they are found and are much used in acute conditions. Warm Current can clear Fire
from the Large Intestine and Stomach (yang ming) and so assists with the problems that affect a Fire
afflicted Yang Ming, e.g. hysteria, madness, seeing ghosts, boils and fevers.
Not many points on Large Intestine are mentioned for directly affecting the digestive processes but LI
7 is mentioned in relation to borborygmi with abdominal distention.
Warm Current regulates the LI meridian. LI 7 benefits the throat and can help when there is difficulty
raising the elbow.
Indications Calms the spirit.

Acute pain along the LI meridian. Cold in the LI meridian.
Point Name LI 8 XIA LIAN Lower Angle Lower Ridge
Energetic Nature
Commentary Tonifies the Large Intestine meridian. Frees the channel. Used locally for pain.
Also used for pain and distention in the intestines, Large and Small.
Clears Fire from the Stomach and Large Intestine and so is used for similar reasons as LI 7: mania.
The name refers to the anatomical location, both LI 8 and LI 9 are along the inner ridge of the radius.
LI 8 is the lower of these two points.
Indications Pain in the elbow or arm.

Madness, hysteria.
Intestinal pain.
Point Name LI 9 SHAN LIAN Upper Angle
Energetic Nature
Commentary When too many demands are made of the Large Intestine this point will often indicate distress by
becoming sensitive to palpation. Living too fast, trying to cram in too many experiences creates a
logjam from which the Large Intestine has to extract the riches to sustain our life. The processes of
the p’o and Metal generally, do not like to be rushed but need to be allowed time and space to be fully
experienced.
LI 9 is indicated for pain and distention in the intestines from stagnation of LI qi.
It invigorates the channel pathway.
Indications Aching shoulder and arm. Paralysis of the upper limb. Numbness of the hand and arm.
Abdominal pain, rumbling intestines, headache linked to Yang Ming disharmony.

Point Name LI 10 SHOU SAN LI Arm Three Miles
Energetic Nature
Commentary Yang Ming or Shining Yang – the Large Intestine and Stomach channel – is naturally rich in Blood and
qi and, when in balance, is strengthening and nourishing. When functioning healthily there is a natural
lustre to the skin and to mental processing. Yang Ming can become clogged, sluggish and exhausted
through focusing too exclusively on one area, over-refining and becoming pedantic and fatigued.
Excessive study, and obsessions overload the Mind and prevent rhythmic processing of ideas and
waste. Stimulating this point is said to move sluggish qi, particularly when qi has stagnated in the
Intestines causing constipation, with distention and pain, and thereby helping to regulate the Stomach
and Intestines, relieving the Body as well as the Mind.
Arm Three Miles tonifies qi and Blood and is regarded by some to be a ‘ST 36 of the arm’ because of
its Yang Ming properties and the very similar names of both points.
Forbidden in the last two months of pregnancy. This is probably related to this point’s ability to
soften and move masses. Invigorating or dispersing the Stomach can disperse Phlegm (most masses
are forms of Phlegm).
Regulates channel problems of the LI, especially useful for any muscular problem affecting the
forearm as after Windstroke or atrophy.
Moxa here is said to help toothache affecting the upper jaw.
Indications Tonifies and strengthens the Body, Mind and Spirit of the Large Intestine.
Abdominal distention and pain.
Toothache.
Muscular problems affecting the forearm.

Point Name LI 11 QU CHI Crooked Pond Pool at the Bend Ghost Minister Ghost Leg
Yang Marsh

Tonification point
He-Sea point
One of the 13 Ghost points
One of Ma Danyang’s Twelve points Shining Bright as the Starry Sky
Commentary An extremely useful point. It regulates nutritive qi and Blood and is an excellent tonifying point, not
as powerful as ST 36 (another He-Sea point on the Yang Ming) but invigorating and grounding for
Metal if undernourished or too “up in the clouds”. It re-establishes the mother-child connection along
the sheng cycle and so provides stability. It can bring a sense of harvest to Large Intestine, when
Large Intestine is deficient someone can feel disconnected from heavenly qi and as though there is
never enough for them. They can feel deprived and try to hoard things, food, books, memories to
suppress the feeling of lost value and emptiness of purpose. The movement of Metal is to return to the
interior, but when this movement is compressed by disappointment, qi deficiency or grief, it can fail to
initiate any approach to others, becoming alienated and defensively isolated. The movement of Earth,
from the centre outward, its impulse in health to include and support, can supply Large Intestine with
a sense of belonging in the world and a freeing of tension. As the mother element Earth can support
the Large Intestine in its work, the final stages of processing, of refining choices about what to value
and what to discard.
LI 11 influences both the Interior and Exterior. It regulates the LI channel, particularly the shoulder,
elbow and forearm when there is muscular tension or Bi Syndrome or after Wind Stroke. It does not
have as much effect on the face as LI 4. They may be used together to affect all areas from the
shoulders up. The abundance of qi and Blood in the Yang Ming helps nourish the muscles and sinews.
LI 11 is useful when there is stagnation in the Stomach and Large Intestine (Yang Ming) meridians.
General abdominal pain or constipation or diarrhoea, especially when there is Heat involved, might
draw you to choose this point. The Yang Ming is “rich in Qi and Blood” and tends towards
overheating. Heat in the Blood disrupts the tranquility of the Heart and shen and can lead to mania.
This accounts for Crooked Pond’s inclusion as a Ghost point.
Crooked Pond cools Blood Heat, and can be used when there is Heat in the Blood affecting the skin,
as in some types of psoriasis. LI 11 is frequently combined with LI 4 and DU 14 in acute fever and
situations of Fire poison, boils, and throat swelling with Heat. It can help clear interior Heat from any
organ.
Being a He-Sea point, it allows qi to drain from the meridians into the organs; He-Sea points can be
used to supplement/tonify or drain and disperse qi. Expels exterior wind and is often used in later
stages of Wind-Heat. Resolves Dampness and is useful for resolving Damp-Heat.
Used for masses in the back and upper body. Used for thyroid goitre (considered a form of Phlegm).
Benefits the sinews and joints; He-Sea points are used to smooth the flow of qi and Blood in the
meridian as well as dislodge pain and pathogens in the joints and so are good for joint pain.
Indications Weakness and instability in the Large Intestine. No sense of harvest.

Hypertension from Liver Fire. Skin eruptions from Damp-Heat.
Lower Jiao problems of Damp-Heat, cystitis, digestive problems. Eczema, psoriasis caused by Heat
in the Blood. Problems of the forearm, elbow and shoulder.
Point Name LI 12 ZHOU LIAO Elbow Bone Elbow Seam Elbow Bone Hole
Energetic Nature
Commentary Named for its location in a depression at the outer corner of the elbow bone. Mostly used for
problems affecting the elbow. Local point useful for tennis elbow.
Disinhibits the joints. Invigorates the Large Intestine channel.
Indications Tennis elbow- swelling and pain affecting the elbow and arm. Difficulty raising the elbow.

Point Name LI 13 SHOU WU LI Arm Five Miles Arm Five Li Great Prohibition
Energetic Nature.
Commentary The Ling Shu states that needling Arm Five Li damages the qi of the five viscera (zang). Other texts
indicate it is used for pain along the Large Intestine meridian affecting the elbow and/or shoulder, for
difficulty raising the arm and for cough. It is not used as frequently as LI 14 for pain affecting the
shoulder and upper arm.
Indications Elbow pain along the LI channel.

Distention and pain below the Heart, fear and fright, cough, pneumonia, blurred vision, peritonitis.
Point Name LI 14 BI NAO Outer Bone of the Arm Arm and Scapula Upper Arm
Head Surge Head Thoroughfare Neck Surge Neck Thoroughfare
Energetic Nature Crossing point of LI and Yang Wei mai. A deep branch of the meridian runs from LI 14 to TH 13 at
the posterior border of the deltoid.
Commentary Bi Nao is a Crossing point with Yang Wei mai, which links it to all the yang that helps to assemble and
hold the body in place. Positioned just below the deltoid muscle, it strengthens the deltoid to prevent
the humeral head from dislocating. This assistance in carrying a heavy load can apply at the level of
the Mind and Spirit as well. Similarly the deltoid’s responsibilities in arm rotation, enables objects
and people to be held, reached and connected with at a safe distance, for Body, Mind and Spirit. Its
connection with so many yang influences (via Yang Wei mai) links it to clarity, expansiveness and
being in the world. Following the flow of the meridian, it begins the bridge to the heavenly aspect of
the body.
It can be used for local problems with points along the Large Intestine, especially LI 15 and 16. It
can also be used as one of a group of points around the shoulder area for local shoulder pain, e.g.
with TH 14.
Removes obstructions from the channel caused by Wind, Damp and Cold, so is frequently used in
Bi Syndrome of the arm and shoulder.
The Yang Wei Connection with the Gall Bladder and Bladder meridian enables this point to have
an effect on the eyes to clear and enhance vision (slant needle upwards).
Clears Phlegm and Phlegm masses and can be used for goitre.
Indications Local problems of upper arm and shoulder.

Difficulty raising the arm. Muscle wasting. Obstruction of the channel.
Thyroid goitre.
Red, painful eyes.

Point Name LI 15 JIAN YU Shoulder Joint Shoulder Bone Shoulder Transporting Point
Shoulder Tip End Bone
Energetic Nature Point of the Yang Qiao mai.
The Large Intestine divergent channel separates at LI 15, enters the spine at the nape of the neck (Du 14), and passes
down to join with the large intestine and lung. A second branch ascends from the shoulder along the throat, emerging
at the supraclavicular fossa (ST 12) to rejoin the primary meridian. (CTA Jing Luo)
Commentary The energetic geography here can be tricky to negotiate. It is a place of transition as the meridian ascends towards
the head, the head being the heavenly aspect of the body.
The connections that LI 15 makes here, the crossing with Yang Qiao mai, with all its influence in the head and lateral
aspects of the body, and branching from here to meet with Du 14 and ST 12, gives Jian Yu wide influence in this area
of the body. The Yang Qiao mai with its partner Yin Qiao mai plays a part in regulating and balancing yin and yang
and the rhythms of the body, which here reinforces the influence of the p’o with its regulation of the patterns and
processes of the body. This may be why this point is beneficial for shock. Shock interrupts our inner processes and
timing, and this point can help reestablish regularity.
As a place of transition this point reminds one of the tension Metal exercises in maintaining the connection with the
heavens and inspiration, the present moment and justice even while in free fall. This point with all its clear yang
confluence helps maintain the connection for the Large Intestine with the qi of the heavens.
LI 15 brings refreshment, invigoration and a sense of spaciousness to the brain through its position and connection
with the Yang Qiao mai. This can bring relief from the tendency of the Large Intestine to over process information
and emotions, as well as headaches that can result from such over-processing.
The connection with Yang Qiao mai helps enliven the Controller of the Drainage of the Dregs when it has become
dull or contaminated through overwork or deficiency manifesting as a cynical, poisoned and suspicious spirit or a
mental level which no longer distinguishes the gems from the dross in the material it processes or life. Good for
mental and general exhaustion.
Probably the most frequently used and most important local point for problems of the upper arm and shoulder. It is
also often used as one of a chain or group of points to free the shoulder. LI 15 benefits sinews, the Yang Ming being
“rich in Blood and qi” and so bringing warmth, nourishment and strength. Moxa can be helpful here if appropriate.
Promotes circulation of qi in the channels (connection with Yang Qiao mai).
Expels Wind through its connection with Yang Qiao mai and thus can also be a useful secondary point for skin rashes
along with LI 4 and LI 11.
LI 15 can help to control excessive sweating (with LI 4 and KI 7) or with SI 9 for excessive underarm sweating.
Stops pain. Softens hard masses.
Given as a First Aid point for: apoplexy, concussion, electric shock, exhaustion, haemorrhage, head injury, shock.
Indications Mental dullness and headaches. Paralysis of the arm, shoulder or hand. Atrophy of the arm and
upper body. Arthritis, bursitis, trauma to shoulder, frozen shoulder. Excessive sweating. Thyroid
goiter.

Point Name LI 16 JU GU Great Bone Giant Bone
Energetic Nature. Point of the Yang Qiao mai. From LI 16, the meridian travels across the trapezius muscle to the
posterior median line at the base of the 7th cervical vertebra (DU 14). From here it crosses back over
the shoulder to the supraclavicular fossa (ST 12) where it divides.
Commentary The point name comes from its location. This name is also an ancient reference to the clavicle.
Great Bone moves the qi and Blood (Yang Ming is rich in Blood and qi) and irrigates the channel.
Frequently used with LI 15 for local channel problems of the shoulder, particularly for chronic
cases and when it is tender upon palpation.
Subdues ascending rebellious qi (connection with Stomach through Yang Ming and through Yang
Qiao mai).
Opens the chest and stimulates the descending of Lung qi so it can be used for breathlessness,
cough or asthma. From the supra clavicular fossa, a deep branch of the LI passes through the chest
and Lung, through the diaphragm and abdomen. Said to be good for fear in children. If the Yang
Ming is impaired due to poor childhood nutrition, then the shen may be disturbed. This point,
through its Yang Qiao mai connection and through the branch of the pathway which passes through
the chest bringing qi and Blood to the upper jiao, can restore calm and good regulation.
Benefits the joints.
Indications Local problems of the shoulder..

Impaired descending function of the Lung giving rise to asthma or breathlessness.
Headache
Point Name LI 17 TIAN DING Heavenly Vessel Celestial Tripod Celestial Nape
Energetic Nature
Commentary As the name Heavenly Vessel suggests this is an important and powerful point. Given the work of
this Official, the ‘Drainer of the Dregs’, the presence of two consecutive Heavenly points emphasises
the necessity of clarity, vision and all Heavenly influences for the good functioning of the Large
Intestine. This point helps the Large Intestine distinguish what is turbid and foetid from what is clear
and worth absorbing. If the Mind and Spirit levels of Large Intestine have become very stuck, Mind
and Spirit level constipation can result and lead to festering and resentful thought and the imagining of
slights. This point, on the neck which acts as a bridge or chimney to the head — home of many
senses, will help free the qi and enliven the senses so they are no longer jaded and no longer
contaminate our communication and experience of life.
Heavenly Vessel will help carry the qi from LI 16 sustaining it so it can reach LI 18, Support and
Rush Out, the Window of the Sky on the Large Intestine meridian.
The alternative name Celestial Tripod alludes to the shape of the sternocleidomastoid. LI 17 is on
the posterior border and LI 18 is between the heads of this muscle. The Heavenly Vessel is the
head, here supported by the neck.
Disinhibits the throat and clears Lung qi.
Indications Lack of clarity at the level of mind and spirit.

Point Name LI 18 FU TU Support and Rush Out Support the Prominence
Relieve Prominence Protuberance Assistant Water Hole
Energetic Nature Window of the Sky.
Commentary The neck is the bridge to our head, the home of our senses and the heavenly part of the body. This
bridge needs to be unobstructed, there needs to be free flow for change and evolution to occur. In the
same way that the qi of this point supports the local physical structure of the laryngeal prominence it
supports and assists the Mind and Spirit, so that the Large Intestine can release at this level, and see
afresh. All Windows of the Sky brighten the sense organs in the head, our senses are the way we
receive and interact with the world and this point can revitalise our view of life. It can support and
strengthen one’s ability to let go from difficult or painful circumstances, and allow new vistas and
perspectives to unfold. (When combined with LI 4, these effects are further enhanced).
This point is important for the free expression of Lung and Large Intestine qi, which make
connections or bridges in relationships, and allows letting go at endings. If the p’o has been so
afflicted by sadness and grief that the Heart and Lungs have become constricted, then the natural
condensing of Lung qi becomes oppressive, and in turn this impacts on the Large Intestine. In its role
as a propagator of the correct way to live, well synchronised with the natural rhythms of life, Large
Intestine needs Heavenly qi to give it the impetus to carry out its role and so enable a new cycle of
experience. The Lung and Large Intestine need sufficient sense of connection with the qi of Heaven
and the processes of life, that letting go will not cause anxiety or a feeling of deprivation, they know
the cycle of life and inspiration will continue. A healthy Large Intestine Official enables us to move
forward with our life while retaining what is of value from the past. Support and Rush Out is a
helpful point when a person is mired in loss, disconnection and isolation, possibly mouldering in
toxicity and resentment and the past, they can’t see the next step to take, toxicity distorts
communication and comprehension and leads to misunderstandings. This point allows clarity and
movement into the situation and helps bring balance to Body, Mind and Spirit.
At the physical level it benefits the throat, is used frequently for throat problems, whether infectious
such as mumps, tonsillitis, laryngitis, Phlegm-related problems such as nodules or goitre, or in need of
lubrication, hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. Also, when there are rashes from acne or boils on
the throat, this point can be used locally.
Relieves cough. Resolves Phlegm and disperses masses.
Indications Toxicity of mind and spirit. Inability to let go and move on.
Problems of the throat.
Point Name LI 19 HE LIAO Grain Bone Grain Bone Hole Long Cheek Long Bone Hole
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point opens the nasal passages and is used for all sorts of nasal problems, rhinitis, loss of smell or
nasal polyps. It can be used with LI 20 to really activate the nose, which is under the auspices of
Large Intestine’s partner, the Lung. To inhale deeply allows us to participate fully in life, no holding
back. Loss of the sense of smell even temporarily can lead to feelings of exclusion from life, food is
not so enticing and there are no sudden evocative moments while a smell transports you in memory.
Smell is one of the key ways we orientate ourselves in our world, the Metal element is very sensitive
to atmospheres and environments, people know if they or their loved ones smell different, they notice
how other people’s homes smell differently to their own. Each breath, with its smooth rhythmic
pattern of inhalation and exhalation is, in itself, a complete cycle, the sum of our breaths is the thread
from the beginning to end of our life, so it is fitting that the last two points on Large Intestine return us
to the place where independent existence begins and ends, with the breath.
He Liao also eliminates wind and can be used for facial palsy and lockjaw.
Indications Used as a local point for dental pain.

Point Name LI 20 YING XIANG Welcome Fragrance Surging Yang Thoroughfare Yang
Receiving Fragrance
Energetic Nature Exit point.

Meeting point of Stomach and Large Intestine.
Commentary This point clears the nose, helping the person to receive and inhale breath and life. It lifts the Mind and Spirit to a
new state, a reminder that the Controller of the Drainage of the Dregs is responsible for change and evolution. This
welcoming of life, this Receiving Fragrance, is equally necessary at the level of the Mind and Spirit as it is at the
physical level. There is circularity in the necessity of each stage of life being received, differentiated, processed and
let go, and this point, which revitalizes the capacity to inhale, will in turn enhance all these phases. When healthy we
welcome not only fragrance but new involvement with life. Odours are often the most potent sense for memory,
linking us to our past momentarily. Although the sense of smell has diminished as humans have developed, it is such
a primal instinct, and very appropriate to be associated with the p’o, our animal soul.
Welcome Fragrance is the exit point of the Large Intestine and meets with the Stomach meridian. The fragrance
referred to in its name reminds us not only of its physical capacity but its connection with the Earth element and the
associated ‘fragrant’ odour, and that Large Intestine and Stomach together are the Yang Ming. As the last point on
the Large Intestine the name of this point suggests that letting go, the end of one process, allows you to welcome in
something new.
Dispels exterior Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat when there is sneezing and stuffy/runny nose. The Large Intestine
meridian has a major effect on the face. LI 20 is often used as a local point for face pain, often in conjunction with a
distal LI point or with a stomach point as part of Yang ming. As it dispels exterior Wind it can also be used for facial
paralysis, tic and trigeminal neuralgia.
Opens the nasal passages.

Local point for nose problems, sneezing, loss of smell, sinusitis, runny/stuffy nose, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps.
Indications Invigorates the Body, Mind and Spirit.

Local problems of the nose. Tic, facial paralysis.

The Stomach
Meridian
Point Name ST 1 CHENG QI Receive Tears Containing Tears Tear Container
Brimming Tears Face Bone Hole Mouse Hole Ravine Hole
Point of the Yang Qiao mai
Crossing point with Ren mai
Commentary “The Stomach is the Sea of Liquids and Cereals.” (Larre. & Rochat 1987) It is a storehouse which
receives everything we ingest, whether it is food, drink, information, or atmospheres. Stomach and
Spleen work together more closely than any other partnership among the officials. Together they
‘command the movements of lowering and raising up’ (ibid). The Stomach likes to be cool and
wet, the Spleen likes to be dry and warm. As the two Earth officials, they reside in the middle jiao,
in the centre of the body and are the place of transformation, the place of humanity, between
Heaven and Earth.
As the Entry point on the Stomach meridian, located in the Heavenly part of the body, Receive
Tears starts the journey of processing and digesting that is the role of the Stomach. The Stomach
governs our ability to take in, process, retain from what we perceive, and both nourish and be
nourished by the storage and processing of food and qi. The Stomach is the Official who Rots and
Ripens, but before using what has been transformed, whether of food, qi or thoughts, we have to be
able to receive. Earth, our centre, is the place of exchange, of receiving and processing within us.
When healthy, we know where our centre is, we can reach from our centre out towards the
periphery, welcome mutually sustaining contact with others, and we can draw back to our centre as
appropriate. Often when Earth becomes imbalanced this flexibility is lost and there is either an
inability to relax and receive nourishment for oneself, shown in a continual attempt to nourish
others rather than attend to oneself, or conversely a lack of understanding for others as our own
needs swallow all our attention. One person can display all these tendencies at different times,
there is only a problem when it is inappropriate. Often they are accompanied by over thinking.
Thought is under the domain of the Earth element and often, when Earth is imbalanced, the usual
processing and mixing that allows thoughts to arise and take shape can go awry and thought,
instead of proceeding smoothly, becomes obsessional or circular. Until the Stomach stops over-
processing in this way, the Spleen cannot begin to transform thought into action and form.
Stomach and Spleen are the origin of post-Heavenly qi. If the Stomach is deficient, there will be
insufficient qi produced and the person may complain of exhaustion. Receive Tears can be a great
point to move the qi, if someone has been stuck nursing some old hurt or unable to stop “chewing
the cud” mentally, this point, in the heavenly aspect of the body, right near the sense organ of the
eye, can help them acknowledge their distress but then move on, allowing in some new information,
a new view, and renewed vitality.
‘Tears’ refers to the depression of the point’s location which can catch tears, but also reminds us of
the importance of liquids in the role of the Stomach (the Origin of fluids) which improves
secretions as well as helps to balance lacrymation.
ST 1 is a major point for eye disorders. It expels Wind through its connection with Yang Qiao mai
and so can be used for eye problems from exterior Wind-Heat or Wind-Cold, swelling, pain,
lacrymation and paralysis of the eyelid, as well as interior Wind problems such as tic.
ST 1, 3 and 4 are all coalescent points of the Yang Qiao mai which has an effect on the eyes; Yin
and Yang Qiao mai meet at the eyes and allow the eyes to stay moist as well as regulating opening
and closing the eyes. The pathway between LI 20 and ST 1 also passes through BL 1.
Brightens the eyes, bringing all the richness and tonifying ability of Yang Ming, Blood and qi to the
area of the eye.
Indications Eye problems, tearing, tic.

Used for acute and chronic conjunctivitis, myopia, astigmatism, squint, colour and night blindness,
atrophy of the optic nerve, early stages of cataract or glaucoma, keratitis, retinitis, optic neuritis.

Point Name ST 2 SI BAI Four Whites Grain Gate Four Brightness
Energetic Nature Point of the Yang Qiao mai
Commentary “Four Whites” refers to the four white areas of the eye — above, below, and to either side — and is
used for a similar range of symptoms as ST 1 where there is inflammation, pain, allergic rhinitis,
facial paralysis or tic (internal and external Wind invasion). It is considered less effective than ST 1,
although there is less risk of bruising.
Local point for trigeminal neuralgia, facial paralysis, allergic facial swelling, sinusitis and sinus
headache. Hyperthyroidism with protruding eyes.
Indications Eye disorders. Nasal disorders, rhinitis, sinus.
Point Name ST 3 JU LIAO Great Cheekbone Big Bone Great Bone Hole
Energetic Nature Point of Yang Qiao mai
Commentary Similar uses as ST 2, but the action of this point extends to the nose and so it can be used also for
nasal obstructions.
Removes obstructions from the channel.
Relieves swellings.
Its location indicates its local use for lip pain/swelling and toothache.
Indications
Point Name ST 4 DI CANG Earth Granary Stomach Link Linking Confluence Ghost Bed
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Stomach and Large Intestine

Point of Yang Qiao mai
Commentary Located next to the mouth on the stomach meridian, itself the Great Storehouse, this point is called a
granary because the mouth receives and stores the five grains. At this Heavenly level of the head, it
can be appropriate for spirit level dissatisfaction with life, when someone has no sense of harvest it
makes sense to see if they have sufficient reserves and stores to furnish one. Sometimes someone has
a concept of the type of harvest they want but their intent has been misaligned with the desired
outcome or they have overlooked what they have reaped. Earth Granary is indicated when the mix of
processing, Rotting and Ripening and transporting has lost its balance. Indicated when a person is
unable to resolve a problem or can’t stop over-thinking it; when there are problems with extracting
nourishment from life and having reserves to call on in times of impoverishment; when there is a
sense that nothing is enough. We need our granaries to be stocked at all levels of Body, Mind and
Spirit so there will not be weakness, distress and anxiety.
As a crossing point with the Large Intestine, partner of the Stomach in the Yang Ming, which is rich in
qi and Blood this supports the nourishing aspect of this point. The influence of Large Intestine can
help Earth extract the richness of food and life and eliminate what is not useful.
Expels Wind through its connection with Yang Qiao Mai.
Removes obstructions from the channel. Benefits tendons and muscles.
Major local point to treat the mouth and face, treatment of facial paralysis where the mouth is deviated,
it helps expel exterior Wind. It also affects the facial muscles and is used in aphasia.
Indications Helps Body, Mind and Spirit receive nourishment and satisfaction.
To eliminate exterior Wind in facial paralysis. To effect the muscles of the face in aphasia.
Regulate the face and mouth.

Point Name ST 5 DA YING Great Welcome Great Reception Marrow Hole
Energetic Nature
Commentary The point is partly named for its location, the lower jawbone is sometimes called ‘the great reception
bone’. ST 5 is used for the spirit of Earth when the person has lost the flexibility necessary to
accommodate others and is unable to receive life’s bounty. For our life to take on form and potential
we have to be able to transform the influxes of heaven and the earth where we live, within us, in our
centre. If we can’t welcome the process, the transformation will never occur.
‘Welcome’ also appears in the name of ST 9, People Welcome. When Earth is in good health we are
confident, more capable of acting from our centre, more able to include others and nurture others
appropriately just as the earth supports us. When Earth feels threatened it can close up, become rigid
and suspicious of what others may demand of it. This point helps the individual be open minded
about what life may offer.
From ST 5 a branch of the meridian travels down the throat to ST 12. ST 5’s proximity to the lower
jawbone, and its pathway down the throat where we receive nourishment, means that ST 5 may help
us to “swallow” information.
May be used locally for toothache, pain in the jaw, frequent yawning.
Indications Helps the Mind and Spirit when suspicious of life or anxious about receiving anything new.
Point Name ST 6 JIA CHE Mandible Wheel Jaw Chariot Jawbone Ghost Bed
Ghost Forest Tooth Bend
Energetic Nature One of the 13 Ghost points of Sun Si-miao
Commentary Relaxes the sinews, due to the Yang Ming being “rich in qi and Blood”. With the richness of Yang
Ming available at this point, it helps the person be fully present. The act of eating in itself is
grounding and this accounts for it being one of the thirteen Ghost points.
Expels exterior Wind affecting the face. Local point for facial paralysis, swelling and neuralgia.
Local point for problems of the lower jaw (including toothache, lockjaw). For problems affecting the
teeth, face, neck and throat (sore throat, voice loss) usually combined with LI 4. Local point for
mumps.
Spasm of the masseter muscle.
Indications
Point Name ST 7 XIA GUAN Lower Passage Lower Gate Below the Joint Lower Hinge
Energetic Nature Crossing Point of Stomach and Gallbladder
Commentary Removes obstruction from the channel and is used in facial problems such as paralysis, trigeminal
neuralgia, upper jaw problems and toothache, gingivitis, also loss of voice.
Benefits the ear, this point opens and influences the ear and can be used for deafness, earache, tinnitus.
Indications Problems of the face and ear.

Point Name ST 8 TOU WEI Head Tied Head Support Head Corner Skull Safeguard
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Gallbladder, Yang Wei mai and Stomach meridians
Commentary A good point to select for the Mind and Spirit when the person is stuck in over-processing,
agitation, confusion and consequent despair. The crossing with the Gallbladder, with its powers of
new beginnings, dealing only with what is pure, and its ability to forge a path through obstruction,
all reinforced by the gathering yang qualities of Yang Wei mai, helps clear yang ascend to the head
and break through the mental stodginess of the Stomach when it has exhausted itself by
overthinking.
Local point for headaches or dizziness, muzziness, heavy head from Damp and Phlegm retained in the
head preventing clear yang rising upwards to brighten the orifices. For headaches arising from
digestive disorders or Wind invasion. Headaches with blurred vision from deficient qi and Blood. It
can also be used to treat eye problems (excessive lacrymation from Wind invasion, eyelid tic).
Indications Mental stuckness.

Headaches.
Eye problems.
Point Name ST 9 REN YING People Welcome Person’s Welcome Man’s Prognosis
Fivefold Confluence Celestial Fivefold Confluence

Point of the Sea of Qi
Commentary As a Window of the Sky, this point strongly affects the Spirit and Mind enabling the person to receive,
to welcome others, life and love. In a state of balance, the movement of Earth within us goes from our
centre to the periphery. When deeply imbalanced we forget to receive or to reach across to others, we
shut down to our core, untrusting and feeling divorced from humanity. Suspicious of the motives of
others and lacking empathy for all, this is a lonely and arid experience. People Welcome refreshes the
senses and allows in new experiences and ideas rather than staying with the self-absorption Earth can
fall into. When the patient is ready to open to change and possibilities this can be a wonderful point.
The reconnection with Heavenly influxes allows us to align our intent with sincerity.
Located near the larynx, which provides resonance for the voice, this point enables one to feel
reconnected with the world, able to express needs and support the needs of others, ‘swallow’ new
ideas and re-enter into life. From ST 9 the Stomach meridian travels down, linking the head, the
Heavenly part of our being with the upper torso, the person (humanity) part of the body. In the
Chinese division of the body into Heaven, Humanity and Earth, this Heavenly point encourages us to
embody our intent, our ideas and manifest them through the body.
As a Sea of Qi point (Ling Shu 33) along with REN 17, BL 10 (or sometimes DU 15, DU 14,) People
Welcome can be used to regulate qi. The text says that if this Sea is replete there may be “fullness in
the chest or abdomen, congestion, and a florid complexion. If deficient, there will be ‘weakness and
loss of voice’. This combination is only called upon in chronic situations, when the deep regulation
and reserve that a ‘sea’ can offer is necessary.
ST 9 is used to regulate qi especially where there are imbalances with excess above and deficiency
below. ST 9 removes obstructions from the head and sends qi downwards. It is used for regulating
blood pressure and subduing rebellious qi of the Stomach or Lung where there is hiccough, belching,
asthma.
Locally it benefits and regulates the throat. It removes masses and resolves swellings and affects the
throat so it can be used to clear heat and swelling affecting the Stomach meridian, tonsillitis, swollen
and sore throat, goitre and painful obstruction in the throat, pharyngitis.
Indications Reconnects and re-enters us into the world and consciousness. Helpful in recovery from burn-out.
Regulate Blood Pressure. Subdues rebellious qi. Local point for pain and swelling in the throat.

Point Name ST 10 SHUI TU Water Rushing Out Water Prominence Water Gate
Water Heaven
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point can free the passage of Lung qi, rectifying and adjusting it back onto the correct path. This
freeing disinhibits the throat and helps clear cough and sore throat. Mainly used locally. The name
may refer to the proximity of the carotid artery.
Indications .
Point Name ST 11 QI SHE Qi Cottage Qi Abode
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point lies in a groove; as one inhales, qi passes down the throat to accumulate here. This point
gathers together qi and the nourishment of the Yang Ming and can strengthen the Body, Mind and
Spirit when there is anxiety and weakness and when Earth is undernourished and depleted.
It is used to help coughing caused by countercurrent qi, when supporting the Earth element will in turn
support the Lung .
Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) state that “the functions of Stomach channel points 11 through 16
and 18 are primarily associated with their location in relation to the chest and lung. The point names
reflect these associations through the metaphor of the chest as a house. The house has a window, roof,
door and storeroom, while ST 11 represents the abode itself.”
Indications Nourishes the Mind and Spirit. Cough.
Point Name ST 12 QUE PEN Broken Bowl Empty Basin Celestial Cover Cubit Cover
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Three Heater and Gallbladder
meridians
Commentary A powerful point, especially if the person cannot process and hold on to nourishment. When the Body,
Mind and Spirit feel that life and its harvest is always passing them by or ebbing away, or when there
is a continual sense of deprivation, even though they have enough, this can be a useful point. At ST
12, five deep pathways cross, providing an incredibly unifying and enriching measure of support here.
A useful point when the person is chronically depleted and dispirited and when treatment results do
not hold. The name refers to the notch in the clavicle where this point is found, the shape of the
clavicle is reminiscent of an empty basin.
Calms the mind by sending qi downwards, useful where there is disharmony of Stomach qi causing
anxiety, nervousness or insomnia. Subdues rebellious qi and is used in patterns of excess where
Stomach qi is going upwards causing breathlessness, asthma.
Its location makes it effective for respiratory problems, fullness or pain in the chest and ribs. It
encourages the production of breast milk.
Indications Anxiety.
Production of breast milk.
Respiratory problems.

Point Name ST 13 QI HU Qi Door
Energetic Nature
Commentary Qi Door, which acts a door, or passage to the Lung, the Receiver of Qi, can be used if, after some
initial treatment, the person still seems blocked from the appropriate giving or receiving of energy and
empathy. If they believe that ‘giving’ depletes them, or that the sincerity of others is always up for
question then this point, past which the qi travels in respiration, may be used to re-inspire and
establish free passage of trust and digestive processes. ST 13 helps the free passage of qi in the
Stomach meridian and can be used when there are chronic symptoms affecting processing and
digesting.
ST 13 is located at the upper portion of the lung. Heavenly Qi and breath must pass down through
this point to reach the Lung, this point acts as a door through which it must pass, hence its use in
treating asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory disorders and pain and distention in the chest.
Indications Thoracic pain and distention.

Digestive disorders.
Respiratory Problems.
Point Name ST 14 KU FANG Storehouse Store Room
Energetic Nature
Commentary The Stomach is the Great Storehouse, so this point resonates with many Earth qualities, primarily that
of being a storehouse, a granary, a place of reserves in which to store all that nourishes you, Body
Mind and Spirit and to where you can turn when running on empty. A storeroom on the Stomach, part
of Yang Ming, implies a reserve of qi and Blood. This point allows the person to call on their reserves
to meet their needs. It strengthens and nourishes the spirit of Earth when someone is exhausted form
overwork, overthinking and having no sense of harvest for themselves (combine with SP 20 to
enhance this effect).
Used where there are respiratory problems, cough from rebellious qi, difficulty with breathing. Here
in the area of the Lung, the Receiver of Qi can be supported by this storehouse of qi.
Indications Respiratory problems.

Mental and physical exhaustion.
Point Name ST 15 WU YI Room Screen Roof
Energetic Nature
Commentary The Lung is often described as a canopy, being the uppermost of the five zang, the alternative name of
ST 15 “Roof” illustrates its relationship to the Lung in function and location. It is used for cough,
phlegm or other respiratory disorders. A roof or Room Screen provides shelter from exterior elements
and emotional weather, when someone is feeling vulnerable or battered by life this point can buffer
and support their Spirit.
From its location it might also be used for mastitis or pain in the breast, intercostal neuralgia.
Indications Respiratory disorders.

Local point for pain in breast or ribs.

Point Name ST 16 YING CHUANG Breast Window
Energetic Nature
Commentary Qi and breast milk pass into the breast at this point.
Stimulates and regulates the production of breast milk. This area near the breast and the heart is
where a mother would hold a child to nourish and soothe them. This point can be used to re-stimulate
the urge to give or receive comfort and nurturance.
Indications Milk production. Mastitis.
Point Name ST 17 RU ZHONG Centre of the Breasts Breast Centre On The Nipple
Energetic Nature
Commentary Due to its location, needling and moxa are forbidden.
Indications
Point Name ST 18 RU GEN Root of the Breasts Breast Root Hemp Breathing
Energetic Nature
Commentary ST 18 regulates Stomach qi in relation to the breast and dispels stagnation.
Indications Mastitis, lactation, lumps and discomfort in the breast. Premenstrual swelling

Point Name ST 19 BU RONG Not at Ease Not Contained
Energetic Nature
Commentary The first point on the Stomach meridian after it leaves the thorax and is no longer ‘contained’ by the
ribs. The meridian now runs into the area of the abdomen. If one overeats and feels full “up to here”,
one cannot ingest any more food or it will rebel. This point is used when the Stomach cannot digest,
process and contain food and drink, when there is vomiting, lack of appetite, and inability to digest.
After excess, or too rich a diet at the level of the Body, Mind and Spirit, when we overdo activity,
overeat, or over-think to the extent that we are unable to process and digest physically and mentally,
this point is beneficial. When Stomach qi fails to appropriately regulate and sustain us, all the
processes it oversees can be knocked off their usual cycle: the processing of food, thought,
reproduction and menstruation. When we are out of synch with ourselves we are ‘Not at Ease’ and
preoccupation, tension, circular thinking and stagnation of thought and activity ensue. Not At Ease
can assist the Official of Rotting and Ripening to move through inertia and regain the rhythm and
correct patterning it needs for the processes of the Body, Mind and Spirit to be nourishing and
effective, so we feel able to digest information and events as well as food.
Strategically, the Official of Rotting and Ripening occupies a very important place in the middle jiao;
many meridian pathways ascend or descend through the middle jiao and Stomach qi plays an
important role in ensuring both smooth rhythmic flow in this area and that qi descends appropriately.
Effectiveness can be enhanced in combination with SP 8, or with ST 24 and SP 16 when there is
rebellious qi or stagnation of the stomach.
Indications Mental and physical discomfort after excess, mental churning, overeating.
Point Name ST 20 CHENG MAN Receive Fullness Assuming Fullness
Energetic Nature
Commentary Receiving Fullness harmonises the Stomach. When there is an inability to receive, be satisfied and
rest, when the person feels blocked from extracting nourishment or experiencing the bounty Earth
helps produce, or for those who constantly feel empty, or hungry and discontented at any level of
Body, Mind and Spirit, this point can soothe and bring consciousness of a moment to savour.
When the Mind or belly is overfull and distended, this point can help alleviate this. Affects both Mind
and Spirit.
Indications Harmonises the stomach. Distension. Lack of appetite. Borborygmi and hyperactive stomach.

Point Name ST 21 LIANG MEN Bridge Gate Beam Door Beam Gate Connecting Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary The Earth element is associated with the transition period between seasons, as well as with the season
called Late Summer and the names of ST 21, 22 and 24 all highlight the importance of processing and
the many stages of transition that fall within the remit of the Stomach Official. ST 21, Bridge Gate,
can be useful at the level of the Mind and Spirit when a person is in a process of transition but cannot
fully integrate Body, Mind and Spirit all together, so they feel erratic and edgy with nervous tension;
keep stopping and starting or blocked from coherent thought and action. This point can help them
unify the processing and experience the calm after resolution, of bridging the gate.
This point lies on a level with REN 12. Both points affect the stomach; ST 21 is mainly used for acute
excess painful stomach problems, when there is stagnation and heat affecting the stomach, bad breath,
gingivitis, restlessness, or rebellious Stomach qi causing nausea and vomiting. Use when there is
epigastric pain or discomfort, distention and indigestion; when Stomach is deficient and Wood qi
over-controls and invades it causing nervous tension.
Regulates the stomach. Clears Stomach Heat. Subdues rebellious qi. Stops vomiting. Relieves pain
and stagnation.
Indications Helps with mental processing and times of transition.

Burning in the epigastrium.
Acute stomach problems. Indigestion.
Point Name ST 22 GUAN MEN Border Gate Pass Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary ST 22 Border Gate, ST 21 Bridge Gate, and ST 24 Lubrication Food Gate, are gate points which help
regulate the work of the Stomach official. Any ‘Gate’ point indicates a boundary or transition of some
sort and needs to be able to regulate the flow of qi with appropriate flexibility. Not overactive, not
stuck, but sufficiently adjustable to keep the movement of qi and food on their correct path so they are
able to negotiate borders and boundaries.
Border Gate lies level with the lower gate of the stomach, where one passes from the stomach to the
intestines.
Indications Regulates the stomach. Affects the intestines.

Point Name ST 23 TAI YI Great Oneness Supreme Unity
Energetic Nature
Commentary The term Tai Yi means Supreme Unity. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) quote Lao Tzu in the Tao Te
Ching: “the ten thousand things spring from one”; the Stomach and middle jiao are the source of post-
Heavenly qi. This point treats disorders of the middle burner and Stomach channel. As the Unity
divides into two, so this point, situated at the start of the Small Intestine, can assist with the separation
of the turbid and the pure.
Supreme Unity can help return a person to their centre, to a place of nourishment and security. When
there is proper process and integration of food and experience, Body, Mind and Spirit can be
conscious of the support and bounty in their life. Great Oneness is a pause after the transitions of
Bridge Gate ST 21, and Border Gate St 22, now there is a moment for appreciation, at this point on
the Stomach meridian — the Stomach being the place of Supreme Unity (ibid). Body, Mind and
Spirit are gathered to a sense of wholeness in this unity before the next Gate further along the
meridian.
If the pulse has a roughness to it because it lacks Stomach qi and the person shows sign of
disintegration at the level of Body, Mind, or Spirit, this point can help restore them.
Tai Yi is also the name of the star related to the abdomen in Chinese astrology.
Harmonises the middle jiao and calms the heart. Strengthens the Spleen. For weakness in the legs,
agitation and pain in the Stomach.
Indications Helps Body, Mind and Spirit feel more integrated.

Agitation from stomach pain.
Weakness in the limbs.
Point Name ST 24 HUA ROU MEN Lubrication Food Gate Slippery Flesh Gate Slippery
Dark Gate Celestial Manager
Energetic Nature
Commentary The point was probably named for its location, as it lies near the centre of the person, close to the
pyloric sphincter, the “slippery flesh” which opens into the Small Intestines. This point helps to
stimulate balanced production of digestive secretions when there is a feeling of distention and food
sitting heavily in the stomach. It assists with smooth processing at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit.
Without sufficient lubrication, whether by qi, or stomach acids and peristalsis, nutrients, ideas and
experiences are not broken down and assimilated to become a part of who we are but instead can
cause stagnation until we feel able to accept or “stomach” what life has sent us. If instead of
processing particular issues, we continually divert around them, or become mentally blocked and
possibly toxic, or weakened through being unable to be nourished by what we have ingested, then ST
24 can help correct the imbalance. Very good in combination with SP 16 Abdomen Sorrow.
The Yang Ming channel is said to rule the flesh (Su Wen). Spleen engenders the flesh, this point
affects both Stomach and Spleen.
The stomach “likes wetness and dislikes dryness’’; when there is Heat in the Stomach causing
agitation and mania this is a good point to use. It also affects the tongue, if the Stomach fluids are
deficient the tongue dries, stiffens and cracks.
Indications Harmonises Stomach and Intestines. Clears Heat and calms agitation.
Gastrointestinal disorders.

Point Name ST 25 TIAN SHU Heavenly Pivot Heavenly Pillar Celestial Pivot Long Link
Valley Gate Origin Supplementer
Energetic Nature Front-mu/alarm point for the Large Intestine

One of the points used to release the Seven Internal Dragons
A point of the pattern to release the 7 Dragons on the 7 Internal Demons
Commentary This is the most anatomically inferior point with “Heavenly” in its name. This is the pivot between
Earth and Heaven at the origin of post-Heavenly qi in a person. The Earth officials reside in the
middle jiao, this point is found on the boundary between the middle and lower jiao, and this central
place within us is the place of ‘humanity’ between Heaven and Earth. The ‘Heavenly’ in the title
indicates that the influxes of Heaven can be experienced at this level, in this place of exchange and
transformation. A pivot is somewhere from which one can bend without losing balance. When the
Stomach official has become ground down through hard work or obsessive thought this point can
bring the relief of allowing in a fresh experience, opinion or outlook, without the person’s boundary or
sense of self being threatened.
The fact that the Stomach toils away in the centre doesn’t mean its effects aren’t felt throughout the
system. This point can remind one there is a higher purpose to all this endeavour. A good point when
the processing of many issues has caused unsteadiness and insecurity. It can nourish someone through
the transitions of life and help maintain an even keel. SP 15 Great Horizontal is found at the same
level and the two points can be used together to enhance the centered flexibility necessary to the work
of the Earth element.
A very effective point for Stomach and intestinal disharmonies: Damp-Heat in the intestines, Heat in
the Stomach and intestines, stagnant qi in the Stomach, Spleen qi deficiency with Cold. Being the
front-mu point for the Large Intestines, this point can be used in excess or deficiency conditions of the
Stomach and intestines for physical or emotional problems. Front-mu points are particularly indicated
in acute excess situations.
Clears Heat in the Stomach and intestines when there is burning sensation of the epigastrium, thirst,
constipation and yellow tongue coat.
Regulates and tonifies the Spleen and intestines and is good for chronic diarrhoea from Spleen qi xu
(Moxa is recommended). Tonifies ying nutritive qi.
Good for mental irritation, anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, when these are due to Stomach disharmony
(particularly when there is Heat in the Stomach).
Indications Brings stability and refreshment to Body, Mind and Spirit.

Diarrhoea and pain.
Intestinal obstruction and pain from stagnant qi, endometriosis and abdominal masses.
Chronic diarrhoea and tiredness from Spleen deficiency.
Point Name ST 26 WAI LING Outside Mound Outer Mound

Energetic Nature
Commentary Ellis, Wiseman and Boss (1989) indicate that ‘mound’ referred to in Outside Mound, could refer to its
location on the outer edge of the mound of the rectus abdominus.
Harmonises the stomach and lower jiao.
Indications Abdominal pain and spasm.

Point Name ST 27 DA JU Great Might Great Gigantic Big Great At the Spring
Humor Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary When there is distention and stagnation of qi because the Stomach qi is failing to Rot and Ripen, and
the power of Earth to decrease is undermined, the person cannot assimilate and move forward.
Change and development are being impeded. Great Might moves Stomach qi. Contentment and a
sense of abundance can only occur through appropriate processing and assimilation. This point can be
used for moving stagnant qi, especially in the lower burner or in excess conditions of the Stomach
giving rise to lateral abdominal pain.
With the names ‘Spring’ and ‘Gate’ in the alternate names, it is not surprising that this point can
refresh and strengthen the Spirit and the qi.
Used for male genital problems and hernia.
Regulates stomach qi.
Indications Lower abdominal distention. Male genital problems.
Point Name ST 28 SHUI DAO Water Path Water Passage Water Way
Energetic Nature
Commentary As its name suggests, ST 28 helps regulate fluids in the lower burner. It benefits urination by opening
the Water passages in the lower jiao, stimulating the production and excretion of fluids. Without
fluids, the Body, Mind, and Spirit wither, stagnate, and fertility and fruition are affected. ST 28 also
regulates qi in the lower jiao and can be used for regulating the menstrual cycle where there are issues
of stagnation of qi and Blood.
It can be used to warm and tonify deficient qi or sinking qi in the lower jiao. Clears Damp-Heat in the
lower burner.
Indications Urinary retention. Menstrual problems.

Lower abdominal distention. Lower back pain.
Point Name ST 29 GUI LAI The Return Returning Return Ravine Hole
Ravine Valley
Energetic Nature
Commentary Relieves stagnation of Blood. An important point to eliminate stagnation of Blood in the Uterus and
regulate the menstrual cycle. It aids the return of the menstrual cycle. It helps regulate male and
female reproduction, infertility, impotence. Can help the Mind and Spirit break through old patterns
of stagnation to birth new projects and reap their harvest.
Good for menstrual problems where there is stagnation of Blood, dysmenorrhoea with dark clotted
Blood. Endometriosis.
Tonifies and raises qi of the middle jiao, so can be used for prolapse of the uterus. Can warm Cold in
the lower jiao. Clears lower jiao Damp-Heat.
Indications Lower abdominal pain.

Menstrual problems relating to stagnation. Fibroids. Uterine prolapse and, post-natally, to normalise
the uterus.

Point Name ST 30 QI CHONG Qi Rushing Surging Qi Penetrating Qi Qi’s Breakthrough
Qi Thoroughfare Sheep’s Droppings
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Chong mai/Penetrating Vessel with Ren and Du mai.
Point of the Sea of Nourishment
Commentary Regulates Chong mai. As an important point on the Stomach meridian, through its crossing with
Chong mai, it links pre-Heavenly qi (Kidneys) and post-Heavenly qi (Stomach and Spleen), and can
strengthen the whole system promoting the restoration of Kidney Essence (Jing). This makes it a
wonderfully freeing and restorative point for the Body, Mind and Spirit of Earth.
ST 30 and 36 together form the Sea of Nourishment (Ling Shu 33). They are called upon when there
is long-term severe malnutrition and depletion of the Stomach and Spleen, or digestive stagnation.
The great reservoir or ‘sea’ of nourishment and the strong coursing action of both points can help
bring relief.
ST 30 reinforces the Stomach and Spleen’s role in the formation of qi and Blood and Rotting,
Ripening and Transformation. The nature of Chong mai is powerful, combining both a yin nourishing
aspect and a yang surging of qi from its mix with Ren and Du mai. This point can be used alone or to
give further emphasis to the Opening and Coupled point of Chong mai.
If there is depression and stagnation from long term Blood deficiency or heartbreak from the lack of a
harvest in a relationship, this point can be used to reinvigorate whilst restoring nourishing Blood for
the shen to house itself. In this instance, you might combine it with Yin Wei mai, which also tonifies
the Blood, especially if there is sleeplessness or palpitations and anxiety as well.
Regulates qi and Blood in the lower jiao and can be used for abdominal masses, swelling of the
genitals, retention of placenta. Regulates Stomach qi, stimulates the digestive system. Regulates
Blood, especially stagnant Blood in the Uterus. Regulates groin area and genital problems.
The powerful qi of ST 30 raises qi. Together with the Stomach and Spleen control of the descending
and ascending of qi, it is helpful in regulating the qi in situations like prolapse. From its position at
the juncture of the body and legs and its lower pathway down the medial aspect of the legs, it can be
used to promote circulation.
Promotes Essence and thus can help impotence.
Indications To restore movement and vitality from depletion.

Pain and swelling of the external genitalia. Uterine prolapse. Infertility and impotence.
Retention of placenta.
Moves stagnation of Blood. Empirical Point for Food Poisoning (J.R. Worsley)
Point Name ST 31 BI GUAN Thigh Border Thigh Gate Hip’s Border Gate Thigh Joint
Energetic Nature
Commentary Influences the hip area by strengthening and moving qi in problems of the hip, groin, upper leg and
knees. Helps raise the leg when there is atrophy after Wind stroke causing the leg to drag.
Removes obstruction from the channel. Promotes circulation in the legs.
Dispels Wind and Cold.
Indications Groin sprain. Lymphadenitis. Hernia.

Lateral knee problems.
Dragging of legs after Wind stroke.

Point Name ST 32 FU TU Prostrate Hare Hidden Rabbit Prostrate Rabbit
Crouching Rabbit Outer Hill Outer Hook
Energetic Nature A point of the pattern used to release the Seven Internal Dragons
Commentary Removes obstruction from the channel and has a similar effect to ST 31, although not as effective for
raising the leg, but promotes circulation in leg and knee, and used for pain and cold in the lower back.
Expels Wind-Heat when it affects the Blood, so useful in certain skin diseases characterised by Wind-
Heat in the Blood such as acute urticaria.
Indications Spasm and pain in the hip area and lateral aspect of the leg.
Urticaria or acute Wind-Heat in the Blood.
Point Name ST 33 YIN SHI Yin Market Yin Tripod
Energetic Nature
Commentary Activates the channel. Disperses fullness and cold, swelling of the knee, cold and pain in the lower
back connecting to the knee.
At ST 33, qi and Blood are accumulated and dispersed like goods at a market place. This idea of a
place of exchange and distribution echoes the role of the Stomach in receiving in and sending out
the five grains. The Stomach meridian is a yang channel on a yin aspect of the body. Here we are
reminded of these two qualities as the Stomach meridian enters the region of the lower leg.
Indications Cold and pain or atrophy in the thigh, or knee.

Abdominal distention and cold.

Point Name ST 34 LIANG QIU Beam Mound Hip Bone Chicken Top Crane Top
Connecting Mound
Commentary As the xi-Cleft /Accumulation point, where Blood and qi tend to gather, located on the Stomach/
YangMing meridian — which is said to be rich in Blood and qi — Beam Mound is an invigorating and
restorative point. Xi-Cleft points are good for the mental level being a mix of yin Blood and yang qi,
encouraging both the calm and nourishment that intent and reciprocity are built upon, as well as the
vitality needing to string rational thought together. The Stomach official is involved in the production
of post-Heavenly essence, which also supports the good relationship of the heart and the brain,
necessary for clear thinking. Accumulation points have been likened to periscopes, as although they
are not command points they allow one to surface and check out new horizons while in the safe seas
near the command points.
Xi-Cleft points are also good for invigorating the particular meridian upon which they lie so they
are good for removing obstructions from the channel.
Accumulation points are useful for acute and excess patterns where channel qi gathers.
Expels Dampness, Wind, and Cold, particularly from the knee joint or lower part of the thigh, and
moves stagnant qi and Blood.
Regulates the Stomach. Clears Heat.
Subdues rebellious and rising Stomach qi.
Indications Invigorates the mental level, thought processes and perspective.

Hiccup, nausea, vomiting and gastritis from rising and rebellious Stomach qi.
Point Name ST 35 DU BI Calf Nose XI YAN Knee Eye
Energetic Nature
Commentary Calf Nose refers to the point’s location in a hollow next to the patella; when the knee is flexed a
hollow appears on each side of the knee resembling the nostrils of a calf.
Invigorates the channel. Benefits the knees. Relieves swelling. Stops pain.
Important point for the treatment of painful obstruction of the knee, and pain and stiffness of the knee.
Especially useful in expelling Cold and Damp when moxa is very effective either on the needle or as
Moxa stick. Can be used for inflammation of the knee without Moxa. Often used in combination
with a corresponding point on the medial aspect, which together are known as Xi Yan, Eyes of the
Knee.
Indications Painful and swollen knees.

Lower leg paralysis.

Point Name ST 36 ZU SAN LI Leg Three Miles Three Miles of the Foot Ghost Evil
Lower Sea of Qi
Energetic Nature Earth Point Horary point (0700 - 0900)
He-Sea point
Point of the Sea of Nourishment
One of the 9 needles for returning Yang
Command point for the abdomen
Commentary ST 36 is a major and important point. A great strengthening and enriching point for Body, Mind
and Spirit; it feeds one’s Earth element and underpins all the responsibilities of the Stomach
official.
Moxa on this point was said to allow people to march Three Li (a measure of distance) further, and
thus it promotes stamina. Wei-Defensive qi is nourished in the middle jiao. ST 36 can be used for
prevention of attacks from exterior forces,. Maciocia (1989) mentions it was often traditionally
used with moxa (every 5-7 days for ten minutes) on people over thirty, as a preventative treatment
to keep free from disease and strengthen Upright qi. ST 36 is a great point for general
improvement of health, strength, and resistance to diseases at any age. It is specific for treating
chronic emotional lability due to illness, weak constitution, overwork or old age. Used after
debilitating or chronic illnesses. As it tonifies Upright qi, it also strengthens resistance to attack
from exterior pathogenic factors. Raises the qi and used with moxa it raises yang and so can be
used for prolapses. As a He-Sea point it can reverse counterflow qi. It regulates and harmonises
Stomach qi, strengthening digestion, improving appetite, relieving indigestion, treating weight loss
and strengthening weak muscles, relieving epigastic pain. Known as the Command point of the
Stomach, its strong qi-coursing properties are used to relieve pain, distention, and masses in the
abdomen.
Being the Earth point on an Earth meridian enhances its Earth qualities. Earth gives one form, and
a place on which and in which to live one’s life. Earth within Earth has a harmonising action,
steadying and facilitating nourishment and resilience. The Rotting and Ripening performed by the
Stomach official, the maceration of thoughts, ideas, and food is central to qi production, ‘the 5 yin
organs all derive qi from the Stomach, thus the Stomach is the root of the five yin organs’ (Su Wen
19). Without this crucial role carried out by the Stomach a person will feel weak, unable to stand
their ground, unable to give form to any of their thoughts and perhaps unable to think clearly.
When the Stomach is deficient the person can feel disorientated and agitated, worried, not at home
or at ease in themselves. This point can calm and strengthen the Mind and Spirit. Used as a
Horary point in its time and/or season can access the full benefit of this point.
As stated in the commentary on ST 30, ST 36 and 30 together form the Sea of Nourishment (Ling
Shu 33). They are called upon when there is long-term severe malnutrition and depletion of the
Stomach and Spleen, or digestive stagnation. The great reservoir or ‘sea ‘of nourishment and the
strong coursing action of both points can help bring relief.
Tonifies qi and Blood. Being a He-Sea point gives it the property of releasing the qi and Blood
that is abundant in the Yang Ming. This He-Sea property of clearing stagnation can free the entire
body, whether from emotional depression, excess worrying or studying, or physical problems.
Benefits Stomach and Spleen and is used in all cases of deficiency of Stomach and Spleen to
improve the Rotting and Ripening of the Stomach and Transforming and Transporting function of
Stomach and Spleen, and thereby tonifies the qi of the entire body and helps disperse Damp.
[Continued…]

Point Name ST 36 ZU SAN LI Leg Three Miles […continued]
The alternative name of ‘Ghost Evil’ indicates its use in such disharmonies as epilepsy, manic
depression, schizophrenia, depression or when Heat in the Yang Ming is causing wild behaviour.
This point both calms the mind and strengthens the body.
Harmonises ying-Nutritive and wei-Defensive qi so that the ying-Nutritive qi stops sweating and
the wei-Defensive qi expels pathogenic factors. Used in cases of oedema when Defensive qi is
weak in the skin layers and fluids overflow from the channels to invade the space under the skin..
Tonifies Blood. Tonifies Lung qi.
Regulates the Intestines, especially where there is constipation from deficiency and stagnation.
Regulates Blood pressure. It brightens the eyes and can be used for blurred vision and declining
eyesight in old age.
Expels Wind and Damp from the channels where there is obstruction and pain. Local point for
knee problems. The abundant qi and Blood from the Yang Ming released by this point nourishes
the sinews and makes it useful in paralysis of the lower limbs.
Promotes lactation. From the breast connection with the stomach meridian, this point can free
stagnation in masses and pain.
Indications Tiredness, weakness, chronic ill health, vulnerability, dry skin, lethargy.
Feeling of fullness in the head, depression, lack of ambition, mental/emotional insecurity.
Nausea, vomiting, indigestion, constipation, abdominal distention.
Headache, mental congestion.

Point Name ST 37 SHANG JU XU Upper Great Void Upper Great Emptiness
Upper Great Vacuity Upper Great Hollow Upper Ridge of the Leg
Energetic Nature Lower He-Sea point of the Large Intestine

Sea of Blood point
Commentary Being the Lower He-Sea point for the Large Intestine, this point regulates the Stomach and Large
Intestine. It serves the same function for the Large Intestine meridian as ST 36 does to the Stomach
meridian. It affects the Large Intestine directly and is most often used for constipation and diarrhoea,
especially acute or Damp-Heat diarrhoea.
As one of the points of the Sea of Blood with ST 39 and BL 11, it can be used to nourish the Blood.
Ling Shu 33 states that this sea is indicated when the qi is increasing and decreasing in volume. This
may reflect as instability in the patient, changes in the complexion and distribution of fluids together
with long-term deficiency. Using the three points together not only calls on the great reservoir that
might be expected in a ‘sea’ but also acts as a series of regulating valves to stabilise the qi and Blood.
The Yang Ming Stomach /Large Intestine, is said to be rich in qi and Blood, so this is a particularly
useful point for nourishing the Blood. Keeping Blood well nourished lends stability, warmth and
flexibility to the Mind and Spirit, and this can be a nurturing and strengthening point if someone feels
feeble, not up to the tasks of life or feels the need to be more centred.
Its name Upper Great Void also refers to the fact that it can open the chest and be used to calm asthma
and breathlessness. This is due to the ability of this point to balance the body areas above the lower
extremities by sending qi downwards. Useful when someone’s energy is prone to rapidly alternating
highs and lows. Applicable when there are structural problems relating to the Arm Yang Ming area of
influence.
Indications Lower leg stiffness and pain.

Acute diarrhoea from Damp-Heat.
Tonifies Blood.
Point Name ST 38 TIAO KOU Narrow Opening Branch Opening Ribbon Opening
Energetic Nature
Commentary Tiao, when combined with Feng (Wind), is a classical term for the early Spring wind and suggests this
point’s ability to dispel Wind, according to the Great Compendium.
Situated between the Upper and Lower Great Voids, Narrow Opening provides a connecting duct for
the qi, and can be used to tonify and regulate the Stomach official when there is stagnation or
disturbance to the flow of Stomach qi.
Removes obstruction from the channel and also affects the area of influence of Arm Yang Ming/Large
Intestine. It is most often used as an empirical point for pain and stiffness of the shoulder joint,
usually needled with dispersion while the patient gently rotates the shoulder. Local and distal points
may then be used.
Indications Shoulder pain, lower leg, knee and foot pain, numbness and stiffness.
Dispels Wind. Stomach cramps.

Point Name ST 39 XIA JU XU Lower Great Void Lower Great Emptiness
Lower Great Hollow Lower Ridge
Energetic Nature Lower He-Sea point of the Small Intestine

Point of the Sea of Blood
Commentary As stated in ST 37, Lower Great Void, is one of the points of the Sea of Blood with ST 37 and BL
11, so it is used to nourish the Blood. Ling Shu 33 states that this sea is indicated when the qi is
increasing and decreasing in volume. This may reflect as instability in the patient, changes in the
complexion and distribution of fluids together with long-term deficiency. Using the three points
together not only calls on the great reservoir that might be expected in a ‘sea’ but also acts as a
series of regulating valves to stabilise the qi and Blood.
Being a point of the Sea of Blood and on the Yang Ming, which is abundant in qi and Blood, it can
used to tonify Blood. When a person feels emotionally or physically insubstantial, untethered from
a sense of self and unable to retain a feeling of being nourished by life, this point can stimulate the
lower jiao and give the person a sense of presence and reconnection with their centre. You might
use Upper and Lower Great Void together in this way. Because Upper and Lower Great Void offer
help to contain and maintain nourishment they can be used assist conception, and as a Sea of Blood
point ST 39 also fosters the warmth and lubrication that can ease emotional and physical lack of
libido.
Regulates the Small Intestine, especially when it is necessary to drain Damp-Heat downwards
(cloudy dark strong urine) or for lower abdominal pain with flatulence.
Eliminates Wind-Damp. Stops pain.
ST 39 can be used for pain, paralysis or atrophy of the lower leg, combine with other local points,
especially ST 37.
Indications Acute intestinal obstruction, pain, diarrhea, dysentery.

Point Name ST 40 FENG LONG Abundant Splendour Bountiful Bulge
Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting junction point with Spleen
Commentary The Earth element is not only associated with the transition between the seasons but also with ‘late
summer’, a time of harvest and abundance in nature. This luo-connecting junction point between
Stomach and Spleen, the two most intimately connected officials, resonates with the fruits of their
labours. If the Official who Rots and Ripens, and the Official who Transforms and Transports,
work well together and are healthy, then a person will be strong and well nourished in Body, Mind
and Spirit. They will have no inappropriate exhaustion, their thought will take shape into form,
they will have a strong sense of their own centre, knowing when to nourish themselves and when
to be supportive to others. They will have a sense of bounty, and of the ‘splendour’ or radiance
that the Stomach Official as part of the Yang Ming imparts to life. Often with imbalance in the
Earth element, there is the sense of the person never having received what they needed or wanted,
that somehow they couldn’t sustain their plans through maturation into manifestation and
something they could reap. This point, which has a harmonising action between these two officials,
promotes a sense of connection with the abundance of the universe, and the possibility that the
Stomach, the Great Storehouse, contains a harvest for them. This sense of trust that they will
receive what they need alleviates anxiety, circular worry, and epigastric tightening, “butterflies” in
the Stomach.
The ‘bulge’ in the name refers to its location as the bulge in the belly of the tibialis anterior muscle
and to the abundance and vitality of qi at the Luo-Connecting point. As the junction point, it can
be used to correct imbalance between Stomach and Spleen when there is relative excess in one or
the other. Being a Yang Ming point on the leg, it nourishes the sinews where there is paralysis or
stiffness. Feng Long means “thunder”, it is considered to be a sign of the Earth’s abundance.
Resolves Phlegm and clears Damp. ST 40 is the most commonly used point for resolving Phlegm,
whether catarrh, under the skin, thyroid lumps, uterine lumps, obesity or when Phlegm mists the
shen causing mental disturbance, depression or muzziness of the head and mental confusion.
When Phlegm and Damp obstruct the flow of qi in the channel and prevent pure yang qi from
reaching the head, heaviness both physical and emotional in the head and body can result, leading
to depression and lethargy. Conversely, extreme worry, obsessions or poor or over-rich diet that
impair the Rotting and Ripening of the Stomach or the Transforming and Transporting of the
Spleen can lead to the formation of Damp and Phlegm.
Calms the mind both through resolving Phlegm that is misting the shen, and by allowing clear qi to
rise up, and additionally through being on the Yang Ming meridian which is rich in Blood and qi,
and which has a profound effect when the person is extremely anxious, phobic, fearful or their
mind goes round and round.
Clears Stomach Heat. Calms asthma. It is used in the treatment of asthma to resolve Phlegm as
well as open the chest and soothe breathing. It relaxes the chest after bruising of the ribcage.
Indications Anxiety, tiredness, mental confusion, poor memory.

Sinusitis/Headache from Phlegm. Nausea, vomiting and indigestion from Phlegm.
Asthma/bronchitis. Swelling of the thyroid/lymph nodes.
Palpitations and oppression in the chest caused by Phlegm misting the Heart.

Point Name ST 41 JIE XI Released Stream Dispersing Stream Ravine Divide Shoelace

Jing-River point
Tonification point
One of the points used to release the Seven Internal Dragons
Commentary Released Stream removes obstructions from the channel. As a Jing-River point it will affect joints,
and so can be used locally for the ankle and foot. Used to remove Cold and Damp where there is pain,
arthritis or stiffness in the foot. The location of ST 41, at the juncture of foot and leg, between two
tendons is the trickiest energetic geography the stomach meridian has encountered since ST 30 Qi
Rushing; it is a place where stuck qi needs releasing and encouraging from before it can reach ST 42
Rushing Yang. It is helped in this by the Stomach’s natural inclination to descend the qi, echoed on a
greater scale by the trajectory of the whole pathway, which starts near the eye and descends to the foot.
As a tonification point, Fire engenders Earth. The sheng cycle connection nourishes Earth and brings
illumination and purification to this hard working official. It is easy when pre-occupied with the
essential maintenance and construction of the Body, Mind and Spirit to feel bogged down by the
‘mundanity’ of work and processing. Fire with both its purifying aspect and the light it radiates can
help remind one of the potential joy and excitement in life, encourage one to take some time to relax
and open up rather than doggedly pursuing the tasks ahead. It can give a sense of support to Earth.
Fire encourages mutual interest and exchange between beings, something Earth, which is so involved
in offering support to the other officials, or conversely only focused on its own interests, may need.
The strong qi action of this point can help release mental knotted-ness as well as invigorate the Blood.
If Earth is too cold to get moving or flustered from being too hot to operate, this point can help
regulate the temperature. Released Stream activates the whole meridian.
ST 41, in its capacity as a Fire point, can be used to clear Heat, especially Stomach Heat, when there
is burning epigastric pain and thirst, red eyes, constipation.
Also good for headache or sore throat due to Stomach Heat.
Clears the Mind by conducting Heat downwards away from the head and so can be used in mania.
Eliminates Wind. Brightens the eyes.
Indications Helps restore a sense of joy when Earth has become ground down by life.
Mania, incoherent speech.
Ankle pain or restriction.
Headache, red eyes, bleeding gums.
Vomiting due to Stomach Heat.

Point Name ST 42 CHONG YANG Rushing Yang Meeting Bones Meeting Gush
Unrestrained Yang Meeting Source
Energetic Nature Source point

Exit point
Commentary As a yuan-Source point, ST 42 will have the inbuilt stability and self-regulation that the connection
with Original qi affords. This ‘chong’ quality of qi available at this point, is frequently needed in the
regulation of the Stomach. This is shown by there being three points from ST 30 downwards that
include ‘chong’, with its association of penetrative movement and rhythm, in their name. In spite of
the Stomach’s natural movement of descending the qi, it frequently gets caught going in circles, never
stopping, or going countercurrent. Getting out of rhythm and balance can mean the Stomach can’t
hold on to what it has received long enough to extract nourishment for itself or the other officials. It
can mean that ideas are ‘half-baked’, not thought through, and experiences are insufficiently
processed. Conversely every impulse, idea and instinct is done to death before ever taking shape
because all the spontaneity and vitality has been thought about in every possible permutation, and
everything just becomes another source of concern and exhaustion. Reconnecting with one’s Original
qi can help one stop trying to control everything from anxiety and allow a moment of relaxation and
trust in the universe helping the Stomach to truly receive throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit.
Calms the Mind and is used for emotional distress. When worry or overthinking is distressing a
person, this point roots them back to a stable place. It can be combined with TH 4 for a harmonising
effect or LI 4 for a calming one where there is chronic restlessness of Mind or Body.
Tonifies Stomach and Spleen. As the Source point, this point strengthens Stomach and Spleen. A
good tonic point. Combined with TH 4, it tonifies the middle jiao, dispels Cold from the joints and is
used where there is obstruction from Cold.
Removes obstruction from the channel and as the exit point brings qi downward and releases it, so it
can be used to clear heat from the Stomach and the Yang Ming.
“Chong” in the point name means “rushing”, reminding one of the pulse that can be felt here and the
qi at this point which shares the surging, penetrative quality of chong mai.
Indications Anxiety. Calms the Mind and Spirit. Stabilises Stomach. A good tonic point.
Fever. Hysteria, toothache, gingivitis, facial swelling.
Abdominal distention.

Point Name ST 43 XIAN GU Sinking Valley Deep Valley Sunken Valley

Shu Stream point
Commentary Earth and Wood dominate the middle jiao. Earth gives us form but, when out of balance, Earth can
fail to bring thoughts into action, thinking processes can fail to be clear and penetrative, and the spirit
of Earth can get bogged down from trying to sustain and support, crumbling away at the edges or
sinking in the centre. The Wood aspect of Earth that can be accessed here is important in helping
Earth to get started. It helps to sustain a new beginning in a straight line. Wood can be great at
clearing a path at the level of intelligent adventurous thinking. The impulse that Wood embodies
takes us to the extremities and then enables us to stop there, so it can impart a sense of boundary in
Earth, so it is possible to say “No, attend to one’s own needs without rescuing the world first”. The
exuberance of Wood in its natural upward and outward movement can be invigorating for Earth if it
has become rigid or directionless. The movement of Earth is from the centre outward, sometimes the
vision of Wood refreshes and enlarges Earth’s horizons.
The name refers to the anatomy, where the Stomach meridian enters a Sinking Valley between the
second and third metatarsals.
Eliminates Wind and Heat. Mostly used as a general point to expel Wind and Heat from painful joints.
Regulates the stomach and affects the face as a distal point.
Indications When Earth can’t get started or think in a straight line. Good for the Mind and Spirit.
Tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, muscular aches brought on by invasion of Wind. Facial oedema.
Abdominal pain. Pain and swelling of the dorsum of the foot, heel pain.

Point Name ST 44 NEI TING Inner Courtyard Inner Court

Ying-Spring point
Commentary The Stomach is the Sea of Grains and Liquids and needs sufficient fluid to perform its
responsibility of Rotting and Ripening. The Stomach is said to dislike dryness, while the Spleen
dislikes damp. Without sufficient lubrication, digestion and thought processes become partially
assimilated, gritty and stodgy. Stagnation and heat can result. The resulting irritation in the system
can lead to a sense of panic and agitation. You may feel mentally unable to resolve a situation and
move on, mental processing never finishes and heat clouds your perceptions; or you feel mentally
or physically too full to take in any more, but what you have ingested isn’t nourishing you.
Good for anxiety around symptoms and emotions. When someone’s distress and anxiety about
their symptoms seems excessive to the prognosis / symptoms, or when the fear of being frightened
has become more than the pain itself — the person may seem to others as if they are being a
‘drama queen’, then Earth needs the fluid yin reflective properties that Inner Courtyard helps to
provide.
Use where there is restlessness, agitation, or lack of concentration from Heat in the Stomach. This
agitation can lead to incessant eating or feeling that one’s needs are never satisfied. Emotional
instability can result as well as the perception is that no one else supports you or attends to your
inner hurt. Water, with its yin properties and involvement in the regulation of fluids, can soothe
the alarm and distress of the Stomach. Concentration and clear thinking can be restored as
processing returns to a normal pace and consistency.
The name partly refers to the location of the point. Also, indicative pathology talks of people
‘shutting themselves in rooms (“courtyards”) and shunning contact with people, hating to hear
human voices’ (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
ST 44 clears heat from the Stomach channel and can be used for nearly all Stomach complaints
where Heat features; since Heat and Fire tend to collect in the upper part of the Stomach meridian,
the Ying Spring point properties of ST 44 are called upon to clear Fire.
It is an excellent point for headaches in the Yang Ming area of the head, rhinitis or sinusitis where
there is Heat, sore throat due to Stomach Fire, indigestion, heartburn, diarrhoea or constipation due
to Heat.
It clears pain from the face along the Stomach meridian especially the lower jaw. Good for
trigeminal neuralgia, facial paralysis, it can be combined with LI 4 to clear Wind and pain from the
face. It can be used in analgesia for toothache and childbirth. Skin rashes, acne, eczema from
Stomach Heat.
Ling Shu and Shan Han Lun both describe Yang Ming febrile symptoms, febrile delirium, high
fever.
Indications Irritability, over processing, resentment, lack of concentration.

Agitation.
Bleeding gums. Stomach complaints with Heat.

Point Name ST 45 LI DUI Hard Bargain Sick Mouth Evil’s Dissipation

Jing-Well point
Sedation point
Commentary Hard Bargain, ST 45, where the Metal aspect of Earth can be influenced, benefits the Stomach official
in many ways. Metal is formed within the earth and brings inspiration and quality to Earth. Metal can
help Earth acknowledge its own harvest and be conscious of what it values. Metal helps Earth know
the limits of its work, distinguishing what is meeting the needs of Earth and what is over-involvement
in someone else’s territory. Metal, with its clear notion of boundaries, represented by the body hairs
on the skin, can help Earth draw back to the centre, weigh up the situation and regain reason. Metal
helps Earth have a sense of purpose. Metal as a conductor of heat and cold can help regulate the
climate within Earth and invigorate when there is inertia or an inability to accept and welcome others
from cold.
As the Sedation point, Hard Bargain can calm Earth if it has become agitated and over emotional.
The Stomach meridian started near the eye and ends here on the foot (though the exit point on the wei
level to its Yang Ming partner, Large Intestine, is at ST 42). It traverses a long territory working
unceasingly with its partner the Spleen to contribute to the maintenance of the five zang and our life.
An alternative name Sick Mouth returns us to the head, near where the Stomach started its meridian
journey as well as indicating one of the uses of this point: empirical point for hangover, especially
with sickness.
ST 45 calms the Mind and Spirit when they are disturbed by Stomach Heat, which agitates the Heart
and causes insomnia, restlessness and disorientation. This point can calm the Heart and the Stomach.
As a distal point, it affects the face and can clear Stomach Fire patterns affecting the eyes, nose, teeth,
face, stomach and skin. Treats disorders of the mouth, wry mouth, tooth decay in the upper jaw and
clenched jaw.
As a Jing-Well point, it can invigorate the circulation of qi and Blood in the Stomach meridian,
affecting circulation in the feet and also the Mind, improving mental dullness and congestion as well
as fullness or blockage in the body. Jing-Well points provide a release for qi when it wells up from
excess, and are also used to release pathogens.
Brightens the eyes especially when Stomach heat affects the eyesight.
Clears the Heart of Heart Fire, in this instance it is used with direct moxa cones.
Relieves retention of food.
Indications Brings inspiration and purpose to Mind and Spirit.

Clears Stomach Fire. Clears Heart Fire.
Releases Heat and pathogens.
Insomnia from agitated shen.

The Spleen
Meridian
Point Name SP 1 YIN BAI Retired White Hidden White Yin White Ghost Pile
Ghost Eye Hidden Clarity

Jing-Well point
Entry point
Commentary The Spleen meridian begins its journey of Transforming and Transporting, renewing the Body,
Mind and Spirit at the big toe. The Spleen commands the ascending of qi, and it is helped here by
being a Wood point. The upward and outward movement of the Wood impulse assists the Spleen,
not just in its distribution of juices and essences throughout the body and zang, but also at the level
of the Mind. Thought is intimately connected with the Spleen, and the penetrative ability of Wood
helps it avoid stagnation, able to think clear, long thoughts. The Spleen is connected with our
centre, the representation within the Body, Mind and Spirit of the place of humanity in the
exchanges between Heaven and Earth. Larre & Rochat (Survey of Chinese Medicine 1986) say we
return to the central place “to which the whole circulatory dynamics of man and the cosmos returns
to rediscover its resources”. The Spleen is the agent of transformation, not only through its
transporting capacity, but because it gives shape to form, whether our flesh, Blood, or our thoughts.
Operating at its best, the Spleen allows thought to return to our centre to consider a situation from
all sides so we choose the most appropriate response and it also enables our ‘consciousness of
possibilities’ (Ted Kaptchuk, TAS lecture), helping us to embody our higher purpose and yield a
great harvest. Yin Bai can help if preoccupation, obsessive rumination or depression has led to
Blood stagnation, or if Blood stagnation has led to anxiety and restlessness. This point calms the
Mind and stops excessive dreaming. It brings clarity of thought where there is congestion or
mental agitation (overthinking being both a causation as well as a pathology of the Spleen) by its
powerful invigorating Wood and Jing-Well nature. It encourages the upholding nature of the
Spleen, facilitating the flow of Blood and qi as it starts its journey to the Lung (Hand Tai Yin). It
links Earth to Heaven.
Use with direct moxa to stop bleeding from any part of the body (nose, stomach, bladder,
intestines) and particularly the Uterus. It stops bleeding by strengthening the Spleen’s function of
holding the Blood. Hidden White refers to the idea that Earth creates Metal, and here is a reminder
of the Metal element. “White” refers to Metal, and reminds one of the connection between Spleen
and Lung as Tai Yin. Hidden White may also refer to the flesh where the point is located by the
nail. The ‘flourishing of the Spleen and the essences is at the ‘four whites’ — the corners of the
lips (Su Wen 9 Larre & Rochat 1995) — the Spleen has mastery over the mouth. “Ghost
Pile/Ghost Eyes ” is indicated for use when a person dreams with the sensation of weight pressing
on the body. Also used with LU 11; together they are called Gui Lin Ghost Eyes, where the patient
stares vacantly into space; three small moxas are burnt on the points, alternating between SP 1 and
LI 11.
Jing-Well points can disperse excess qi that is welling in the channel. They can be drained to
release Heat and interior Wind in cases of mania, convulsions, and can relieve “fullness below the
heart” (Nan Jing). This is taken to mean internal blockage in the body, as these points, while being
the most distal, also have a deep well-like reach to the organs. SP 1 is said to regulate overweight
and overeating especially when caused by depression or worry. When dispersed it is said to reduce
the craving for sweet food; the effect of Wood on Earth, sour flavours will often dispel the urge for
something sweet just as the upwards surge of qi in a new beginning can break through rumination;
it is tonified where there is lack of appetite from Spleen yang deficiency and stagnation.
Tonifies the Spleen. Regulates Blood, especially in cases of Blood stasis in the Uterus. Calms the
Mind.
Indications Depression, melancholia, stagnation of Mind and Spirit.

Prolonged menstruation from Spleen qi deficiency. Insomnia from Blood deficiency.
Bleeding from the Spleen not containing the Blood.
Abdominal distention, nausea.
Mania and hysteria from Heat and Interior Wind.

Point Name SP 2 DA DU Great Capital Big Capital Great Metropolis Great Pool

Ying-Spring point
Tonification point
Commentary The Ling Shu talks of using both SP 2 and 3 together to treat the Spleen. Da Du can infuse Earth with
resonances of Fire, whether lightheartedness and relaxation when Spleen becomes too self absorbed
and serious, maturity, trust and expansiveness when Earth has become cold and bogged down, the
light and inspiration of the shen necessary for the prompt that initiates intent into thought and form. A
capital or metropolis is a busy place full of exchanges, negotiations and “minglings” just as the Spleen
is constantly busy at our centre. Da Du can bring light and vitality to the Spleen.
As a tonification point, it reconnects the mother-child relationship along the sheng cycle, bringing
nourishment and support to Earth, which supports all the officials. Great Capital can tonify Spleen
yang where there are signs of deficiency and Cold-Damp, mental or physical lethargy, cold
extremities. When Earth has become cold and inert, or overheated, it is hard to feel strong in Body
or think clearly. Things become stuck in a rut rather than circulating freely or become agitated and
flustered. SP 2 can help regulate the temperature of the Spleen so it can manage all its
relationships and transitions with ease.
Regulates the Spleen and Stomach and reduces digestive stagnation.
As a Fire point and Ying-Spring point, SP 2 is used to expel pathogenic factors, to clear Heat in the
early stages of fevers due to Exterior Heat, and to induce sweating. In particular, it is used to clear
Heat and Damp-Heat from the Spleen or Stomach (vomiting, diarrhoea, epigastric pain, insomnia,
restless dreaming), reddening of the flesh or eyes, or to assist in Bi syndrome to loosen stiff painful
joints affected by Heat.
Empirical first aid point for sprains and fractures. (J.R.Worsley)
Indications Revitalises the Body, Mind, Spirit of Spleen.

Tonify Spleen yang, mental or physical lethargy, cold extremities.
Vomiting, diarrhoea, epigastric pain. Insomnia, restless dreaming.
Induces sweating.

Point Name SP 3 TAI BAI Supreme White Greater White Great Brightness

Horary point (0900 - 1100)
Yuan-Source point
Shu-Stream point
Commentary As the Earth point on the Earth Spleen meridian and the Source point, this is an important point to
enhance the Spleen.
Excessive thinking, worry and brooding over things injures Spleen qi. This point revitalises the
brain, enriches the Blood to promote the memory and clears foggy thinking. It stabilises the Spirit
to reduce worry. As a yuan-Source point it connects us to our Original qi, which roots and stills us.
It helps the Spleen to self regulate and balance itself. Spleen often suffers from the ‘always busy’
syndrome, losing the necessary environment for memory to function well and leading to
exhaustion at all levels. The Stomach and Spleen relate to one’s centre, one’s Earth, this is the
Earth point on an Earth yin meridian, helping one to feel centred, strong and steady. It lends a
great sense of balance and security when Earth feels wobbly. It strengthens the Spleen, tonifies
tiredness from deficiency, coldness from deficient Spleen yang, prolapse from Spleen qi sinking,
and Damp. In a good state of health, the Spleen doesn’t feel oppressed or drained but provides
regulated and easy communication throughout the system; it upholds the qi, contains the Blood,
grants a sense of strength in the limbs and enables us to make smooth transitions and accommodate
changes in our life, as it does between the seasons.
When Damp has contributed to foggy thinking, heavy muzzy head, stuffiness in the upper jiao,
lack of appetite in the middle jiao, or cloudy urine in the lower jiao, this point can help clear Damp.
Excess Damp impairs the functioning of Spleen’s transforming abilities which in turn leads to
more Damp. In good balance the Spleen is suffused by humidity but humidity that constantly
evaporates so the Spleen does not become too damp, as the Spleen hates to be wet. When this
happens, the Spleen cannot play its part in transporting liquids and bloating and tiredness occur.
The Spleen assists the relationship of the Heart and Kidneys, so the relationship of essences/jing
and spirits/shen can be maintained. This point reinforces the Transforming and Transporting
abilities of Spleen. This point is also used to encourage Foot Tai Yin /Spleen/Earth to fortify Hand
Tai Yin/Lung/Metal when there is cough from Phlegm lodged in the Lungs, and generally to
nourish the Lungs (Metal) as the Child of Earth.
The Su Wen cites the Spleen as controlling the spine and it is used in lower back ache to strengthen
the back, possibly due to its ability to raise qi and control the muscles as well as its (anterior)
central yet transporting action which can strengthen the opposite aspect of the body.
Moves stagnant qi (epigastric pain). Clears Damp-Heat as in gastroenteritis.
Tai Bai is the name of Venus, located in the western sky and related to Metal and the white colour.
This is another reminder of Earth’s ability to nourish Metal.
Indications Worry. Poor memory. Tiredness, coldness, lethargy, loss of appetite, abdominal distention.
Insomnia from worry and Blood deficiency. .
Constipation. Diarrhoea. Stomach ache.

Point Name SP 4 GONG SUN Grandfather Grandson Prince’s Grandson
Minute Connecting Vessels Grandfather’s Branch Yellow Emperor
Ancestor and Descendant
Energetic Nature Luo/Connecting/Junction point

Opening point of the Chong mai
Coupled point of Yin Wei mai
Commentary SP 4 is a wonderful point for the spirit of Earth. Its connection with Chong mai, and thus indirectly
with pre-and post-Heavenly qi, gives a sense of continuity through the generations and the promise
of a future. All the richness of Chong mai and Spleen qi (in the production of Blood and qi with
responsibility for distribution and nutrition) brings a sense of abundance and flourishing, of being
able to prepare and nourish and look to the future with confidence and optimism. If a person is
feeling sorry for herself, oppressed and overwhelmed, this point will bring strength and trust.
‘Ancestor and Descendant’ is yet another name for this point which implies a continuity of
nourishment through generations from past and present to future. The Spleen works for the
continuity of our life through renewing our essences and qi. Essences help provide the necessary
environment for the spirits. SP 4 is the Luo/Connecting/Junction point between the Spleen and
Stomach and so can be used in disharmony that involves both and to tonify both. Stomach and
Spleen are closer than any other yin/yang element pairing in the closeness of their roles. SP 4 can
be used to keep the balance of Earth yin and yang in harmonious exchange, Stomach can find it
hard to stop and Spleen hard to start, Spleen (yin) controls the lower half of the body, Stomach
masters the upper half. Stomach and Spleen command the descending and ascending of the qi, the
free circulation of which keeps us receptive to the influences of Heaven and Earth and able to
separate the pure and impure. They need to be in good relationship as the controllers of the
storehouses and granaries, what they ingest from the outside becomes part of us and through being
continually renewed we remain able to participate in life, to realise and shape the possibilities that
life presents to us. Good functioning of the Stomach and Spleen enables us to experience the five
tastes. The ‘Grandson’ in the name can refer to the offshoot (connecting vessel) of the main
‘Grandfather’ channel. SP 4 can be used to clear retention of Damp in the epigastrium, stasis of
Blood in the Stomach, clear Stomach Heat and counterflow stomach qi.
SP 4 is the Opening point on the Chong Mai/Penetrating Vessel. Chong mai coalesces with ST 30,
so both Stomach and Spleen independently, as well as through the luo-junction point, have a
connection with the ‘Root of Anterior and Posterior Heaven’ (Larre & Rochat 1992). Chong mai is
the ‘Sea of the 12 meridians’ as well as the ‘Sea of Blood’. Chong mai passes through the three
jiao affecting the Kidneys, Uterus, Heart and Stomach in particular, as well as the medial aspect of
the leg, and it has both a richly nourishing aspect as well as a more yang penetrating aspect to its
energy, which makes it suitable for dispersing stagnation. Chong mai links pre- and post-Heavenly
qi, so this point can affect and tonify the qi of SP, ST and KI. It is a useful point when there is
chronic tiredness and weakness with weak digestion and constitution, anxiety and depression.
Stops bleeding. SP 4 activates Chong mai. Chong mai enters the Uterus and regulates
menstruation. This ability, as well as the Spleen function of holding the Blood, stops excessive
bleeding. In activating the Chong mai, this point can affect the circulation in the meridians, as well
as the small capillary-like vessels pertaining to the Chong mai which diffuse over the Chest and
abdomen. In addition, the Spleen “is in charge of holding the Blood together” (i.e. in the vessels)
and Spleen controls the Minute Connecting Channels through SP 21. Useful when there is Blood
deficiency and stagnation in the Uterus or lower jiao leading to painful and irregular periods,
endometriosis, fibroids, abdominal masses and pain or distention. SP 4 helps problems of
circulation in the legs due to stagnation of qi and Blood.
The Yellow Emperor’s family name was GONG SUN. This has been taken either to indicate the
importance of this point to the Earth element, as the Yellow Emperor was to the Earth phase of
Chinese history, or to suggest that the Yellow Emperor discovered this point.
Indications Nourishes the Mind and Spirit when oppressed, ground down or weak.
Chronic tiredness and weakness.
Painful and irregular periods, endometriosis, fibroids, abdominal masses, pain or distention.
Raynaud’s disease.

Point Name SP 5 SHANG QIU Merchant Mound Gold Mound Metal Mound Shang Hill
Metal’s Note Hill

Jing-River point
Sedation point
Reunion of veins
Commentary As the ambassador of Metal on the Spleen meridian, this point can lead Earth out of self-obsession.
Metal being the child of Earth on the sheng cycle, can restore a sense of purpose, and awareness of
other perspectives. If Earth has become too wrapped up in ‘mundanities’ or forgotten the bigger
picture of life, then Metal with its rhythm of inspiration and letting go can re-inspire Earth, reminding
it of its role as the centre of exchanges between Heaven and Earth. It can also bring the vitality of
Metal in good health – the Lung is the Master of Breaths and can infuse with inspiration. If the
Spleen has become rambling and unfocused, thoughts straying all over the place with no obvious
pattern, then the movement of Metal, gathering back to the inside, and having a clear sense of
boundaries can help. Metal can help Earth regain a sense of balance when regulation at the centre has
been lost and the person is experiencing big mood swings, feeling very needy and unstructured. The
canopy of the Lung brings a sense of protection to a person and the Metal aspect within Earth can
bring richness and strength to the Spleen and the qi and Blood.
Shang is the sound on the five note musical scale which relates to Metal.
Used as a local point for knee or ankle pain. Jing River points are used when exterior pathogenic
factors have invaded thus far along a channel and are diverting to bones and joints and sinews. The
action of these points flushes qi through the channel, making them useful points in Bi (“Painful
Obstruction”) syndrome or paralysis. Resolves Damp in Bi Syndrome.
Being the Jing-River (Metal) point on the Spleen meridian this point can be used for dry coughs
asthma and upper respiratory diseases. Strengthens the Stomach and Spleen.
Indications Good for the Mind and Spirit when Spleen has become bogged down or scattered.
Enriches Body, Mind and Spirit.
Ankle and knee problems.

Point Name SP 6 SAN YIN JIAO Three Yin Crossing Three Yin Meeting
Great Yin/Tai Yin Life Support Lower Three Li
Energetic Nature Meeting point of the three yin meridians of the leg; Spleen, Liver and Kidney
One of the nine needles for returning yang
Commentary SP 6, as the crossing point of Spleen, Liver and Kidney, has a harmonising and regulating effect.
Its yin focus will help root, calm and steady Body, Mind and Spirit when there has been agitation
or weakness. It calms the spirit when the person is overwrought or in despair, feeling too burdened
to cope. It is used for insomnia from Blood or yin deficiency, particularly Spleen and Heart
deficiency when the Spleen fails to make enough Blood in which the shen can reside, causing it to
float at night resulting in insomnia. The association with the Kidney also helps the jing/shen
Kidney/Heart axis stay well connected, the Spleen acts as a pivot between the Heart and Kidneys.
This access to so much yin influence helps support the memory and strength of thought, it helps the
Spleen stay flexible and adapt to change without losing its purpose, getting lost in rumination or
scattered by rushing or overthinking. Earth is prone to oppression and worry, the nourishing effect
of SP 6 can help smooth out any knotted-ness and support the Spirit.
Strengthens the Spleen and can be used in all Spleen deficiency situations: poor appetite, loose
stools, tiredness, or worry. In combination with ST 36 it strongly tonifies the middle jiao. Tonifies
qi and Blood to relieve chronic tiredness. SP 6 has broad treatment implications, as it affects the
three yin meridians of the leg.
Clears Damp, a major point for this whether with Heat or Cold, particularly if the lower jiao is
involved, mucus in the stools, cloudy urine, itching of the genitals.
SP 6 has a specific action on urinary function when associated with Dampness in the lower jiao; it
smoothes out obstructions and relieves pain when there is cloudy urine or retention of urine or
difficult urination. SP 6 also affects Kidney and Liver meridians. Particularly good for enabling
the smooth calm flow of Liver qi when this is stagnant: painful periods, abdominal pain and
irritability. It is this relationship with Liver qi, combined with its ability to eliminate Damp and
tonify the Spleen that enable SP 6 to stop pain, especially in the lower jiao.
Regulates the Uterus and menstruation so useful in all related conditions including irregular
periods. Helpful in inducing labour (Therefore use with caution during late pregnancy).
Linking with the Kidney meridian, it tonifies the Kidney, particularly Kidney yin, so can be used
for tinnitus, night sweats, feeling of heat, dry mouth. The three yin meridians of the leg connect
with Ren and Chong mai in the lower jiao, further enhancing SP 6’s ability to influence the Blood,
and Nourish Blood and yin. Removes stasis of Blood, especially in relation to the Uterus and so
moves blood in the lower jiao. Being yin, it also cools the Blood and can be used to clear Blood-
Heat.
Indications Agitation, worry, insomnia,chronic tiredness, inability to concentrate.

Pain, masses and distention of the lower jiao.
Frees urinary flow. Digestive and abdominal symptoms. Loss of appetite.
Damp, imbalances where Damp is a factor.
Dysmenorrhoea with clotted Blood, bleeding in the stools.

Point Name SP 7 LOU GU Leaky Valley Leaking Valley Yin Channel
Tai Yin Connection
Energetic Nature
Commentary Strengthens and supports the Spleen. If Spleen qi is not properly regulated, Food (Gu) qi will be
lost leading to fatigue and weight loss. The point is located in the longitudinal gully formed by the
calf muscle; this location, together with the idea that this point drains damp from the Spleen,
provides the association with the name.
Harmonises the Stomach. Clears Damp. Disperses swellings.
Indications Cold and numbness in the thigh.

Weight loss despite normal food intake.
Point Name SP 8 DI JI Earth Motivator Earth Pivot Earth’s Crux Earth’s Mechanism
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft/Accumulation Point
Commentary Spleen and Stomach together form the central pivot in the human being, the representation of
humanity, the place of exchange between the transmissions of Heaven and Earth. Together they are
responsible for the maintenance and reconstruction of the Officials. Sometimes the quality of Earth is
such that it is hard for the Spleen to fulfill its task of Transporting and Transforming. If Earth has
been deprived or depleted, if it has been overextended, always giving out and never receiving, whether
on a practical level or mentally, nourishment is needed. Without the correct balance, Earth gets out of
sorts, rigid and unable to adapt to changes, it drags along the same old grooves with a sense of weary
oppression. Earth Motivator is a wonderful point for the Body, Mind and Spirit if Earth needs to
loosen up, get things going and realign with its higher purpose. If awareness of the possible creative
transformations that could happen in life is at a low ebb, this point can be a good place to start
irrigating and invigorating the Spleen. It is often used early in treatment to cultivate the Spleen both
to accept life and process events, whether digestive or emotional, more efficiently.
Although the name Earth Motivator would seem to indicate the point more when Spleen qi is either
lethargic or ’phlegmatic’, to boost and revivify, this point can also balance or soothe and return an
over-extended Spleen to a state of equanimity. The ceaseless work of the Spleen throughout the Body,
Mind and Spirit, means often it gets worn down and weary at all levels; Earth Motivator can refresh
the Spirit and the Spleen’s raison d’etre, its ‘motivation’. When Spleen is troubled by overthinking,
worry, obsessional, stuck thinking and depression this point can free the qi. The Xi-
Cleft/Accumulation point on the Spleen meridian is where Earth qi gathers. Xi-Cleft points are said to
be particularly helpful for the functioning of the Mind and so Earth Motivator is relevant for Spleen
with its relationship to thought; the accumulation of Blood and qi here supports memory and
perspective — it helps the Spleen ponder and consider things from different angles without losing
sight of the initial intent or getting ‘boggy’. Xi-Cleft points are described as ‘periscope’ points, which
enable one to look at things anew.
Xi-Cleft points are especially invigorating for the meridian to which they belong. They are good for
freeing the qi and coursing the meridian and so are used for removing obstructions from the meridian.
Stops pain. This point is used in both acute and chronic dysmenorrhoea. Xi-Cleft points help regulate
qi and Blood. SP 8 moves stagnant Blood and enlivens circulation, helps cold feet arising from
stagnation of Blood and qi. Regulates the Uterus by enlivening the Blood thus removing stagnation.
The Ode to Elucidate Mysteries states: “Man consists of top, middle, bottom. The major points for
these three areas are Great Embracement (SP 21), Celestial Pivot (ST 25) and Earth’s Crux (SP 8)”; so
SP 8 can be seen as the major motivating point for the lower regions.
Indications To invigorate the Spleen function. Lack of mental freshness, inertia at the level of Body, Mind and
Spirit. Menstrual pain especially with stagnation, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhoea.

Point Name SP 9 YIN LING QUAN Yin Mound Spring

He-Sea point
Commentary The knee is thought to resemble a hill or mound. This is a Water point or ‘spring’ nearby the mound.
The Spleen transports fluids and the Water element controls and stores fluids throughout the Body,
Mind and Spirit. This point helps regulate the balance of fluids within the Spleen. Excessive Damp
impairs the functioning of the Spleen, causing accumulations of fluids or a waterlogged mental level,
thinking becomes woolly and blocked, forgetfulness occurs, intent is lost. Conversely the Body, Mind
and Spirit of the Spleen needs sufficient humidity in order to function. Water brings the power of
Original qi to the Spleen, helping it get moving and to feel strength in the limbs, but also granting the
repose of its yin influence, lubricating thought, strengthening memory, enabling fluid responses to
changing circumstances.
SP 9 presents an opportunity to root the person’s qi in yin. This can help alleviate perpetual anxiety
and quell the restless neediness that seeks attention, support and nourishment from others. Conversely,
it can moisten a crusty exterior that pushes others away while hungering for their emotional/spiritual
barrenness to be relieved. It helps the Spleen see its own harvest or meet its own needs, so it can
adjust its giving or withholding in relation to others to a more reciprocal level. Yin Mound Spring
point can bring the refreshing, soothing, restorative properties of Water to the spirit.
As a He-Sea point, it can be used for Stomach and intestinal disharmonies and as a Water point, SP 9
clears Damp, especially from the lower jiao: difficult urination, retention of urine, diarrhoea, oedema
of the legs and abdomen. Pirog (1996) describes it as “a kind of acupunctural diuretic”. Increases
urinary flow, and is useful in disorders which might be alleviated with increased output of urine.
Useful in Damp Bi of the knee where there is accumulation of fluid.
Indications Calms the Mind Helps regulate fluids and clear damp from Body, Mind and Spirit.
Intestinal disharmonies.
Damp bi of the knee.

Point Name SP 10 XUE HAI Sea of Blood Blood Cleft Hundred Worm Burrow
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name Sea of Blood emphasises the importance of this point in treating the Blood. Although it is
not included among the points for the Four Seas, its name implies the echoing of some of the same
properties as the Sea of Blood or Nourishment with their connection to deep reserves. It is said to
make Blood re-enter the Sea of Blood. Blood carries the qi, and warms the zang. The Spleen plays a
part in the formation of Blood and also holds the Blood in the vessels. When Blood is deficient there
may be exhaustion, listlessness, cold extremities, agitation and insomnia from the shen having
insufficient Blood in which to rest. Without the warming properties of Blood, isolation, barrenness
and inflexibility can be evident at the level of the Mind and Spirit as well as the Body. With
insufficient Blood, it is hard to move from one’s centre to consider things from someone else’s point
of view. It is hard to be understanding, thinking and imagination become inert and lack suppleness,
we have no strength with which to carry out our intent and so experience no harvest. Blood nourishes
us and our flesh.
SP 10 invigorates the Blood. It disperses stagnation and brings the warming, moistening influence of
Blood to nourish, calm and restore. SP 10 is used for menstrual disorders and patterns of Blood
disharmony such as Heat in the Blood, depletion of Blood and stagnation of Blood. Clears stagnation
of Blood, especially in the Uterus. Used when stagnation of Blood causes painful menstruation.
Regulates menstruation.
When there is mental agitation and worry depleting the Blood, this point calms the shen and nourishes
Blood.
Cools the Blood, and is used to moisten when Heat in the Blood affects the skin causing eczema
and rashes, and also excessive menstrual bleeding arising from Blood Heat.
Tonifies the Blood, so helping with circulation, tiredness, blurred vision.
Moves Blood in the leg and knee; it can be used for trauma to the knee or arthritis of the knee.
Indications Mental inflexibility and inertia.

Menstrual disorders.
Poor circulation, blurred vision, tiredness.
Blood Heat skin problems.
Point Name SP 11 JI MEN Basket Gate Winnower Gate Tai Yin Inner Market
Energetic Nature
Commentary The classical Chinese term for squatting with the legs spread, exposing the inner thigh is Ji Zuo,
which refers to the position adopted when winnowing (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss, 1989).
Mainly used as a local point to free painful swelling of the groin, the inguinal region and muscular
atrophy. Tonifies the Spleen and thereby qi is directed to the flesh as the Spleen masters the flesh.
Can be used to encourage the Spleen to better transport fluids within the body and remove obstruction
when there is painful urination, or inability to pass urine. Any Gate point needs unimpeded movement
to allow for the easy circulation of qi and Blood; the alternative name Inner Market reinforces the idea
of this area as a place of exchange and movement.
Indications Painful swelling of the groin.

Painful urination, inability to pass urine.

Point Name SP 12 CHONG MEN Rushing Gate Rushing Door Surging Gate
Palace of Charity Upper Palace of Charity Front Camphorwood Gate
Penetrating Gate
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Spleen and Liver
Commentary Chong in the name may refer to the surging nature of the pulse at this point, or to this being an area
under the influence of the Chong mai, as well as to the fact that this point treats upsurging qi. As the
name implies, this point has a strong coursing action along the channel and helps clear obstructions; it
is useful for painful obstruction of the hip when pain extends to the groin. The place where the point
is located at the border of the trunk and leg can be an area where qi gathers and stagnates. Rushing
Gate can invigorate the area and, as a gate, needs the fluidity of movement associated with the Spleen.
As a meeting point of the Spleen and Liver, it will help the distribution and smooth flow of Blood and
qi, bringing nourishment to flesh and sinews as well as nourishing the Mind and Spirit. If a person is
really stuck in their Mind or Spirit, too inert to instigate change and move on but ready to do so, this
point can be used.
Tonifies yin. Being a crossing of the Spleen and Liver, it particularly affects the yin and can be used
for Kidney yin deficiency.
Indications Stagnation of Body, Mind and Spirit.

Hernia. Abdominal pain and distention. Urinary retention.
Point Name SP 13 FU SHE Official Residence Bowel Abode

Energetic Nature Crossing point of Spleen and Liver
Commentary The name Official Residence indicates a point of particular resonance for the Official who Transforms
and Transports, a point that sustains its work and offers resources and support, a place where
exchanges and transformations are peaceful and untrammelled. If someone is always outward-looking
and restless, this point can restore them to a state of centred tranquility and ease. If the Spleen has
exhausted itself through over-thinking, overworking, and the Body/Mind/Spirit has lost its elasticity
and ability to respond flexibly, the person is wrung out, strung out, with no sense of reward for having
over-extended themselves, then Fu She can be used alone or combined with SP 14, Abdomen Knot.
Bowel Abode is in the region of the Large and Small Intestines and this point, with its connections
with Spleen and Liver, can help free the intestines or stimulate them when there is bloating, distention,
constipation and pain, assisting them with yin moistening smooth flowing qi.
Indications Abdominal pain. Constipation. Bowel inflammation.
Point Name SP 14 FU JIE Abdomen Knot Abdominal Bind Intestinal Bind Abdomen Hole
Abdomen Bend Abdomen Exit
Energetic Nature
Commentary On a level with REN 7, Yin Crossing and ST 26, Outside Mound, Abdomen Knot echoes the yin
resolving properties of these points. The name may refer to a bend in the intestine in this location
(Ellis, Wiseman & Boss 1989). This is an effective point to treat pain and stagnation in the abdomen.
If Spleen qi has been affected by worrying, literally tying itself up in knots, twisting and turning the
mind and gut over some issue, or unable to negotiate the energetic geography, this point can soothe
and relax this area, untangling the qi, Mind and Spirit and descending rebellious qi. SP 14 also warms
the lower jiao, and can unknot pain caused by cold and clenching.
Indications Anxiety and mental torture.

Constipation. Hernia. Abdominal pain. Heart pain. Rebellious qi cough. Cold lower jiao.

Point Name SP 15 DA HENG Great Horizontal Big Horizontal Stroke
Human’s Horizontal Great Transverse
Energetic Nature Coalescent point of Spleen and Yin Wei mai
Commentary On this border of the middle and lower jiao, Great Horizontal has much to do with processing and
flexibility, the ability to bear and bend. Being at the centre is a pivotal position where the officials
turn for resources, where exchanges and transformations mingle, where ideas take shape. Being at the
centre enables one to consider everything around one in turn without losing one’s place; it facilitates
flexibility of Mind and Body without weakness. The connection with Yin Wei mai, which is used to
supplement Blood and yin, makes this point very effective in calming the mind and allaying anxiety
and agitation. If a person feels they are disintegrating, cannot process or transform their life and
cannot cope with any more, this point imparts a sense of the dependability of Earth, its nurturing and
holding properties to a troubled Spirit. It is often combined with ST 25 for the stabilizing and
grounding effect of the two points.
It strengthens the Spleen and its function of transporting and transforming, particularly in relation to
the movement of the bowels. Spleen qi deficiency can mean the Large Intestine function of moving
the stools is not encouraged and constipation results from stagnation.
Strengthens weak and cold limbs as it stimulates the Spleen to transport food essences to the limbs.
Clears Damp in the intestines and is used in chronic diarrhoea with mucus in the stools.
Regulates qi in the abdomen and promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi so it is used to stop abdominal
pain caused by stagnation. Promotes the function of the Large Intestine.
Heng means horizontal and is the horizontal stroke in Chinese writing, here it is the line across the
umbilicus, encompassing REN 8, KI 16, ST 25 and SP 15.
Indications Constipation from Spleen Qi deficiency. Diarrhoea. Sighing and melancholy.
Point Name SP 16 FU AI Abdomen Sorrow Abdomen Lament Intestinal Lament

Intestinal Bend
Energetic Nature Coalescent point of Spleen and Yin Wei mai
Commentary When the Spleen is not in balance, the free circulation, transforming and transporting that are part of
its nature can become exhausted, inert, overwhelmed by responsibilities, closed off and oppressed.
This interrupts the ability of the Stomach and Spleen to extract goodness/information from what has
come from outside of us and transform it into nutrition or sequential thoughts. A person might feel
paralyzed, unable to act, unable to move towards others, weighed down and contracted in on
themselves. There may be undigested food in the faeces. Thinking may become excessive or
melancholic. When there is sadness or lamentation, when the Spirit lacks a sense of bounty after
effort, when there is no fair yield or development from projects and everything feels as though it is
slipping away, then Abdomen Sorrow is useful. This point treats disorders of indigestion, internal
Cold in the centre, abdominal pain.
Clears Heat due to the Yin Wei mai connection.
Indications Oppression and melancholy.

Abdominal pain. Dysentery.
Menopausal Empty-Heat symptoms. Indigestion.

Point Name SP 17 SHI DOU Food Drain Food Hole Life Pass
Energetic Nature
Commentary Food Hole can refer to the nipple, which is not far from this point. The Spleen is responsible for the
distribution of nourishment and Shi Dou reminds us of this connection. This point can facilitate
movement and invigorate the Body, Mind and Spirit when there is stagnation of Spleen qi. The
Spleen’s function of transporting is important in this area of the chest where we receive breath. This
point can be used when there is agitation and congestion in the chest. It can be used for pain in the
lateral costal area. The transporting aspect of the Spleen can be utilised here if there is postpartum
abdominal distention and swelling or urinary stoppage. Life Pass, an alternative name, reinforces the
notion of the transporting of undigested food and fluid accumulations which if not cleared impede the
maintenance of life.
Indications Lung congestion. Lateral intercostal pain. Postpartum abdominal distention. Abdominal distention.
Indigestion.
Point Name SP 18 TIAN XI Heavenly Stream Celestial Ravine
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name refers to the point being located in the Heavenly portion of the three jiao. Here on an Earth
meridian, near the breast, the symbol of the mother and yin fluid nurturing, you are reminded of the
more yang Heavenly aspect, which is also needed to activate and fulfill the potential of life. The
Heavenly Stream is the influx from the heavens, the breast milk stream from mother to child and the
natural outreaching of empathy and understanding from one being to another. SP 18 is used for
insufficient breast milk, mastitis and intercostal pain. When there is cough or blockage in the upper
jiao SP 18 can be used to help descend the qi.
Indications To increase breast milk. Mastitis. Intercostal pain. Lung congestion.
Point Name SP 19 XIONG XIANG Chest Region Chest Village

Energetic Nature
Commentary The sound of the heart can be heard at this point.

Mainly used for its location to remove blockage by freeing and descending the qi in the upper jiao.
Indications

Point Name SP 20 ZHOU RONG Encircling Glory All Round Flourishing
All Round Construction
Energetic Nature
Commentary When the Spleen is well, life is maintained and nourished, post-Heavenly essence will be assimilated
and distributed, contributing its part in providing a suitable environment for the spirits. Flourishing
refers to this nourishing aspect of the Spleen, which will be evident in the quality of the flesh, the
condition of the lips and the creative transformation of thoughts. The endless support offered by Earth
to humanity, as the Earth officials offer within us, has been likened to the sustenance and
consideration offered by a mother to her child (J.R. Worsley). When a person seems fragile,
untethered from the earth, this point, at this level in the upper jiao, in the area of the compassionate
Heart, conveys a sense of gentle containment and instinctive compassion that calms and re-establishes
the Spirit, and allows it to flourish.
The Spleen controls the Blood and plays an important part in its formation and distribution. Spleen
transports the refined essence from fluids to the Lung where it is combined with air to form Gathering
qi, and to the Heart to form Blood. The Lungs distribute these essences in the form of qi and Fluids.
The Blood nourishes and warms the Body, Mind and Spirit.
SP 20 is located below LU 1 (a reminder of their Tai Yin connection), and the reach of the pathway
into this domain of the upper jiao, to this highest point of the Spleen meridian, indicates the
importance of this point to the spirit. The upper jiao also houses the connection between Spleen
and Heart through the Blood. This point can descend the qi, easing the upper jiao when there is
congestion or pain on swallowing or eating.
Indications Steadies and nourishes Mind and Spirit.

Distention and fullness (phlegm) in the chest. Lung congestion. Shortness of breath.
Point Name SP 21 DA BAO Great Enveloping General Control Great Embracement
Energetic Nature General Connecting point with the Spleen Great Connecting channel.
Exit point
Commentary The Spleen Great Connecting channel brings together, from the exterior to the interior, all the minute
Blood Connecting channels throughout the body. It is like a great protective envelope that permits
exchanges to be carried out within it. For this reason it is sometimes called the junction point of
junction points. SP 21 moves Blood in the Connecting Channels. The great luo of the Spleen works
from outside to within, while the Spleen works from the centre to the extremities or periphery by its
nourishment of the yin officials and its relationship with the Stomach. Together, Spleen Great
Connecting channel and the Spleen Official unify and regulate, bringing movement and sustaining life.
Diffusion of the Great Connecting channel of the Spleen over the chest as well as the pathway of the
Spleen means this point is good for moving stagnation of Blood, relieving fullness, lifting oppression
and depression in the heart area, bringing relief and harmony, rhythm and order where there was
dissonance. SP 21 allows the Spleen to circulate freely and pass through constriction and
preoccupation with elegant fluidity.
SP 21 is used for generalised pain from Blood stagnation in the Connecting channels, the main
symptom being muscular pain moving throughout the body. It moves stagnant qi and Blood,
particularly in the chest as SP 21 controls the Great Spleen Connecting Channel, which radiates
through the chest. It is often combined with SP 4, the opening point for the Chong mai, which flows
through the three jiao and affects qi and Blood in the chest. All this connection with Blood and qi,
and the areas affected, enable the person to feel held and enveloped (Bao means envelope). It is as
though the Spleen and Stomach, representing the centre of our being, which provides for the
exchanges of heavenly and earthly influences and transforms and transports them, ends its superficial
pathway with this link with the great luo junction point which encourages ever more exchanges, raised
to the level of the Heart.
Indications Weakness. Depression with a sense of oppression in the heart. Moving muscular aches from Blood
Stagnation.

The Heart
Meridian
Point Name HT 1 JI QUAN Utmost Source Highest Spring Utmost Spring
Supreme Spring
Commentary This is the first point of the Heart meridian. It contains the essence of the journey of the Heart, the
exchanges of Heaven and Earth and the development of individual life guided by the spirits which
reside in the Heart. The Heart masters the network of communication and the circulation of the Blood
through the mai, and in health demonstrates the ability to oversee and to respond with the virtue of
propriety to every situation. The ‘Utmost’ denotes the veneration in which the Heart is held, not that
this is the highest ‘spring point’ on the body. The Heart is the Supreme Controller, the sovereign
official and zang, master over the zang and fu. Some traditions of acupuncture never treat the Heart,
approaching it only through other routes; the Heart Protector is seen as the buffer for pathogens and
anything that might attack the Heart. At Utmost Source the qi issues forth abundantly, emerging from
the Heart, passing through the Lung to travel towards the extremity of the hand, thus it communicates
from the hidden residence of our shen to the outside. With the arm beside the body, the point is
hidden, protected.
The Heart is where the shen reside, this is how it communicates with Heaven. It is our link with our
own consciousness and a greater universal consciousness. The art of the Heart is to ‘be,’ to oversee.
For us to live our life consciously, there needs to be a place of stillness within, in order to attract the
shen. The Heart carries the responsibility of communicating to the ten thousand beings the impulses
of Heaven. ‘The Heart is the starting place of all reaction and knowledge’ (Larre & Rochat 1995.)
Because the spirits have the still emptiness of the Heart in which to reside there can be communication
with Heaven, one’s higher self, and through the expansive quality of Fire and its power of maturity we
can each become our authentic self. Because of this consciousness the Heart resonates with what is
true and expresses its truth through the tongue -which is the orifice/oracle of the Heart (Larre &
Rochat 1995) When the Heart is agitated there is distress and turmoil for the whole person, if the shen
are disturbed you can no longer be yourself and live an authentic life. The Heart centre figures greatly
in our imagery of emotional language; we speak of cold-hearted, warmhearted, big-hearted, generous,
open. If the Heart is closed, the person can feel disconnected from any deep joy of life, they may lack
sensitivity or feel the world lacks compassion towards them, be switched off from a sense of love or
from the ability to feel and receive love. The person may distract themselves from this sadness with
frivolity, hysteria, chasing after relationships or unable to form relationships. Intense or chronic
sadness or emotional upsets, excessive excitement, injures the Heart and can lead to Blood or yin
deficiency. Clarity of consciousness affects not only the Spirit but also our ability to think.
The Heart Governs the Blood, Blood and yin are necessary to house the shen and for the vitality of a
person. The Blood carries the communication of the Heart throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit. If
sadness leads over a period of time to stagnation of qi it can lead to stagnation and finally to Heart
Fire. Heat injures the Heart. This point regulates the Heart and nourishes Heart yin; Utmost Source is
a spring or source hidden in a yin area. This point is used to subdue Empty-Heat with such symptoms
as dry mouth, night sweating, mental restlessness and insomnia.
Just as it is vital that there is free flow from the portals of the Heart, e.g. so Phlegm doesn’t mist the
shen, it is also important that the Heart is able to express itself and communicate. The Heart is said to
‘open into the tongue’ thereby affecting speech. The virtue of the Heart is propriety and this is
demonstrated through appropriate behaviour and responses in any situation, granted by the good
relationship of the Heart and the shen with Heaven. This point re-establishes connection between the
individual and the greater consciousness and can re-establish the sanctity of the Heart when there is
Heart shock. It helps restore the Spirit. Moxa is good in this context. HT 1 expands and relaxes the
chest when there is distention and fullness in the lateral costal area, or shortness of breath from
restricted qi and Blood. It facilitates qi flow. If the flow of qi is restricted, stagnation will develop
which can lead to pain, numbness, cold in the channel. Use for paralysis of the arm.
Indications Reconnects with the shen. Lost sense of self, loss of propriety. Feeling out of control,
oppressed/depressed. Heart Shock.
Jaundice. Intercostal neuralgia. Oppressive sensation in the hypochondrium.
Chest pain. Nausea.
Poor vision (the Heart primary, connecting and divergent channel all pass to the eye).
Excessive thirst (this is a Ying-spring point).
Local use for pain, cold, inability to lift arm, especially after Wind-stroke.

Point Name HT 2 QING LING Blue Green Spirit Cyan Spirit
Energetic Nature
Commentary ‘Qing’ refers to the Heart and the natural blue green hue of living vegetation. The meridian has
emerged from the hidden place of Utmost Source, HT 1, out in plain view. The Heart houses the shen
and this the second point on the meridian of the Supreme Controller, named for the colour resonant of
life, gives a flavour of intense revitalisation and renewal of spirit. It speaks of vitality and well-being,
a sense of everything being in good rhythmic order and infused with spirit, as the forms of earth must
be for life to occur.
Good for the Spirit as a reminder of the possibility of conscious well-being and deep joy in life when
Heaven and Earth communicate well. It brings resilience to Body, Mind and Spirit when there is a
deep lack of joy or long term sorrow which have oppressed the natural radiance and communication of
the Heart throughout the being. Some practitioners advise against needling this point and only use
moxa because of the potential rush of qi released when it is needled, or perhaps because of its
proximity to the artery.
Expands and Relaxes the chest.

Regulates qi and Blood.
Invigorates the flow of qi in the meridian when there is stagnation or paralysis, pain, inflammation.
Indications Revitalises the Mind and Spirit.

Body tremors, chest epigastric pain.
Intercostal pain or neuralgia. Inability to raise the arm.
Headache. Jaundiced eyes. Fever. Clears Heat.

Point Name HT 3 SHAO HAI Little Sea Lesser Sea Lesser Yin Sea

He-Sea point
Commentary The translation as Lesser Sea or Lesser Yin Sea refers to the Heart as the Hand Shao Yin or Lesser Yin
meridian. So consider a Sea here, the third point on the Heart meridian, helping to lubricate not just
the action of the elbow but the Mind and Spirit as well. The work of the Heart is never done and
balance is crucial, neither the anxiety of drought and deficiency nor a feeling of being overwhelmed
are helpful to the calm consciousness necessary for the Supreme Controller to function. Without the
cleansing properties of water the Heart might become jaded, cynical or fearful; consciousness and
mental processing could become warped or contaminated and erratic. As the Water point on the Heart
meridian Little Sea, Shao Hai can cool and calm the spirit whether from agitation, running on empty
yin deficiency or Heat. The control Water exerts over Fire, and its yin properties can soothe if a
person is restless, hyper and exhausted. When elation and over- excitement have dissipated vitality
leading to sleeplessness, edgy, excitable and manic behavior, or there are red eyes or fever, this can be
a great point to calm and refresh the Spirit, easing palpitations, night sweats or anxiety with tranquility
and cleansing.
Both the Heart and Water element play a part in the working of the Mind and memory, and this Water
point on the Heart meridian can strengthen clarity of consciousness as well as memory. For the shen
to have a place of tranquility in which to reside the Heart must be well rooted in essences, the
Kidney/Heart axis, jing/shen, is vital to the harmonious existence of the being, without this the Heart
becomes agitated, if this happens nothing works properly throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit, the
spirits flee. Life can only be assured with the continued communication of jing/shen, without this the
Mind cannot function with any clarity and one feels un-rooted and disorientated. This point can help
restore the soothing aspect of Water to the Heart. Can also assist when there is dizziness.
Little Sea as a He-Sea and Water point helps to clear Heat which means it also calms the Mind and
Spirit, as the Heart is adversely affected by Heat, and so it can help in epilepsy, insomnia or eczema,
depression, mental retardation or hypomania, whether the condition is one of excess or deficiency.
Regulates the Heart. Regulates qi and Blood.

Calms the Spirit. Strengthens the Brain. Clears Heat.
He-Sea points are where the qi of the meridian unites and goes deeper into the body. As a He-Sea
point it can smooth the flow of qi and Blood in the meridian and dislodge pathogens so it can be used
for Bi syndrome. Removes obstruction from the meridian. Moves stagnation when there is pain in the
chest or arm.
Local point for contracture and pain of the elbow, after stroke.
Indications Forgetfulness and disorientation.

Chest pain with nausea and vomiting.
Axilla and hypochondriac pain. Arm numbness. Hand tremors. Intercostal neuralgia.
Fever and chills. Sudden loss of voice. Headache and dizziness.
Seizures.

Point Name HT 4 LING DAO Spirit Path Mind Path

Jing-River point
Commentary The Heart houses the shen and here is the pathway to the Spirit. In the upper jiao the Heart and
Lungs work so closely together as sovereign and prime minister among the officials. If one is
affected so, often, is the other. Here Spirit Path brings the resonance of Metal to the Heart
meridian. Connection to the heavens, structure, clarity and the p’o’s automatic rhythmic
maintenance of all our functions and instincts, mostly un-thought of unless they go wrong, can all
be accessed here, within the context of the Heart. When a person’s spirit is failing, this point
contacts the shen to put the person back in touch with greater consciousness and the authenticity of
their being. Use when they lack consistency or structure. If the Heart has been disrespected or
knocked from its position or has lost its natural rhythm, then the responses of the Heart can become
deviated and corrupted; the guidance from the spirits is lost and the person dissembles.
Use to restore regularity and rhythm. If elation has got out of hand and become exhausting to the
Heart then the movement of Metal, of returning to the inside, setting limits and infusing inspiration
and richness can help return the Heart to its proper pattern of expression. If the Heart is oppressed
and not maintaining its natural rhythms and instincts, its emanations will not circulate freely
whether the cause is deep sadness and distress or Blood deficiency; the resonance of the Lung at
HT 4, the controller of the breaths and their strength and rhythm, can help free this oppression of
the Heart.
Regulates the Heart. Calms the spirit; for hysteria, restlessness, fear and melancholia, incoherent
thinking or speech. The Heart as Supreme Controller must be maintained on the path of the spirit.
It can be used with HT 7 Spirit Gate to reinforce the movement of qi along the meridian.
Removes obstruction from the meridian. Local for contracture of the elbow and arm. As a Jing-
River point it has an effect on joints and bones, flushing qi through them and can be used for spasm
of the forearm and arthritis of elbow and wrist.
At Jing-River points the qi moves like a wide mighty river. Jing-River points are recommended
for respiratory illness and in this case for sudden loss of voice, especially from an emotional cause.
Indications Loss of inner direction and purpose.

Sensation of Cold in the bones.
Aphasia with stiffening of the tongue. Convulsions. Chest pain. Palpitations. Retching. Nausea.
Eye redness. Sudden loss of voice. Dizziness. Blurred vision.

Point Name HT 5 TONG LI Penetrating Inside Communications Route

Commentary A great point for tonifying and regulating Heart qi; for tiredness, chest pain, depression. Being the
Luo-Junction point with the yang Small Intestine helps not only to regulate and harmonise the balance
between these two officials, but helps the Heart because the Small Intestine separates the pure and
impure, what is clear from what is clouded. ‘Communications Route’ is in some ways a more
accurate name, because through the protective work of the Small Intestine the Heart remains
uncontaminated and is afforded clear communication with the shen, and thereby can penetrate ‘inside’
oneself and be conscious of one’s higher purpose. The shen is also expressed outwardly though our
senses, particularly our eyes and speech, the lustre and clarity of which is evident, and this luo
relationship with the Small Intestine enables the Heart, at the level of the meridian, to communicate
with the more yang Small Intestine, so it doesn’t become too in-turned and self involved. It is useful
if the person is always in retreat from life, without sufficient presence to stand their ground.
By reconnecting the person with their shen the Heart can reassert its sovereignty and control. When
the person is out of touch with the unity of life and consciousness, this point helps them integrate and
restore harmony and stability. By strengthening the spirit of a person who has been affected by strong
emotion, whether fear, anger, hurt or sadness, possibly to the point where the response of the Heart
has become defensive or suspicious, or cold and lacking in compassion, this point can help restore
calm and grant the ability to stay receptive and loving. If the person experiences palpitations this
point can help to calm the shen. Penetrating Inside can take treatment to another level, reaching to the
core of a person, taking warmth from the exterior to the depths of their being.
Strengthens the brain; this point tonifies the qi of the Heart which affects the spirit's ability to clear
and quicken the brain, to enable clear and rapid thinking and clear communication, further enhanced
by it being the Luo/connecting point with the Small Intestine, so it can help insanity, depression,
hysteria, somnolence, or insomnia, fear of people.
Opens into the tongue. The connecting channel leaves the primary meridian at HT 5 and joins the
Small Intestine meridian. It follows the Heart primary meridian and enters the Heart. It then proceeds
to the base of the tongue and connects with the eye. HT 5 affects the tongue and can enhance the
range of movement of tongue and fluency of speech (stammering) and can be used to strengthen the
person whose Spirit is so weary that speech is an effort, or when there is sudden loss of speech or
whose communication is doesn’t affect another because they cannot connect inside with their
authentic self so the words don’t ring true. The connecting channel pathway explains its ability to
affect headache and doziness, pain and redness in the eye.
Clears Heart Fire and Deficiency-Heat, hypertension, fever with chest discomfort, sweating,
menorrhagia, abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary incontinence. By clearing Heart Fire it steadies the
Mind helping the person regain control. Benefits the Bladder through its pathway connection with
Small Intestine and thereby the Tai Yang, so if there are symptoms of Heart Fire giving rise to Bladder
Heat, thirst, bitter taste, insomnia, tongue ulcers, burning on urination and haematuria, cystitis (HT 7
also used for this). Local point for pain in the wrist and arm.
Indications Strengthens and clarifies the communications of the Heart.

Wind stroke with aphasia and stiffening of the tongue, when speech is a great effort, sudden loss of
speech.
Sensations of heaviness of the body, fullness and oppression in the chest.
Fatigue. Blurred vision. Chest pain.
Palpitations due to fright. Sudden voice loss. Headache. Dizziness.
Bladder problems involving Heat.

Point Name HT 6 YIN XI Yin Mound Yin’s Crevice Yin Cleft Shao Yin Bone Hole
Stone Palace
Commentary A great point to tonify Heart yin, as the name implies. Affecting the yin, it is a very calming point for
the Heart, which needs rooting in yin essences to provide a suitable place in the Heart for the spirits.
It can help the return of smooth operation and certainty after turmoil in the Body, Mind and Spirit. As
a Xi-Cleft Accumulation point where qi and Blood gather and can be easily released, Yin Mound can
invigorate and move stagnant qi and facilitates Blood flow.
It is a good point for the Mind, nourishing it with Blood and qi and calming it, enabling a new
perspective, like a ‘periscope’ point. This clear view of consciousness is an essential aspect of the
Supreme Controller, which needs to be nourished to remain strong and withstand any attack on the
spirits which can desert the Heart if alarmed by fear, weakness, excessive laughter.
A strong Heart can communicate without distortion from a place of tranquility both to the Body, Mind,
Spirit and to others. The agitation which can result from exhaustion or from over-revving the Heart
through excess partying or taking on too much responsibility is not conducive to the smooth running
of the Supreme Controller. This point can be a steadying and peaceful influence.
This point is often used to nourish Heart yin when there are symptoms of sweating, night sweats, dry
mouth and insomnia, anxiety. It is frequently combined with KID 7 Fu Liu to stop night sweats from
yin deficiency. The Heart governs the Blood and is thus said to control sweat as Blood and Body
fluids mutually interchange.
The Xi-Cleft point can be used when there is stiffness and pain along the Heart meridian due to
stagnation of Heart Blood, stifling sensation or pain in the chest, sudden loss of voice, palpitations.
HT 6 is used in acute, painful, stiff conditions affecting the Heart Meridian and for oppression and
pain in the chest.
Regulates and tonifies the Heart. Nourishes Yin. Calms the Spirit. Transforms Heart-Phlegm. Clears
Deficiency-Heat. Cools Heat in the Blood, spontaneous sweating, night sweats.
Clears the Brain: hysteria, fright, grief, sudden irritability and rage, anxiety and palpitations.
Clears Heat, particularly Empty-Heat and is used for mental restlessness and agitation and feeling
of Heat.
Indications Nourishes the Mind and Spirit.

Night sweats. Sweating. Fever with sweating.
Palpitations, anxiety. Mental restlessness.
Pain along the Heart meridian.
Oppression and pain in the chest.

Point Name HT 7 SHEN MEN Spirit Gate Protuberant Bone Central Metropolis

Shu-Stream point
Yuan-Source point
Sedation point
First Aid for shock, heart failure, extreme anxiety
Commentary Shen Men as the Earth point on the Heart meridian brings all the steadying nourishing resonance of
Earth, as well the ability of Earth to express the intention of the Heart in form, whether words or deeds.
The Earth is where we live, it is the centre of exchange and communication yet dependable. When
there is depletion or the Body, Mind or Spirit is disintegrating, this point can strengthen at all levels.
As a Source point, it can balance yin and yang and exert a harmonising action that strengthens and
stabilises. The Source points have a natural balancing effect, they can tonify deficiency but also be
used in situations of excess or to stabilise treatment. Source points contain yuan (Original) qi, and
have an enriching and rooting effect on the qi. If someone’s emotions are very volatile, or their
symptoms or qi are very erratic, the Source point can steady them. This is important because if the
Heart loses command and self possession, the spirits depart and conscious behaviour and interaction
with self and others are lost.
Shen Men calms the Spirit. A wonderful point for disorders of the Spirit: vexation, anxiety, sadness,
worry, cardiac pain, mania, hysteria, vulnerability. When there is a lack of joy and enthusiasm for life
because of depletion, or if emotion, e.g. a broken heart, sadness has worn away at the Heart, depleted
the Blood and yin leaving the shen homeless, the person may be tense, defensive, vulnerable, with
insomnia or a deep exhaustion which makes social interaction tiring and tiresome. Shen Men as a
Shu-Stream point affects the zang and can tonify and nourish the Heart. When there is a sense of over
excitability, too fired up, and elation has led to exhaustion this point can restore and help reconnect
the person with the deeper sense of joy that nourishes rather than exhausts the Heart.
‘Shen’ reminds one that the Heart ‘houses’ the shen. ‘Men’ or Gate gives the idea that this point is a
gateway through which the spirit can be affected. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) point out that in
Daoism ‘shen men’ refers to the eyes, where one can read the strength and presence of the spirit. A
gate or ‘men’ when working well, gives access both inwards and outwards so one is connected to
oneself but able to reach out and participate in the world without this being unduly stressful.
It is strengthening for the mental functioning of the mind, memory and mental capacity; by
strengthening the Spirit which vitalises the mind. It is used for mental retardation in children. If
Phlegm is blocking the orifices of the Heart, there can be fogging of the mental processes,
disorientation, disturbed sleep, mania and raving.
It nourishes Heart Blood and so is good for anxiety, palpitation, poor memory and insomnia.
Hypertension, hyperthyroidism with dream disturbed sleep, feverish sensation in the palms due to
deficiency, desire for cold drinks, fever and chills, a lack of appetite with painful obstruction of the
throat (the deep pathway of the Heart meridian passes through the throat) blood in the stool, eczema
with intense itching can be helped with this point.
Cools Heart-Fire, Heat, Deficiency Heat and cools Heat in the Blood.
Local point for contraction of the arm.
Indications Regulates and Tonifies the Heart. Anxiety, sadness, worry, cardiac pain, mania.
Assists memory and mental capacity.
Heart pain with palpitations, arrhythmia, dizziness, headache, paralysis of the hypoglossis muscle of
the tongue, aphasia, asthmatic wheezing, malaise and neurasthenia.
Benefits the tongue. Calms the Mind. Nourishes Heart Blood. Opens the orifices.

Point Name HT 8 SHAO FU Lesser Palace Lesser Mansion

Ying-Spring point
Commentary In order for the shen to maintain residence in the Heart and the authenticity of the person to be
expressed by the Heart through the guidance of the shen the conditions in the Heart have to be right.
If the Heart has been beaten down by grief, clouded by anger, wearied by excitement or scattered by
fear this point can restore the vitality needed by the Heart so it can gently disperse its warmth,
radiance and communication throughout the realm of Body, Mind and Spirit.
As the Fire point on a Fire meridian all the resonances of Fire will be accentuated here. All the Fire
associations of purification, communication, maturity, appropriate behaviour, issues of self-identity,
warmth and spontaneity can be addressed here. Used in Horary time and season, will access the full
potential of this point and shake off any ash or contamination.
Imbalance at the level of the Heart affects the person very deeply and disturbs the environment
necessary for the Supreme Controller to exercise its role of communication with the heavens and calm
overseeing among the officials. Instead of a strong sense of self and a deep joy in life, and clear,
warm communication with others, imbalance here can lead to cynicism, twisted humour and
fearfulness about what is happening to one’s being. The purity that Fire brings can clarify the
consciousness and assist the Heart to be fully present in all its communications as well as expressing
the joy in life that is the appropriate expression of the Heart.
Shao Fu is a term for a Chinese official in charge of storage and distribution of produce among the
people. This is a place where the Supreme Controller can reside and rest. It can be used to tonify
Heart yang, when the Spirit is subdued, lacking vitality and joy, bringing purification, spontaneity
and generosity of spirit. The Heart governs the Blood and Controls the mai/Blood vessels. This
point helps revitalise the Heart, promoting the circulation of the Blood and spirits throughout the
Body, Mind and Spirit.
Regulates the Heart. Transforms Heart-Phlegm. Clears Heart Fire and Empty-Heat and Heart
Phlegm-Fire.
Calms the Spirit (insomnia with vivid dreams, agitation thirst, bitter taste, mental restlessness,
hypomania, dark urine, tongue ulcers, and severe cases of mental disturbance when there is excess
Fire.
Local point for twisted little finger.
‘Shao’ in the name reminds one that the Heart is Hand Shao Yin in the Six Divisions of Yin/Yang.
Indications Revitalises the Mind and Spirit.

Vivid dreams, agitation thirst, bitter taste, mental restlessness, hypomania, dark urine, tongue
ulcers, and severe cases of mental disturbance when there is excess Fire.

Point Name HT 9 SHAO CHONG Little Rushing In Lesser Surge Lesser Rushing

Tonification point
Exit point
Jing-Well point
Commentary As the tonification point, Little Rushing In brings the arousing energy of Wood to Fire, connecting
the mother element to the child along the sheng cycle, nurturing growth and calming the spirit
when there is qi deficiency. As the tonification and Jing-Well point, it brings a vigorous
outpouring of qi to the meridian as well as the upwards and outwards impulse of Wood, so it can
strengthen and invigorate Fire. As the ‘ambassador’ point of Wood on the Heart meridian it brings
the correct relationship of the hun to the shen, the hun follow the spirits; it brings the dynamism of
Wood that clears pathways, facilitates intelligence, creates penetrating thought and reflection, all to
be expressed through the power of the Heart in our consciousness. It also invigorates the Blood,
the free movement of which is necessary for the communication of the Heart. It brings the
benevolence of Wood as well as its decisiveness to the Heart.
As a Jing-Well point, HT 9 can be used to clear Heat and Internal Wind, especially from the areas
under the influence of the other end of the Heart meridian, eyes, mouth, tongue. Jing-Well points
can be used to restore consciousness. Situated on the Heart meridian, it can be used to treat severe
conditions when there is Heat in the Blood or Heart Fire, extreme anxiety with fullness below the
heart, mania, hysteria, palpitations.
As the exit point, it links here at the wei level with Small Intestine.
Opens the Heart orifices and helps regulate the Heart.
Used for pain along the posterior medial aspect of the upper limbs.
‘Shao’ in the name is a reminder that the Heart is Hand Shao yin in the Six Divisions of Yin/Yang.
Indications Fever. Delirium. Seizures. Wind stroke. Loss of consciousness.

Palpitations. Fullness below the Heart. Stagnation in the chest area.
Hypertension.
Emotional and physical exhaustion. Depression.

The Small Intestine
Meridian
Point Name SI 1 SHAO ZE Little Marsh Lesser Marsh Young Marsh
Small Propitiousness

Jing-Well point
Entry point
Commentary As the Entry point on the Small Intestine, Little Marsh revitalises the meridian. A marsh is a fertile
wetland, a humid place ‘where water collects, much like a well’ (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989). As
the Metal point on the Small Intestine, Little Marsh carries the resonances of Metal; its mineralizing
enriching quality to the qi and Blood, and its discriminating balance to assist the Small Intestine in its
role of separating the pure from impure, and the clear from the cloudy. When the Small Intestine
loses its quality of discrimination, inappropriate behavior and immaturity can influence behaviour,
replacing the purity, propriety and joy in life appropriate to the Fire element.
The alternative name ‘Small Propitiousness’ highlights the role of the Small Intestine. Propriety is the
virtue of the Heart. The Small Intestine, the Separator of the Pure from Impure, here enhanced by its
resonance of Metal, informs us of the importance of the ability to discern what is appropriate and
correct; to discriminate in our consciousness. There is a filtering at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit
so that we can focus with clarity, without cynicism and with our body appropriately discarding what is
impure. In order to appreciate, be inspired, be vital in our consciousness, the Small Intestine’s role in
assisting the purifying aspect of Fire must function well. As the paired fu to the Supreme Controller,
it is a crucial role. When imbalance in the Small Intestine means our system becomes polluted,
relating appropriately to others (touch, humour, ‘sting in the tail’ comments) can become difficult and
loneliness, lack of joy and a lack of confidence can result. This point can effect a rapid change of
sensibility (as most Jing-Well points do). As its most distal point, SI 1 has a dynamic effect on the
opposite end of the meridian and thence the mind; this point can help clear mental muddle and
increase the ability to assess and absorb ideas. The Heart, the yin partner of the SI opens into the
tongue and affects speech, and speech needs to be clear and able to convey the intended meaning, the
truth of the Heart.
Jing-Well points affect fullness below the Heart; SI 1 crosses with REN 17 and so also connects with
this area in this way. ‘Shao’ reminds us that this is the first point after Hand Shao Yin, the Heart
meridian, the paired official with Small Intestine. As the arm branch of the Tai Yang (Bladder and SI),
the Small Intestine pathway is the most superficial and its symptomatology is mostly to do with the
exterior and local problems. It is relatively rarely mentioned in point combination patterns for
intestinal problems.
As a Jing-Well point, SI 1 can help expel pathogenic factors, particularly from the opposite end of the
meridian, i.e. the head and neck. The Small Intestine pathway connects with Du mai, links with GB 1
affecting the eye, passes around the ear and the lateral aspect of the nose, and can be used for
tonsillitis, mouth ulcers, fever, chills, headache. It opens the orifices and promotes resuscitation in
cases of internal Wind and Phlegm blocking the orifices causing sudden unconsciousness; convulsions
due to Heat, chest and intercostal pain and tongue stiffness.
SI 1 can be use for ear problems (e.g. tinnitus) given the pathway of SI travels to and through the ear,
and the use of Jing-Well points to expel pathogens. The vigorous nature of the qi at this point
removes obstructions from the channel; SI 1 can be used for pain in the little finger and as a distal
point for channel problems of the neck, such as chronic stiff neck or acute torticollis.
Empirical point to promote lactation after childbirth, when there is stagnation or a pathogenic factor
inhibiting the flow and for problems affecting the breast (Pirog 1996).
Indications Invigorates, moistens and cleanses the Mind and Spirit.

Expels Wind-Heat, Wind, moistens Dryness: tonsillitis, mouth ulcers, fever, chills, headache.
Restores consciousness.
Distal point for channel obstruction and stiff neck, pain along the upper reaches of the pathway.
Invigorates the meridian.
Mastitis, failure of lactation, cyclical swelling of the breasts and breast masses.

Point Name SI 2 QIAN GU Forward Valley Front Valley

Ying-Spring point
Commentary Forward Valley allows access to the Water aspect of Small Intestine. It brings the resonances of
Water: onward motion, lubricating flow through difficult passages, refreshing, cleansing and easily
accommodating to changing environments, in relation to the Small Intestine’s role of absorbing and
purifying. To perform its role of separating the turbid from the clear, the quality and quantity of
Water within the Small Intestine is important. Too much Heat or Dryness, or too boggy and wet, and
the balance is lost. Without sufficient mental lubrication sifting thoughts, words and feelings become
tiring and confusing. Resignation and frustration can result from this. Water lends its strength and
forward movement to the Small Intestine, revitalising the Body, Mind and Spirit.
The ‘valley’ is the depression on the bone where the point is found.
Ying-Spring points clear Heat, interior and exterior, and so can be used to clear Heat from the Small
Intestine channel, neck, eyes, elbow; mumps (the SI traverses the parotid gland) and in febrile diseases.
Small Intestine is paired with the Bladder as the Tai Yang of the Six Divisions of Yin Yang and can
clear Bladder Heat because of this connection.
Opens the ears and can be used for deafness, tinnitus, swollen jaw with pain radiating to the ear, otitis
media. Moistens the throat, mumps, throat pain, soreness and dryness and cough.
Local effect for pain, stiffness and inflammation of the finger joints, finger numbness and contracture
of the elbow.
Dispels Wind-Heat. Clears Heat.
Indications Revitalises the Body, Mind and Spirit.

Seizures, high fever without sweating. Pain or stiffness of the back. Opens the ears.
Burning on urination, cystitis. Haematuria. Mumps.
Pain, inflammation of the finger joints, finger numbness and contracture of the elbow.

Point Name SI 3 HOU XI Back Ravine Back Stream

Shu-Stream point
Tonification point
Opening point of Du mai
Commentary As the Wood point on the Small Intestine meridian, this is a good point to help restore vitality, vision,
and focus, and to help the person whose Small Intestine has become clogged and stagnant, to move
through their mental over-processing into action. It clears the Mind — the endless pressure of sorting
choices that the Small Intestine has to make can lead to prevarication or snap decisions when out of
balance — and strengthens the person. It activates the ‘backbone’ of the Mind as well as of the Body,
encouraging clarity and decisiveness. As the Wood point, it brings the Wood resonances of fresh
perspectives, birth, benevolence, and strength to the muscular forces, and the ability to react to change
where there has been staleness. If someone’s Small Intestine becomes impure and stagnant it is hard
to fulfill the power of Fire to grow and mature without becoming distorted or muddled. As the paired
fu to the Heart, if the Small Intestine is unable to focus and discriminate to a severe degree, the
consequences can be very oppressive to the Supreme Controller and can lead to shen disturbance,
anxiety and lack of joy. The Small Intestine official is supposed to be the ‘secretary’, the filtering
process that protects the Heart. If through emotional pain or toxicity at any level, the Small Intestine
can’t process information accurately, it can lead to further confusion, loss of hope and despair.
As the Opening point of Du Mai/Governing Vessel, SI 3 is used for many symptoms occurring within
this vessel’s area of influence, especially eliminating Wind. Used with its coupled point BL 62 it can
affect the whole of the Du mai and the back when the pain is on the spine itself or across the lower
back. As it affects this area it can also tonify the Kidney. As the Opening point on Du Mai it can be
used to invigorate the mental faculties. It activates the yang energy of Du Mai and its guiding the
direction of life, brightening faculties and senses, which may be jaded through exhaustion or over-
study, helping to discriminate and absorb, and it clears agitation and mania.
As hand Tai Yang in its pairing with the Bladder in the Six Divisions of Yin/Yang, it can be used to
eliminate Wind-Cold and Wind-Heat, symptoms affecting the neck, head, aches down the spine, back,
chills and fever. These connections with Tai Yang and Du mai enable it to affect the muscles and
tendons along these areas, and as the Wood point SI 3 benefits the sinews.
SI 3 is clears upper back pain, around the posterior shoulder and scapula, particularly in acute cases.
Heat affecting the SI can lead to urinary problems through the connection with Bladder (foot Tai
Yang) and SI 3 can alleviate these.
As the Shu-Stream point, it can help clear pain in the joints and heaviness and stagnation in the body.
SI 3 resolves Damp affecting the chest and the Gallbladder resulting in a stuffy chest and can help
clear jaundice from Damp-Heat.
SI 3 can relieve the Heart when its paired official is affected by Heat (Empty or Full), and can clear
Heat from quite deep within the body; Shen disturbance, agitation, insomnia, cardiac pain, dizziness,
night sweats, palpitations, inflammation of the eye, dream-disturbed sleep.
Indications Muddle and mental stagnation leading to hopelessness and lack of joy.
Back ache which is centred on the spine.
Neck pain in the cervical area, aggravated by nodding.
Jaundice. Chills and fever. Convulsions, tremors, epilepsy, stiff neck, giddiness and headache.
Occipital or Vertex headaches.
Local point for pain in the joints.

Point Name SI 4 WAN GU Wrist Bone
Energetic Nature Yuan-Source point
Commentary Wan Gu, the source point on the Small intestine meridian, connects with our Original qi, bringing
calm, strength and balance. The role of the Small Intestine is to separate, absorb, discriminate and
focus at all levels of Body Mind and Spirit. Focus and concentration are necessary, but also a balance
of walking a middle path, the Small Intestine when out of balance can over-discriminate, becoming
obsessed with detail, purity and rigid, or become overly flexible and never able to settle on a choice.
For the Supreme Controller to be able to fulfill its role, and house the shen, it must not be
contaminated, this is a key responsibility for the Separator of Pure from Impure.
Wrist Bone activates the channel and alleviates pain. Used for local problems of wrist, hand or
fingers and for distal SI channel problems, elbow, neck or head pain or swelling. The flexibility of the
wrist allows us to reach out, fluidly and selectively, make contact with others and be very accurate
about what we touch and pick up and absorb into the Body, Mind and Spirit.
Small Intestine problems might be at the level of stiffness of the wrist or inflexibility of the mental
processes or show in the way a person relates: can they maintain a consistent relationship or do they
suddenly drop their focus from the other person, or make some out of the blue comment with a sting
in the tail. The confusion some people experience as a result of talking to someone whose Small
Intestine is out of balance, the feeling that you don’t really know whether they answered your question
doesn’t manifest just at the level of information exchange but also at the level of relating itself. The
Small Intestine is, of course, a Fire official and intimately bound up with relating to ourselves and
others. It needs to operate calmly, cleanly and with the maturity of one who learns from experience.
Sometimes, when Small Intestine can’t maintain focus, it can feel like you are always starting again
with the person, whether repeating information or re-making a friendship. Maturity is the quality of
well-balanced Fire, the equivalent in the seasons to summer. If Small Intestine is very contaminated it
can lead to giddy or inappropriate behaviour and comments, sometimes of an inappropriately sexual
nature. The Source point connects us to a place of stability and deep knowing.
The internal pathway passes along the oesophagus, through the diaphragm to connect with the
Stomach and Small Intestine. SI 4 can be used to treat middle jiao problems, vomiting, gastritis,
diabetes, Gallbladder Damp-Heat, hypochondriac pain.
The Small Intestine pathway enters the ear and can be used in the treatment of tinnitus and ear
problems. Empirically useful for pain and intercostal region with shortness of breath.
Indications Brings stability and calm to the Spirit.

Pain in the fingers. Wrist, elbow, shoulder and head pain or swelling involving the SI meridian,
including tinnitus. Toothache.
Jaundice, cholecystitis, mumps. Fevers without sweating. Infantile convulsions.

Point Name SI 5 YANG GU Yang Valley
Jing-River point
Commentary The three points on the yang aspect of the wrist are Yang Ravine (LI 5), Yang Pool (TH 4) and Yang
Valley (SI 5); this valley is less deep than a ravine and less wide than a pool (Ellis et al 1989).
As the Fire point on the Small intestine, SI 5 can be very revitalising. It can be used to stir, brighten
and invigorate, when the person feels cold, feeble or toxic, with no zest for life. Maciocia (1989) says
this point helps the person “gain mental clarity and distinguish the right path to take among many.” “It
can help a person at difficult times to distinguish what is right to do at a particular moment”. Body,
Mind and Spirit can then act with clarity and confidence, secure that they have correctly assimilated
information and can respond appropriately.
Feeling muddled and living with the further confusion that can result from an inability to maintain
focus and absorb information can lead to a vicious circle for someone whose Small Intestine is out of
balance. Social contact may also be erratic, intermittently on and off, with no smooth continuity. The
purification of Fire within Fire can help the Small Intestine keep comments to the loving side of wit
rather than be scathing or inappropriate, and maintain better processing and regular contact with
others. It may help smooth the occasionally jerky switches of the Small Intestine between intense
attention to detail and being vague. This point can help if the Spirit is unable to experience the deep
joy of being alive because pollution is contaminating it, just as it may improve impurities in the blood
that show as pustules, particularly on the face and Small Intestine pathway. It calms and brightens the
shen.
As a Fire point on Fire channel it can clear Heat, and Fire agitating the shen, and thus calm the mind
enabling the patient to regain the composure necessary for the smooth operating and overseeing of the
Heart. If Fire is agitated through excess or the desperation of deficiency, the Mind can be too fraught
and anxious to assimilate and discriminate. When this is extreme and Heat affects the shen, insomnia
and mania can result.
Fear and agitation in children. The disorder in one’s being that an imbalanced Small Intestine can
effect disrupts the Heart’s ability to govern and find rest.
Use for SI channel problems affecting the wrist, elbow, shoulders and submandibular area, tinnitus.
As the Fire point it can both clear Heat, and Wind-Heat; as it affects the distal end of the meridian it is
useful to clear heat from the ears and eyes.
Through the Tai Yang (Small Intestine and Bladder), this point can be used to treat haemorrhoids.
Maciocia also cites it to eliminate Damp from the knees when they are hot and swollen.
Indications Good for mental clarity.

Arthritis, pain of the hand, wrist and along the Small Intestine meridian.
Toothache. Tinnitus. Haemorrhoids.

Point Name SI 6 YANG LAO Nourishing the Old Nursing the Aged Nourish the Elderly
Commentary ‘Nourishing the Old’ indicates the gently sustaining nature of this point. It is believed to strengthen
the constitution and be helpful with chronic conditions. It activates the purifying aspect of Fire, and
so cleanses the Spirit, particularly when a jaded, depleted and possibly contaminated Small Intestine
fails to separate pure from impure and so deprives the person of unalloyed joy. This contamination of
Spirit can lead to complete despair. The power of Fire is Maturity; use SI 6 when there is a failure to
mature, which has left the person feeling inadequate and lacking the heart to live their life.
and tonifying are key issues. The revitalisation afforded by these points, which are not command
channel on which they are found and are much used in acute conditions. As the xi-Cleft/
Accumulation point, SI 6 eases pain and stiffness along the meridian, especially from tendons and
joints which restrict movement, elbow, shoulder neck, lower back pain and hemiplegia.
SI 6 is used to prevent or cure many disorders associated with old age; stiff painful wrists, lower back
pain, shoulder pain, poor eyesight, deafness, toxicity of the system, confusion, muddle, digestive
problems. ‘Yang ‘ in this context is understood as ‘to support, nourish, raise’; ‘Lao’ is old.
Benefits the eyes, treats eye pain and problems of vision relating to SI, BL or HT channels; blurred
vision, congestion, heaviness of eyes worse with tiredness.
Indications For cynicism, and immaturity. Confusion, muddle.

Blurred vision stiff painful wrists, lower back pain, shoulder pain, poor eyesight, deafness, toxicity of
the system, digestive problems.
Joint pain along the Small Intestine meridian.

Point Name SI 7 ZHI ZHENG Upright Branch Branch to the Correct
Branch from the Main
Energetic Nature Luo- Connecting/ Junction point
Commentary The word used for a meridian branch is Zhi; here, because the Heart is the Supreme Controller, it is
called Zhi Zheng, branch to ‘the correct’. Zheng also implies to correct, to regulate (Ellis, Wiseman,
and Boss 1989), or the chief/ruler. The virtue of the Heart is propriety, being appropriate in the
deepest sense of the word, knowing absolutely how to be and how to respond at any given time.
When the Heart is upright and authentic (Larre, Rochat 1995) it has virtue. The auxiliary fu of the
Heart also needs to be upright and correct. When the Small Intestine is contaminated or out of rhythm
it can lead to inappropriate behaviour or remarks, or to misinterpretation of the behaviour of others,
and mental jumpiness.
As the luo-connecting point with the Heart meridian, SI 7 can calm the Heart spirit, harmonising and
balancing it. In turn the Heart, as yin partner to the Small Intestine, helps it not be overly preoccupied
with the exterior, but keep steady and calm. Both the Heart and the Small Intestine need a regular
rhythm to function at their best, and this connecting point can help restore harmony. It is important
that the Heart suffers no loss of control or is disturbed at any level by impurities. When anxiety,
mania, sadness, fluctuation of mood and internal restlessness affect the shen, SI 7 can be used as the
paired meridian with the Heart to bring calm, lift depression, help purify and nourish.
SI 7 is used for channel problems in the forearm and elbow and particularly for pain in the fingers,
when the person cannot grip or make a fist. If the head and neck cannot turn freely, this point can
help rectify and balance this.
It is said to affect thyroid swelling in conjunction with LI 6 (Maciocia, 1989)
Through its connection with the Tai Yin, it is used to release to the exterior, when pathogenic invasion
has led to fever, particularly when there is neck and low back pain as well — the areas of influence of
Tai Yang (Bladder and Small Intestine). Like SI 6, Upright Branch can influence symptoms affecting
the distal end of the meridian and the eyes (headache, dizziness, blurred vision).
Indications Scattered mental processes.

Inappropriate behaviour especially of a sexual nature, innuendo, waspishness.
Mania, restlessness, depression, severe anxiety, fright.
Fever with neck and low back pain. Visual dizziness, blurred vision.
Painful fingers. Channel problems.

Point Name SI 8 XIAO HAI Small Sea Small Intestine Sea

He-Sea point
Commentary The character ‘Xiao’, small, refers to the Small Intestine. As the Earth point of Small Intestine, this
point relates to the earth bowel, the stomach is the ‘sea of grain’, which nourishes the five zang — this
highlights the earth resonance of this point (see Ellis et al 1989 for further thoughts). As the Earth
point it brings with it the associations of stability, processing and transformation. It can support the
mental/physical processing of the Small Intestine, which can become fixated on detail or tortuously
non-specific, by encouraging the exchange and transporting necessary for thought/nourishment/
processing, to not get stuck. Here, as the ambassador point on a Fire meridian, it brings the Earth
qualities of stability and sincerity to the Small Intestine. If the latter is polluted, suspicion instead of
trust may prevail, and heated agitation can develop. To neither rage out of control nor put itself out,
Fire needs to have a steady supply of fuel, of nourishment, so that a dependable level of warmth can
be maintained.
He-Sea points, where the qi unites and flows inward, are normally indicated for counterflow qi and
diarrhoea, diseases of the stomach and of the other fu, and skin. Small Intestine has a Lower He-Sea
point, ST 39, which is used for intestinal imbalance relating to the Small Intestine.
Small Sea has few specific indications for the Small Intestine organ itself other than generally
regulating and strengthening. It is used for swellings occurring along the Small Intestine meridian.
SI 8 activates the channel and can be used for channel problems, elbow problems and scapula,
shoulder and neck pain. Other indications for problems along the channel include deafness, headache,
toothache and decay.
Relaxes the sinews.
Indications Calms the Small Intestine Body, Mind and Spirit. Swelling of the elbow, axilla, throat, gums, cheek.
Shoulder and scapula pain.
Deafness, headache, toothache and decay.
Calms the Heart.
Point Name SI 9 JIAN ZHEN True shoulder Shoulder Divination
Energetic Nature
Commentary This is an excellent point for the shoulder. ‘Zhen’ means true in the senses of accurate and this point
is right on the shoulder. It is an important point for the region and can be treated if tender even when
Small Intestine is not the main channel involved. Shoulder Divination is a fitting name in view of the
usefulness of SI 9 for palpatory diagnosis of shoulder problems.
It can be used to expel invasions of Wind from the area.
As with many Small Intestine points it activates the channel and can be used for tinnitus, deafness, or
fever from pathogenic factors.
Also used for excessive underarm perspiration.
Indications Shoulder pain. Pain with inability to raise the arm.

Expels Wind from the shoulder.
Tinnitus, deafness. Clears fever.

Point Name SI 10 NAO SHU Shoulder Blade Upper Arm Shu Humerus Transporting Point
Scapula’s Hollow
Energetic Nature Crossing point of hand Tai Yang, Yang Wei Mai and Yang Qiao Mai
Commentary The crossing of so many vessels concerned with the Yang here, can help invigorate the Mind and
Spirit with the clarity, purification and discrimination so vital to the well being of the Small Intestine,
as well as help expel pathogens.
It is a good point to move the qi, and rather similar to SI 9 in use. The effect of Upper Arm Shu on the
region of the point is enhanced because it is also the Crossing point of Yang Wei and Yang Qiao mai.
It can be combined with BL 57 or 62 (the accumulation and opening points respectively for Yang
Qiao mai) for problems of the shoulders, back and spine (stiffness).
SI 10 is particularly used for restricted shoulder movement, and ache or pain along the meridian
pathway. It is also helpful for combined shoulder and scapular pain.
Used for acute/chronic throat swelling, inflammation of the parotid glands.
Indications Detoxification of Body, Mind and Spirit.

Shoulder conditions.
Point Name SI 11 TIAN ZONG Heavenly Ancestor Celestial Ancestor Heaven’s Worship
Celestial Gathering
Energetic Nature
Commentary Heavenly or Celestial in the name of this point reminds one both of the Small Intestine’s intimate
relationship with the Heart as well as its position in the heavenly third of the body. ‘Ancestor’ in the
name, given the reverence the Chinese have for their ancestors, indicates that Heavenly Ancestor is a
very important point for the Mind and Spirit. The idea of the ancestors implies guidance, this point
reconnects us with a deeper knowing and brings a feeling of reconnection, order and relief.
When the functioning of the Small Intestine has become inert, blocked, stagnant and impure, this point
can serve to dispel decline into mental disorder and muddle and bring clarity of consciousness, an
important aspect of the Small Intestines’s relationship with the Heart and of its effect on the Heart.
Being an effective point to activate the qi it can move and strengthen the Small Intestine functioning
of discrimination and separation and alleviate depression.
Being located on the back it can be used as a local point if tender on palpation.
It activates the meridian and moves qi and is a useful point for pain of the scapular from trauma,
stagnation or for swelling from stagnation along the meridian.
It is also used for pain and fullness in chest, mastitis, insufficient lactation, cough and asthma mainly
due to its position opposite the chest and lungs.
Indications Clarity of consciousness. Brings a sense of reconnection to the Spirit.

Strengthens the Small Intestine scapular area, shoulder and arm pain. Inability to raise the elbow.
Pain and fullness in the chest, mastitis, cough, asthma.
Swelling of the cheek and jaw. Painful hiccough (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).

Point Name SI 12 BING FENG Grasping The Wind Holds Wind Watching Wind
Energetic Nature Meeting point of the Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Three Heater and Gallbladder meridians.
Commentary Being the meeting point of so many yang meridians, Grasping The Wind’s influence is extensive. An
important point to stimulate and regulate these meridians. Given the role of the Small Intestine, Large
Intestine and Gallbladder in maintaining the purity of the Body, Mind and Spirit, this is a significant
point when there is toxicity at any level: boils, acne, headaches, irascibility, loss of aspiration and
ideals, cynicism, feeling mired in the dregs. This invigorating point in the higher regions of the body
can raise the spirits.
Grasping the Wind can be helpful when the person feels internally scattered and disorganised, and in
disarray. If the Small Intestine loses its rhythm and ability to separate and discriminate the person
may feel constantly in a muddle, unable to maintain focus, make a choice, or tying themselves in
knots. They may become stagnant and inert and need re-energising, cleansing and steadying. This
can be a point to strengthen and gather the person in one place. When there is deficiency or Cold this
point with moxa can bring vitality, compassion, steadiness and flexibility to the Small Intestine
meridian and to the meridians with which it reunites.
The location of the point is found in a depression when the arm is raised; an invasion of external wind
can get caught here. Used to treat shoulder conditions where pain in the shoulder and the person
cannot raise the arm, or there is numbness in the arm.
Benefits the shoulder.
Indications Clears toxicity of body mind and spirit. Brings calm and reconnection with the heavens.
Benefits the shoulder, inability to raise the arm, pain, stiffness and numbness of the arm and neck.
Expels Wind. Clears phlegm. Cheek and jaw swelling.
Point Name SI 13 QU YUAN Crooked Wall Bend Wall
Energetic Nature
Commentary Crooked Wall refers to the location of the point above the curved wall of the scapula. Yuan also has
astrological associations. Here in the heavenly part of the body names of many point have heavenly
resonances.
Benefits the Shoulder. Crooked Wall, as with many of the Small Intestine points in this area, is
recommended for pain of the scapula, shoulder and neck. It is particularly indicated when pain in this
area has become chronic and stagnant. As with other local points on the shoulder it can be palpated
for tenderness when selecting the point of choice.
Indications Invigorates the meridian. Shoulder and scapular pain, especially when chronic.
Point Name SI 14 JIAN WAI SHU Outer Shoulder Shu

Energetic Nature
Commentary Named for its location and primary area of influence. It activates the meridian and thus eases pain in
the shoulder, scapula, back and elbow. Use when there is stiffness and inflexibility involving the
Small Intestine, whether physically — a stiff neck — or the level of the Mind.
Expels Wind and is useful for chills (or fever) when the neck is also affected with stiffness or unable
to turn.
Indications Elbow, shoulder, scapula and back pain. Stiff neck with chills or fever.

Point Name SI 15 JIAN ZHONG SHU Central Shoulder Shu
Transporting Point of the Centre of the Shoulder
Energetic Nature [Shallow needling essential].
Commentary Named for its location. Invigorates the Small Intestine meridian and can ease pain along the meridian.
SI 12-15 are all indicated for shoulder and neck problems. SI 15 is more specifically for the neck.
Located opposite the top aspect of the Lung, it is also able to descend Lung qi and so can be used for
cough and chills.
Diffuses Lung qi, Clears Heat. Transforms Phlegm and Phlegm-Heat

Benefits the shoulders.
Indications Shoulder and scapula pain. Cough. Chills. Poor vision.

Bronchitis, asthma, shortness of breath, cough, fever, sensation of Heat and Cold in the body.
Point Name SI 16 TIAN CHUANG Heavenly Window Celestial Window Lofty Window
Window Basket Window Dragon
Commentary ‘Tian’, Heavenly refers to the location of SI 16 in the upper or heavenly part of the body, ‘Chuang’
may be construed as the point’s ability to move qi in the same way as a window moves air. This is the
first of two Window of the Sky points on this meridian, which emphasizes their importance to the role
of the Small Intestine. As a Window of the Sky, it can calm the Spirit and bring a new perspective
when the person has lost vision, purpose, feels murky and clouded. The Small Intestine has to help
process and separate information for the Mind and Spirit as well as at the level of the body. When out
of balance or depleted, the person can become depressed or agitated, feel overwhelmed, confined and
pressured by sorting the enormous amount of information that assaults the senses in life. Toxicity can
litter the skin with boils, muddle the mind and tarnish the Spirit’s joy of living. Heavenly Window
can bring relief, give a sense of spaciousness and time, refresh and reinvigorate the Small Intestine’s
role in discriminating what is primary and essential from what is negligible.
Benefits the sense orifices. Windows of the Sky points remove blocks to qi flow between head and
body, regulate rebellious qi and invigorate the sense organs. This point can help with tinnitus,
deafness and pain in the ear. It can be used in qi blockage disorders such as throat Bi (goitre and
swelling), shoulder and neck pain and swelling of the cheeks.
Headache, sensation of heat in the face and sudden loss of voice.
An imbalanced Small Intestine can also show as Heart Fire, poison or sluggishness affecting the
region with acne and boils, heavy head, nervous tension, insomnia, poor concentration, skin eruptions,
mental disorder. This point invigorates the meridian, clears heat, eases pain and restores the pure
environment conducive to the proper functioning of the Heart. It also helps with shoulder pain, stiff
neck and neck pain.
Indications Calms the spirit and brings a new perspective. Aids concentration.
Tinnitus, deafness and pain in the ear.
Clears Heat, boils, insomnia. Shoulder and neck pain. Aphasia.

Point Name SI 17 TIAN RONG Heavenly Appearance Celestial Countenance
Heavenly Container Heavenly Hood Heaven’s Reception
Commentary From Small Intestine 17, qi flows to the face. ‘Heavenly’ in the name refers to its location in the
Heavenly part of body as well as its nature as a Window of the Sky. When ‘Rong’ is translated as
‘hood’, it implies protection; this point can be used to relieve wind disorders, Wind-Bi and sore throat
(Ellis, Wiseman & Boss 1989). Situated on the posterior edge of the mandible, in the notch of the
bone, this is tricky energetic geography for the qi to negotiate and this point allows the qi to be helped
on its way in this important area.
Given the effect on the senses of Windows of the Sky, not only at a physical level but on the Mind and
Spirit, it is interesting that this point (see notes on GB 15 regarding the confusion over the initial
classification of this point as a Window of the Sky on the Gallbladder) is the second point on the
Small Intestine to be a Window. This may reflect how important and necessary it is for the Small
Intestine to have clarity of consciousness, to discriminate accurately and have the ability to focus,
given the amount of information it has to separate, and given its role of assisting the Heart, through
purification and filtration. When a person feels depressed, their spirit skewed and grimy from effort
or feels isolated from others, Heavenly Appearance can ease this sense of separation with a refreshed
re-purified perspective and an awareness of the connectedness and radiance of life.
As a Window of the Sky, it can be used alone or in combination with SI 16.
Window of the Sky points regulate and descend rebellious qi. Asthma, breathing difficulties, chest
pain, feeling of fullness in the chest can all be helped by this point.
Benefits the neck and throat as a local point, severe acute tonsillitis, disperses swelling, pain or
difficulty swallowing and speaking, pharyngitis, chills and fever.
Window of the Sky points activate the sense organs and this point can benefit tinnitus and deafness.
Energises the meridian and eases shoulder and scapula pain, especially where there is inability to raise
the arm.
Indications Refreshes the senses and the Spirit.

Acute tonsillitis, goitre, pain or difficulty swallowing. Tinnitus and deafness.
Asthma, breathing difficulties, chest pain, feeling of fullness in the chest.
Shoulder and scapula pain.
Point Name SI 18 QUAN LIAO Cheek Bone Mouth Bone Influential Bone Hole
Hammer Bone Hole
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Small Intestine and Three Heater
Commentary Named for its location. Clears Heat and Wind. Eases pain. Reduces swelling.
Mainly used locally for facial problems relating to invasion of Wind, Cold or Heat.
Indications Trigeminal neuralgia, tics affecting the eye, facial paralysis, deviation of the eye or mouth as in Bell’s
Palsy, swelling or burning of the cheeks, toothache.

Point Name SI 19 TING GONG Listening Palace Auditory Palace Heard
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder, Three Heater and Small Intestine
Exit point of Small Intestine
Commentary At Listening Palace, the Small Intestine’s responsibility for separating, discrimination and focus can
help the person ‘hear’, as in distinguish individual words, receive their meaning, and make sense of
what has been said. All these aspects are necessary to listen deeply to communication from others and,
at the level of the spirit, to receive the intent of the Supreme Controller and the shen. The Fire
element has much to do with communication, the Small Intestine plays a role in this by making sure
communication is clear, un-cynical, un-perverse and that in turn one is able to decipher the
communication of another. Confusion often leads to agitation and misunderstandings and, as the
partner of the Heart, this is to be avoided when possible. The yang influence of this meeting point
with the Gallbladder and Three Heater emphasises the invigorating and cleansing nature of this point.
As the last point on the Small Intestine, it can be used to activate the meridian if connection with the
Bladder seems sluggish, or if the Small Intestine is uninspired it can be used to disperse sadness and
lift the spirits.
‘Palace’ in its name denotes the importance of this point for the ear and hearing.
Benefits the ears. Used for many ear disorders, whether excess, deficiency or stagnation conditions:
discharge, deafness and tinnitus.
Calms the shen and is used to treat insanity or auditory hallucinations. Often used with distal Small
Intestine points if there are signs of Wind-Heat involved.
Indications Calms the spirit. Melancholia. Helps hearing and listening at all levels.
Earache, otitis media, pain in ear, face or head. Tinnitus, deafness.
Headache from Wind-Heat invasion.
Mania with auditory hallucinations. Aural vertigo.

The Bladder
Meridian
Point Name BL 1 JING MING Eyes Bright Eye’s Clarity Bright Essence Tear Hole
Energetic Nature Meeting point of the Bladder, Small Intestine, Stomach with Du mai, Yang Qiao and Yang Wei mai.
Entry point of the Bladder meridian.
Commentary As the entry point of the Bladder meridian, Eyes Bright is a significant point. It is the beginning of
the longest meridian journey, which traverses enormous energetic territory, connecting the head to the
end of the little toe. Nominally the Bladder is the Official in Charge of the Storage of Fluids, with
responsibility for excreting urine. This may sound prosaic but this extensive meridian reminds one of
the proportion and importance of water in our being. The Bladder also has direct connection with
each of the zang/fu through the Back-Shu points. It reaches into the depths of us, to our zang/fu as
well as looking ahead, anticipating. In this way it connects our past and our future while being
absolutely alert to the present moment. It knows where we have been as well as where we’re going,
and needs to be unimpeded if it is to service us well. When out of balance the Bladder, like its
element Water, can appear scattered, fragmented and jumpy or stagnant and putrid. To function at our
best, the fluids within us need to be well regulated, uncontaminated, sparkling. To live safely and
with wisdom we need awareness and insight.
The Bladder meridian begins at the eye and then runs over the head and down the back, it is part of
our fear, fight or flight defence, ‘eyes in the back of our head’ whether fighting off pathogens or other
dangers. As the Entry point it can be used with Kidney 1 to powerfully refresh the Water element
within us. Our system needs to be irrigated so that we have sufficient lubrication, released as we need
it, so that our eyes, mind and spirit are refreshed, able to anticipate and respond. “The highest good is
like water” (Lao Tzu) and here by a primary sense organ, in the heavenly part of the body lies BL 1.
“When the five viscera flourish, the eyes shine like the sun and the moon” (Ellis, Wiseman & Boss,
1989). “Ming” in the point’s name means radiance and is composed of the characters for sun and
moon. We need to be able to see and reflect with our whole presence of being, to have an
uncontaminated higher vision and clear-sighted mental level. Eyes Bright is used to re-stimulate this
facility in a patient and can be complemented with a resonant Kidney chest point to deeply restore and
refresh the spirit.
BL 1 is a very important point for the treatment of nearly all eye diseases, of both interior and exterior
origin. Given the number of yang meridians meeting here it is not surprising that BL 1 is effective for
treating eye problems arising from pathogenic factors or deficiency. The Bladder and Small Intestine
are also Tai Yang, the most exterior of the Six Divisions of yin and yang and the first to be invaded by
external pathogens. BL 1 also links with the Yang Wei mai, which regulates the yang, hence the
importance in general of the role of the Bladder in eliminating pathogenic factors. It also helps clear
the nasal passages.
BL 1 is used with the Opening points of Yin and Yang Qiao mai when there is a lack of regulation in
the cycles of yin and yang within a person, causing them to literally not be able to keep their eyes
open, or not able to close them (insomnia/somnolence). It can also be used to help stop excessive
tearing of the eyes or to help dryness.
Indications Benefits the eyes. Opens and Brightens the Eye.

Expels Wind. Clears Heat. Clears the nose.
Strengthens the back.
Helps hormonal problems and secretions.
Stops pain, itching, tearing.
Conjunctivitis, blurred vision, night blindness, photophobia, atrophy of the optic nerve, frontal
headache, facial paralysis, hysteria with vision loss.
Rhinitis. Sinusitis.
Local point for pain in the supraorbital region.
Acute lower back injuries with muscular spasm.

Point Name BL 2 ZAN ZHU Collect Bamboo Gathered Bamboo Origin Pillar
At the Eyebrow Beginning of Light
Energetic Nature
Commentary “Bamboo” in the name refers to the point’s proximity to the eyebrow, which can be said to resemble
bamboo leaves.
One of the alternate names for this point is ‘Beginning of Light’, from the hidden depths of BL 1 the
pathway emerges to reach the brow. The Water element is renowned for its ability and cleverness, its
‘know-how’, part of that cleverness is an ability to have an overview, to anticipate what lies ahead.
This point helps refresh our faculties physically and mentally so we can do this. ‘Beginning of Light’
refreshes not just the eyes but also the Spirit, cleansing and brightening the vitality of the Bladder
official.
Maciocia (1989) mentions that this point soothes the Liver in relation to its function of nourishing the
eyes or when Liver qi stagnation is affecting the eyes, it can be used for floaters, blurred vision, red
eyes and persistent headaches around the eye.
BL 2 is often painful on palpation and can be needled for pain in the eyebrow or headache affecting
the front of the head. It removes obstructions from the meridian so can be used for problems where
Wind has affected the meridians of the face; facial paralysis. It stimulates mental functioning when
the person is exhausted and unable to concentrate or has overworked.
It can be used in conjunction or subsequently to BL 1 if the latter has not achieved sufficient change,
the pathway from BL 1 to BL 2, from the inner canthus to the brow can be tricky to negotiate
energetically and BL 2 can be used to reinforce the desired movement of qi.
BL 2 can also be used to treat haemorrhoids because the pathway of the divergent channel ‘detours
into the anal region’ (Jing Luo CTA).
Local point for eye problems, pain and congestion of the surrounding area. Benefits the eye and is
used for blurred vision, tearing, redness, pain in the eyes.
It is used particularly in hay fever to alleviate redness and itching. Often used with LI 20 for stuck
sinus problems.
Benefits the eye- Opens and Brightens the eye.
Expels Wind and Cold. Clears Heat. Eases pain. Clears the Nose and Head. Strengthens the back.
Soothes the Liver.
Indications Hay fever, Sinusitis, rhinitis, frontal headache.

Eye problems, redness, pain, floaters, blurred vision, persistent headaches around the eye.
Facial paralysis, trigeminal neuralgia, tics. Insomnia, mental exhaustion.
Point Name BL 3 MEI CHONG Eyebrows Rushing Eyebrow Ascension
Energetic Nature
Commentary Eyebrows Rushing promotes the movement of qi along the pathway and, lying above the brain, clears
and stimulates the Mind and Spirit.
BL 3 activates the meridian and is mainly used as a local point for headaches, eye problems or nasal
congestion. It relieves headaches on the occiput and vertex. Good for headaches from deficient
Bladder and Kidney qi.
Its ability to eliminate Wind is not limited to external Wind. It can be a useful point in epilepsy or
migraine or when Wind invasion affecting the Gallbladder (which has a divergent pathway connection
with the Heart) has provoked agitation causing Shen disturbance.
Benefits the eyes and nose. Eliminates Wind. Clears the Head. Eases pain.
Indications Headaches, headaches on the vertex.

Dizziness. Poor vision. Nasal congestion, Inflammation of the nostrils. Epilepsy. Agitation.

Point Name BL 4 QU CHAI Crooked Servant Deviating Turn Nose Flush
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name ‘Crooked Servant’ refers to the deviation in the line of the meridian at this point. Nose
Flush refers to its ability to treat nasal congestion and other nasal disorders. Although mainly used for
clearing congestion of the nose or to clear the eyes, its ability to open the portals and clear and refresh
the senses reminds one of how dulled the mind and spirit can feel by apparently physical complaints.
Crooked Servant’s location, in this heavenly part of the body, over the brain, can help keep our wits
sharp so we negotiate our lives with skill.
Qu Chai clears Heat, it calms agitation and fullness of the Heart, fever and Heat and fullness of the
head.
Indications Expels Heat. Opens the portals. Clears the head. Brightens the eye. Benefits the nose. Frontal
Headache. Visual dizziness, blurred vision. Eye pain. Nasal congestion, nose bleed, nose sores,
body fever, vexation and fullness in the Heart. Neuralgia, paralysis of the face.
Point Name BL 5 WU CHU Fifth Place Great Place Five Places
Energetic Nature
Commentary In Chinese numerology, five is a number of organisation, representing a central place where different
influences are gathered and transformed. Here the fifth point on the Bladder meridian, the last point
visible on the anterior of the frontal bone, Five Places gathers information from our senses, especially
the eyes. This awareness gives Water its ‘knowing- how’ to live at a deep level and through
perceiving clearly, the ability to proceed directly to its goal. Here the information gathered will
service the Bladder official as it helps direct our life on the remainder of its meridian journey.
Great Place or Five Places precedes Receive Light (BL 6) and to make the most of Heavenly influxes
we need to be in a well ordered state of receptivity. The calm and order that this point can imbue in
Mind and Spirit can help one towards coherent thought and greater insight.
This point subdues Wind affecting the Du mai, in conditions such as epilepsy, convulsions, rigid
spine during fevers in children. Used to restore consciousness in sudden attacks of Wind.
Diffuses and dispels Wind-Heat. Clears the Head and nose. Brightens the eyes.
Indications Agitation of Mind and Spirit, scattered thinking.

Epilepsy, convulsions, rigid spine in fevers in children.
Windstroke, madness.
Headache, heavy head, blurring of vision, dizziness.

Point Name BL 6 CHENG GUANG Light Guard Receiving the Light
Energetic Nature
Commentary As the name implies this point brings yang qualities of light and refreshment where there has been
stagnation and pollution. When there is confusion or toxicity within Water it permeates our entire
system, Body, Mind and Spirit; it corrupts our Will and cleverness and dulls our spirit. When the free
movement of the shen has been blocked causing great vexation to the spirit, Receiving Light can help
re-establish trust that there is light at the end of the tunnel. The preceding point BL 5 can help prepare
the spirit for Cheng Guang. The location of BL 6 on the superior aspect of the head, on the parietal
bone associates this point with all that is yang, heavenly, sparkling and clear. ‘Cheng’ can be
translated as taking on responsibility for a task (Ellis Wiseman & Boss, 1989), BL 6 is said to protect
the eyesight and treat related disorders but its connection with spirit can also grace us with the sense
that we can endure and thus take on the tasks of our life.
Clears the Head and Nose, can help with nosebleeds, nasal congestion or discharge.
Brightens the eyes.
Eliminates Wind. Clears Heat.
Indications For a burdened Mind and Spirit. Agitation, vexation and fullness of the Heart.
Headache, especially on the vertex.
Visual problems, dizziness, poor vision, blurred vision, eye pain.
Nosebleed. Rhinitis. Loss of sense of smell.

Point Name BL 7 TONG TIAN Penetrate Heaven Celestial Connection Celestial White
Celestial Lord Old as the Heavens Unblock Heaven Reaching Heaven
Energetic Nature
Commentary Penetrate Heaven: we need to reach Heaven and to be penetrated by heavenly influences. For our qi
to be sustained it must be pure, to maintain our link with the heavens we need to be serene so that our
shen are not disturbed. This point facilitates this relationship between the heavens and the self. The
alternative name Unblock Heaven reminds us that nothing must impede the flow of qi within us,
otherwise potentially disastrous disharmony occurs throughout our being. This action of clearing
makes it a wonderful point for the Spirit and Mind. It brings invigoration and tranquility where there
is mental and spiritual desperation and disarray, through blockage or depletion.
‘Old as the Heavens’ reminds us of the connections with the Bladder official’s partner the Kidney,
with the spine and bones and the deep knowing which enables us to know how to live, to ‘know
something in your bones’ is said when we are certain of something. Without this inner sense of
certainty, faith in the processes of life and of our ability to survive what is presented along our way we
become scattered and fearful, uncertain of the next step or how to take it. At its best Water has an
imperturbability associated with it because of its skill and cleverness in adapting to change. This
point helps sustain our sense of purpose and clarity.
From BL 7 a connecting vessel runs to Du 20, 100 meetings, hence the name Celestial Connection
(This is also where the deep pathway of the Liver meets with the Du mai). Some texts put a Bladder
pathway from Du 20 to the brain, with another branch meeting with the Gallbladder above the ear.
The association with the Wood element is seen in these pathway connections accounts for the ability
of this point to influence some of the conditions listed:
BL 7 is an important point to dispel and calm Wind from the head. It dispels attacks of Wind-Cold or
Wind-Heat causing severe headache (on the vertex) or facial paralysis, dizziness, headache and
vertigo.
It calms and nourishes Liver Yang Rising, and Liver Blood Deficiency giving rise to epilepsy,
convulsions, unconsciousness and headaches.
The name Unblock Heaven refers to BL 7’s ability to clear the nose. Heaven here refers to the Lung,
the uppermost zang, which opens at the nose. This point enhances the person’s ability to breathe in
fully and unobstructed through the nose, thereby helping to assist the ‘Heavenly qi’. This point is
used in many nasal conditions or conditions involving Phlegm blocking the face and chest.
Locally clears the nose and strengthens the eye.
Indications Mental confusion, loss of direction, gloom and fearfulness.

Mental congestion and stagnation.
Headache.
Nosebleed. Loss of sense of smell. Stiff neck. Hysteria. Sinusitis.
Pain and heaviness of the vertex of the head, epilepsy, convulsions, unconsciousness.

Point Name BL 8 LUO QUE Declining Connection Brain Cover Connecting Cleft
Strong Yang
Energetic Nature
Commentary From BL 8 the Bladder meridian descends (‘declines’). Luo refers to both the connecting vessels,
which can be found in the vicinity of this point, and to the red vessels of the eye. BL 8 can help these
red eye vessels to calm and recede (Wiseman Ellis & Boss 1989).
This point is also called Strong Yang. Preceded by Bl 7 Penetrate Heaven, the heavenly yang
influence of that point is still strong here at Bladder 8. Necessarily so, for our Mind and Spirit need to
be lucid, able to ‘know-how’, to act with ability, without suspicion, doubt, and fear. We need a clear
and easy flow to prevent the sparkling qualities of Water from bring contaminated by mental or spirit
level pollution. Without sufficient fluidity in this area we become stuck, rigid, unable to perceive
clearly or follow a train of thought to its conclusion. Our memory falters without the clear yang tide
to select appropriately from the ‘archivist’ talents of the Bladder; just as on a physical level our head
aches from dehydration and our senses of hearing and sight become blurred, and we lose easy
coordination.
If deficient, the Bladder meridian becomes vulnerable to attack from Wind. This point is situated
where the fontanelle closes. It acts as a protector in this vulnerable area and forms a bridge between
our past and future, our memories and foresight, our earliest development and adulthood.
BL 8 can be used to dissipate Wind and clear Heat. Clears the Head. Clears Phlegm. Brightens the
eyes. Calms the Spirit.
When Phlegm, Heat and Wind combine they can cause mania, epilepsy, manic depression.
When Phlegm and Heat affect the ear, or there is deficiency of Water, tinnitus can result.
Also used for blurred and poor vision.
Indications Withdrawal into oneself. Inability to hold, or pursue thoughts, memories, scattered behaviour.
Mania. Dizziness. Tinnitus. Blurring of vision, neurasthenia.
Nasal congestion. Retching.
Point Name BL 9 YU ZHEN Jade Pillow
Energetic Nature
Commentary The occipital bone is the ‘pillow’ bone (Su Wen). Jade, a mineral precious to the Chinese, indicates
the importance of this heavenly aspect of the body which houses so many senses and our brain. This
point lies level with Du 17, Brain Door and while not as potent as Bl 10 and Du 16, Bladder 9 and Du
17 share similar responsibilities: that of infusing the precious contents of the Sea of Marrow, and the
senses, with vitality, strength, and animation. It affects the senses at the opposite side of the head in
particular — the eyes and sense of smell and can help to improve their functioning and push through
mental congestion. If we are in retreat from the world through fear and feeling overwhelmed or
because our senses feel in decline through age or exhaustion, this point can serve to uplift our spirit
through revitalising the senses. Depletion of Bladder qi with its links to the Kidney and our Original
qi can lead to a dulling of the sense organs.
Bl 9 lies on the level of the superior border of the external occipital protuberance. It is used as a local
point for occipital headache from Wind invasion, especially if combined with a stiff neck and aversion
to Wind and headache from Cold or with a feeling of Cold in the head. It can also affect the front of
the head and dispel Wind affecting the channels of the face and causing pain.
Brightens the eyes, used when there is severe eye pain, dim vision, blurred vision.
Benefits the nose, clears and invigorates. For weakening of the olfactory sense.
Indications To revitalise mental functioning and uplift the Spirit. Mental congestion and weakness.
Headaches. Nasal congestion. Loss of sense of smell.
Eye pain, blurred vision, pain and reddening of the eyes, sore pharynx, facial neuralgia, vertigo.

Point Name BL 10 TIAN ZHU Heavenly Pillar Celestial Pillar
Energetic Nature Window of the Sky.

Point of the Sea of Qi.
Commentary The ‘pillars’ are the trapezius, the head ‘Heaven’. Pillar could also refer to the spine or neck. Tian
Zhu is also the name of a star.
BL 10 is situated where the Bladder meridian emerges from the brain and so can be used to clear the
brain, stimulate memory and concentration, especially when there is a feeling of energy being jammed
in the head, disconnecting mind from body. Its location at the transition point of the top of the neck to
the occiput can make it a tricky area for qi to negotiate: activating and freeing the qi of this point can
be very potent. BL 10 Heavenly Pillar and Du 16 Wind Palace are located on the same level, both are
Windows of the Sky, both are Sea points, both have enormous potential influence on the Body, Mind
and Spirit, the head and its contents. As a Window of the Sky, BL 10 re-emphasises its qualities as a
Sea of qi point, banishing sluggishness between the head and body, enlivening the sense organs and
energising the brain.
The beauty of a Window of the Sky is the opportunity it brings for a new perspective and freeing of
the Spirit. When the Spirit has been corroded by fear, suspicion or distrust, a Window can help view
things afresh, revitalised and uncontaminated. This point can fortify and impart the strength to endure
when someone is apprehensive of what they future may bring, or fears that they lack the necessary
strength and capacity to meet the demands of the future. There is apparent safety in known
circumstances and fearfulness can want to stave off change. Change happens anyway, and this point
can help the person feel equipped to meet it.
A good point when anxiety has been combined with overwork. If the person has been depressed,
fearful, desperate, filled with suspicion and negativity this point can open them up to the positive
qualities of Water, faith, wisdom and freshness. Just as the trapezius and spine support the head and
BL 10 can be used for neck problems and physical strengthening of the neck, so it can be called upon
when the person needs support for the Mind and Spirit, when they need extra strength.
As a Sea of Qi point (Ling Shu 33) along with REN 17, ST 9 (or sometimes DU 15, DU 14) Heavenly
Pillar can be used to regulate qi. The text says that if this Sea is replete there may be “fullness in the
chest or abdomen, congestion, and a florid complexion. If deficient, there will be ‘weakness and loss
of voice’. This combination is only called upon in chronic situations, when the deep regulation and
reserve that a ‘sea’ can offer is necessary.
Expels Wind from the head. BL 10 is a major local point for occipital headache or vertical headache
with stiff neck. It has a special effect on the eyes and is used to increase vision, especially if Kidney
deficiency is contributing to the eyesight problem.
Distal point for acute lower back ache.
Indications Calms the Spirit. Use for Depression and fearful despair. Opens the orifices and clears the brain.
Regulates qi.
Removes obstructions from the meridian.
Loss of smell. Declining vision. Brightens the eye.
Distal point for the lower back. Soothes the sinews.

Point Name BL 11 DA ZHU Great Shuttle Back Shu Big Reed
Energetic Nature Meeting/Hui-Gathering point of the Bones.

Point of the Sea of Blood.
Crossing of Bladder, Small Intestine, Gallbladder, Triple Heater and Du mai.
One of the points used to release the Seven External Dragons
Commentary Spinal vertebra used to be referred to as ‘shuttle bones’, because the vertebra resembled a shuttle
weaving in and out of the rib cage. This name recalls the effect of BL 11 on the bones and joints, of
‘weaving’ them together. The first vertebrae, being the most prominent, is ‘great’ (Ellis, Wiseman
and Boss 1989).
BL 11 is a Hui-gathering point or Influential point for the bones. The Kidneys rule the Bones and the
Bladder is the partner of the Kidneys. BL 11 can be used for skeletal problems in general not just
those affecting the neck. It strengthens bones and is used to promote bone formation in children,
prevent degeneration in the elderly and to treat bone deformities in chronic arthritis, bone disease and
rigidity.
As stated in ST 37. Great Shuttle is one of the points of the Sea of Blood with ST 37 and ST 39, it can
be used to nourish the Blood. Ling Shu 33 states that this Sea is indicated when the qi is increasing
and decreasing in volume. This may reflect as instability in the patient, changes in the complexion
and distribution of fluids together with long-term deficiency. Using the three points together not only
calls on the great reservoir that might be expected in a ‘sea’ but also acts as a series of regulating
valves to stabilise the qi and Blood. As a point of the Sea of Blood it helps strengthen the Blood
increasing the resistance of qi and Blood to attack, as well as nourishing Blood and facilitating Blood
flow. This is particularly useful for generalised muscle ache. It also strengthens the sinews and can
be used for contraction of the tendons.
Releases the Exterior and expels Wind. BL 11 is useful in the early stages of a cold (often cupped).
The crossing here of Bladder and Small Intestine enhances their Tai Yang relationship which
reinforces the use of this point for back and neck problems, as well as its ability to throw off
pathogenic factors.
Local point for pain of the interscapular region.

It helps diffuse Lung qi. Expands and relaxes the chest. Regulates the Lungs.
Indications Can be used to dispel the early stages of a cold (usually cupped) (BL 12 is more often used for this
purpose).
Useful for structural problems especially when the Blood also needs attention. Clears Wind, Clears
Heat.
Soothes the Sinews, benefits the joints and strengthens the bones. Prevents bone degeneration, joint
deformation, arthritis, stiff knees. Muscle ache from Blood deficiency.
Neck and spinal pain and stiffness.

Point Name BL 12 FENG MEN Wind Gate Heat Mansion Wind Mansion Wind Door
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Du mai and BL
Commentary This is a common place of entry for pathogens and so can be used to expel them. The name
emphasises the importance of this point in regulating and dispersing external pathogenic Wind. A
great point to use in the very beginning of a cold, where there is invasion of Wind. It will release the
exterior, strengthen wei qi and relieve the symptoms (stuffy nose, sneezing, aversion to cold,
headache). Cupping in particular encourages the Lung dispersing function by spreading wei/
defensive qi to fight off the pathogen.
Regulates Lung qi. Stimulates sweating. Expands and Relaxes the chest.
Between Du 12 and 13 a small pathway connects with BL 12. This point thus accesses the yang
properties of the Du mai, connecting it with the yang exterior of the body, as well as its
connections with Tai Yang thus enhancing its ability to fight pathogens. Tai Yang, being the most
exterior of the Six Divisions, is the most frequently affected by pathogenic attacks.
Regulates Nutritive and Defensive qi.
Indications Onset of a cold. Nasal problems, sneezing, profuse discharge, nosebleed.

Bronchitis, cough. Asthma. Headache.
Neck stiffness, Shoulder, lumbar pain.

Point Name BL 13 FEI SHU Lungs Correspondence Lung Shu Lung’s Hollow
Energetic Nature Back-Shu /Associated Effect /Back Transporting point
Commentary Back-Shu points connect directly with the associated zang/fu, thus accessing the qi of the official at a
deep level. ‘Transporting’ in their name indicates the movement of qi to and from the organ. They
are potent points, strongly affecting and regulating the qi of each official. They particularly affect the
organ qi more than the qi of the meridian, and they are especially useful in chronic or interior disease
and exhaustion. There is a back-shu point for each zang and fu plus four others which relate to parts
of the body or functions. It is interesting that it is on the Tai Yang, the most exterior of the Six
divisions of Yin Yang, this far reaching yang meridian that the Back-Shu points are found, which work
at the depths of the organs and both store and transport the qi necessary for life. It is a reminder of the
wide- ranging breadth and depth of the Bladder meridian territory, and of the control and influence of
the Bladder in relation to the other officials. To strongly tonify a particular official/organ, the Back-
Shu points can be combined with the front-mu points, to support from both front and back.
According to Maciocia (1989) they are used to affect the sense organ of the corresponding organ.
Many traditions of acupuncture palpate the Back-Shu points to see if they are tender indicating
imbalance in the corresponding organ.
BL 13 regulates and unites the functioning of the Lung at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit. This
point can be used in interior and exterior, acute and chronic symptomatology of the Lungs.
BL 13 tonifies the Lung, when ongoing grief and sadness or a sense of deprivation depletes, dries up
and withers the Lung qi. It can be used to promote the proper functioning of the Lung, to
inspire/inhale and enrich one’s life with vitality, and to condense what is precious. BL 13 is used to
reanimate mental inertia and fortify the Lung qi where there is constitutional weakness: a weak voice,
chronic deficiency and exhaustion.
Fei Shu nourishes the Receiver of Qi, when there is exhaustion of the Lungs through overwork,
insufficient exercise, poor posture; or fever affecting the lungs eventually leading to atrophy of the
lungs and consumption. By its effect on the Lung it helps tonify and regulate the upper jiao.
BL 13 descends and disseminates Lung qi and thus releases the exterior, expels Wind-Cold, Wind-
Heat, and can be used for asthma, cough, breathlessness.
Clears Heat from the Lung, used in acute conditions when there is Heat at the qi level or to clear
Phlegm or chest pain.
Indications Acute and chronic symptoms affecting the Lungs including ennui, disconnection and depletion by
ongoing grief.
Long term lung weakness, deficiency agitation, consumption, night sweating, no pleasure in eating.
Acute bronchitis, chills and fever.
Breathlessness, asthma, persistent cough.
Local point for pain in the upper back.
Stops cough.

Point Name BL 14 JUE YIN SHU Heart Protector Correspondence Gate Tower Shu
Terminal Yin Back Transporting Point Absolute Yin Hollow
Commentary BL 14 helps relieve sadness and melancholia. This point tonifies and regulates the functioning of the
Heart Protector and thereby regulates the Heart. The Heart Protector acts as the ambassador of the
Heart, communicating with the other Officials on behalf of the Heart throughout the realm of the body,
as well as enveloping and protecting the Heart. It does this physically as the pericardium. At the level
of the Mind and Spirit, it deflects possible taxation or vexation of the Heart. If the Heart Protector is
weakened either from the emotional impact of heartbreak, loneliness, sadness, or chronic problems
with the Blood and circulation, it can become worn down leaving the Heart itself exposed, vulnerable
and defenceless.
The name of this point draws attention to the Jue Yin, the Pericardium/Liver division of the Six
Divisions of Yin /Yang. When there is deficiency of the Pericardium and the Liver and
consequently with the Blood, it is hard for the Heart to be calm, -it is so closely identified with
Blood, emotional lability can result. Jue Yin regulates Blood, Pericardium provides the animating
network, the mai, and Liver restructures and stores the Blood. This can be a great point to use to
strengthen the Pericardium, both for fragility of Mind and Spirit and all the warming, moisturising
and strengthening properties of Blood. When there is stagnation of Liver qi from whatever cause,
there is frequently pain, ‘binding’ of the hypochondrium, depression, restlessness, agitation and
lack of joy. Jue Yin Shu expands and relaxes the chest. Regulates and Tonifies the Heart.
Spreads Liver qi, unbinds the chest. Regulates and descends rebellious qi.
Indications Heart ache, sadness.

Heart conditions, arrhythmia, tachycardia, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease.
Oppression and /or pain of the chest.
Anxiety, palpitations, restlessness. Shortness of breath.
Cough, rebellious qi, vomiting. Toothache.

Point Name BL 15 XIN SHU Heart Correspondence Heart Shu Heart’s Hollow
Energetic Nature Back Shu /Associated Effect /Back Transporting point
Commentary The Back-Shu point of the Heart is obviously an important point. It is a direct connection to the
Supreme Controller, the Emperor zang. As such it must be treated with respect; however, if anything,
this point is underused.
The Heart and shen need harmony. If the Heart comes under assault, whether from broken-
heartedness, emotional distress or blood deficiency, control is lost. Chaos, anxiety and disorientation,
and possibly hysteria replace calm. Use Xin Shu for exhaustion and deficiency of the Heart which has
not recovered with less direct treatment. To re-establish the Heart in control a direct approach is
sometimes necessary. The Heart can be restored and nourished after Heart shock or collapse with
moxa (provided there are no contra-indications) and needle at Xin Shu.
Xin Shu regulates and tonifies the Heart and the natural movement of Fire, which rises. When the
Heart is depleted there is sadness, desperation, depression. The expansion and radiance that is natural
to the Heart is lost. BL 15 calms the Spirit and can be used for nervous anxiety and insomnia. It
strengthens and clears the brain, especially when used with moxa it can have a good effect in
stimulating the consciousness and brain. It can be used for children with mental retardation or slow
development of speech (the tongue is under the control of the Heart).
When there is insufficient Blood or yin to nourish and root the shen then the Heart cannot house the
shen and becomes restless, anxious, agitated. This point expands and relaxes the chest by resolving
stagnation of Blood. It invigorates the Blood, and can be used for pain in the chest from Blood
stagnation, and poor memory from Blood deficiency.
Regulates the Upper Burner and tonifies Gathering Qi.
Heat in the Blood and Heart Fire can cause emotional excess, mania, insomnia, excessive dreaming,
and can severely disrupt the Heart, particularly when combined with Phlegm, which blocks the
orifices. BL 15 transforms Heart Phlegm and Cools Heat.
Indications Depression, sadness, forgetfulness, dream-disturbed sleep, insomnia.

Heart disease, rheumatic heart disease.
Mutism. Cough. Chest pain.
Sensation of heat in the extremities, particularly the palms and soles.
Epilepsy, fright, palpitations, seizures, hysteria.

Point Name BL 16 DU SHU Governor Correspondence Governing Shu High Boost
High Cover
Commentary Here on the Bladder meridian is the Governor Correspondence point, Du mai itself runs between the
parallel meridians of the Bladder and this point echoes the resonances of Du mai. Du mai is
associated with yang and qi in particular. The strength of Du mai is to support us, help us be present,
stay upright and assert ourselves in the world. Larre and Rochat (1992 Secret Treatise) describe Tai
Yang (Bladder and Small Intestine) as “the greatest expansion of yang and principle heir of the Du
mai”. BL 16 is a helpful point when there is symptomatology which indicates the Du mai/Governor
vessel, or to use in addition to Du mai points.
When someone has become downtrodden in spirit, lost their sparkle and ability to shrug off the trials
of life, this point can strengthen their resolve and enhance their opportunity to live their life fully,
rather than a shrunken, shriveled version.
High Boost, its alternate name, indicates its rousing qualities. Maciocia (1989) states that it
“Regulates the Heart and Invigorates the Blood”. Located just below the Back- Shu point of the Heart,
the invigorating effect of Du Shu affects the area of the Heart, moving stasis and thus expanding and
relaxing the chest when there is pain. It benefits the diaphragm. Able to affect the Heart area in this
way and given the intimate relationship of the Heart with the Blood, it can be used to invigorate or
clear Heat from the Blood, hence its use when there are skin diseases with either Blood deficiency
aspects, itching or Heat in the Blood, boils.
Regulates the qi in the chest and abdomen. It will affect the opposite region on the front of the
body and so can be used for stagnation, pain and deficiency in the upper epigastric area.
Indications For inner collapse, when unable to stand up to the trials of life.
Heart pain, epigastric pain, abdominal distention.
Chills and fever, breast abscess. Skin problems, itchy skin, psoriasis.
Spasm of the diaphragm, loosens the chest.

Point Name BL 17 GE SHU Diaphragm Correspondence Diaphragm Shu
Diaphragm Hollow
Energetic Nature Meeting /Hui-Gathering point of the Blood

Back-shu/Associated Effect /Back Transporting point of the Diaphragm
Commentary Blood deficiency, whether from undernourished Blood, sadness, or Blood loss, disturbs the residence
and harmony of the shen. When Blood is insufficient or of poor quality it is hard to enter fully into
life, we feel disembodied and insecure, fretting and restless in our Mind and Spirit as the shen find no
place of comfort in which to rest. Blood and qi are an equal couple, the ‘body and shadow’ and BL 17,
found in the region of the Heart, the place where the transformation of nutritious liquids into red blood
occurs, is an excellent point to maintain the Blood. As the Hui-Gathering point, it nourishes and
invigorates the Blood, facilitating flow. Restored and fortified the shen can regain calm and
equilibrium. Ge Shu tonifies qi and Blood, clears Heat from Blood, and generates fluids.
BL 17 has a general tonifying effect on the qi and Blood of the entire body and moxa is used for
this. When used to nourish the Blood, BL 17 is usually moxa-ed. It is needled when there is stasis
of Blood. It can be combined with BL 19, this combination is known as the ‘Four Flowers’. An
alternative combination to tonify qi and Blood is the ‘Magnificent Six’, BL 17 with BL 18 and BL
20.
With stagnation of qi and Blood or severe Blood deficiency the person can feel weak and
disorientated. Their behaviour can be erratic, manic or depressed. If stasis turns to Heat, the shen
will be agitated, anxious or extreme in behaviour as the Heart spirit loses control.
Disharmony from Heat in the Blood can result in coughing or spitting blood, nosebleed,
haemorrhage, the Blood is overheated and ‘recklessly’ bursts from the vessels.
BL 17 affects the opposite area of the body so it can open the chest. It removes obstructions from
the diaphragm. Being the Back-Shu point for the diaphragm and lying between the middle and
upper jiao, it can help regulate the movement of qi between them. It invigorates the diaphragm,
moving qi and strengthening deficiency in this area: stuffiness of the chest, belching, hiccups,
difficulty ingesting, fullness in the epigastrium. Asthma, cough, back pain, spinal stiffness, hiatus
hernia. It also descends rebellious qi and so can be used for vomiting.
Indications Conditions due to Blood deficiency or Heat in the Blood, frailty of Mind and Spirit, weakness in
general, feeling cold in Body or Spirit.
Urticaria, psoriasis, night sweating, scanty periods, poor circulation, coldness, anaemia, scanty periods,
fever and chills, insomnia.
Conditions from Blood stasis, chronic somnolence, chest pain, oppression of the chest, stabbing
pain, epigastric pain, pain of the body.
Hiccups, belching, vomiting. Heat in the Blood, haemorrhage, nosebleed, coughing Blood.

Point Name BL 18 GAN SHU Liver Correspondence Liver Shu Liver’s Hollow
Commentary Back-Shu points help harmonise and regulate the Body, Mind, Spirit of their related official, so if the
Mind is lagging behind the Body or vice versa they can be great points to use. If someone’s Wood
element is out of balance they may conceive a million plans but never find the wherewithal to initiate
any of them, or they may forge their own way in life so strongly they never find long term
companionship because they are not flexible enough to accommodate another person’s pace. The
Liver distributes and regulates the quantity of Blood and invigorates the Body, Mind and Spirit, with
particular responsibility for the muscular forces. If the Liver, ‘the General’ who plans and strategises
is lethargic or hyperactive, planning at every level of our being, and assessment of circumstances, can
go awry.
The Liver in health is all about free flow and making things start to move and grow. When the Liver
has become imbalanced and there is a lack of free flow of emotion, qi and/or Blood, then frustration,
anger, lack of appropriate anger, inhibition, depression, lack of vision and hope can all occur.
Without hope and flexibility of Body, Mind and Spirit the nature of Wood can become curmudgeonly,
further isolating the individual. The Back-Shu point, with its direct connection to the zang, can
greatly assist in revitalising this Official and restoring the movement so vital to the nature of Wood.
Rectifying deficiency, whether of Blood or qi, benefits the sinews and helps with cramping, stiffness,
poor memory and agitation. Without this help, rigidity of ideas and limbs, constriction of spirit and
musculature may develop.
The Back-Shu points are said to affect the related sense organ. The ‘General of the Armed Forces’
Official needs to be able to project their presence a long way, as well as being farseeing on many
levels. The Liver opens into the eye, it is the way the movement of qi that is the Liver exteriorises
itself. This point can be used for eye problems, it helps poor vision, poor night vision, floaters, red
eyes, itchy eyes, whether from issues of Blood deficiency or Liver yin deficiency.
This point can be used in nearly all conditions affecting the Liver: Stagnation of Liver qi can cause
distention of the epigastrium, hypochondriac area, sour regurgitation. BL 18 clears Damp-Heat
jaundice or cholecystitis, when stagnation of Liver qi affects the Gallbladder.
Benefits, Regulates and Tonifies the Liver and Gallbladder.
Resolves Damp-Heat. Moves stagnant qi. Benefits the eyes. Benefits the Sinews. Eliminates
Wind
Indications Anger, depression, hopelessness.

Distention of the epigastrium, hypochondriac area, sour regurgitation.
Poor vision, poor night vision, floaters, red eyes.
Jaundice or cholecystitis.

Point Name BL 19 DAN SHU Gallbladder Correspondence Gallbladder’s Hollow
Commentary Dan Shu is a powerful point to harmonise and strengthen the Upright Official of Decision and
Judgement. All Officials need to be uncontaminated to work at their best but the Gallbladder
particularly suffers if it is not pure. It is an extraordinary fu, it stores what is clear. Minute but
potentially momentous judgements and decisions within the Body, Mind and Spirit are being taken at
every moment of one’s life. If all the potential far seeing of the Wood element cannot be brought to a
moment of decision, then hesitation, shakiness, and frustration result rather than action and growth. It
is frustrating for those around the person but far more so for the person themselves. Alternatively
only making snap judgements without an ability to reflect and know that one’s decision is correct,
both factually and morally, can lead to an inner lack of coordination and cooperation. If the
Gallbladder is deficient there can be fearfulness (‘small gallbladder timidity’), an inability to assert
oneself and make decisions, or conversely inappropriate irritation and anger. This can have a knock
on effect around the sheng cycle leading to palpitations and insomnia and anxiety from the Heart. If
the Gallbladder is struggling, (2300 -0100) Gallbladder time, may bring insomnia and agitation rather
than relief. Conversely, when the Gallbladder is calm, strong and determined then one forges a path
in life with courage and with no opening for attack from pathogens or hindrances.
Using Dan Shu to bring the Gallbladder Official into better balance also helps to regulate and
harmonise the relationship with the Liver.
Good point for clearing Damp-Heat to which the Gallbladder is prone, whether from over
consumption of greasy, Heat-inducing foods or from a breakdown in the k’e cycle relationship with
the Earth element. Typically there will be a bitter taste in the mouth, possibly yellow eyes,
distention in the chest or lateral costal region, and inappropriate anger, resentment or lack of anger.
The balancing properties of this point can correct the relationship between the Gallbladder and
Stomach and make it useful for pacifying the Stomach, when there is vomiting.
From its location it can help relax the diaphragm and ease hiccups and distention of the epigastric
area from Liver qi stagnation.
Indications Vexatious indecision.

Clears Gallbladder Damp-Heat and Fire. Jaundice. Cholecystitis. Hepatitis. Bitter taste in the mouth.
Harmonises the Stomach. Loosens the diaphragm. Brightens the eye. Expels parasites.
Insomnia. Pain in the lateral costal area.
Headache, difficult ingestion. Axillary swelling, yellow eyes.

Point Name BL 20 PI SHU Spleen Correspondence Spleen Back Transporting point
Commentary As the Official in charge of Transforming and Transporting, the Spleen works ceaselessly. In the
central region of the body it oversees all the exchanges within an individual and distributes
nourishment to the extremities of the Body, Mind and Spirit. It shapes the form of our flesh, our
thoughts, our Blood. The Spleen presides over the Blood and thereby warms the zang.
This point is an excellent point to restore balance and invigorate the Spleen functioning,
particularly its role of transforming and transporting.
Any form of Spleen deficiency at whatever level of our being, whether from overwork, over-
thinking or lack of self nourishment, can be helped with this point: tiredness, loose stools, no
appetite, abdominal distention, prolapse, mental stodginess. It tonifies qi and Blood when the
person is exhausted and can be useful in nearly all chronic disease where there is Spleen deficiency
involved. It is often combined with BL 21 the Back-Shu point of the Stomach to strengthen the
Root of Post Heavenly Essence. This point stimulates the natural ascending movement of Spleen.
BL 21 stimulates the natural descending movement of the qi of the stomach and hence they are
frequently used together to regulate the middle jiao. This natural ascending movement of the
Spleen in health is important to remember as so many imbalances relating to the Spleen show us
graphically when this isn’t functioning, when our flesh collapses in prolapse or our minds are
bogged down with Damp and our thoughts no longer penetrate.
When the Spleen is deficient or its relationship with fluids and humidity has become imbalanced,
people complain of muzzy head, heavy limbs and body, they have no get up and go and their Mind
becomes dulled. Little enthusiasm is felt for life or any project, thought can become obsessive or
unable to extend from the individual’s own centre to consider things from another’s perspective.
Spleen is the Origin of Blood and by tonifying this point the Blood can be nourished. The
Transporter of Qi is also charged with holding the Blood in the vessels and this point will assist
leakage of Blood in the stools or excessive menstruation.
By regulating the middle jiao BL 20 can help harmonise the relationships between both Stomach
and Spleen, and the k’e cycle relationship between Earth and Wood.
Indications Mental exhaustion, over thinking.

Tiredness, loose stools, no appetite, inappropriate weight for food consumption.
Abdominal distention, prolapse.
Chronic illness, long term exhaustion.

Point Name BL 21 WEI SHU Stomach Correspondence Stomach Shu
Commentary The Official which Rots and Ripens food, whether physical, emotional and/or spiritual, which enables
us to process, digest information and nourish ourselves can be directly stimulated with this point.
Over-digesting, over processing, circular thinking can all be helped. When the Stomach and Spleen
are depleted, undernourished or stuck in a rut an individual may show signs of not being able to get
started on things or not being able to stop. They may crave the centre of attention, or may lose their
sense of self, unable to store their own nourishment/identity, their own centre. These two officials
work so closely together that BL 20 and BL 21 are frequently both used in one treatment. The
Stomach – the Sea of Liquids and Cereals – receives nourishment/ ideas. By rotting and ripening, the
Stomach breaks down what is essential to life, which is then distributed by the Spleen. Working well
together, they grant the ability to experience and absorb the essences and Five Tastes that maintain life.
In health there is an ability to encounter and embrace others without either losing one’s equilibrium or
having to completely absorb or control the other. The virtue of Earth is sincerity and dependability,
when the person can trust their Earth element then change is manageable.
When Stomach qi ascends, causing belching, reflux of food, hiccups or vomiting, this point
stimulates the descending of Stomach qi, the natural direction for it. So BL 21 helps when there is
retention of food leading to distention and pain of the stomach region.
Regulates, tonifies, harmonises the Stomach.
Descends Rebellious qi, Pacifies the Stomach, relieves retention of food. Harmonises the Middle
jiao. Resolves Damp.
Indications Inability to process/digest information, nourishment. Obsessive thought.

Pain and distention in the Stomach. Cold in the Stomach.
‘Drum’ stomach. Disruption of Appetite.
Point Name BL 22 SAN JIAO SHU Triple Heater Correspondence Triple Burner’s Hollow
Commentary San Jiao’s vital role in orchestrating and providing a context for all the transmissions within a being
makes tremendous demands upon it. When healthy, it facilitates harmonious and comfortable
adjustments and regulation of Body, Mind and Spirit. When exhausted, its ability to harmonise is
impaired, temperature throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit can blow hot and cold, erratic social
behaviour, temperature fluctuations and emotional lability can ensue. San Jiao Shu, with its direct
effect upon the Official and ability to harmonise at the level of the Body, Mind and Spirit of the San
Jiao, serves to strengthen and tonify the functioning of the San Jiao within itself.
The San Jiao official is in charge of Irrigation and Controls the Water Passages. It is responsible
for the harmonisation of the three jiao or burning spaces and the regulation of fluids through the
jiao, hence its ability to resolve Damp. If communication between the jiao is interrupted, the
excretion of waste is irregular and the stagnation of fluids may lead to accumulations and masses.
It can also adversely affect the functioning of any of the zang/fu within the three jiao.
This point regulates the Lower Burner’s function of keeping open the Water passages so that waste
fluids can be excreted. Part of this role resolves Damp in the lower burner and so helps with
retention of urine, and oedema in the lower half of the body.
Regulates, tonifies and harmonises the Triple Heater. Resolves Damp. Resolves masses. Opens
the Water passages. Regulates the Water Passages in the Lower jiao.
Indications Erratic changes of mood and/or temperature/vitality.

Pain and stiffness of the lower back.
Retention of urine, oedema in the lower half of the body.

Point Name BL 23 SHEN SHU Kidney Correspondence Kidney’s Hollow
Commentary Like all the back-shu points Shen Shu has a direct connection with the associated zang. The Kidneys
are the powerhouse of the body, they hold the potential for all we may manifest. In their duality they
graphically represent both yin and yang, from the interaction of which a being developed, and they
remind one of the two aspects of the movement of Water, the movement into the depths to fertilize the
generation of life and the distribution throughout the being of Water. The Kidneys protect our essence,
the root of Pre-Heavenly Essence, from which we gain our strength and our marrow. Essence is the
foundation of the mind and consciousness, if essence is lacking or weak the Mind and Body will
struggle, there will be negativity, lack of determination, depression, an inability to initiate, speak and
act with wisdom, power and profundity. Marrow grants us our upright posture.
The Kidneys generate our bones. Cleverness and ability stem from the Kidneys. When Kidney qi
is deficient, the person can seem to collapse in on themselves mentally and physically, fatigue and
forgetfulness, structural weakness and fearfulness are just some of the ways this might manifest.
Shen Shu can be used to strengthen and nourish many aspects of Kidney qi.
BL 23 nourishes Kidney yin and strengthens and warms Kidney yang. Deficiency of Kidney yang
can lead to coldness of the limbs and bones. Deficient Kidney qi can lead to coldness of the uterus,
infertility, irregular menstruation. BL 23 nourishes Blood via the Kidneys role in the formation of
Blood.
Benefits Bones and Marrow. BL 23 is used in bone problems, deformities, arthritis, osteoporosis.
It strengthens the lower back, which is under the influence of the Kidneys, and eases pain or cold
in the knees. Hot and Cold sensations in the bones can be attributed to Kidney deficiency. BL 23
also nourishes Marrow and so is used in cases of dizziness, poor memory, exhaustion and constant
desire to sleep.
Benefits the ears, for ear deficiency conditions, deafness.

Brightens the eyes; the Kidneys moisten the eye so when indicated this point can help with poor
vision and dry eyes.
Strengthens the Kidney function of the reception of qi, holding and grasping the inhalation. If
deficient it can result in cough, asthma or breathing difficulties.
Resolves retention of Damp in the lower jiao. Used for all deficiency of the Kidneys whether
constitutional, from chronic illness, overwork, aging, excessive sexual activity. Kaptchuk: “As
one’s Jing decreases so one’s wisdom increases”.
It can nourish Kidney essence when there is impotence, infertility, lack of desire.
The Kidneys control the two lower orifices, if Kidney qi is deficient or ‘not firm’, control over the
emission of urine and faeces may be lost.
Indications Oedema. Problems with urination. Impotence. Infertility.

Cough, asthma, or breathing difficulties.
Cold in the uterus, bones, lumbar area. Tinnitus, deafness

Point Name Bl 24 QI HAI SHU Sea of Qi Correspondence Sea of Qi’s Hollow
Commentary BL 24 is located directly behind REN 6 Sea of Qi. It is named for its location and similar though less
potent properties. It is used to tonify qi and Blood.
It also Strengthens the lower back (and knees) and is used as a local point.
Removes obstructions from the channel and is used in lower extremity paralysis.
Regulates the qi and Blood and moves stasis and so is used in deficiency conditions of irregular,
painful menstruation or uterine bleeding. Also used for haemorrhoids.
Indications Weakness and pain of the lower back.

Irregular menstruation. Uterine Bleeding.
Haemorrhoids.

Point Name BL 25 DA CHUNG SHU Large Intestine Correspondence
Large Intestine’s Hollow
Commentary When the Large Intestine is in balance, we negotiate transitions in our life, retaining what was of
value from the past, and our experience is transformed. Our mind is capable of making distinctions
and maintaining connections and balance. When we lose the natural rhythm of peristalsis in our
thinking or feelings, our outlook is poisoned, our spirit gets bogged down, life seems tarnished and
empty, suspicion and negativity dog us. We become closed to new experience because we are bunged
up, feeling all the slights and injustices of the past. This toxicity can show on our skin as dinginess or
boils. The person may constantly look to external situations or material possessions to compensate
themselves for the quality in life for which they yearn.
BL 25 tonifies and regulates the Large Intestines.
This point promotes the functioning of the Large Intestine and can be used in all bowel problems,
whether constipation or diarrhoea, as well as chronic disease of the Large Intestine. Where there is
abdominal distention, pain, or fullness from imbalance in the functioning of the Large Intestine
(stagnation, Heat, Damp) this point can help alleviate discomfort.
Strengthens the lumbar region and legs.

Used as a local point for all backache in the region and prolapse of the anus.
Indications Depression, finding no value in life. Feeling toxic. Problems of letting go of the past.
Defecation, diarrhoea, constipation, incontinence, borborygmus.
Rectal prolapse. Pain and distention of the abdomen. Lumbar pain.
Point Name BL 26 GUAN YUAN SHU First Gate Correspondence Origin Pass Shu
Origin Gate Back Transporting Point Hinge at the Source Hollow
Commentary This is an area that contains several ‘gate’ points. Traversing the front of the body REN 4 and 5 are
First Gate and Stone Gate respectively, DU 4 is Gate of Life. Origin Pass, an alternative name for BL
26, reminds one of the nature of the energetic work of this area. Guan Yuan, First Gate, on the
Bladder meridian negotiates the territory between the sacrum and the lumbar vertebrae. As any Hinge
or Gate it needs to move freely within its designated territory otherwise stagnation and blockage
occurs. First Gate can free up this gate in this fundamental energetic region and, as its name implies,
accesses a deep level of qi with which to tonify the area.
Strengthens the lower back. Removes obstructions from the Channel.

Problems of the lower jiao — frequent urination, incontinence, abdominal distention, diarrhoea
Local point for chronic low back ache; often tender upon palpation and can be needled if tender.
Especially good for lumbar pain from external pathogenic attack which has lodged in the channels of
the back.
Indications Chronic low back ache.

Lower jiao problems.
Supports and tonifies the area.

Point Name BL 27 XIAO CHANG SHU Small Intestine Correspondence
Commentary Our ability to discriminate, to extract goodness from situations and determine which particular thing
we want amidst the minutiae of life, and to see life from an uncontaminated perspective, needs the
Small Intestine official to be in good balance. When this is not the case, a sense of muddle is often
experienced both by the individual and those trying to follow their train of thought. Perspectives can
become poisoned and silt invade Body, Mind and Spirit. This can result in trying, muddled
encounters, punctuated by stinging comments as the frustration of the person failing to communicate
clearly grows. Or someone might become overly focused and fastidious in some regard but overlook
other areas altogether. Thought can become disjointed, the rhythm of communication interrupted and
irritation simmer. The functioning of the Small Intestine is not only about separating and discarding
waste, but also separating and absorbing the clear, accepting, assimilating that which is useful and
empowering to life, and thereby providing a suitably pure environment for the Heart. BL 27
strengthens this capacity. It promotes the functioning of the Small Intestine.
Part of the function of Small Intestine is to separate and drain the turbid from the pure (it is paired
with the Bladder as Tai Yang in the Six Divisions) and thus Xiao Chang Shu is applicable to urinary
problems.
Its ability to drain Damp and Damp-Heat makes it applicable in situations of: diarrhoea,
Damp/Heat in the intestines, Heat in the intestines leading to constipation, or mucus in the bowels,
haemorrhoids and pain. BL 27 moistens the intestines facilitating their functioning. It can also
drain Damp and Damp-Heat from the Bladder.
Relieves sacral pain and lower abdominal pain from pain of the Small Intestine, if the Small
Intestine has been vexed through poor diet, stagnation, or a stuck pathogen.
Indications Difficulty with separating, concentrating and distinguishing information.

Benefits urination, cloudy urine, difficult urination, burning on urination.
Sacral pain and stiffness.
Point Name BL 28 PANG GUANG SHU Bladder Correspondence
Commentary Water is essential to life, when we doubt our survival, fear scatters our ability to function effectively.
The Bladder has enormous range and influence in the body and BL 28 addresses this directly. As with
all the Back-Shu points, this point provides a direct connection to the fu. It strengthens and regulates
the Bladder and helps it maintain its proper functioning of storing fluids and separating them through
qi transformation, excreting waste water appropriately. If waste water is not excreted as urine,
functioning at many levels will be thrown off. If the water of the Body/ Mind/Spirit is not pure or
well-regulated, thoughts and feelings can become stagnant, wary, suspicious and toxic. The Bladder
excretes but also stores and recirculates what is usable. It is concerned with both the volume and
quality of liquids as both aspects are essential for survival. This point expels Dampness from the
Bladder and Lower jiao and is used in retention of urine, cloudy urine and difficult urination. As it
promotes urination, it can be used to promote the expulsion of Damp Heat from the lower jiao.
Clears Heat and therefore can be used for burning on urination.
Strengthens the lower back, legs and knees, sacrum. Regulates, tonifies and harmonises the
Bladder. Opens the Water Passages in the lower jiao.
Promotes Urination. Resolves Damp. Clears Heat. Stops Pain. Eliminates Stagnation.
Strengthens the loins.
Indications Retention of urine, cloudy urine, difficult urination.

Itching of the genitals. Pain and burning on urination.
Lower back pain.

Point Name BL 29 ZHONG LU SHU Middle of the Backbone Correspondence
Central Backbone Shu Central Spine Hollow
Commentary Middle of the Backbone Correspondence is indicated for pain in the back and spine, particularly when
there is pain and stiffness in the muscles on both sides of the spine.
Benefits the low back.
Dispels Wind and Cold. Warms yang. Circulates the qi.
Indications Pain/stiffness of the low back.

Diarrhoea. Dysentery
Point Name BL 30 BAI HUAN SHU White Ring Correspondence White Ring Hollow
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point is mostly used for its local effects within the whole lower abdominal and sacral area.
It has an effect on the anus, uterus, genital area and sacrum.
Regulates menstruation and the uterus.
Local point for the low back.
Ellis, Wiseman and Boss explain that ‘white ring’ in Taoist metaphysics refers to the area of the body
where essence is stored’ and through which the Bladder meridian passes via this point and which also
connects with the anus. (Grasping The Wind 1989)
Indications Low back pain. Irregular menstruation.

Seminal emission. Haemorrhoids. Anal prolapse. Anal cramps and spasm.
Faecal incontinence. Painful defecation.
Point Name BL 31 SHANG LIAO Upper Sacral Bone Upper Crevice

Energetic Nature Crossing of Bladder and Gallbladder meridians
Commentary BL 31 to 34, the Sacral Bone points, have similar properties influencing the lower jiao. They tonify
the Kidney and benefit Essence and so tonify the whole body. Because they tonify the Kidney they
also strengthen and invigorate the lumbar region and knees when weakened through Kidney
deficiency. Like many of the sacral points they can be used in wasting conditions.
As the Kidneys rule the two lower orifices and these points stimulate the Kidney, they can be used for
difficult urination and elimination. They are sometimes moxa-ed to promote the warming and firming
functioning of the Kidney
Regulates the Lower jiao. Tonifies the lumbar region and knees.
Nourishes the Kidneys.
Important point to treat genital disorders, leucorrhoea, prolapse of the uterus, infertility. Impotence,
prostate problems. Expedites labour, and is used with BL 32 to induce labour.
Eases difficult elimination
Indications Weak knees. Weak low back, lumbar pain.

Prolapse of the uterus.
Impotence. Infertility.
Difficult elimination and urination.

Point Name BL 32 CI LIAO Second Sacral Bone Second Crevice Second Bone Hole
deficiency. Like many of the sacral points they can be used in wasting conditions.
As the Kidneys rule the two lower orifices and these points stimulate the Kidney, they can be used for
difficult urination and elimination. They are sometimes moxa-ed to promote the warming and firming
functioning of the Kidney.
Regulates and Invigorates the lower jiao.

Tonifies the lumbar region and knees. Eases difficult elimination.
Irregular Menstruation, for painful menstruation, expedites labour and promotes fertility.
Stimulates the ascending of qi in anal or uterine prolapse.
Indications Problems of urination, retention of urine. Difficult elimination. Diarrhoea.

Irregular menstruation with pain in the sacral area.
Impotence.
Expedites labour, and is used with BL 31 to induce labour.
Point Name BL 33 ZHONG LIAO Middle Sacral Bone Middle Crevice Central Bone Hole
Commentary BL 33 is useful for severe exhaustion when its effect of strengthening the Kidneys can support an
exhausted system. BL 33 has a more direct effect on the Bladder than the other Sacral bone points.
Crossing with the Gallbladder enhances its action, not only on the sacrum, but where there is
weakness of the legs and coldness of the sacrum and buttocks.
BL 31 to 34, the Sacral Bone points, have similar properties influencing the lower jiao. They tonify
deficiency. Like many of the sacral points they can be used in wasting conditions. As the Kidneys
rule the two lower orifices and these points stimulate the Kidney, they can be used for difficult
urination and elimination. They are sometimes moxa-ed to promote the warming and firming
functioning of the Kidney..
Regulates and invigorates the lower jiao. Tonifies the lumbar region and legs.
Eases difficult elimination, particularly effects the Bladder.
Regulates menstruation, for painful menstruation, orchitis.
Indications Exhaustion
Eases elimination, constipation, diarrhoea, pain on urination, hesitant urination.
Lumbar pain.

Point Name BL 34 XIA LIAO Lower Sacral Bone Lower Crevice Lower Bone Hole
Energetic Nature Crossing of the Bladder and Gallbladder meridians
deficiency. Like many of the sacral points they can be used in wasting conditions. As the Kidneys
rule the two lower orifices and these points stimulate the Kidney, they can be used for difficult
urination and elimination. They are sometimes moxa-ed to promote the warming and firming
functioning of the Kidney.
Regulates and Invigorates the lower jiao. Tonifies the lumbar region and legs.
Eases difficult elimination, particularly affects the Intestines.
Regulates Menstruation, for painful menstruation, orchitis, swelling and itching of the genitals, pain in
the lower abdomen and genitals.
Borborygmy, diarrhoea, blood or mucus in the bowel, vaginal discharge.
Sacral pain, lumbar pain affecting the buttocks, lateral aspect of the legs and testes.
Indications Lower abdominal pain. Genital pain and itching. Lumbar pain.
Point Name BL 35 HUI YANG Meeting of Yang
Energetic Nature Regulates the lower jiao
Commentary Possibly named for its close proximity to the Du mai, the predominately yang vessel of the body, this
is a strengthening point. It can be used with moxa to really warm when there is cold of the body, cold
lower back, impotence, cold lower jiao. It can also be used to tonify and brighten the Mind and Spirit,
quickening the consciousness with the effect of the yang Du mai on the brain and senses and
galvanizing the person into action from inertia.
Clears Heat. Transforms Damp Heat in the lower jiao.
Indications Brightens the Mind and Spirit.

Low back pain in menstruation.
Dysentery. Leuccorrhoea. Impotence. Haemorrhoids.
Pain in the coccyx. Pain in the leg and lumbar region.
Point Name BL 36 CHENG FU Receive and Support Receiving Support
Energetic Nature
Commentary Mostly used as a local point for backache with pain down the back of the leg, sciatica, sacral, gluteal
or coccyx pain. It strengthens the lower back and facilitates qi flow and so can be used for meridian
obstruction in the legs, paralysis, inhibited urination and defecation, and haemorrhoids.
Indications Sciatica. Paralysis of the leg.

Difficult urination and elimination. Haemorrhoids.

Point Name BL 37 YIN MEN Prosperous Gate Abundance Gate Huge Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary Frequently used for pain radiating down the back of the leg. Maciocia (1989) recommends the use of
a moxa stick. This point is often painful on palpation in sciatica or back pain affecting the sacrum.
Strengthens the lower back, invigorates the meridian, relaxes the sinews, relieves pain.
Indications Rigidity of the lumbar region. Inability to bend the back or lie prone.
Pain and stiffness of the hip, lower back, thigh.
Wasting of the lower limb. Lateral thigh pain and swelling. Paralysis of hip and knee muscles.
Point Name BL 38 FU XI Floating Reserve Superficial Cleft

Energetic Nature
Commentary Can assist in regulating the lower jiao. Clears the lower jiao.
Soothes the Sinews. Quickens the Blood. Eases pain.
Indications Cramp, constipation, cystitis, inability to urinate, burning urination.

Cramping in the Large Intestine.
Contraction of the tendons in the popliteal fossa.
Numbness of the buttocks and femoral regions.
Point Name BL 39 WEI YANG Equilibrium Yang Bend Yang Entrusting Yang
Energetic Nature Lower He-Sea point for the Lower Burner
Commentary As the lower He-Sea point of the Lower Burner, this point regulates the interconnected operations of
Triple Burner, Bladder and the Water passages. It Opens the Water passages in the lower jiao
enabling free passage for turbid fluid to be excreted. It influences the quality and quantity of fluids,
the qi transforming action of the Bladder as well as their regulation and distribution.
Stimulates the transformation and excretion of fluids in the lower jiao.

Benefits the Bladder, promotes urination, resolves Damp-Heat, eases pain.
Local point for stiffness around the knee.
Indications Stiffness and pain of the lumbar region, especially when pain travels into the abdomen.
Pain and Stiffness around the knee, leg and foot.
Constipation. Urinary tract infection. Epilepsy. Fever.
Accumulation of fluids in the lower burner.
Lower intestinal distention, difficult urination, oedema of the ankles, incontinence.

Point Name BL 40 WEI ZHONG Equilibrium Middle Bending Centre Entrusting Middle
Supporting Middle

He-Sea point
Commentary A major acupuncture point. Equilibrium Middle describes the effect of this point on the Mind and
Spirit. When fear is scattering and disorientating the person showing as nervousness, anxiety and
inability to settle, the steadier deeper energy of the He-Sea point together with the centering and
harmonising effect of Earth helps the person contain and compose themselves, and gather their
thoughts and senses. Earth within the Water brings stability.
As a yang He-Sea point on the lower limb it has a influence on its associated fu, the Bladder. Because
He-Sea points are situated where the command points end they are seen as being a transitional state
where external pathogens might enter more deeply into the body. He-Sea points present an
opportunity, if pathogens have entered this far, to dislodge and expel them. They are indicated for
diseases of the skin from pathogenic invasion. Because they are the most proximal of the
Transporting points, they affect the centre of the body, more than the far reaches of their meridian,
which is affected by more distal points like the Jing-Well points. The energy of He-Sea points is
slower, deeper and more stable than that of more distal points. He-Sea points can be used to
supplement/tonify qi as well.
BL 40 is able to clear Heat and resolve Damp from the Bladder. It is applicable in a range of urinary
problems, painful urination, cloudy urine, blood in the urine. This point also clears Heat from the
Blood and moves obstructions from the meridian and so is used for stasis of Blood in the legs. It
clears Summer-Heat and so is used when someone has suffered an acute attack of Heat leading to
delirium, rash or fever.
As a He-Sea point affecting the middle of the body, and a point which moves qi and thus eases pain in
the Bladder meridian, it is a frequently-used point for low back ache, chronic or acute; although more
frequently used in acute cases and when the ache is on one or both sides of the spine rather than on the
spine.
As a local point it is a useful point for many knee disorders. It relaxes the sinews, benefits joints and
removes obstructions from the Bladder meridian.
Indications Brings stability to Mind and Spirit.

Burning on Urination.
Lower back ache with inability to straighten.
Local point for knee pain.
Nosebleed. Eczema. Urticaria.
Relaxes the Sinews. Removes obstruction from the Channel.
Benefits the hips, lumbar and knees. Local point for the knee.

Point Name BL 41 FU FEN Near Division Attached Branch
Energetic Nature Crossing of Bladder and Small Intestine meridians (according to Ellis, Wiseman & Boss 1989)
Commentary Attached Branch, the alternative name for this point, indicates the lateral branch of the primary
meridian.
The crossing of the Bladder and Small Intestine and their association as Tai Yang gives this point an
extended area of influence over the upper back, neck and head and even down the arm to assist elbow
and upper arm problems. From its location and as a point on Tai Yang (the most superficial of the Six
Divisions of yin and yang), it is prone to invasion by Wind and can be needled to release Wind and
Cold. From its location, it strengthens the Upper jiao and is useful to treat pain or ache in the upper
back, ribs and neck. Use if the Triple Heater is failing to regulate the three jiao and in particular the
upper jiao is cold or weak from depletion. When the Triple Heater is struggling in its role of mediator
of the Officials, and communication is difficult, this point can be of assistance.
Invigorates the meridian. Eases pain. Expels Wind.
Indications Back, shoulder and neck pain.

Pain or numbness affecting the upper arm and elbow.
Expels Wind and Cold from the area.
Tonifies the Upper jiao.

Point Name BL 42 PO HU Soul Door Door of the Corporeal Soul Animal Soul Door
Energetic Nature
Commentary Located on a level with the Back-Shu point of the Lungs, Soul Door relates to the p’o, the Corporeal
Soul, the spirit of the Lungs, which is the most material aspect of the soul and responsible for the
automatic, rhythmic maintenance of life. Breathing, which happens without us consciously regulating
it, is an aspect of this, as is the awareness of sensations. The p’o is affected strongly by feelings of
grief and sadness, which constrain its natural movement, over-constricting the inspiration of qi,
diminishing Lung qi and the revitalisation of the Body, Mind and Spirit. The p’o associate with
essences and the descending movement - whether the descending of the Lung qi (cough, asthma) or
elimination or the exiting of the p’o at death.
Soul Door can profoundly influence both the spirit of the Metal and the Lung and serve to reconnect
the person with their instinctual and intuitive self, with what they value in life, with discovering the
preciousness and quality of their life. BL 42 can strengthen this aspect of the person, which may be
weakened through illness, exhaustion, deficient Lung qi, grief, oppression in the chest. Use when the
Spirit has lost its appreciation of life and needs inspiration. This point can revive the Spirit, opening
this Soul ‘Door’ to a fresh perception, and greater animation and feeling of connection with life.
Moxa to bring warmth and relaxation to Soul Door (unless there is severe Lung yin deficiency).
Tonifies and Harmonises Lung functioning.
Regulates qi. Stimulates the descending of Lung qi.
Clears Heat. Subdues rebellious qi.
This point can be used to regulate and send Lung qi downwards, used for cough and asthma.
Used locally to alleviate pain of the upper back and shoulders. It is often tender on pressure.
Indications Feeling disconnected. Oppression, grief and sadness.

Exhaustion involving the Lungs.
Descends Lung qi: stops cough, asthma.
Relieves pain the upper back and shoulders.
Point Name BL 43 GAO HUANG SHU Rich For The Vitals

Energetic Nature
Commentary A great tonic point for exhaustion, general deficiency, chronic illness. The region described by the
name Gao Huang is the space between the Heart and the diaphragm where chronic or incurable
disease is said to lodge. It is particularly indicated for moxa (up to 50 may be used) and no disease is
said to be beyond its reach. It tonifies the qi of the whole body and is said to affect the Kidney
Essence and Original qi, thus helping mental functioning, memory, stamina and the functioning of all
the organs. Being found at the level of the Heart and Heart Protector it has a relationship with the
Blood. It strengthens the Lungs. It enriches the Blood and qi and hence the vitality of the Body,
Mind and Spirit. It brings warmth to every level, as well as strength. A great point for the circulation
and for those who feel cold and shut off emotionally. Good for dispelling mental and physical
feebleness. When someone has little capacity for intimacy and humour because they are too depleted
or too vulnerable, Rich for the Vitals lifts the Spirit.
According to tradition, this point was popularised by the great medieval practitioner Hua Tuo, who
named it the “Chronic Illness” point.
Tonifies Lung, Heart, Kidneys, Spleen, Stomach and Pericardium.
Nourishes yin. Clears Heat. Calms the Spirit.
Enhances Kidney Essence, Original qi. Resolves Phlegm.
Indications For depletion and feebleness at every level. Chronic diseases, severe debilitation.
Cough, Asthma, Lung deficiency, exhaustion, poor memory, low sexual energy.
Stimulates mental functioning.
Problems of digestion. Shoulder pain. Dizziness.

Point Name BL 44 SHEN TANG Spirit Hall Mind Hall
Energetic Nature
Commentary Located on a level with BL 15 the Back-Shu point of the Heart. This point accesses the place where
the spirits of the Heart, the shen, reside. In health the shen radiate through our eyes, our complexion,
and in the condition of the Blood. Shen informs our intelligence, and our appropriate responses to
situations. Spirit Hall, where the spirit of the Heart may be approached, is mostly used when the Mind
and Spirit are disturbed by anxiety, deep lack of joy and loss of enthusiasm for life, insomnia, Blood
deficiency, heartbreak, and heart problems. If the person is left in a state of heart shock, defeated with
no protection, if the shen are disturbed, then this point can restore the role of overseeing and control to
the Heart, restore the calm necessary for the shen to reside in the Heart and encourage the person to
participate in and feel the richness of life. It clears the Mind and consciousness.
On a physical level it expands and relaxes the chest.

Invigorates the meridian and eases pain.
Indications Depression. Anxiety. Insomnia. Disorientation.

Cough. Asthma and breathing difficulties.
Local point for stiffness of the back
Point Name BL 45 YI XI “Yi Xi” Wail of Grief
Energetic Nature
Commentary The upholding strength of Du mai can be accessed here for those who are in despair. This point might
be used when someone feels a loss deeply but is unable to release it. This sense of oppression is often
experienced very physically in the chest and diaphragm, which feel weighed down, unable to breathe
out and relax, and the person may say they wish they could relieve the feeling through tears.
Conversely, when all the person does is actively grieve, Wail of Grief can be considered to help
restore balance. For those whose spirit is burdened with pain or heavy responsibility and whose
reserves are exhausted this point enables them to receive the strength that the Governor Vessel can
impart: mental, physical and spiritual uplift and backbone. Du mai with its strong yang nature and
resonance with the spirit leaves the person strengthened in spirit, able to hold themselves upright and
venture out into the world with renewed determination, rather than remain crushed and huddled in
themselves.
Numerous texts state that when BL 45 is palpated firmly the patient will put forth a “Yi Xi” sound.
This is the reason for the point name (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989).
Level with the Back-Shu point of the Governor Vessel, on a physical level it can help some of the
symptoms of Governor Vessel distress, dizziness, eye pain, nosebleeds.
Moves qi. Diffuses and Descends Lung qi

Invigorates the meridian. Nourishes Blood. Eases pain.
Expels Wind. Releases the Exterior. Clears Heat.
Indications Mental and spiritual exhaustion. Feeling defeated and crushed by life.
Cough, fevers.
Shoulder/scapula/chest/back pain.
Dizziness. Eye pain.
Headache.
.

Point Name BL 46 GE GUAN Diaphragm Border
Energetic Nature
Commentary Found level with the Hui-Gathering point of the Blood and being on the border of the territory of the
Heart, Bladder 46 can be appropriate when there is shen disturbance from Blood deficiency: shock,
fearfulness, fear of the cold, restless agitation at night or heartbreak. Moxa may be beneficial in such
instances.
Located on a level with BL 17 the Back-Shu point of the Diaphragm and the Hui-Gathering point of
the Blood this point acts to regulate the middle jiao and facilitate the movement of qi between the
middle and upper jiao. It helps restore the smooth flow of qi when irregular breathing patterns are
causing distress. Similarly it helps ease digestive problems, and rectify vomiting from rebellious qi.
Regulates the Diaphragm.

Benefits the middle jiao.
Activates the meridian and clears stagnation.
Indications Fears, shock, anxiety.

Spinal stiffness. Oppression in the chest. Stabbing pain in the chest.
Digestive problems, rebellious qi, hiccups.
Point Name BL 47 HUN MEN Spiritual Soul Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary Located level with the Back-Shu point of the Liver. This point is used for deep imbalance and
disturbance related to the Liver, depression, resentment and anger. Use when the Liver has become
uprooted, lost vision or been thwarted in its path. By rooting the Ethereal Soul, the spirit aspect of the
Liver, it allows the person to direct their life, and activate all the aspects of the role of the Liver
necessary for growth, planning and structure and hope. Spiritual Soul Gate is an energetically
dynamic point, which can stir and regenerate the spirit of the Liver, the hun, which are attracted to
Heaven. The ability to push thought to its limit and benevolence are all influenced by this point. The
hun influence our ability to imagine and plan. Spiritual Soul Gate can help steady the person who
flounders around with no sense of direction in life, whose General of the Armed Forces (Liver
Official) is not in control.
The natural movement of the Liver is to thrust upward and outwards, depression and resignation in the
Liver are contrary to this and can be experienced as intense, interior and isolating. BL 47 activates the
zang/organ and can clear toxicity, and move stagnation of qi.
By rooting the Ethereal Soul, the hun, it can help those who suffer with vague feelings of fear at night
or who have a sense of leaving their body just as they fall asleep.
Reaching to the root and depths of the Liver, it activates and cleanses the Liver physically and
mentally from grudges, despair and bitterness.
Regulates Liver qi. Roots the Ethereal Soul.
Harmonises the middle jiao. Benefits the Sinews.
Indications Depression, frustration, resentment, resignation.

Feeling of unease at night. Loss of direction.
Oppression in the chest.
Pain and stiffness in the lateral aspects of the body.

Point Name BL 48 YANG GANG Yang Net Yang Headrope
Energetic Nature
Commentary Level with the Back-Shu point of the Gallbladder. Yang Net reminds us of the Gallbladder’s role as
an extraordinary fu, it is the fu of what is clear. The Gallbladder is the Upright Official of Decision
Making and Judgment. It delights in what is just, exact, clear and precise. The Gallbladder takes
decisive steps to act on plans or not, and to act without hesitation. This is necessary for life to sustain
and progress, otherwise stagnation, lack of coordination and decay occur. When the Gallbladder
Official is out of balance, beginnings are hard for all the other officials as well. To decide requires
courage and if Gallbladder qi is deficient a person may be said to be ‘small Gallbladder’ which
implies they are timid.
Yang Net restores the qi and movement proper to the Gallbladder to overcome hesitancy and forge a
path in the correct direction. The Gallbladder needs inner tranquility, steadiness and purity to function
appropriately.
Effective for Gallbladder symptoms.

Clears the Gallbladder. Transforms Damp-Heat.
Harmonises the middle jiao.
Indications Indecision, hesitation, lack of clear mental functioning and vision.

Abdominal pain or spasm, lateral costal pain.
Jaundice, yellow eyes, Heat. Irregular defecation, digestive disorders
Point Name BL 49 YI SHE Thought Dwelling Thought Shelter Intelligence Lodge
Energetic Nature
Commentary Thought Dwelling particularly tonifies the Mind and Spirit of the Spleen: memory, concentration and
the capacity for study. It can be used for obsessive thought, feebleness in mental processing,
stagnation and lack of penetrative thinking. Yi She can activate aspects of Spleen functioning to
reinvigorate thought. Kaptchuk talks of the yi as the “Consciousness of Possibilities”, the highest,
transformative aspect of thought. The Spleen, when well, allows us to understand, grasp and work
sequentially along a passage of thought. From deep thought comes knowing. Thought Dwelling
penetrates this deep level of the working of the Spleen. Consider when the mind is stuck in a groove
unable to deliver nourishment or thought to the next level.
When the Spleen is imbalanced, transportation from the mind and spirit, from the centre of the person,
to the exterior can become stuck and lumpen, or conversely the person may not be able to hold to their
own centre and ideas.
A wonderfully revitalising point for Earth.
Regulates and Tonifies Spleen and Spleen.
Stimulates memory and concentration (Maciocia 1989)
Clears Damp-Heat.
Indications For all aspects of thinking, from obsessive thought to weak concentration. For mental rigidity or no
sense of centre.
Strong urine with yellow face.
Vomiting, diarrhoea. Abdominal distention. Lack of appetite.
Back pain.
Aversion to Cold and Wind.

Point Name BL 50 WEI CANG Stomach Granary
Energetic Nature
Commentary In the same way that BL 49 assists the functioning of the Spleen, Wei Cang regulates and tonifies the
processes of the Stomach. These two officials work so closely together it is common to combine both
points. Cang translates as ‘granary, storehouse, warehouse’ (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989) and this
point can act like a storehouse, a resource, to nourish and tonify the Official who Rots and Ripens. If
this Official is out of balance then receiving and processing food, ideas, or feelings can be problematic.
Being unable to take in, rot and ripen food for the Body or Mind can leave one impoverished in Body,
Mind and Spirit. Physical or mental over-processing, or lack of processing can lead to nausea,
vomiting, bloating, stagnation in the Stomach and inability to release a thought into action, form or
resolution. As the Sea of Liquids and Cereals the Stomach must receive, rot and ripen and store the
nourishment for all the zang/fu before the Small Intestine’s role of assimilation and the Spleen’s role
of transformation and transportation can occur. Without this happening successfully there will be
tiredness, coldness and depletion and the body will not be renewed. The power of the Earth is
decrease and the descending impulse of the Stomach encourages not only the next stage in digestion
but aids elimination of waste, and of old ideas. This cang, or storehouse can help those who cannot
extract and hold onto a sense of richness from their life. From function and location it helps to
harmonise the middle jiao.
Tonifies and harmonises the Stomach and Spleen.
Harmonises the middle jiao.
Indications Grants ability to appreciate one’s life.

Abdominal fullness.
Distended abdomen. Oedema.
Aversion to Cold. Back pain.
Infantile indigestion and malabsorption.
Point Name BL 51 HUANG MEN Diaphragm Gate of Vitality Vitals Door
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point promotes harmonious exchange. Level with the Back-shu point of Three Heater and Du 5
Suspended Pivot. Maciocia (1989) reminds us that one of the functions of the Three Heater is to act
as an ‘ambassador’ or ‘avenue’ through which the Original qi moves from the Kidneys and spreads to
the zang and twelve meridians. In this way it acts as a matrix for the smooth operation of all the
Officials and is essential to our vitality. Huang Men is a great point to use when the spirit of Three
Heater is out of sorts, worn down or depleted.
The Three Heater also ensures the smooth distribution of qi in the region of the Heart and the
Diaphragm. This ‘gate’ allows one to access this area and revitalize the qi. This is an area where
chronic disease lodges and it is frequently indicated when there is exhaustion, disparity in temperature
and functioning between the three jiao, fatigue, erratic changes in emotional or physical ‘temperature’
and so in communication between people.
This point is indicated for tightness below the heart and diseases of the breast in women.
Regulates the Three Heater.
Ensures the smooth spread of the Three Heater qi to the Heart region.
Disperses Stagnation.
Indications Lack of Joy. Chronic illness. Exhaustion.

‘Blowing hot and cold’ emotionally and physically.
Tightness below the Heart. Breast problems in women.
Epigastric pain, lumps.

Point Name BL 52 ZHI SHI Ambition Room Will Chamber Will Power Room
Energetic Nature
Commentary Level with the Back-Shu point of the Kidney. This point strengthens the function of the Kidney and
its areas of responsibility. Strengthening the Kidney, it also enhances the functioning of its Mind and
Spirit. If fear, fright or exhaustion have deeply depleted the Kidney there may be depression with no
Will to recover, and the natural ever-onward impulse of the Kidney is lost. Ambition Room is
appropriate when fear is holding someone back from carrying out their ambition, or conversely, to
contain the relentless ruthlessness of unbound aspiration. If someone has forgotten they even had a
dream, Ambition Room can spark the remembrance of aspiration for them. BL 52 can regenerate the
Body, Mind and Spirit for someone who needs the refreshment that sparkling Water can impart, who
needs to rediscover a sense of determination. The Water element is about endurance, survival,
wisdom. When these qualities are lacking, when it is as easy for the person to give up as to carry on,
this can be a great point to reawaken the urge to continue and see through the authentic destiny of
one’s life.
It can be used to 'firm’ Kidney qi where there is incontinence and strengthen the low back, which is
under the domain of the Kidney (the point will often be tender on palpation in low back ache).
Strengthens the lumbar area. Regulates the Water pathways.
Indications Depression with no will to recover.

Lumbar pain and stiffness, pain and swelling of the genitals.
Impotence, premature ejaculation, infertility.
Incontinence of urine.
Point Name BL 53 BAO HUANG Womb and Heart Diaphragm Bladder Vitals
Energetic Nature
Commentary Bao Huang is mostly used for urinary problems as it stimulates the transformation of fluids and
excretion of waste fluids in the lower jiao. (See BL 51) It is the level with the back-shu point of the
Bladder. If BL 51 controls the spread of qi in the upper jiao, BL 53 controls the spread of qi in the
lower jiao. The integration and communication of qi through these areas is vital to the well being of a
person, if this has been disrupted through illness or emotional distress, and the areas of the Heart and
the lower jiao are no longer in connection, there is a loss of steadiness, and the person may become
riddled with anxiety and fears.
This point is useful for those having difficulty conceiving, as it not only helps the spread of qi
between the lower and middle jiao but it has a strong tonifying effect on the uterus and pelvic area.
It strengthens the lumbar area and tonifies the supportive, cleansing and excretory power of the
Bladder at all levels of the Body, Mind and Spirit.
Opens the Water passages in the lower jiao.
Indications Anxiety, fears, mental anguish.

Retention of urine, hesitant urination, burning on urination, oedema.
Strengthens the lumbar spine, sciatica, stiffness.
Frees the lower jiao spasm of the rectus abdominus.
Abdominal distention, constipation, orchitis.
Inability to conceive.

Point Name BL 54 ZHI BIAN Orderly Frontier Sequential Limit Lowermost Edge
Energetic Nature
Commentary Very useful local point to affect lower back ache which involves the buttocks and/or legs. It can also
affect the hips. It is often tender on palpation and can be very effective whether needled or treated
with moxa stick.
From its location and action on the meridian it can stimulate urinary functioning and ease defecation.
Activates the meridian. Strengthens Kidney qi. Moves stagnation.
Strengthens the low back and knees.
Resolves Damp-Heat Regulates urination.
Local point for haemorrhoids.
Indications Hip, buttocks and/or lower back pain. Sciatica.

Haemorrhoids. Difficult urination. Genital pain /swelling.
Point Name BL 55 HE YANG Uniting Yang Yang Union
Energetic Nature
Commentary Most of the functions of this point can be explained by its location and the pathway of the Bladder
meridian. Some texts also say it helps regulate the Extraordinary vessels Chong mai and Ren mai
which enhances its effect on the genital and abdominal area.
Activates the meridian.

Regulates Chong and Ren mai.
Eases pain.
Stops uterine bleeding. Treats genital pain.
Indications Lumbar pain. Pain, heaviness of the knee. Pain and paralysis of the lower leg.
Genital pain.
Point Name BL 56 CHENG JIN Supporting muscles Sinew Support
Energetic Nature
Commentary A strengthening point. In a state of health, muscles have finely balanced qualities of flexibility, power
and stability. Locally it relaxes the gastrocnemius and the tendons of the lower leg and knee.
Invigorates the meridian. Removes obstructions from the meridian.
Used as a distal point for lower back ache and sciatica.

Empirical point for treatment of haemorrhoids, the Divergent meridian of the Bladder ‘detours into the
anal region’ (Jing Luo, CTA)
As a distal point it will affect the opposite end of the meridian, and is therefore used for headaches,
nosebleeds.
Indications Low back ache especially with tightness. Sciatica.

Cramping of the gastrocnemius.
Pain and spasm in the lower leg. Heel pain. Headaches. Dizziness.

Point Name BL 57 CHENG SHAN Supporting Mountain Mountain Support
Energetic Nature One of Ma Danyang’s Twelve points Shining Bright as the Starry Sky
Commentary From its location and function Supporting Mountain can be a place where stagnation and tension
gathers, it is a great point to free the qi.
It relaxes the sinews and activates the meridian and clears obstructions. Use as a distal point for the
lower back, or sciatica, and when the person can find no way to be comfortable for any length of time
with their backache.
Eases pain. Benefits the lower leg, particularly good for cramp and a tense gastrocnemius muscle, and
foot and heel pain.
Invigorates Blood.
Clears Heat.
Treats haemorrhoids.
Maciocia (1989) says it invigorates the Blood and can be used for menstrual pain from Blood stasis,
when cramping derives from Blood deficiency Supporting Mountain may help, given its freeing and
activating properties and use as a distal point.
Indications Menstrual pain. Haemorrhoids. Difficulty in defecation. Rectal prolapse.

Pain and stiffness of the lumbar region.
Cramping of the lower leg. Heel and sole pain.
Point Name BL 58 FEI YANG Fly and Scatter Flying Up Taking Flight
Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting /Junction point
Commentary Fly and Scatter is evocative of the effect of fear on the Mind and Spirit. Fear can cause one to run and
be unable to coordinate one’s thoughts. Sometimes fear strikes us stock still, unable to move but our
consciousness isn’t centred just because we are still, it has fled, Mind and Body are no longer
communicating. In the I Ching it talks of ‘thunder startling for a hundred miles, but one does not lose
spoon and wine’ (Cleary 1986). This is the ideal, that we retain our composure even in chaos, that the
deep know-how of the Kidney is not dispersed by an agitated response. Fei Yang, as luo-junction
point keeps Bladder and Kidney communicating harmoniously and gathers one’s yang qi to this
steadying point, away from the head, so we can regain our centre and respond in a focused and
appropriate way.
As a luo-junction point between Bladder and Kidney it tonifies the Kidney and harmonises the
relationship between the pairing. As a point for the Bladder it brings refreshment and purification to
the Mind and Spirit. These yang attributes are indicated in the name.
It can also affect symptoms at the opposite end of the meridian, in the head. It is able to do this both
as a distal point and as part of Tai Yang. Tai Yang is often invaded by Wind affecting the upper part
of the body in particular. In the head the Bladder meridian crosses the Governor Vessel and this
meetings of meridians can explain Fei Yang’s effect of clearing Wind, for symptoms such as epilepsy
and mania. The name Fly and Scatter illustrates the effects of Wind. Mentally as well as physically
the point can have the effect of bringing the person together, gathered not scattered.
Removes obstructions from the meridian. Strengthens the Kidney. Haemorrhoids.
Expels Wind. Used as a distal point in sciatica and low backache.
Indications When Mind and Spirit are scattered from sudden or ongoing fear. Patterns of thought and behaviour
are disjointed. Inappropriately jumpy responses to imagined or real stimuli.
Sciatica, especially when the pain goes between Gallbladder and Bladder pathways.
Low back ache. Haemorrhoids.
Epilepsy, dizziness. Headache and blurred vision/eye pain, occipital headache, rhinitis.

Point Name BL 59 FU YANG Foot Bone Yang Instep Yang
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft /Accumulation point of the Yang Qiao mai/ Heel Vessel
Commentary Foot Bone Yang regulates qi and removes obstructions from the meridian. As the accumulation point,
where Blood and qi gather it nourishes, invigorates and tonifies the Yang Qiao mai. This point
strengthens the muscles and makes movement easier. All xi-Cleft points are useful for invigorating or
dispersing pain or obstruction along the particular channel on which they are found and are much used
in acute conditions. Being the xi-Cleft/accumulation point of the Yang Qiao mai, which is about
mobility, being able to stand and move with vigour and precision, and the ability to raise one’s legs up,
explains its effect of increasing range of movement. This connection with Yang Qiao mai is why BL
59 affects the side of the leg, including the muscle tone; and can absorb excess yang qi and Wind from
the head. Hence the use of this point for facial paralysis and seizures. It can also release the exterior
and expel pathogenic factors.
BL 59 is a frequently used distal point for lower backache, especially chronic backache, with
weakness of the leg and foot.
The connection with the Yang Qiao mai and indirectly with its partner vessel the Yin Qiao mai helps
explain why it is not only a great point for detoxifying Body, Mind and Spirit through its ability to
absorb excess yang from the head and release the exterior, but the Yin/Yang Qiao mai pairing also
have a role to play in balancing yin/yang throughout the body and help to re-establish the natural
rhythms and cycles in the person. This yang influence brings cleansing to all parts of the Body, Mind
and Spirit, whether excreting putrid body fluids- perspiration and urine- at the level of the body, or
helping cleanse the Mind and Spirit of the distrust, suspicion and paranoia that can occur when the
Bladder becomes contaminated. When, instead of seeing the wonder of life, all a person can see is
dinginess and threat, BL 59 can help balance this experience.
Strengthens the Back.
Indications Toxicity of Body, Mind and Spirit.

Heavy head, headache.
Lower back pain, inability to stand, inability to raise the leg, cramping of the lower leg, paralysis of
the lower limbs.
Dizziness, nasal congestion, neuralgia, facial paralysis.
Empirical point for Food poisoning and detoxification (Worsley 1982)

Point Name BL 60 KUN LUN Kun Lun Mountain

Jing-River point
Commentary Kun Lun as the Fire point on a Water meridian can help regulate the Fire aspect of the Bladder. As
with every other official in order to be able to carry out its responsibilities the Bladder needs to have
sufficient purity, vitality and an equable temperature. Too sluggish and hot can render the Bladder
dried up and toxic. Cold not only makes one physically cold but also tense and contracted,
communication can become staccato, intense or withdrawn. If the person lacks the yang energy of
Fire to do anything but stagnate and sink into despair, here you can bring the vitality, expansiveness,
and illumination of Fire, to purify and brighten their outlook. Fire is about purification, if this
combines with the cleansing power of Water— the illumination and maturity of Fire mingling with
the wisdom of Water, it is a powerful combination for the Mind and Spirit, bringing development and
insight. The point is named for the similarity of the exterior malleolus, near where it is located, to the
appearance of a mountain (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989)
As a distal point on the Bladder meridian it can affect the opposite end, the head, to clear symptoms
there. Frequently used as a distal point for backache, particularly chronic deficiency-type backache.
As a partner meridian of Tai Yang, the areas it can affect are the back, shoulders, neck and occiput.
Tai Yang can expel Wind, thereby easing stiffness, headaches and internal wind convulsions. Its
effect on the occiput eases Kidney deficiency-type headaches.
It moves the Blood so can help with painful periods from Blood stasis.
As the Fire point it can also clear Heat and pull down yang. Clears internal Heat from the Bladder and
so helps with painful burning urination.
Promotes labour due to its ability to descend yang.
As a Jing-River point it can ease oppression and fullness of the chest, breathing difficulties and cough.
Clears Heat. Expels Wind.
Activates and removes obstructions from the meridian. Eases pain. Relaxes the sinews.
Strengthens the back. Invigorates Blood.
Indications Depression, loss of sparkle and vitality.

Childhood convulsions, epilepsy, madness.
Headache. Sensation of heat in the head, occipital headache. Redness and pain of the eye. Rhinitis
with nosebleed.
Local point for ankle and heel swelling or pain. Low backache, unable to move without discomfort,
Cough and breathing difficulties.
Point Name BL 61 PU CAN Servant’s Aide
Energetic Nature Crossing of Bladder with Yang Qiao mai

Commentary Servant’s Aide refers to the Yang Qiao mai crossing with the Bladder, and putting itself at the service
of the Bladder (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989). It has some of the same effects as BL 59, of
increasing range of movement, affecting the head, activating the meridian and increasing movement
and agility. It can help the Mind and Spirit to move through the paralysis of fear. When fear freezes
thought and action, or fearfulness has become the automatic response to any situation, threatening or
not, this point can ease this level of habitual tension and counter fear with reflective thought. This
habituated response in itself exhausts the Body, Mind and Spirit leaving the person feeling as though
they continually run on empty.
Relaxes the Sinews. Strengthens the Lower back. Dispels Wind.
Indications Overwrought, exhaustion, tension.

Pain in the heel, paralysis of calf and foot.
Low back pain.
Seizures Epilepsy. Heavy head.

Point Name BL 62 SHEN MAI Extended Meridian Extending Vessel
Energetic Nature Opening point of the Yang Qiao mai

One of the Thirteen Ghost points of Sun Si-miao
Commentary The Yang Qiao mai flows along the lateral aspect of the body bringing yang energy to the eye and
thus can be said to benefit the eyes. BL 62 can be used with KI 6 (the Opening point of the Yin Qiao
mai) for insomnia.
Because of its connection with the Yang Qiao mai, which is about agility of movement as well as the
regulation and integration of yang, it can affect the back, the lateral aspects of the body as well as the
brain and head. Bl 62 is said to affect the endocrine system, probably through its connection with
Yang Qiao mai, BL 1 and BL 62 are a common combination to affect the endocrine system.
BL 62, through its association with Yang Qiao mai and as a point of Tai Yang, is used to expel Wind,
Heat, and so clears chills and fever, stiff neck and headache and can also subdue interior Wind.
The Bladder divergent channel travels through the region of the Heart and BL 62 is indicated when
Heat or Wind disturb the shen, manifesting as manic depression, mania, or epilepsy. The ability of
BL 62 to affect these indications of shen disturbance may have led to it being included as a ghost
point.
As a distal point it can clear Heat and fullness in the Head.

Opens the Yang Qiao mai. Benefits the Eyes. Relaxes the Sinews and the lateral aspect of the body.
Clears Fire and Heat. Dispels Wind and Cold.
Calms the Spirit, clears the Mind.
Removes obstructions from the meridian.
Indications Mania and depression.

Insomnia, somnolence. Fatigue, dizziness, headache, neck stiffness. Red painful and swollen eyes.
Tinnitus.
Pain of the lower back, heel and leg. Inability to stretch upwards.
Chills and fever.
Hemiplegia. Deviation of the eye and mouth. Daytime epilepsy

Point Name BL 63 JIN MEN Golden Gate Metal Gate
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft /Accumulation point of the Bladder

Crossing point of the Bladder with the Yang Wei mai
Commentary As a xi-Cleft point where qi and Blood gathers, this ‘gate’ can be used to tonify and invigorate when
the Bladder qi has become torpid, and dull, or erratic and overflowing. When the Water element is
out of balance, its associated emotion of fear is betrayed in the body by either inappropriate stillness
or excessive movement. Golden Gate can help regulate and balance the Bladder and ease these
extremes. As a gate, it encourages qi to move through from one place to another in an orderly way,
and lubricates this transition. Golden Gate is not only an accumulation point on the Bladder, but a
crossing point with the Yang Wei mai and this accounts for its ability to help regulate, contain or
reinforce the movement of qi in the Bladder meridian. The Yang wei mai and Yin Wei mai act closely
together to keep yin and yang connected and regulated between Heaven and Earth.
This is a ‘Golden Gate’ which implies the quality and richness that can be experienced with the action
of this point. Golden Gate or Metal Gate is not directly linked with the Metal element but ‘Golden’
indicates that potentially the transition of this Gate can reconnect one with fresh inspiration and
purpose, as well as reminding one of the control and direction given by Metal in the controlling of the
water passages.
This can be a powerful point for the Mind and Spirit. If Water has lost its purity and quality then it
loses its ability to refresh the Mind and Spirit. If there is anxiety from fear of not having enough in
reserve, then this gate gives access to what is here, an accumulation, an abundance of qi.
channel on which they are found and are much used in acute conditions, and in this instance, it is
frequently used to stop pain in the Bladder, and painful or burning urination.
BL 63 is often needled as a distal point affecting the head or as a local point affecting the Sinews.
Subdues Wind. Clears Heat.

Relaxes the Sinews. Activates the channel.
Eases pain. S trengthens the low back. Brightens the Spirit.
Indications Powerful point to refresh the Mind and Spirit, to dispel sluggishness and gloom.
Invigorates and calms the Spirit.
Pain or burning on urination. Toothache.
Fright. Loss of consciousness. Epilepsy
Acute illness affecting the Bladder.
Lumbar pain. Knee pain. Painful obstruction of the calf and foot.

Point Name BL 64 JING GU Capital Bone Head of Fifth Metatarsal Bone Central Bone
Starting Point
Commentary As the Yuan -Source point this is a great point to harmonise and revitalise the Bladder. It will bring to
the Bladder the Original qi, accessed at Yuan-Source points, with all its strengthening and balancing
effects. A great point to steady and reassure the person by connecting them back to their fundamental
qi, it will soothe and root them. When fear has started to mount, and agitation, suspicion or mental
rigidity is growing, this point will balance the person and settle the Spirit, enabling them to soften and
relax and reassemble as necessary. Jing Gu can allow the person to catch their breath and luxuriate
for a moment, connected to this deep aspect of the qi. This balancing effect also helps to clear the
brain so thought and behaviour regain fluidity and integration.
As the Yuan-Source point, it will regulate the functioning of the Bladder allowing this Official which
“Removes Water by Qi Transformation” to fulfill its many responsibilities, including holding our
reserves for us and acting as the archivist storing the collective memory of the officials.
As a distal point on the Bladder meridian it will affect the head, clearing mental stagnation, heaviness,
or heat, hence it helps nosebleeds, and headaches.
From the Bladder pathway the eyes can be affected and cleared.
Strengthens the back.
Clears Heat from the Bladder and is used for burning sensation on urination.
Clears Wind and is used for epilepsy.
Harmonises and tonifies the Bladder. Relaxes the Sinews
Indications Calms the Spirit. Revitalises and harmonises the Bladder official.
Epilepsy. Seizures. Heavy head. Painful head. Heat in the head. Dizziness and shaking of head.
Low back ache. Burning on urination. Cold in the legs or feet. Alternating fever and chills.
Nosebleed, redness of the inner canthus. Stiff neck.

Point Name BL 65 SHU GU Bone Binder Binding Bone

Shu Stream point
Sedation point
First Aid point for fractures
Commentary Water rules the Bones, as the Wood point in Water this point assists growth and is frequently used to
promote the healing of bones. As the Wood point on a Water meridian, it can adjust imbalance when
there is drive but no vision, Will/zhi but no plans, seed but no growth or hope. Water may be our deep
origins but Wood permits us to begin things and move upwards and out in all directions so we flourish
in the development of our life. When despair and loss of faith in the processes of life has temporarily
overwhelmed the Bladder Official, this point can help move the person to a new state.
As a distal point and Wood point, and remembering the beginning of the pathway of the Bladder
meridian, BL 65 can affect the eyes and head, clearing redness and pain, headache, stiff neck.
As the Shu-Stream point it is able to harmonise the interior and exterior and balance deficiency and
excess. It is a helpful point in enabling and regulating the qi transformation that the Bladder Official
effects at every level of Body, Mind and Spirit, so our qi remains free from stagnation, mental oedema
and clouding of the Spirit.
It can be used for any problems along the Bladder pathway as Shu-Stream points are indicated for Bi
syndrome, e.g. lumbar pain. Shu-Stream points are indicated when there is heaviness and or pain of
limbs.
Resolves fever and subdues Interior Wind, so helps with epilepsy.

Clears Heat from the Bladder and is useful for cystitis.
Treats haemorrhoids via the divergent pathway of the Bladder.
First Aid point for Poisoning, burns, sunburn, scalds, insect bites.
Clears the head. Clears the eyes.
Clears Heat. Dispels Wind.
Activates the meridian. Removes obstructions from the pathway.
Indications Broken bones.

Inactivity and stagnation, lack of hope.
Sore, painful eyes, headache, neck pain.
Clears Wind and Heat from the head so assists with fevers. Pain on urination.
Clears Wind early in a cold with stiff neck.

Point Name BL 66 TONG GU Penetrating Valley Passing Valley Open End Valley
Foot Connecting Passage

Horary point (1500 – 1700)
Ying-Spring point
Commentary As the Water point on a Water meridian, Tong Gu captures the essence of Water and can be used
when there is fear, lack of Will, or sore joints, as well as to calm and reassure the spirit of Water that it
will endure. Used as the Horary point, you can gain the maximum effect when reserves and the
quality of Water need to be called upon. The constant vigilance of the Bladder official, especially
when out of balance and prone to agitation, dread or exaggeration, can be exhausting for Body, Mind
and Spirit. Penetrating Valley promises the quiet purposeful calm of the Bladder official taking a
moment of repose and refreshment before continuing its journey. KI 10, Yin Valley, shares a similar
quality. Valleys have a protected feel, and the way is already formed so excessive effort is not
required.
When the qi has become chaotic, it may become rebellious: this point “sinks” the qi to restore the
correct movement of qi in the body. Here the dynamic warrior aspect of Water can ease into a more
yin quiet contemplative mode. It deeply refreshes, soothes and cleanses the spirit of the Bladder.
As a Ying-Spring point it will clear Heat from the Bladder, this effect is enhanced as the Water point
on a Water meridian.
As a Ying-Spring point it is a dynamic point that will move qi through the meridian and clear
obstructions, ease painful joints and clear Heat from the skin.
Use in the early stages of Wind-Heat with fever, stiff neck and headache.
Clears Heat and yang from the head. Removes obstruction from the meridian. Eliminates Wind.
Indications Resolves and pacifies fright, insanity, fear.

Refreshes the Mind and Spirit.
Burning on urination. Fever, stiff neck, headache.

Point Name BL 67 ZHI YIN Extremity of Yin Reaching Yin

Jing -Well point
Tonification point
Commentary Here the long pathway of the Bladder arrives at its final point. From here it goes on to ‘reach’ the yin,
the bottom most part of this pathway and then on to the yin Kidney meridian. Metal within Water
contributes to the good maintenance of natural rhythms and processes within us, whether changing the
polarity of the meridian as it reaches its extremity, turning a breech baby or keeping the correct
rhythm in water removal from our system.
As the tonification point, it makes the mother-child connection along the sheng cycle bringing
nourishment, reassurance, security and quality to the Bladder.
Metal within Water assists with the purity and quality of Water, contributing sparkling clarity. It
assists the Mind and Spirit in transforming the experiences of life into those aspects to value, archive
and draw from, and those to eliminate. Without the correct balance of Metal within Water, Water
becomes impoverished, has less ability to refresh the Body, Mind and Spirit and contributes to a
tarnished outlook.
As a Jing-Well point, it can have the effect of dynamically changing the qi and mood of a person. If
Water is sluggish, has no purpose in life, has lost momentum, power and quality this point can really
energise and make the person wake up.
As a Jing-Well point it has strong releasing properties, which may well account for its success in
difficult labour. It is also used in pregnancy with moxa to turn a breech baby.
As a distal and Jing-Well point it will clear pathogens, headache on the top of the head as well as on
the occiput, heaviness and Heat from the head and the orifices.
Distal point for urinary problems.
Indications Uninspired perspective, loss of natural rhythms.

Vertex/occipital headache, heavy head. Neck pain, eye pain, redness, blurred vision.
Tinnitus, loss of hearing.
Difficulties in labour, breech positioning, retention of the placenta.
Problems of urination.

The Kidney
Meridian
Point Name KI 1 YONG QUAN Bubbling Spring Gushing Spring Earth Surge

Jing-Well point
Sedation point
One of the Nine Needles for returning yang
Commentary The Kidney official – the Controller of Fluids – is responsible for the creation of power in our life. It
is our powerhouse. The Kidney is the root of qi, it has a twofold movement, down into the depths of
life, and that of distributing vitality to all the officials throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit. The
Kidney stores our jing/essence, which governs birth, growth, reproduction and development. It
engenders bones and marrow without which we could not be upright or concentrate, remember or
reflect. Ability and cleverness are said to stem from the Kidney. The zhi or Will is the spirit of the
Kidney and grants us the virtue of wisdom, of abiding in faith, endurance, of ambition and the
overcoming of obstacles. The Kidney continually manifests the hidden source of life, unceasingly,
without stopping. In this way its nature can be relentless as it finds its way over and around every
obstacle.
The journey of the Kidney meridian starts close to the ground. The Kidney is the root of yin/yang
and the meridian starts in a very yin place in contact with the ‘earth’. It is a Wood point, which
gives the point its power to ascend the qi and restore consciousness. So symbolically from the
lowest point, which Water will always find, from the yin depths comes this outpouring of vitality in
Bubbling Spring. Resonant in this point are some of the responsibilities of Water: fortitude,
growth and development.
From here, the pathway will ascend, connecting via its deep pathway with the Bladder, Kidneys,
Liver, Lung, Heart, diaphragm, spine, throat, and tongue before the superficial pathway ends below
the clavicle. A spring brings life, vitality, cleansing, its movement invigorates, replenishes and
quenches thirst and fear, and brings calm. This Water is life enhancing for Body, Mind and Spirit.
It can sluice out and cleanse toxins, move qi, shake inertia and gloom. It is rare for Kidney qi to be
excess, far more common is that it is deficient and its yin rooting lubricating qualities are
diminished. This is why symptomatology such as Heat and Wind so often affect the head.
Deficient Water can be enslaved by the upward movement of Wood, creating outburst of anxious
anger, headaches and stiffness in the bones. This point descends the qi and counters this tendency.
Being the Wood point on the Water meridian, it is used for problems of fertility, when growth is
not happening within the medium of life, when the ability held by the Kidney to create another life
is not being activated. Wood qi helps put into action the Will of the Kidneys, and so Bubbling
Spring can be a good point when someone lacks the strength and stamina that they need to take
action. As a Jing-Well point it clears Heat and Wind and restores consciousness.
As a Jing-Well point it can have a strong effect on the mood of the person and induce calm when
there is severe anxiety, hysteria, or mania. As a distal point on the sole of the foot it also sinks
energy and so will tend to have a clearing and grounding effect, clearing the head and descending
rebellious qi. As it tonifies yin it is used when extreme yin deficiency causes a division between
the Kidneys and Heart and Kidney Essence fails to be the basis for and support to the spirits. This
point can calm and nourish the Heart and provide a stabilising influence. This axis of Water and
Fire is a crucial dynamic and must be maintained for vitality and harmonious existence of the spirit.
The Kidney and Heart are partners in Shao Yin of the Six Divisions. When they are in good
relation, jing/shen, therein lies the potential for a human being to live their life at the highest level.
Indications Calms the Mind. Restores Consciousness. Clears the Brain.

Tonifies the Kidneys and Kidney essence. Oedema. Infertility. Insomnia.
Surges of anger or hysteria, agitation, anxiety.
Clears Heat. Subdues Wind.
Sensation of heat in the soles, painful toes.
Back pain, abdominal distention, Kidney pain, poor memory.
Epilepsy, headache, dizziness.

Point Name KI 2 RAN GU Blazing Valley Blazing Bone Dragon in the Abyss

Ying-Spring point
Commentary All the names for KI 2, Blazing Valley, Blazing Bone, Dragon in the Abyss indicate vitality or light
and heat. Water without Fire is dark, inert and cold. Water is transformed by the action of Fire,
without it Water retreats, becomes prey to anxiety, or drives itself on relentlessly, forgetting propriety
and appropriate behaviour, we forget how to relax, how to interact and include others in our life. We
may have our instinct for survival intact but lose the radiance of deep joy in life. KI 2 can be used to
tonify the Fire and the yang of the Kidneys when there is inertia, exhaustion, cold and withdrawal. If
there is no Fire and Warmth within the Kidney the person may lose expansiveness, be in retreat,
always be tired, lack interest in sex and be constantly tearful. Fire within Water regulates the
temperature to facilitate the working of the Kidney, it is not in and of itself a heating point.
As a Ying-Spring point it has a dynamic effect on the qi, is often used in excess patterns and is able
to clear Heat from the zang as well as move obstruction along the pathway. This point can be used
to clear Heat from deficient Kidney yin, when there is a feeling of heat in the head or chest, dry
cough. The agitation of the Kidney in deficiency Heat situations can lead to agitation of the Heart
and possible excessive talking, excitability and insomnia, indicating shen disturbance.
First Aid point for the testicles. Its use as a point for genital itching is based partly on the pathway
of the Kidney meridian which passes through the genital region and partly because it clears Heat.
Local point for swelling of the dorsal aspect of the foot. Tonifies the Kidneys and Kidney Jing.
Stabilises Kidney qi.Clears Fire and Heat. Warms Cold.
Indications Anxiety, mental restlessness, excess talking, shen disturbance.

Disinterest in sex and social situations.
Sensation of heat in the soles, red cheekbones.
Heat in the head especially in the evening, chest, night sweats, genital itching, dry cough, thirst.

Point Name KI 3 TAI XI Greater Mountain Stream Great Ravine

Yuan-Source point
Shu-Stream point
One of the Nine Needles for returning yang
Commentary Greater Mountain Stream tonifies the Kidney and balances the functioning of the Kidney. As well as
being the Shu-Stream point at which qi is plentiful it brings with it the Earth qualities of stability,
balance and harmonisation. Earth controls Water via the k’e cycle. Here as the Earth aspect of the
Kidney meridian it brings a flavor of that influence, enabling Water to take its course from the form of
Earth, and bringing security through setting bounds and limits. Together with the balancing effect of
the source point, KI 3 can have a big effect on calming the emotions, especially where unleashed
Water fear makes everything dramatic and exaggerated. When well, the Kidney enables us to have
control of life, to have strength, capacity and endurance, not to be easily shaken — skill and ability
stem from the Kidney. In balance the Kidney anticipates and prepares for what lies ahead without
falling prey to over caution or carelessness.
As a Yuan-Source point, Tai Xi regulates interior and exterior, depletion and excess. Ying-Spring
points, when they are also source points, are good for chronic illness. Yuan-Source points connect us
back with source or Original qi. This is particularly the case here, this being the Yuan-Source point on
the Kidney where Original qi resides so it goes straight to the depths of Original qi. Strengthens the
brain and lower back. Kidney engenders Marrow, which in turn enables the bones to be strong. The
Kidney stores the jing/Essence and can tonify the bones and Marrow. Marrow is the yin aspect of the
brain and helps strengthen memory and concentration.
As part of Shao Yin, the Kidney Source point can treat at a deep level which can quieten anxiety
and adrenalised states of being from prolonged stress whether from overexertion, being over-
focused, rushing continually, or it can bring strength and certainty to one who is too scared to begin
anything.
Palpating the Yuan-Source point of the Kidney is said to indicate the condition of the Kidney.
Stabilises Kidney qi. Control the Water orifices. Regulates menstruation, this point regulates the
function of the Uterus (Essence nourishes the Uterus) and the Water pathways. Calms the foetus.
Warms Cold.
Indications Overdramatic emotions, fear, lack of Will.

Irregular periods due to Kidney deficiency. Urinary frequency, cystitis.
Insomnia from deficiency. Tiredness, inertia, cold.
Overactive, too driven.
Low back problems.
Deficiency tinnitus, deafness, symptoms of aging.

Point Name KI 4 DA ZHONG Great Bell Great Cup Large Goblet
Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting junction point
Commentary Great Bell lifts the spirits when a person is exhausted and depressed from chronic Kidney deficiency.
The sound of a bell brings focus, clarity and resonance clearing the senses. This is another point which
becomes tender upon palpation if out of balance.
As this point connects with the Bladder, it is very useful for harmonising the relationship of the
yin/yang Water officials. The harmonising action of junction points helps regulate the officials,
helping them to find a balance between being too outward looking or excessively interior. The Water
element can move forward through life relentlessly, it can steam roller whatever is in its way, its
power gathering momentum as it progresses. This can feel very controlling to others, as they are
eroded by the oncoming tide of Water in full flood. Water always looks to the future and anticipates.
This need to prepare, to endure and survive whatever may occur can become excessively dominant
when Water is exhausted, reserves all drained from over-exertion. Then the junction point can help
steady the officials so they work harmoniously, ensuring good relations within the element and
helping the Water officials to maintain calm, unwind to a different pace, secure in the wisdom and
cleverness that are said to stem from the Kidney, the knowing-how to live life. It is the difference
between knowing where the escape routes from a building are, and having to be right by them, just in
case.
Low backache from Kidney deficiency also benefits from accessing the Bladder pathway. The
harmonising effect of a luo- junction point plus the impression that the name gives is that here is a
point with a reserve of qi, a great cup full which can strengthen someone’s Will/zhi, stabilise their
emotions or soften their relentless drive, allowing a fresh perspective.
Strengthens the back. Lifts the spirit.
Indications Fearfulness. Exhausted agitation. Mania, hysteria with sudden laughing and crying, disorientation,
somnolence. Aversion to cold. Retention of urine.
Point Name KI 5 SHUI QUAN Water Spring
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft point of the Kidney
Commentary A spring represents a place of access and movement. Here, Water Spring is able to refresh and bring
new vigour to the Body, Mind and Spirit. When Water fear has become oppressive or has frozen the
person into inactivity then this point can give a powerful activating impulse. Blood and qi gather at
xi-cleft accumulation points, making them good points to use when nourishing and strengthening are
key issues. The revitalisation afforded by these points, which are not command points even though
they are located in command point territory, has given them the reputation of being like a ‘periscope’
— they help foster a new outlook and appraisal of circumstances.
channel on which they are found and are much used in acute conditions. When Water is deficient,
without sufficient fluidity to keep clear it can become defensively aggressive, attacking before an
attack can arise from elsewhere, or else become so passive and fearful that it becomes inert and
lacking in vitality. Water Spring can help free the meridian and bring animating qi to course through
stagnation and relieve fear from depletion.
This point Tonifies the Kidneys and Regulates the Bladder.
As a xi-Cleft point on a yin meridian it promotes the circulation of Blood. It regulates Blood in the
Uterus and stops abdominal pain. This point is used to encourage urination when flow is obstructed
by stagnation.
Indications Mental stagnation, depression, lack of perspective.

Frequent urination. Sore eyes. Uterine prolapse. Irregular menstruation. Cystitis.

Point Name KI 6 ZHAO HAI Illuminated Sea Luminous Sea Shining Sea Leaky Yin
Energetic Nature Opening point of the Yin Qiao mai
Commentary Grasping the Wind (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss, 1989) says this point is called Shining Sea because it is
located near Blazing Valley and the light from the Fire point is shining on the Water. It conjures a
radiance of spirit as the sea reflects and enhances the original source of the light, like sunlight on the
water, and resonant of the fire and water of ming men. As a point it imparts a feeling of serenity and
reflection but with an absolute vitality of spirit, there is nothing quiescent about Illuminated Sea. For
a moment the Controller of Fluids can know that there is enough, a sea is not about to run dry,
survival is not the issue at this point, it allows for a recharging of our essence which supports our
spirits.
The name refers to an energetic reserve or sea. The point influences the abdominal ‘Sea of Qi’.
The pathway connections of the Kidney indicate the areas of influence of this point, the throat and
uterus. As the opening point of the Yin Qiao mai, which upholds and penetrates the yin of the body,
this point influences the yin and so calms the Mind, treats dry and sore throat, helps skin conditions,
insomnia and restlessness.
This point, which is not only on the yin Kidney meridian but also the Opening point of the Yin
Qiao mai, soothes fears, steadies fright and so brings the ability to look at things more calmly.
Nighttime seizures are often associated with the Yin Qiao mai. The Kidney pathway connects with
the Heart, and the Yin Qiao mai passes through the chest, so both these aspects help this point
reestablish smooth communication and connection with the Heart, as well as easing breathing
difficulties, chest tightness and pain.
The Yin Qiao mai also influences the inner aspect of the legs and the tone of the muscles here.
As the Opening point of the Yin Qiao mai, Ki 6 treats infertility or amenorrhoea and is a balancing
point for menopausal symptoms, hot flushes, anxiety, urinary problems and fearfulness.
This point is often paired with the Yang Qiao mai to regulate sleep since both channels meet at BL
1 and part of their task is the regulation of the cycles of yin and yang in the body. Disruption of
these cycles can lead to insomnia, somnolence. It is used alone for eye diseases and dry eyes.
Benefits the eyes. Calms the Mind. Benefits the throat. Opens the chest.
Activates the Yin Qiao mai. Promotes the function of the uterus.
Indications To nourish and lift the Mind and Spirit.

Fearfulness.
Dry and sore throat. Skin conditions, insomnia and restlessness, constipation.
Infertility, amenorrhoea, menopausal symptoms, hot flushes, anxiety, prolapse of the uterus.
Breathing difficulties, chest tightness and pain.
Insomnia, somnolence. Eye diseases

Point Name KI 7 FU LIU Returning Current Deep Lying White Returning White
Glorious Yang Outer Life

Jing-River point
Tonification point
Commentary As a tonification point, Returning Current supplements Kidney qi, reestablishing the mother-child
relationship along the sheng cycle and making this a nourishing point for the Kidney. The Metal
element in its most positive state imparts vitality and abundance. Water is infused and animated by
Metal through inspiration. As a Metal point, (referred to in its alternative name Deep Lying White) it
enriches and imparts quality. This point might be selected when there is over rigidity in Water or
conversely a lack of structure so the goal of the zhi/Will is never achieved. In this way it can
strengthen the zhi and support the person in overcoming fear and obstacles in their path.
The name may refer to the resumption of a straighter path after the detour of KI 4, 5, 6 or to the
point’s ability to regulate ‘currents’ within the body such as sleep, urine or sweat. The Lung not
only regulates the Water passages, but knows at a deep level how to structure and govern life —
when it is time to expand and when to stop and return life to the inside, the p’o gives our processes
their natural rhythms. Water needs the canopy of the Lung to protect and ensure the regulation of
the water passages. When fear and suspicion, feeling ill at ease in one’s own skin, not being able
to stop and relax, or paranoid thoughts are contaminating the Controller of Fluids, this point can
restore some order, cleanse and renew the quality of Water.
As the Metal point, it influences the function of the Lung. The Lung controls wei-Defensive qi and
the opening and closing of the pores. This point particularly influences sweating when it is often
used with LI 4 to induce or regulate the flow of sweat.
This point can help resolve the accumulation of Damp in the lower jiao and oedema in the legs as
well as urinary problems, seminal emission. Many Kidney points are indicated for seminal
emissions or impotence. The role of the Kidney is vital for reproduction and sexual functioning.
Sperm must be strong to recreate and is dependent upon the well being of the Kidney in order to be
vibrant with essence and life.
Strengthens the back. Jing-River points irrigate the joints and sinews and so this point can be used
for low back ache from Kidney deficiency.
Local point for foot weakness and paralysis.
Indications Helps to bring order to out of control Water, calming the Mind and Spirit. Reinspires the Spirit.
Foot weakness and paralysis.
Low back ache. Influences sweating. Oedema in the legs.
Urinary problems.

Point Name KI 8 JIAO XIN Exchange Pledges Intersection Faith
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft point of the Yin Qiao mai
Commentary Intersection in the name may refer to the crossing with the Spleen meridian, which happens between
KI 8 and 9. Through this crossing Pre and Post-Heavenly essences intermingle and sustain the life of
the being, giving the promise or ‘pledge’ of survival and continuance. Jiao Xin is also the xi-
cleft/accumulation point for the yin qiao mai. The Yin Qiao mai plays a role in regulating and
irrigating the yin, qi and Blood of the Body, Mind and Spirit and in regulating daily and seasonal
rhythms within us (insomnia, somnolence, menstrual problems). The Opening point of the Yin Qiao
mai is Kidney 6 and there are many interwoven areas of influence with this point.
Accumulation points are often beneficial for the Mind and this point, the Xi-Cleft point of the Yin
Qiao mai, can be used where there is fear that the promise of life may not be fulfilled, there may not
be sufficient supplies and support to get you through an emotional or physical winter, fear of this
nature often comes in waves. The Kidney seeks to reassure itself through preparation and facts, but if
this behaviour becomes excessive it can intrude on the natural progression of life, interrupting
straightforward processes with over checking and cluttering the Mind and Spirit. This point can help
ease one back into a state of forward movement more suited to Water and restore trust and relaxation.
As the xi-Cleft accumulation point of the Yin Qiao mai, KI 8 can be used in acute situations or pain, it
can move obstructions in the meridian and resolve disorders of the Blood, ‘dissolve’ masses, stiffness,
swelling and lumps and help with menstruation, abdominal masses, fibroids, back pain and orchitis.
Problems of the genital region, such as itching, sweating and pain, can be assisted by this point’s
activation of the Kidney meridian.
Also for dizziness, low back pain, tinnitus.
Indications Anxiety. Losing trust in the processes of life.

Insomnia.
Irregular menstruation. Uterine bleeding. Abdominal masses.
Back pain. Urinary problems.

Point Name KI 9 ZHU BIN Building Guest Building for the Guest Guest House
Calf Intestine Leg Belly
Energetic Nature Xi -Cleft Accumulation point for the Yin Wei mai
Commentary This point is the Opening and xi-Cleft point for the Yin Wei mai. Excellent point to calm the Mind
and Spirit when there is great anxiety and mental restlessness, as the Yin Wei mai connects all the yin
meridians. It can be used for Blood or yin deficiency, leading to distress of the spirit, insomnia. As it
tonifies the Blood, it affects the Heart and chest and can be used for chest pain, stuffy chest,
oppression of the chest, vague anxiety, depression, nightmares. Because of this it is a particularly
good point when Kidney and Heart are not harmonised and knowledge of “how to live” is undermined
by exhaustion. This tonifying yet stabilising point allows Water to settle and find a level, situated as it
is within the belly of the calf, so it is contained and directed. It brings nourishment and stamina to
help a person confront and overcome their problems.
As the Yin Wei mai opens the chest, it can help move Phlegm blocking the orifices of the Heart,
causing unconscious and wild behaviour. The Yin Wei mai also links with the Ren mai and this point
is frequently used to sustain the mother through pregnancy. A Japanese tradition recommends moxa
on this point in the third, sixth, and ninth months of pregnancy “to ensure a healthy baby”.
Grasping the Wind (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989) explains that the name represents the Kidney
meridian hosting the Yin Wei mai which is the ‘guest’.
As a xi-cleft point it is also good for expelling pathogens and dispersing obstructions and swellings.
Calf Intestine and Leg Belly refer to its location on the calf.
Calms the Mind. Tonifies Kidney yin. Opens the chest.

Regulates the Yin Linking Vessel.
Indications Profoundly calming.

Chest pain, stuffy chest, oppression of the chest, vague anxiety, depression, nightmares. Palpitations.
Local point for pain in the medial aspect of the foot, knee or leg. Gastrocnemius spasm.
Strengthens the mother in pregnancy.

Point Name KI 10 YIN GU Yin Valley

He-Sea point
Commentary Yin Valley has all the restorative yin properties for which a person longs after a period of exhaustion.
Water can be relentless in its onward drive and continual stress or overwork can leave a person very
depleted, desiccated and wrung out. Yin Valley as the Water point on the Kidney meridian resonates
with the qualities of Water and can, particularly in its horary time or season, access and energise the
Official and meridian deeply, to refresh, restore and cleanse. As the Water point on the Kidney
meridian and as the He-Sea point where the meridian qi goes deeper to the ‘sea’ of the body it can
really boost the Kidney and help quell fears. After a period of turmoil or exhaustion, the Kidney
official’s trust in its survival can be undermined and anxiety about having sufficient resources to get
through the present, let alone the future, can become pronounced. When every event is anticipated
with exaggerated fear, this point can reassure and reconnect the person to the profound strength and
essence of the Controller of Water.
From KI 10 the meridian passes to the tip of the coccyx where it merges with DU 1, from here it
travels up the spinal column passing forward to meet with REN 3 and 4, traveling through the lower
jiao entering the Kidney and Bladder. As a He-Sea point, it will tend to harmonise the flow of qi and
Blood in the meridian as well as dislodge pathogens in the joints and nourish the sinews. As a He-Sea
point, it will correct counterflow qi, e.g. diarrhea, expel Damp from the lower burner, and promote
urination.
Stiffness of the tongue, one branch of the Kidney pathway ends at the root of the tongue.
Also as the Water point it can nourish Kidney yin.
Pain and weakness of the knees and low back. Clears Heat, blood in the urine, uterine bleeding.
Indications To refresh and restore serenity to Mind and Spirit.

Urinary problems blood in the urine, difficulty urinating uterine bleeding.
Oedema. Genital pain /itching.
Pain and weakness of the knees and low back. Impotence. Pain of the coccyx.
Vc Point Name KI 11 HENG GU Transverse Bone Lower Extreme
Energetic Nature Crossing of the Kidney meridian and the Chong mai
Commentary Chong mai is an Extraordinary Vessel that links pre- and post-Heavenly essence. One of its names is
the Sea of Blood as it has particular influence over Blood, conception, birth and menstruation. It is
said to flow behind the Kidney and Stomach meridians and influences the Uterus. This point, on a
level with REN 2 and ST 30 enters the lower jiao, the area of the Kidneys and the meeting with Chong
mai. Through this meeting with the ‘Sea of the 12 meridians’ it can move and enrich the qi and Blood
and act as a stabilising point. It can be used to move stagnation of qi and Blood in the area.
Exhaustion and sluggishness can be remedied with this point as it is richly nourishing and can assist
with a weak constitution, and fears from Blood and qi deficiency can be assuaged. When long-term
deficiency has left the spirit of Kidney parched and thinly stretched this point can be restorative.
As well as affecting the groin and genitals it can strengthen the low back.
Benefits the lower jiao. Disinhibits cramps.
Indications Weakness. Mental feebleness and phobias. Desiccated spirit. Stabilises mood and cycles.
Low sperm count. Conditions of the penis and scrotum.
Vaginal prolapse. Vaginal pain. Exhaustion and sluggishness.

Point Name KI 12 DA HE Great Brightness Great Manifestation Yin Gate Yin Link
Commentary Level with REN 3. Grasping the Wind (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989) explains that KI 12 shares the
“exuberant yin qi of the chong mai” which coalesces with the Kidney meridian at this point and “in
women is close to the womb where essence gathers”. With Chong mai’s mix of enriching the Blood
as well as its ‘penetrating’ action, this is a good point to strengthen and revitalise the Kidney official,
to lift and refresh the spirit if it has been burdened. Brightness in the name conveys the effect on the
Mind and Spirit that the abundance of yin and flourishing that this point can impart. This nurturing
surge of qi can revitalize the person and renew the sparkling clarity of Water in a state of health.
When our Blood and jing are both in good order, our shen can flourish and it will show in the lustre of
our skin and eyes.
In this area of the lower jiao it both tonifies the Kidney and the Kidney Essence. Meeting with Chong
mai, it is a good point for moving Blood and qi in the abdomen, it can affect menstruation and sexual
emissions. For women unable to conceive, moxa can bring warmth and qi into the area and to enrich
the Blood.
Indications Lifts the Spirit. Strengthens endurance. Reinvigorates the Blood.

Genital, penile pain, emission of semen. Infertility.
Uterine prolapse. Red eye at the canthus.
Point Name KI 13 QI XUE Door of Infants Qi Hole
Commentary This is a crossing point with Chong mai. This point can bring an influx of strengthening and
penetrating energy. Part of the wonder of the Kidney official is this ability to create new life out of
the depths. Chong mai influences the abdomen, uterus, chest and Heart and is known as the Sea of the
5 yin and 6 yang channels as it connects the `pre- and post-heavenly essence’. KI 13 lies adjacent to
REN 4 and is a potent point, which echoes the ability of REN 4 to tonify the Kidneys and essence,
nourish the Blood and regulate the uterus.
All this nourishment as well as the powerful moving quality of Chong mai makes this a restorative
and invigorating point. Use when the person really needs more stamina or if someone feels their
system and spirit is ‘rusty’.
With this focus on Blood and essence KI 13 also exerts an influence on the Heart. The Kidney/Heart
axis is a crucial dynamic in our stability and wellbeing. Qi Xue can be used where there is
Kidney/Heart disconnection from, or leading to, anxiety and disorientation, emotional chaos.
Chong mai spreads wei-Defensive qi and is used when there is counterflow qi. KI 13 is a good point
to use when there is extreme counterflow qi with the person feeling very anxious and possibly in pain
from a sensation of upward rushing qi or vomiting. It can also be needled to strengthen resistance to
pathogenic factors.
Qi Xue, with its Chong mai connection is great for moving qi and stagnation from the meridian and
resolving abdominal masses.
Indications Anxiety, emotional turmoil.

Stagnation of Kidney qi. Menstrual disorders. Abdominal masses.

Point Name KI 14 SI MAN Four Full Marrow Mansion
Energetic Nature Crossing of Kidney and Chong mai
Commentary This point has some of the same flavour as the previous point, but is used more for the penetrating
quality of Chong mai, and its usefulness in: clearing stagnation, moving masses and distention and
righting counterflow qi. The Controller of Fluids is the gatekeeper of the Stomach. When Kidney qi
is deficient or perversely excess, leading to fluids not being controlled, this can be a useful point for
accumulations of qi and Blood in the lower abdomen and uterus. The ‘Four Fullnesses’ which cause
distention in the area are: accumulation/stagnation of Blood, qi, food, water.
Stagnation and distention also occur at the level of the Mind and Spirit manifesting as an inability to
concentrate and remember because of feeling mentally waterlogged, or lacking the flow of thought to
follow reasoning through to a conclusion. When deficiency has led to the spirit of Kidney being
parched like a dried up river, so the person lacks the wherewithal to try anything, this point can start
things moving for them.
Indications Stagnation and distention at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit. Abdominal pain and distention,
cutting pain below the naval, uterine spasm. Oedema. Diarrhoea. Constipation. Irregular/heavy
periods.
Point Name KI 15 ZHONG ZHU Middle Flowing Out Central Flow
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Kidney and Chong mai
Commentary The centre is a place of exchange and this point helps to balance the overall regulation of flow of
fluids and qi in the body. If the Kidneys are deficient, and there is low backache or pulsing up and
down the spine, or elimination is difficult because of dry stools this point can help supplement the
Kidneys and regulate the flow to and from them.
Fear can be so intensely experienced by the person they can’t contain or restrain the flow of words.
When Water cannot be restrained and thoughts just gush out in a flood, with no pause between
thought and mouth, a situation which is as depleting for the Mind and Spirit of the person, as it is
exhausting for anyone in their path, then this point can help regulate and balance. Use when excessive
talking or working has worn down the natural regulation of the Kidney and it has given up
maintaining good order of flow within the Body, Mind and Spirit. Equally, when exhaustion has
inhibited Water’s ability to sluice through the Body, Mind and Spirit, leaving any or all of the levels
of Body, Mind and Spirit parched and lacking movement, possibly constipated, thinking only along
the same old grooves, then this point can flush though and revitalize.
The name acts as a reminder that this point is located in the centre of the body where the Kidney qi
and Chong mai coalesce. It is also where waste water flows into the Bladder. KI 15 regulates the
intestines and the lower jiao.
.
Indications Mentally stuck in a rut, excessive talking prompted by fear.

Constipation, diarrhoea. Irregular menstruation.
Pain of the low back. Aching Kidneys.
.

Point Name KI 16 HUANG SHU Vitals Correspondence Vitals Transporting point
Commentary Vitals Correspondence is an important and far reaching point on the Kidney meridian. It affects
the Kidney, the Heart and the lower jiao. Level with REN 8 and crossing with Chong mai, Vitals
Correspondence accesses a deep level of qi and promotes the vitality of Body, Mind and Spirit
from the core of the person. Both from location and from the word ‘Correspondence’ in the name,
it is seen as equivalent to a ‘Correspondence’ or Back Shu-transporting point but found on the front
of the body, in the directness of its connection to the Kidney official. It provides an opportunity to
touch into the powerhouse that is the Kidney. Located between the middle and lower jiao, Vitals
Correspondence, on the Kidney meridian, crosses with the rhythmic penetrating circulation of
Chong mai, which as the ‘Sea of Blood’ also contributes its warming and lubricating qualities to
help with stagnation and elimination in the Large Intestine and Stomach.
Vitals Correspondence also relates to the space between the Heart and Diaphragm (see BL 51, BL
43) through which Kidney qi passes connecting with the Heart on its upward journey. This point
not only tonifies the Kidney but also the Heart. When there is disharmony between this central
axis of Water and Fire, this can be a great point to strengthen the Kidney and nourish the Heart
spirit. If the Kidney has become desperate through overwork, illness, or fears, then our essence
disperses and there is nowhere for the shen to root. Aside from weakness, we can lose the sense of
who we are as emotions rage without restraint or we withdraw from others, feeling the loss of the
zhi, our will, our personal power, our memory of who we have been, as well as an inability to focus
on the present.
Removes obstruction from the meridian.
Indications Calms the spirit and helps restore control to the Kidney. Strengthens the Mind.
Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Abdominal distention. Constipation. Diarrhoea.
Congestion of the eyes, redness of the canthus, pain. Urinary problems.
Pain, distention of the diaphragm and epigastrim, cold in the epigastrium, abdomen.
Point Name KI 17 SHANG QU Merchant Crooked Shang Bend High Pass
Commentary KI 17 is found on the abdomen above a bend in the Large Intestine. Shang is the fifth note in the
Chinese musical scale and associated with Metal and thus the Large Intestine.
This point influences the intestines, granting the fluidity necessary for functioning. The energising
effect of Chong mai tonifies the Spleen and dispels Damp. If there is stuckness and inertia then it is
hard for the person not to view life with a despairing eye and eventually a perverse spirit, imagining
the world to be against them and losing the Kidney’s wisdom, its know-how with regard to the
conduct of life. Here where the Kidney coalesces with Chong mai above the Large Intestine, there
can be an influx of qi and lubrication to move the person forward.
Moves qi and Blood. Dispels accumulations and stagnation. Eases pain. Corrects counterflow qi,
vomiting, diarrhoea.
Indications Inert Will, mental toxicity, depression.

Abdominal masses, abdominal/intestinal cutting, boring pain or spasm.
Vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea. No pleasure in eating.

Point Name KI 18 SHI GUAN Stone Border Stone Pass Stone Gate Tower Free Passage
Food Palace Food Tube
Commentary When there is not enough Water things stagnate, when you pass through this gate it is a point of
transition, probably referring to the passage of qi and food through Large Intestine or Stomach above.
Stone Border, like KI 17, promotes fluidity within the Body, Mind and Spirit, to help find a way
through obstruction to new territory. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989): ‘Shi’ meaning stone could also
imply blockage or tightness and could refer to the ability of KI 18 to treat difficult defecation,
accumulations, inhibited urination, infertility”.
Shi Guan coalesces with Chong mai. The nourishing yet penetrative movement of qi and Blood
which Chong mai imparts is important here, that is what is needed to break through stagnation and
lubricate this gate.
Stone Border, which lies level with REN 11, fortifies the centre and harmonises the Stomach, frees the
intestines and stagnation and moves qi and Blood.
Indications Mind and Spirit wary of change, unable to go with what is new.
Difficult defecation and urination. Infertility.
Blood stasis in the uterus. Abdominal pain. Postpartum abdominal pain. Vomiting.
Point Name KI 19 YIN DU Yin Capital Yin Metropolis Food Place

Commentary A capital or metropolis is an important place of exchange and gathering. This point lies just lateral to
REN 12, the front-mu point of the Stomach, an area where Earth qi gathers. This is a yin point in a yin
place on the body, a place of receptivity and good regulation- a metropolis at the centre has to be well
regulated to facilitate the various exchanges occurring. When Water needs to rest or reflect, or when
someone is very fearful, agitated, fear cascading through them, this point near the centre, contains and
restores the qi, helping it to find a settled level. When the Mind and Spirit are scattered this point can
help them reassemble.
This point fortifies the Spleen, harmonises the stomach, regulates and frees abdominal qi. This is a
point, in conjunction with the influence of Chong mai, to improve the Blood and bring the lubrication
and fluidity of Water to the Spleen, helping it transport and transform, helping it produce, and hold the
Blood.
Chong mai also rectifies countercurrent qi when there is vomiting or cough.
Indications Scattered thinking and loss of will.

Abdominal distention, and pain, heat and pain in the lateral costal area. Tiredness. Emaciation.
Difficult elimination. Infertility. Eases coughing and nausea.

Point Name KI 20 TONG GU Through The Valley Freeing the Grain Upper Gate
Commentary After the restoration of Yin Capitol (Kidney 19), the qi arrives and passes through the protective
region of a valley. Just as a valley can be gentle terrain to traverse, and its boundaries shield the
traveller from the excesses of the weather, so the Kidney, in a state of health, protects us from the
stress of surviving each day. The Kidneys store our precious essences, are the foundation of our
power in life and are responsible for the control of liquids and Water throughout the Body, Mind and
Spirit. The Kidneys works at a deep and profound level in our being and it is the wisdom of the
Kidney official, or the faith of the Kidney, with its capacity for reflective thought, that gets us through
and gives us the deep know of how of how to live and endure even when life seems full of darkness
and fears. It strengthens Mind and Spirit and brings the cleansing, rejuvenating properties of Water.
It grants endurance and moves us forward — the appropriate direction for water, through the valley.
The name refers to the location; fleshy areas are often designated as valleys. KI 20 is in the valley
formed by the muscles of the central abdomen. This point, in the middle jiao, harmonises it through
its coalescence with Chong mai. With this effect on the middle jiao, of nourishing with Blood and
moving qi and Blood, the Spleen is encouraged to function better and clear Damp and Phlegm.
The qi here is passing through the valley, soon to enter the region of the upper jiao; this point can help
free the upper jiao when there is blockage here, stuffiness, palpitations, or difficulty in speaking.
It supports the Chong mai function of correcting counterflow qi and subduing vomiting.
Indications Brings strength and relief to Mind and Spirit and renewed trust in life .
Vomiting. Abdominal pain and distention. Osoephagitis. Hiatus Hernia.
Pain in the chest and costal regions, palpitations. Retching, cough, shortness of breath. Epilepsy.
Point Name KI 21 YOU MEN Dark Gate Upper Gate Secret Gate
Commentary Dark Gate lies at a border, on the edge of the upper jiao. Chong mai and the Kidney meridian cross
for the final time here at this point. The pairing of the Kidney and Heart as Shao Yin works in the
depths as does the Kidney meridian itself with our pre-heavenly essence. Water is often elusive and
mysterious. Our origins lie in the unknowable depths of our being, as do our most basic fears about
survival, endurance and reserves. A border is a place of transition, this gate allows two way passage
for the qi, enabling it to be regulated. With the imminent divergence of Chong mai and the Kidney,
and the new territory of the upper jiao, we don’t know what lies ahead. We have to endure and pull
through, holding on to the belief that life will continue and we will know what to do. For the Mind
and Spirit this is a point to revitalise the zhi, and our mental reserves, intelligence, wisdom, whatever
it takes for us to hold our Mind and Spirit intact when threatened. If the Gate cannot open or close as
appropriate, one could be stuck without the nourishing of Blood and moving of qi properties of Chong
mai, without the control of liquids that the Kidney provides. Life might then seem dark, silting up
with toxicity, contaminated by an ebbing faith in life. Or one might feel stretched thin and
undernourished, the mind busy working at the surface of life but never able to rest and drop into the
depths. A gate at a border presents the possibility of taking a step into the flow of life, it takes Will
and faith in life when one has been in mental or physical pain to dislodge the stagnation of fear and
opt to move forwards. This point, with all its yin richness and vigour of Chong mai, can help
transform your perspective.
KI 21 is the final point of coalescence with Chong mai, after which Chong mai will disperse over the
chest as well as travel through the throat to the face. Chong mai is said to be imbalanced when there
is counterflow or rebellious qi. This point which lies bordering the upper and middle jiao is indicated
for both burners. From its location it can harmonises the Stomach and Spleen and calm rebellious qi,
being used for many abdominal symptoms, pain, vomiting, distention below the heart, diarrhoea, but
also appropriate with the penetrative action of Chong mai for dispersing Liver qi so it spreads easily
and smoothly. Helpful when there is pain in the chest, tightness of the diaphragm, lateral costal pain.
Near the upper opening of the stomach.
Indications Helps steady and fortify Mind and Spirit when pushed to their limits. Poor memory.
Courses the Liver and rectifies qi. Fortifies and Harmonises the Stomach. Clears abdominal heat,
pain, distention. Pain in the chest referring to the back and lumbar area, distention below the Heart.

Point Name KI 22 BU LANG Walking on the Verandah Corridor Walk
Walking Gentleman
Energetic Nature Exit point of the Kidney
Commentary This point sees the progression of the Kidney meridian to the rib cage, as the bilateral meridian ‘steps’
each rib, it forms a corridor or verandah. Grasping the Wind (1989) also includes an interpretation
‘Step Upward’ which imparts the notion of stepping up to a summit. A verandah conveys the idea of
a place to pause, to recuperate, to reflect, an ellipsis or moment out of the relentless onward path of
life, and a place which shelters you from the extremes of sun and rain and emotional weather. Now
the qi has passed through Dark Gate into the Upper Jiao, and can survey the territory and anticipate
what lies ahead. This can be a moment on this journey of the Kidney qi into the heavenly area of the
Heart and Lungs, when the Spirit bathed and carried forward by the Water element can experience the
preciousness of life.
This is the Exit point of the Kidneys, from here you can move to the Heart Protector meridian with all
its capacity for reaching out to life, arms outstretched, or you can progress along the remaining points
of the Kidney meridian.
*This is an interesting energetic area (KI 22-27) in that these remaining points don’t lead you on to
anywhere. Consider the importance of the Kidney Heart axis, the mystery and depths of life that the
Kidney represents now passes through the territory of the Heart and Lungs, the upper jiao, connecting
Essence and Spirit. So although in some ways this may be an energetic cul de sac, it has more to do
with ‘being’ than going anywhere, appropriate to the role of the Supreme Controller. In this way the
qi of the depths, the mystery and invisible beginnings of life also manifest here at the level of the
Supreme Controller, home of the spirits, and these points exemplify how jing/shen, the Kidney/Heart
axis when in good relationship one with the other, enables us to live our lives consciously. This is a
special set of points in this region.
Used to free the chest, correct rebellious qi of the chest, diffuse the Lung and encourage Kidney qi to
grasp Lung qi.
Indications Restorative and soothing for Body, Mind and Spirit.

Unbinds the Chest. Diffuses the Lung. Cough, asthma, fullness in the chest, wheezing, vomiting.
Point Name KI 23 SHEN FENG Spirit Seal
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Bladder and Du mai
Commentary See the commentary on KI 22 *.

Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989): ‘feng can mean to seal and can refer to the Kidney water containing
or sealing in the yang nature of spirit’. Something sealed is preserved and identified. KI 22 Walking
on the Verandah was described as a point for recuperating. After convalescing one is ready to resume
one’s role and identity in the world, albeit transformed. Sometimes this can feel a very fragile, raw
state. At Spirit Seal, in the territory of the Upper jiao, the Kidney meridian crosses with Du mai. Du
mai gives us the yang strength and guidance for us to live our life upright, with confidence. When the
person’s spirit is present but apprehensive, they may feel fearful or scattered, inauthentic and without
ambition. When fear has eroded the Kidney-Heart connection and panic or paralysis has ensued it can
be hard for the person to regain the sense of who they are. Shen Feng can gather and contain the spirit.
This point can preserve, hold safe what they have, jing/shen is reestablished and the deep knowing of
the Kidney, the guidance of Du mai together with the consciousness and propriety of the Heart
expressed at this level of the Upper jiao can bring a sense of security and self awareness.
This point lies level with REN 17, another very important point for the shen and qi of the chest.
Indications Revives the Spirit. Calms the Mind.

Tonifies the Kidneys.
Frees the Chest: distention and fullness in the chest, lateral costal region.
Breast problems, mastitis,tumour, cough, asthma, weakening of the olfactory sense.

Point Name KI 24 LING XU Spirit Burial Ground Spirit Ruins Spirit Wall
Energetic Nature
Commentary Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) say: the name reminds us that this point lies near the area of the
Heart and Spirit. ‘Xu’ is associated with yin qualities, mysterious and hidden. ‘Ling’ is the yin aspect
of the spirit.
A reminder again that in this set of points (KI 22-27; see commentary KI 22*) the mysterious yin of
the kidneys, with all its association with wisdom and faith, is passing the area of the shen. Ling, the
more yin aspect of the spirit, maybe indicates the receptive nature of this point, able to receive
intervention to arouse from the depths of our being to consciousness.
This is a wonderful point with which to restore and revive the spirit. When someone’s spirit seems as
if it has almost abandoned them, a deep sense of torpor and impoverishment of Body, Mind and Spirit
can be felt. The person can seem inert, there is no animation or vitality within them, no shen in their
eyes. Whether through heartbreak or chronic exhaustion or some other cause something has severed
the Kidney-Heart, jing/shen connection and while still alive, they are not fully living.
If the Ling, yin aspect of spirit is lost we don’t recognise ourself, we don’t feel at home anywhere, we
don’t know our purpose or uniqueness. If the shen are close to vacating their home in the Heart, the
person is sinking, almost extinguished, this point may reanimate the connection with life, may entice
the shen to stay. This point may return the person back into being, to consciousness. The wisdom of
the Kidney with its capacity for endurance and abiding in faith is brought to expression at Ling Xu, in
synthesis with the spirits of the Heart, with the potential to initiate profound change in a person.
Indications Revives the Spirit. Calms the Mind.

Tonifies the Kidneys. Opens the chest.
Disperses swelling. Cough, asthma, distention and fullness of the chest, shortness of breath.
Breast pain. Insomnia. Palpitations.
Point Name KI 25 SHEN CANG Spirit Storehouse Mind Storage

Energetic Nature
Commentary See commentary on KI 22 * A deep pathway travels from here to the Lungs and Heart and on to REN
17.
When someone is deeply wearied, frayed beyond the possibility of feeling joy, even though the
person’s spirit is not extinguished it can lead to despair. The person may seem vulnerable, and
experience life as a continual onslaught. If they may doubt they can continue because their spirit is
waning and fearful, then Spirit Storehouse with its associations of provision and plenty, a reserve to
store spirit, may be the point to ease intense anxiety, to nourish joy. The deep pathway connections at
this point reunite the shen and the powerhouse, the Kidney in jing/shen, so that the Heart/Kidney
relationship works well together again. Accessing this storehouse and righting this fundamental axis
within a person enables them to open up and connect with a source of strength that will sustain and re-
animate them, just as the point can open the chest on a physical level. As with KI 24, all that is asked
of the point and person is that the spirit is revived. The art of the Heart is to be conscious and pay
attention. The shen need to be restored before any further action is taken.
Deficiency of the Kidney and Heart yin leads to insomnia restlessness, anxiety.
Important local point for asthma due to Kidney not receiving qi. A deep pathway connection travels
from KI 25 to the Lungs, Heart and on to REN 17 where it coalesces with the Pericardium, which
makes this an especially good point for vulnerable patients.
Indications Nourishes the Spirit. Calms the Mind.

Tonifies the Kidneys. Frees the chest. Corrects rebellious Qi. Vomiting.
Fullness of the chest, cough, asthma, wheezing. Distention of the lateral costal region.

Point Name KI 26 YU ZHONG Amidst Elegance Lively Centre Within Bounds
Energetic Nature
Commentary Although not the highest point on the Kidney pathway, in some ways Amidst Elegance can be seen as
the highest expression of the Kidney in a pure state. It is like the prismatic purity of light through a
waterfall with all its attendant beauty and refreshment of spirit. This point promotes the smooth flow
of qi in the chest, which lifts the spirits. This area is where the Heart Fire flourishes and so ‘Lively
Centre’ might refer to that or to the proximity to the rhythm of the Lungs.
The p’o, the spirit of the Lung resides here. The p’o or Corporeal Soul is closely related to essence,
responsible for our automatic rhythmic functioning and enables us to have clear sensations. Here the
Kidney meridian is passing through the territory of the Lung, strong Kidney essence and a strong p’o
allow us to receive and appreciate life to its fullest, to be Amidst Elegance. The Receiver of Qi is
constrained by sadness and grief. If the chest has been constrained through illness, shallow breathing
and qi stagnation or deficiency, then this point can help free the chest and reanimate the Lung qi so
that it flows smoothly, rhythmically. We need to be able to receive qi inspiration, to feel connected to
oneself as well as in good circulation with the qi of heaven, able to recognise and appreciate the
freshness and quality in one’s own life and the life of others. This point brings in light, releases
stagnation, lifts the heart and Mind. Opens the Spirit to receive inspiration and elegance.
Indications Depression, sadness, grief,

Promotes smooth flow of qi in the chest. Frees the chest. Transforms Phlegm, congestion. Cough,
asthma, distention and fullness in the chest.
Point Name KI 27 SHU FU Storehouse Shu Mansion Transport

Treasury Transport Mansion Conveying Palace
Energetic Nature
Commentary Shu is the same character as shu in the Back-Shu or transporting points. Fu is a hollow organ or place
of transportation. This is the final point on the Kidney meridian and a point at which qi is transported
to and accumulates. Storehouse is in the upper jiao where we receive heavenly influences and also
near to the Stomach meridian (ST 11 lies directly above KI 27). The proximity to the Stomach
meridian (a fu organ), after the heights of KI 26, returns us to the more material world, reminding us
that good health needs both pre and post heavenly essence for us to flourish. Good for mental and
physical exhaustion when through overtaxing the qi there is fatigue, disorientation and impatience. As
the name ‘Conveying Palace’ indicates it both stores and makes available something important;
reserves of qi, which have been brought there by the Kidney meridian and now can be re-distributed to
serve and reconstitute the Body, Mind and Spirit. When one is exhausted it is easy to be depressed,
lethargic and lack zest for life. This point helps reinvigorate the qi, infusing it with vital spirit. This
effect may be enhanced by combining this point with KI 25.
KI 27 tonifies the Kidneys and stimulates the Kidney reception of qi and so is an important point in
treatment of asthma from Kidney deficiency. The aim is to stimulate the Kidneys to hold down qi,
subdue rebellious qi and allay asthma (Maciocia 1989).
Indications Strengthens and nourishes the Body, Mind and Spirit

Frees the chest. Regulates the Lungs. Tonifies Ancestral Qi. Redirects rebellious qi downward.
Resolves Phlegm, congestion. Cough, wheezing, chest pain and oppression, intercostal neuralgia.
Headache due to mental strain, forgetfulness.

The Pericardium
Meridian
Point Name PC 1 TIAN CHI Heavenly Pond Celestial Pool
Energetic Nature Crossing of the Pericardium, Liver (Jue Yin) and Gallbladder meridians
Window of the Sky
Entry point. PC starts deep in the thorax, connects with the pericardium, a deep pathway enters the
Heart, travels to REN 17 and down the median line connecting with REN 12 and REN 7. A lateral
branch travels from the Pericardium across the chest to emerge at PC 1, where it becomes superficial.
Commentary The Pericardium meridian begins deep in the centre of the chest, near the area with which it is so
much associated: Tan Zhong, where Ancestral qi collects. It ends by crossing the palm to the middle
finger, appropriate to another aspect of its role, that of reaching out and communicating.
The Heart and Heart Protector officials act as two intimately related aspects of Fire. The Heart
Protector works as servant, ambassador and protector of the Heart. It envelops the Heart, protects it
with the pericardium, guarding the Heart from direct approach and acting as intermediary between the
Heart and other officials. The Heart Protector protects the Heart to the extent that it will bear the
brunt of pathogens (especially Heat) rather than have the Heart be attacked. If the Heart is disturbed
the distress can shock the whole body. The Heart Protector has to be pure and appropriate about what
communication is allowed to reach the Heart. The Heart needs to be undisturbed so it is an inviting
place for the spirits in which to reside. This role can leave the Heart Protector feeling vulnerable and
defensive as it takes whatever knocks are thrown its way, whether that is heartache or Blood
deficiency. Sometimes this leads to the Heart Protector shutting down, no longer reaching out to
others and allowing intimacy to develop, for fear of rejection and further hurt. This in turn disrupts
the communication of the shen and can result in a feeling of isolation.
PC also works as an envoy or ambassador communicating via the circulation of the Blood and
pathways of animation (the mai) the message of the Heart throughout the body. This free
communication and circulation ensures the state of animation and vitality, delight in existence, natural
upward movement of the flames of Fire, which is expressed by joy and happiness through the Heart
Protector. Su wen 8: “The pericardium is the ambassador and from it joy and happiness derive”
(Maciocia 1989).
In addition to this connection with the Heart and Heart function, the Heart Protector is paired with
Three Heater within the Fire element, and it partners the Liver as one of the Six Divisions of yin/yang,
Jue Yin. This latter combination, together with the ability of Pericardium to open the chest, makes it
an especially effective point for moving stagnation of qi and Blood.
The first point on the meridian, in an area so connected with both qi and Blood, is also a Window of
the Sky. Its location is the most anatomically inferior of all the Windows of the Sky, as if the usual
brightening effects of a Window of Heaven on the senses and Spirit have been brought directly to this
protector of the Heart because its task is so vital. Apart from this animating effect on the Spirit,
bringing light and relief, a chance to look around with fresh eyes, to a downtrodden or jaded
perspective, PC 1 moves both stagnant qi and Blood. If the Heart Protector is struggling from
stagnation or deficiency of qi or Blood, or from emotional onslaught, a lack of joy can result.
Conversely, continual lack of joy impinges on this official’s ability to circulate the qi and Blood and
behave appropriately.
This point, used as a Window of Heaven, will have an enlivening effect on any hindrance to the free
flow of qi and enable the person to feel and receive more appropriate affection in relationship to
others and themselves. The superficial journey of the Heart Protector qi becomes accessible at this
first point, delivering the flavor of the Heart Protector qi to the whole meridian, and ultimately giving
access to the Heart centre of a person. The nature of this point is reflected in its name, Heavenly Pond,
or Celestial Pool, it revitalises and refreshes the spirit and renews our capacity to receive and give love
and remember our connection to the Heavens.
Indications Refreshes the senses and the Spirit. Enables a new perspective when life has lost its shine.
Pain and discomfort in the chest. Frees the chest. Axillary swelling.
Diffuses Lung qi. Corrects rebellious qi.
Headache. Depression.
N.B. Due to its location, NOT to be needled on women (use PC 2 as an alternative).

Point Name PC 2 TIAN QUAN Heavenly Spring Celestial Warmth Celestial Damp
Energetic Nature Use as Window of the Sky on women

Use as entry point on women
Commentary Heavenly Spring is a heavenly point by virtue of its place in the upper part of the body. It is a spring
of pure qi originating from PC 1, Heavenly Pond. The movement of qi of a ‘spring’ implies the
animation and refreshment with which this point can imbue the Mind and Spirit as it arises between
the biceps, while from its location level with the Upper jiao it reconnects with the deep joy of the
Heart. It increases vitality. When the qi of the Heart Protector has become blocked, like a stream
with leaves or silted up and stagnant, it needs to be released, otherwise it will contaminate exchanges
between the Officials, and with other people. If the Heart Protector has suffered long term or deep
hurt, it can feel so scarred it loses trust and shuts itself off from situations that may cause further harm.
In doing so it often deprives itself of exactly what is needed, the warmth, interest and exchange of
friendship and love. This point encourages the Official to feel restored, clear and vital by the
Heavenly Spring and reconnect with the excitement, deep joy and purpose that are appropriate to an
individual’s life.
Also the name of a star.

Local point for pain radiating down the medial aspect of the upper arm.
The movement of qi from PC1 through the chest to PC2 helps it free the chest.
Indications To reinvigorate the Spirit and the senses. Invigorates the Blood.
Fullness, stuffy chest, pain of the back and shoulder, pain travelling down the arm.
Palpitations.
Pulmonary congestion and Phlegm.
Insufficient lactation.
Aversion to Wind and Cold.

Point Name PC 3 QU ZE Crooked Marsh Marsh at the Bend Curved Marsh

He-Sea point
Commentary Marshes are wetlands, usually moist and fertile, ‘Crooked’ or ‘Bend’ refers to the location in the bend
of the elbow. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) point out that ‘marshes often exist at the mouths of
rivers and this is a He-Sea point, found where the qi is likened to the water of a river uniting with the
sea’.
When the Heart is agitated, whether from emotional trauma, empty heat, or Heat, anxiety can be
intense with extreme agitation, over-activity, exhaustion and mania. Part of the functioning of the
Heart Protector is to divert and absorb the impact of any attack on the Heart. As the Water point on a
Fire meridian, Crooked Marsh brings the resonance of Water to Fire; it cools Heat and calms the
Blood, lubricating and calming when there is restlessness and agitation of the spirit, or when sadness
and fear and oppression constrains the Heart. The point has a local effect for muscular pain and
cramps of the arm and elbow. The moisture and vitality of Crooked Marsh can help release not just
physical limitations but Mind and Spirit level inhibitions, coursing the meridian to regain flexibility
and be able to reach out to touch others and connect with life.
As the Water point on a Fire meridian, it can clear and cool Heat and is often used for skin eruptions
due to Heat.
It opens the Heart orifices promoting resuscitation. Moves Blood stasis.
The Pericardium pathway passes through the stomach region. PC 3 is indicated for use with stomach
disorders, in this case particularly where Heat is involved. It is also the He-Sea point, and He-Sea
points are indicated for rebellious qi and diarrhoea.
Indications Regulates the Heart. Anxiety, irritability, agitation, insomnia. Calms the Mind, mania.
Expands and relaxes the chest, chest fullness, irritability and pain, palpitations, cough, tremors of the
hand and arm.
Activates the channel.
Regulates the Stomach and Intestines, clears Heat, gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever,
sunstroke, excessive menstrual bleeding.

Point Name PC 4 XI MEN Gate of Qi Reserve Crevice Gate
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft Accumulation point
Commentary This is a wonderfully steadying point. It can underpin and anchor the person to a calm rhythm. This
accumulation point, in a ‘crevice’, allows you to access a point of deep influence, of qi reserve, on the
Heart Protector meridian. This point opens the chest and calms the Heart and, as a gate point, is a
great point to use to regulate the rhythm of the Heart. Because Blood and qi gather at xi-Cleft points
the association of the Blood and the Heart can be mutually influenced here. If the rhythm of the Heart
and the Blood goes awry, there is a loss of control in the Supreme Controller and a loss of timing, or
possibly blockage, cutting off the easy communication of the Heart via the Heart Protector to the other
officials/zang, which can provoke immense anxiety. By regulating the Heart in this way, equanimity
and good communication are regained at this most important level. The Pericardium and Sea of Qi in
the chest are also the Heart’s protectors; the Heart needs to exist in tranquility in order to be the
receptacle for the shen, and to radiate the virtue of the Heart.
being like a ‘periscope’ — they help foster a new outlook and revitalize mental functioning.
When there is deficiency of the Heart qi and Blood, the Mind and Spirit can weaken and give rise to
fears, fear of surroundings and strangers, as well as a lack of mental stamina. This is a fortifying point,
and a major point for the spirit of Pericardium, to restore and reassure those worn down by life,
disappointments, loss of Blood and lack of shen.
Xi-Cleft points are also used in acute situations to stop pain. All xi-Cleft points are useful for
invigorating or dispersing pain or obstruction along the particular channel on which they are found.
As it regulates the Blood and moves Blood stasis it is a useful point for chest pain due to Blood
stagnation or for skin eruptions or where there is a shutting down of good will and generosity of spirit
to others from accumulated hurt.
An extremely useful point when dealing with the effects of shock, either recent or long term.
Opens the chest.
Calms the Heart.
Strengthens the Mind.
Calms the Spirit.
Regulates Blood.
Cools the Blood.
Indications Agitation, distress which destabilises the person, irritability and pain, shock, hysteria, depression,
anxiety, forgetfulness.
Removes obstruction from the meridian. Stops pain. Arrhythmia.
Rheumatic heart disease, chest pain, palpitations, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, panic attacks, cough,
breathing difficulties. Vomiting.
Local point for pain or paralysis of the anterior forearm and fingers.

Point Name PC 5 JIAN SHI The Intermediary Ghost Road

Jing-River point
One of the Thirteen ghost points of Sun Si-miao
Meeting point of the three upper yin meridans
Commentary The Pericardium is the intermediary for the Heart, it carries the message of the Heart throughout the
circulation of qi and Blood, working close to the Heart to protect it and at a distance throughout the
realm of the body. The location of this point is between the tendons and between the Lung and Heart
meridians, it helps harmonise and communicate at many different levels.
As the meeting point of the three upper yin meridians it helps regulate the functions of these three
officials.
As the Metal point on the Heart Protector meridian it accesses the Metal qualities within Fire. When
the spirit lacks radiance this point can bring inspiration to strengthen the shen. Metal imparts quality
to the Blood and through inspiration infuses the Blood with animation. If the Heart Protector is
feeling depleted, worn down, cynical with hurt and out of love with the world then The Intermediary
can help clear away old debris and inspire a fresh start. When the Heart Protector is out of balance, it
can become erratic in its opening and closing to the world, one day the person will let you in and be
confiding, the next they hardly seem to know you. Metal knows how to govern and structure life, it
can bring the perspective of the wise judge, letting you stand back and appraise a situation instead of
reacting. The p’o helps maintain our natural rhythms, opening and closings, it is very sensitive to the
environment, like a conductor, helping to attune the Heart Protector within and without, to itself and
others.
Its inclusion as a Ghost point speaks to its capacity to help guard vitality and keep the shen present.
This point clears interior Phlegm which clouds the orifices of the heart and ‘mists’ the mental faculties
leading to forgetfulness, restlessness, apprehension, delirium, aphasia, manic depression, incessant
talking, out of control behaviour and recklessness, epilepsy. As a Metal point, also as a Jing-River
point, it has an effect on coughs and respiratory diseases, hot and cold sensations and changes in the
voice. As a Jing-River point, it irrigates the meridian and nourishes the tendons and joints.
The Pericardium is linked with the Liver as Jue Yin, one of the Six Divisions of yin/yang, and is
effective for moving stagnation of qi and Blood. PC 5 dispels stagnation of qi in the chest. This
ability to move stagnation and clear Heat resulting from stagnation, whether from emotional hurt or a
lack of transformation or heat in the system, not only resolves stasis but also lifts the spirit.
From the pathway connection with the Stomach area it can act on the functioning of the Stomach and
correct rebellious qi when there is nausea.
Transforms Heart Phlegm. Clears Heart Fire and Heat and can be used for mouth ulcers.
Regulates the Stomach.
Tonifies the Heart. Expands and Relaxes the chest. Calms the Spirit.
Indications Seizures, childhood convulsions, chest pain, palpitations, restlessness, sensation of heat in the palms,
mania, hysteria, depression, hallucinations, insomnia.
Aversion to Wind and Cold. Irregular menstruation, vomiting, tidal fever, jaundice, haemorrhoids,
vomiting.
Local effect pain, stiffness, contracture of the forearm, hand. Empirical point for malaria.

Point Name PC 6 NEI GUAN Inner Frontier Gate
Energetic Nature Luo-connecting Junction point with Three Heater

Opening point of the Yin Wei mai
Commentary Nei Guan is the luo-junction point. Pericardium and Three Heater are paired officials within the Fire
element. The connection with the Three Heater occurs where they converge in the chest, not locally.
Their roles both involve maintaining good communication and protection between themselves and all
the officials. This is a wonderfully harmonising, calming point. The Heart Protector is said to open to
the inside while the Three Heater opens to the outside. Both officials have as part of their role being
intermediaries, the Heart Protector between the world and the Heart, and throughout the Body, Mind
and Spirit, via the mai, and the Three Heater as the mediator par excellence for all the officials to
carry out their work. So this point will help bring many aspects of the Body, Mind and Spirit into
better communication. Clear, calm communication engenders trust and smooth working relations
between the Officials. This point is often used with TH 5, Outer Frontier Gate, to impart the full
balancing potential of this partnership, but even alone, PC 6 will help create better balance,
particularly with Three Heater. It strengthens and steadies the Pericardium when it is feeling shaky or
under threat, integrates the inner and outer, enables appropriate communication, not too closed nor too
open and vulnerable.
Inner Frontier Gate also regulates and tonifies the Heart. Apart from a connecting channel direct from
PC 6 to the Heart, at the start of the Pericardium meridian a deep pathway enters the Heart and then
crosses with REN 17 (which some texts call the front-mu point for the pericardium). This is the Hui-
Meeting/Influential point of the qi, the Sea of qi, as well as the meeting point of the Ren mai with
Spleen, Kidney, Small Intestine, and Triple Heater, and gives this point enormous influence,
especially for tonifying the Heart and Lungs. Because of the direct connection with the Heart, this
point can have a steadying effect on the Heart, opening and calming the chest and brightening the
mental functioning and consciousness when a lack of joy and vitality have burdened the Heart
Protector.
According to Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989), ‘Nei Guan’ is an ancient disease name meaning inner
block or oppression in the chest. When lack of joy or stagnation/deficiency of Blood and /or qi is felt
as a weight, when the person literally feels heavy hearted this point facilitates qi flow. This is a very
important point for all chest disorders and to free the chest. This point moves qi and Blood in the
chest and affects the functioning of the Lung.
PC 6 is the Opening point of the Yin Wei mai, which connects all the yin meridians, influences the
chest and Heart and is used to replenish yin and Blood. As it tonifies the Blood, it affects the Heart.
Aside from the extended influence from this connection, the Pericardium luo-connecting meridian
begins here and ends in the chest. The divergent channel enters the chest and communicates with the
Three Heater in the three jiao (as well as ascending and passing across the throat and further
communicating with the Triple Heater behind the ear). It regulates the Liver and calms the mind
when there is irritability from Liver qi stagnation via the Jue Yin connection of PC and Liver. This
relationship gives PC 6 its Blood-moving properties, and can help regulate irregular or painful periods,
depression, and insomnia. Clears Heart Fire.
Major point for its effect on the Stomach. The primary pathway passes through the diaphragm down
the median line connecting with the Triple Heater at REN 12 and 7, the divergent channel also
connects with the Three Heater in the middle and lower jiao and both these connections serve to
regulate the Stomach and Spleen and make this the point of choice for nausea.
Indications Anxiety, hysteria, seizures, depression, forgetfulness, insomnia, sadness, panic, tiredness.
Irritability. Irregular or painful menstruation, breast distention pain and swelling, swelling in the
axilla, palpitations.
Chest pain, pain and shock, palpitations, dizziness.
Point for nausea, morning sickness, during chemotherapy, seasickness, nausea in general.
Epigastric pain, pain for shock, post-trauma.
Regulates the Yin Wei mai, good for shoulder pain.

Point Name PC 7 DA LING Great Mound Heart Governor Ghost Heart

Earth point
Shu-Stream point
Sedation point
One of the thirteen ghost points of Sun Si-miao
Commentary Although named for its location proximal to the two large mounds of the heel of the hand (Ellis,
Wiseman and Boss 1989), Great Mound is also an important and wonderfully useful point. As the
Yuan-Source point it brings all the resonances of Original qi together with the Heart Protector’s
connection with Ancestral qi, a mix of the impulse of life common to all living beings with our own
particular destiny. As such it has immense influence over the qi and Blood. It is nourishing,
regulating and strengthening, and aids the good communication of the Heart Protector with heavenly
influences enabling the direction of life towards its higher purpose. Thus is the Heart Protector
encouraged through regulating the mai, the animating network, to communicate the excitation and
deep joy in life from the Heart throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit. Yuan-Source points have a self-
regulating quality, which delivers what is appropriate to balance the meridian and official.
The stabilising, nourishing aspect is enhanced by its influence as an Earth point. It is a great point for
harmonising and strengthening when there is anxiety. “Historically PC 7 was used as the Source point
of the Heart” (Maciocia 1989). If the Heart needs steadying from relationship trauma this is a helpful
point or when the person has strong feelings of insecurity and vulnerability. The Heart Protector
envelops and protects the Heart, as well as acting as the communicator for the Heart. If the Heart
Protector becomes weakened through excessive emotion, blood loss, or qi deficiency, the sanctity of
the Heart is threatened. When there is lack of joy or deep sadness affecting the Heart this point can
calm and ease the shen. Its inclusion as a Ghost point — one of three on the Pericardium meridian —
indicates the role of the PC in protecting the Heart and ultimately the spirits.
As the Sedation point, it can clear Heat and excess conditions from the Heart, making it a useful point
for skin conditions from Heat, and to ease the anxiety, hysterical laughter that can be experienced
when heat disturbs the shen. Clears Heart Fire.
As one of the nine needles for returning yang it can restore consciousness.
Pathway connections through the middle and lower jiao (see PC 6) explain the regulating effect of this
point on the Stomach. Regulates the Stomach.
Clears Heat.
Regulates the Heart. Expands and relaxes the chest. Calms the Spirit. Clears the Brain.
Indications Anxiety, hysteria with sudden laughing and crying, insomnia, fright, palpitations, panic.
Tongue root pain, intercostal neuralgia, distention in the chest and hypochondrium, swelling of the
axilla.
Gastritis, eczema, vomiting.
Carpel tunnel syndrome.
Resuscitation.

Point Name PC 8 LAO GONG Palace of Weariness Ghost Cave
Energetic Nature Fire Point

Exit point
Ying-Spring point
One of the Thirteen Ghost points of Sun Si-miao
Commentary A great point to really tonify the Heart and Heart Protector to bring strength and renew vitality. As
the Fire point on the Fire meridian, it speaks of communication and the purity and radiance of Fire. If
joy, love and zest for life have been crushed, or when the person can feel no love or emotional warmth,
and is depleted in spirit, weary of life, then Palace of Weariness is a wonderfully restorative point.
When the person needs a real boost, here is an abundantly revitalising point. Use within its horary
season or time to access the full purifying potential of this point from the Heart Protector, encouraging
it to radiate the sparkle of spirit and appropriate behaviour of Fire in good balance. When the world
has become dull, and everyday life monotonous and grey, or this is how the person presents
themselves, this point can create a spark, reigniting interest in themselves and in exchange with others,
renewing interest in intimacy and conscious behaviour.
As a Ying-Spring and Fire point, PC 8 can clear Heat and Heart Fire (especially tongue ulcers), fevers
with delirium, mental symptoms involving Heat, rambling speech, easily angered. It can correct
counterflow/rebellious qi affecting the Stomach from pathway connections, particularly if Heat is
involved. Clearing Heat from the Blood makes it appropriate for nosebleed, vomiting blood.
As one of the nine needles for returning yang, it can restore consciousness.
As the third Ghost point on Pericardium, Ghost Cave, with its consummate Fire qualities of
illuminating, purifying and guarding the presence of the shen, add to its importance.
Local point for pain and stiffness of the hand.
As the exit point on the Pericardium, the pathway connects from here with the Three Heater.
Indications Lack of joy, heart weary. Depression.

Cardiac pain, heat-related spirit disturbances. Mouth and tongue ulcers from Heat.
Nosebleeds. Incessant laughter. Epilepsy.
Local point for pain and stiffness of the hand. Cold hands.

Point Name PC 9 ZHONG CHONG Rushing into the Middle

Jing-Well point
Tonification point
Commentary As the tonification and Wood point, Zhong Chong will invigorate the meridian and regenerate the
spirit. It brings movement and the breaking through of stagnation where there has been depletion and
stuck-ness. Rushing into the Middle gets the qi moving, releasing a ‘surge’of qi into the meridian
(Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989). It can lift the spirits, and provide more fuel and nourishment for the
Fire. The Pericardium is the direct route to our Heart centre; PC 9 activates this route. The mother-
child connection along the sheng cycle makes this a nurturing if vigorous point. When the Heart
Protector has been stuck, morose, without hope and too beaten down to make a fresh start, this point
can help prompt new beginnings, hope and clarity about direction.
As a Jing-Well point, one use of this point is to clear pathogens, Wind and Heat, from the Pericardium.
Also, as a Jing-Well point, it can restore consciousness and is particularly effective in doing so,
having such a direct connection to the Heart and being the most distal point. It can effect a sudden
change of mood as the fast acting distal Jing-Well point.
This point is mentioned for its effect on the tongue. Although it is the Heart itself that opens into the
tongue, the closely bound role of the Heart Protector is reflected in this use of the point.
As well as this being the most distal point on the pathway, which gives it a strong effect on the
opposite end of the meridian, the connection of PC and Liver as Jue Yin , also means it affects the
middle jiao and stagnation of qi in the chest.
When the arms are raised (traditionally known as Chinese anatomical position) this is the highest
point on the body.
Indications Depression. Emergency resuscitation.

Fever, heatstroke, cardiac pain, Heat in the body.
Swelling of the tongue (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989). Aphasia resulting from stroke.

The Three Heater
Meridian
Point Name TH 1 GUAN CHONG Rushing the Frontier Gate Thoroughfare Gate
Border Rushing Passage Hub

Jing-Well point
Entry point
Commentary The Three Heater is mysterious, some claim it has no form, most agree it has no one place of
residence but is a mediating, intermediary, exchanging power which pervades the entire system. It is
the great conductor and harmoniser, providing the necessary and ambient environment to facilitate the
working of the other officials and essences. The San Jiao is responsible for the opening and irrigation
of water passages. The regulation of fluids stems from it. This charge immediately reminds one of its
intimate connections with the Kidney – the Controller of Fluids. It gathers together and protects the
yang. When the TH works well, there is unity within the being, ease within, the person does not blow
hot or cold, they are integrated. Three Heater, although so much to do with the regulation of fluids in
the body, is a Fire meridian. It can provide a steady deep warmth and confidence; when at ease one is
not self-conscious, communicating with others is not vexatious or difficult. If the radiance of the shen
is present, then the natural inclination of Fire is to rise and enjoy life. If we are too hot or frozen we
lose our joy to agitation or rigidity.
Here at the start of Three Heater we see a ‘guan’, a gate, which reminds us of the Three Heater’s role
of “opening up of passages and irrigation, the waterways stem from it” (Su wen 8), the regulation
through which Fire and Water can produce effects in the body. This gate is the first point of access to
Three Heater territory, but in a way the Three Heater is everywhere, without it there would be no
medium or home for the other officials. Three Heater promotes good communication within the being,
the transformation of the formless Fire and Water, and it further ensures that the officials responsible
at each level of the person for the transformation of fluids are in communication with each other and
with the whole body. Rushing the Frontier Gate supports the general animation of the being and
allows for ‘a reestablishment of the unity of communication, circulation and harmonisation’.
All the names for this point involves gates, borders, hubs and indicate the importance of the
uninhibited, but regulated, flow of qi here at the start of the superficial pathway. As the Metal point
on a Fire meridian, it can be used to reach and activate the depths of a person when there is
inflexibility, lack of rhythm in the automated processes, inertia of the spirit and when communication
with others is hollow and without warmth or purpose. The work of the Three Heater goes all the way
to the extremities, while the skin and body hairs under the aegis of the Lung set the boundary of the
Body. Metal also imparts knowledge of when to draw back, of what is enough. The Three Heater is
continuously at work, when exhausted it can be hard to gauge what is enough, whether in temperature
regulation or in the warmth of our interactions with others. Sometimes we opt for quantity not quality.
Metal can bring inspiration and quality brightening the Body, Mind and Spirit of the Three Heater. If
the spirit is unreceptive to ‘inspiring’ the new, whether relationships or ideas, then the gate needs to be
lubricated so there can be fresh influx. This mix of Jing-Well and Metal makes this a penetrating
point with an invigorating effect on the Three Heater.
The Three Heater is part of Shao Yang with the Gallbladder (one of the Six Divisions of yin/ yang). It
can use the strength of Shao Yang to clear obstacles so all the flows of the body communicate easily.
(It also makes it useful in diseases of alternating Heat and Cold. As part of Shao Yang it is in an
intermediate, pivotal position being half in and half out of the body). As a Jing-Well point it is used
for acute conditions from pathogenic Wind and Heat. Dispels Wind, Clears Fire and Heat. Jing-Well
points restore consciousness.
It is noteworthy that PC 9 is Zhong Chong and TH 1 is Guan Chong, ‘chong’ conveys something of
the nature of the qi’, that it ‘surges’ (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989) as well as the continuity from PC
to TH (although PC 9 is not the exit point).
[Continued…]

Point Name TH 1 GUAN CHONG Rushing the Frontier Gate […continued]
As the most distal point, TH 1 will affect the other end of the meridian, and so is used for problems of
the ear (tinnitus from pathogenic factors rather than deficiency) throat, jaws, face and head and is
effective at clearing Heat from the region of the upper jiao. Through its connection with the
Gallbladder it can also affect the eye. The relationship with the Gallbladder is re-emphasised as GB
41 and TH 5 are the Opening and Coupled points for Dai mai and Yang Wei mai of the Extraordinary
vessels.
Three Heater is Fire’s ambassador of expression with the outside world, that communication needs to
be clear in its manner of delivery. A branch of the muscle channel binds with the root of the tongue,
so TH 1 is indicated for its effect on speech involving stiff tongue, and for problems with the Three
Heater pathway.
Moistens the throat, Benefits the tongue.
Revives consciousness. Opens sensory orifices.
Indications To reinvigorate the mind and spirit when there is rigidity or lack of warmth.
Distal point for stiff shoulder, and symptoms affecting the distal end of the meridian, e.g. earache,
deafness.
Tinnitus. Headache, neck pain, tongue stiffness and flaccidity.
Stops convulsions. Restores consciousness.
Fevers, heatstroke, conjunctivitis, blurred vision.
Painful obstruction of the throat, tonsillitis, dry mouth, parched lips.

Point Name TH 2 YE MEN Fluid Secretion Gate Fluid’s Door Door of Fluids
Humor Gate Armpit Gate

Ying-Spring point
Commentary After the gate of TH 1 comes another gate, stressing the regulating and unifying effect of Three Heater.
This gate helps transport secretions and fluids throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit. Furthermore, as
the Ying-Spring point it regulates Heat in the body and so can clear sensations of Heat.
As the Water point within the Three Heater, all the water resonances are emphasised; the Three Heater
being responsible for the distribution and communication of fluids in the three jiao and the whole
person. As the Water point within Fire, the balance needs to be appropriate for the proper functioning
of each Official. Every aspect of our being in the negotiation of daily life: all the adjustments within
the Body, Mind and Spirit for optimal functioning of the officials, the adjustments required between
the body and changing environments, as well as the subtle accommodations and nuances of interaction
and communication, require the vigilant balancing skills of the Three Heater. Like air conditioning,
when it works well you don't think about it. The work appears effortless, but as soon as we feel too
hot, too cold, or someone’s is inappropriately intimate and warm, doesn’t read the signs to cool it or if
the correct climate for the Heart and shen is not provided, then immediately, there is a demand made
on the Three Heater. Sufficient humidity and fluidity for our joints, our tongue, our eyes, our Heart
Protector to feel lubricated and flexible, not parched or waterlogged, are just a few of the millions of
adaptations and reconciliations made by the Three Heater everyday.
When the balance of Water within Three Heater is correct then there is ease of well being, we are not
easily disturbed by others, there is sufficient internal comfort to negotiate and accommodate, we do
not fluctuate, internally or externally, erratically. We are able to communicate and reach out to others
with propriety, consistency and enthusiasm.
The benefits of this point are to moisten, lubricate and clear Heat, or conversely to bring a more
ambient temperature to the responsibilities of the Three Heater. Water controls Fire on the k’e cycle
and can threaten to extinguish Fire, similarly the balance of Water within Fire is important: swellings
may accumulate, the person may feel carried away by an onslaught of thought and feeling, rather than
steady. The Heart hates excessive Heat (giving rise to fright, palpitations, raving, red complexion),
and this point is very calming for the spirit when there is agitation from insufficient water, yin
deficiency or too much Heat.
Particularly indicated for arthritis of the fingers, ear problems from Wind or Damp-Heat and to
generate fluids with dry sore throat.
Moistens dryness. Generates fluids. Moistens the throat.
Indications Aids smooth and appropriate communication, helps regulate heat in the body, mind and spirit. Calms
the spirit.
Local effect for inability of the fingers to extend and flex freely, paralysis of the hand and fingers.
Clears Heat in the upper jiao, red eyes, ear infections. Fevers, vertigo headache, conjunctivitis,
deafness, tinnitus, gum pain, pain on both sides of the spine, cold extremities.
Throat soreness, dryness, swelling, voice loss.

Point Name TH 3 ZHONG ZHU Middle Islet Lower Metropolis

Shu-Stream point
Tonification point
Commentary As the Wood point on the Triple Heater, TH 3 accesses the Wood aspect of Fire with all the
resonances of birth, hope, and decisions and the upward and outward movement of qi. As the
tonification point on the sheng cycle, there must be this mother-child, generative, nourishing supply of
qi so the Three Heater can regulate Fire and Water within the Body, Mind and Spirit, consistently.
Stopping and starting, constant interruptions to the qi, would only aggravate the Body, Mind and
Spirit and hinder the smooth working of all the Officials. Without the planning, decision and
judgement-making capacity of Wood within Fire, the mediating work of the Three Heater goes badly
awry. TH 3 gives hope and vitality when there is exhaustion or lack of joy. When out of balance, the
Three Heater can blow very hot and cold with sudden emotional changes; this point is a stabilising,
strengthening point for the spirit. By moving stagnation it lifts the spirit; Maciocia (1989)
recommends this point in combination with DU 20 to raise the spirits.
The divergent channel of TH travels to the vertex of the head, the area of DU 20 and both have a
raising effect on the qi. This point benefits the ears via the influence of the meridian pathway, as well
as being a distal point.
As the Shu-Stream point it can regulate the interior and exterior and help dispel external pathogens for
problems associated with Wind, like headaches. As a Shu-Sream point, it absorbs pathogens and
helps harmonise the qi in the treatment of illnesses which come and go (fevers). Shu-Stream points
are indicated for heaviness of the body, so it promotes the flow of qi in the body and helps to clear
Damp in particular.
Nan Jing 8 calls the Three Heater the shen that protects against evil and the Three Heater is also
associated with the wei qi, here this protective role is emphasised.

Moves stagnant qi. Calms hyperactive Liver yang.
Moistens dryness, useful for dry eyes and throat, removes obstruction from the channel. Opens the
sensory orifices. Local point for pain and weakness of the fingers arm and elbow.
First Aid point for exhaustion.
A good distal point for neck and shoulder pain and eye and ear disorders.
Indications To restore hope, allievate depression and reinvigorate the Body, Mind and Spirit of Three Heater.
Ear problems. Deafness, tinnitus (blocked ears from air travel).
Fever with sweating. Dizziness, headache, intercostal neuralgia, shoulder pain.
Eye disorders, blurred vision, conjunctivitis. Nasal congestion, throat soreness, dryness, painful
obstruction of the throat.

Point Name TH 4 YANG CHI Yang Pond Divergent Yang
Commentary The point is named for its location, in a dip on the yang aspect of the arm. Nan Jing 62 associates the
Source points with the Three Heater. The Three Heater has its source in the Original qi of ming men
and acts as the intermediary between ming men and all the functions of the body emerging at the yuan-
Source points. The Three Heater spreads Original qi and yuan-Source points access this; TH 4 is like
the yuan-Source point of source points. This point is a potent tonifying point. Some schools of
acupuncture, mainly Japanese, use it as a general tonic for the yang and treat it every session. ‘Pond’
in the name suggests there is plenty of qi gathered here to access and yang reminds us that the Three
Heater gathers and protects the yang. All the amazing and rather mysterious workings of the Three
Heater can be activated here, the ability it has to manage all the other officials, keeping them
temperate and united, it allows the shen and jing qi to circulate and helps with the waterways and the
wei qi. All this is unnoticed by us unless we find our spirit unable to maintain our enthusiasms, life
seem flat and lacks a steady temperate glow or we rage with passion one minute and forget the object
of our delight the next. Perhaps our temperature won’t settle and our Body/Mind/Spirit works within
such a small comfort zone that we easily feel agitated if suddenly we are too hot, or we’re too cold to
think, or reach out socially or sexually.
TH 4 can be used to tonify Original qi in all chronic diseases where the Kidney has become deficient.
The Three Heater connects with all three jiao and influences these areas; thus it can help weak
digestion and lethargy in the middle and lower jiao. Three Heater stimulates the transformation of
fluids so can be used when dampness accumulates in the lower jiao. Maciocia (1989) maintains that
the connection with the Original qi also connects it with the Chong and Dai mai and thus can regulate
dysfunction of qi and Blood, e.g. irregular painful periods.
Relaxes the sinews. Removes obstruction from the channel. Clears Heat. Regulates the Stomach.
Promotes transformation of Body Fluids.
Benefits Original qi. Tonifies Chong and Du mai.
Local point for shoulder, arm, wrist, pain.
Indications Promotes warmth and steadiness of Heart, Mind and Body.

Dispels Wind, Fire, Heat, moistens Dryness.
Malarial disorders, tonsillitis, cold, fatigue, intermittent fever, painful obstruction of the throat.
Thirst, dry mouth, chest discomfort, eye redness and swelling. Oedema, blurred vision.
Bi patterns of the wrist.

Point Name TH 5 WAI GUAN Outer Frontier Gate
Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting Junction point meeting with the Pericardium meridian in the chest
Opening point of the Yang Wei mai
Commentary Outer Frontier Gate continues the Fire theme of communication. As the luo-connecting junction point
with the Heart Protector, its area of influence is immense. The Fire element as a whole is responsible
for communication within the Body, Mind and Spirit – our inner condition, as well as smooth relations
between the individual, the external world and other people. The Heart Protector protects the Heart
from without and then focuses its communications within Body, Mind and Spirit, while the Three
Heater harmonises within and reaches expansively to the outside. When there is internal agitation,
feelings of insecurity, or depletion disturbing the Spirit and Mind, this ‘gate’ point can help settle and
fortify both through its links with the Heart Protector and its own regulating properties. Three Heater
and Heart Protector are a partnership within Fire, and the role of the junction points of each ensures
this free communication and regulation. TH 5 meets with the Pericardium not locally, but in the
chest/Heart area itself; a reminder that Fire is about expressing one’s individuality, the maturity of
Fire is that flowering and acceptance of oneself. Outer Frontier Gate is often treated with PC 6 Inner
Frontier Gate to bring balance and appropriateness of communication. When the person is too
exhausted to participate and make contact with others, this point can invigorate the Three Heater’s
ability to flexibly accommodate and relate with people and groups, finding the correct level, keeping
the communication at the right temperature socially, as within the body, and allowing the free flow of
warmth, affection and enthusiasm. It communicates the message of the Heart throughout the realm of
the Body, Mind and Spirit and relays information back to it.
As the Opening point on the Yang Wei mai, which links all the yang meridians of the body, TH 5 is
suited to assist conditions which affect the yang particularly. It indirectly calms Liver yang (via the
Shao yang connection with Gallbladder) and is much used for headaches, migraines, throbbing
temples and for all types of yang headaches.
TH 5 is an important point to release the Exterior when there is fever, sore throat, aversion to cold,
sweating. It is a great point for regulating Heat, and can clear Heat from the lower and middle jiao,
helping constipation, hypochondriac pain, as well as Heat affecting the head, ulcers.
Regulates the Shao Yang. When the pathogen is half interior and half exterior, alternating chills and
fever, irritability, hypochondriac pain, blurred vision, TH 5 can treat the sides of the upper body and
Gallbladder meridian through this connection with the Gallbladder.
Used for Bi syndrome of the arm shoulder and neck.
Benefits the ear, good for ear infection arising from Wind Heat, tinnitus, deafness. Expels Wind-Heat.
Releases the exterior.
Removes obstructions from the meridian. Local point for forearm, wrist, finger, numbness,
contracture pain or tremor.
Indications Good for strengthening communication between the inner person and others, for vulnerability and
fluctuating moods – often in conjunction with PC 6.
Headaches, migraines, throbbing temples, feeling of cold in the head.
Ear infection arising from Wind-Heat, tinnitus, deafness, neck stiffness, joint pain.
Bi syndrome of the arm shoulder and neck.
Alternating chills and fever.
Fever, sore throat, aversion to cold, sweating, mumps.
Irritability, hypochondriac pain, blurred vision.
First Aid point for fever.

Point Name TH 6 ZHI GOU Branch Ditch Flying Tiger

Jing-River point
Commentary ‘Branch’ refers to an offshoot; from here the meridian deviates from its straight pathway. A Fire point
within the Fire element, Branch Ditch rakes the embers of the Three Heater and regenerates new spark
and encouragement. Three Heater, as its name implies, has responsibility for the three jiao and thus
influences the environment for the successful functioning of all the officials. It can help move
stagnation, clear Heat or tonify qi. Fire within Fire can help clarify, and purify the spirit. When Fire
has been depleted, it can be very cold and unable to communicate, not present, shen is lost from the
eyes, others are shut out, or it can be so brash that others are kept at a distance. This point can
reinvigorate, help Fire burn brighter and the Three Heater work more efficiently.
Treating the essence of Fire, Fire within Fire, can help reveal the true condition of the element and
encourage a steady inner warmth, maturity and conscious behaviour. As a Horary point, TH 6 echoes
some of the qualities of summer, when longed-for warmth helps one relax, be a little less guarded and
more openhearted, when a sense of well being and bonhomie radiates. The purity of spirit that Fire
embodies in health, can here be accessed to refresh and replace cynicism arising either from old hurts
and jaundiced viewpoints or from a system which has become toxic or lost is animation. The work of
the Three Heater is complex and endless, and this point can revitalise and reward the official for its
endeavours. When used as a Horary point in summer, the full potential of this point is accessed.
Although this is a Fire point on a Fire meridian, ‘Ditch’ in the title reminds one of the role of the
Three Heater in regulating fluids and opening water passages and moistening the intestines (Ellis,
Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
As a Fire point on Triple Heater meridian, TH 6 can be used to clear Heat from each of the three jiao
and so can be used for constipation and menopausal symptoms. It can move stagnation in each of the
jiao. Removes obstructions from the Large Intestine. In combination with GB 31, it is a useful point
to help clear herpes zoster from Wind-Heat.
It moves stagnation, especially of Liver qi through its connection with GB in Shao Yang (Six
Divisions of Yin/Yang).
Locally it can affect the upper arm, axilla, shoulder, back and flank.
Jing-River points treat chills, fever and diseases which affect the voice. TH 6 can treat sudden loss of
voice.
Regulates qi. Removes obstructions from the channel.
Clears Wind-Heat from the Blood in skin disease. Expels Wind.
The alternative name arises from how to locate the point according to Richard Bertschinger (The
Golden Needle 1991): ‘The point is located by crossing (flying) the forefinger of one hand over the
Tiger’s Mouth (LI 4) of the other hand. Where the tip of the finger lands is the point.’
Indications To help return spark and warmth to the Three Heater and Fire.
Constipation, faecal incontinence due to paralysis, abdominal pain. Sudden loss of voice.
Red rash, urticaria, psoriasis, eczema. Vomiting.
Herpes Zoster. Angina. Pleurisy, stabbing chest pain, insufficient lactation, hypochondriac pain.
Pain of the lateral costal area, belching, oedema.

Point Name TH 7 HUI ZONG Assembly of Ancestors Converging Channels
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft Accumulation point
Commentary Its name indicates the respect and veneration in which the Chinese hold their ancestors. This
assembly or convergence gathers to re-establish order and propriety within the Three Heater and the
Fire element. TH 7 is level with TH 6: two points at the same level is usually significant, amplifying
the resonance of qualities held between them. TH 6 as the Horary point within Fire gives access to the
Fire within Fire, the purity and guidance of the shen; alongside is TH 7, another important point
alluding to guidance and overseeing. Situated in a divergence from the straight path of the meridian,
TH 7 allows for time out, a ‘convergence’ before the straight onward path of the meridian resumes.
When the Three Heater is disturbed, life feels jangly and discordant, as if nothing will come into
orderly focus and all the officials may soon express their discomfort and distress. The Three Heater’s
role of regulation is so important to our sense of well being that if it is lost many different symptoms
can arise in the Body, Mind and Spirit. The natural healthy sense of a deep joy in life may well be
disturbed or the emotional ‘weather’ may alternate wildly if Three Heater feels out of control and
rushed or conversely overpowered by sadness. Then it is appropriate to take time to call on the deep
wisdom associated with the ancestors or collective unconscious. This point is considered an assembly
of ancestors and can gather sufficient resources to restore composure and perspective. It is a plentiful
point, it is an assembly of many ancestors, not just one. This point can restore the steadiness of mind
needed when Three Heater starts to lose control within the body, mind and spirit. Xi-
Cleft/Accumulation points are points where the qi gathers and they help the Mind regain clarity and
perspective. As Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) say this point could be named for a meeting of
officials during the summer in ancient China. ‘Zong’ was the term used for such a gathering.
As a Xi-Cleft point it is useful for acute diseases and it can also be used to activate the meridian and
alleviate pain in the arm and ear, temples, eyebrows. Activates the meridian. Benefits the ears.
Indications For calm when Three Heater is agitated and losing control.
Deafness, Tinnitus, epilepsy, acute diseases of the skin.
Chest and abdominal fullness. Upper extremity pain and stiffness.
Point Name TH 8 SAN YANG LUO Three Yang Junction Connecting Gate
Connect Between
Energetic Nature Texts seem divided as to whether the three yang meridians actually cross here or whether it indicates
that all the yang meridians of the arm pass near here and have a functional similarity as well as
proximity.
Commentary
The Three Heater gathers and protects the yang and this point helps all the yang aspects of the Three
Heater and Fire. When Three Heater is fatigued to the point of depletion and unable to uplift and
balance itself, Three Yang Junction can restore animation and vitality. Its yang character enables it to
affect the head where it can help clear the orifices and invigorate the clarity, fluidity and skills of
communication of the Mind. It can also treat deafness and loss of voice.
When the Three Heater official is out of balance, communication throughout the Body, Mind and
Spirit can become erratic; there may be inertia, loss of vitality, a lack of joy and enthusiasm,
immaturity. The ability of the Three Heater to diplomatically manage communication between people
may be abandoned. If the Three Heater loses its ability to provide a steady warmth for the other
officials, not only might there be a ‘cold front’, emotionally, but the regulation of fluids and the
processes of the three jiao can all be affected. The Original qi supports the production of the qi and
Blood in the chest and so the quality and warmth of the Blood can deteriorate if the Three Heater is
yang deficient. Its ability to turn around sudden-onset conditions presumably comes about through
the nature of it being such a yang point on a yang meridian and through its connection with the
Shao Yang and the Three Heater’s role in wei qi distribution.
Activates the meridian. Eases pain. Clears obstructions. Opens the sensory orifices. Relaxes the
sinews. Relieves pain and stiffness. This is a useful point for treating shoulder pain involving more
than one meridian.
Indications Lack of vitality, inertia, emotional and physical coldness. Sudden deafness, loss of voice, toothache,
somnolence, fever, no desire to move the limbs, vertigo. Inability to move the arm, arm pain.

Point Name TH 9 SI DU Fourth Gutter Four Ditches Four Rivers
Energetic Nature
Commentary “The Three Heater is responsible for the opening up of passages and irrigation. The regulation of the
waterways stems from it.” (Su Wen, Ch. 8). Gutter, ditches and river in the alternative names given
for this point remind one of the importance of the Three Heater in the transporting and regulating of
fluids around the Body, Mind and Spirit. The Three Heater acts as a communication system for all the
Officials, and the movements, exchanges and transformations of life that take place within that system.
This point, which accesses an important aspect of the Three Heater’s role, is often overlooked, but can
be a useful choice to help irrigate and decontaminate this official. When the Three Heater in its role
of communicating, regulating and harmonising between officials and between the individual and the
world is exhausted or deficient, it can become contaminated. This point can help re-inspire the
official so that sluiced and un-clogged, it can communicate without cynicism and feel a steady pure
joy in life, rather than erratic swings between high and low or inertia. Maturity is the power of the
Fire element, in order to reappraise and develop into who we may become, we may need to clear
detritus and stagnation from our past.
The Three Heater in its role of regulating the circulation is doing far more than just moving the Blood
and qi in a physical sense. When the Blood is moved by the qi, it is not just simple nutrition or
warmth, but the circulation of the spirits themselves. The basis of both Blood and Body Fluids is in
the middle heater. It also plays a role in the wei-defence system of the Body, Mind and Spirit.
Nan Jing 8 states that the three heaters are “the guardians of the spirits against perverse
influences, ...the root and foundation of man.” “The three heaters through their reunion make the
unity. They govern the Way of the spirits (shen dao), which come and go in the Zang and the Fu.
They know how to distribute life in the form of qi, they are connected to the origin, they make the
Blood and maintain life through the spirits.” (Sun Si-miao, Tang dynasty acupuncturist, 800 AD).
Opens the channels and waterways. Benefits the throat. Activates the meridian.
Indications Helps to cleanse and revitalise the Body, Mind and Spirit of Three Heater when there is cynicism, lack
of warmth, erratic behaviour.
Supports the Three Heater in its defensive role against pathogenic invasions. Facilitates the regulation
of fluids.
Sudden loss of voice, sore throat, deafness, toothache of the lower jaw.
Pain in the forearm.
Migraine.

Point Name TH 10 TIAN JING Heavenly Well

He-Sea point
Sedation point
Commentary The Earth resonance of Heavenly Well lends a harmonising and stabilising aspect to the dynamism of
a He-Sea point. This point strengthens the Spirit. ‘Heavenly’ in the name refers to its location in the
upper part of the body and ‘Well’ is probably the dip of the point’s location, but it also reminds one of
the enriching connection between the yang of the heavens provided by the Three Heater and the yin
nourishment of Earth. The bounty of this well is limitless. Earth may be the child of Fire on the
sheng cycle but without the form granted by Earth there would be no place for Fire to occur. As the
Earth point on Three Heater, Heavenly Well brings steadiness to the Mind and Spirit, bringing
equanimity and stability to the possibly volatile Three Heater when imbalanced.
This combination means it also affects Nutritive/ying and Defensive/wei qi and thus is a strengthening
point at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit. This point can impart grounded warmth to the Spirit. Out
of balance, Three Heater can be very flighty, or blow hot and cold, fail to regulate all the transitions
within the Body, Mind and Spirit leading to irascibility and failures in communication. This point is
steadying, nourishing and keeps the warmth of the Three Heater within its proper realm, it can help
restore trust in the magnanimity of the earth to provide what is needed for Body and Spirit. In its role
as a Sedation point it also brings this calming influence.
The activating nature of this point enables it to move qi and stagnation when there is blockage or
depression. Three Heater’s connection with the Heart Protector also means it treats disorders of the
Heart and shen, whether affected by emotion or Heat, Wind or Phlegm.
As a He-Sea point, Heavenly Well is dynamic and stimulating, and can activate, smooth and take
deeper the flow of qi and Blood in the meridian, and so is much used for Bi patterns, transforming
Phlegm, Damp, Heat. It is used to dislodge pathogens stuck in joints and meridians, nourish the
sinews, relieve spasm and help clear the skin. He-Sea points regulate the flow of qi between the
exterior of the body and the zang. The qi leaves the command point area to unite with the deeper qi of
the body and ultimately the zang, which they help to regulate.
The association with the Earth element, and being indicated for the ‘bowels’, makes it particularly
useful for treatment of disease of the stomach and bowels. He-Sea points regulate the distal and
proximal ends of the meridian and correct counterflow qi.
To reach here, the qi has had to negotiate the large hinge of the elbow. It now has to make the ascent
of the posterior of the arm, this point and the next few all activate the meridian and can be useful
points to consider if the Three Heater is sluggish. Use for local problems of the elbow and other
meridian problems.
Indications Stabilises the Mind and Spirit when ungrounded, weak and unnourished. Reconnects Heaven and
Earth within the Body, Mind and Spirit.
Clears bi syndrome, stiffness of the elbow, deafness, cough, vomiting, meridian pain. Skin problems.
Relaxes tendons.
Clears Damp and Phlegm, dispels masses. Tonsillitis. Clears Heat and Phlegm: hysteria, depression,
anxiety, somnolence, sadness.
Clears Stagnation. Regulates Nutritive/ying and Defensive/wei qi.

Point Name TH 11 QING LENG YUAN Pure Cold Abyss Clear Cold Abyss
Clear Cold Spring Clear Sky Clear Spirit
Energetic Nature
Commentary All the names for this point indicate its cooling and clearing properties; its ability to quench heat and
refresh what is parched. Use when the person is agitated and needs peace and quiet after their internal
world has been disturbed. If the Three Heater loses its balance and fails to maintain homeostasis
within the Body, Mind and Spirit, hysteria and erratic patterns of heat/cold and behaviour can occur.
When the Mind and Spirit struggle to preserve consciousness and equilibrium, this point can quiet the
Mind, clear Heat and Phlegm, or strengthen deficiency. Clear Spirit, an alternative name, brings to
mind the lucidity of Spirit that is often lost when Three Heater becomes imbalanced. Ellis, Wiseman,
and Boss (1989) say this phrase is an ancient geographical reference to lakes. It implies the ability of
this point to clear Heat and drain Fire. A lake also conveys the idea that there is plenty of qi available
at this point and that this point can be used to activate the meridian and support the qi on its ascent of
the upper arm. In the anatomical position the pathway traverses the lateral aspect of the body and
Three Heater (together with its Shao Yang partner Gallbladder) is responsible for this half inside/half
outside position, helping us relate both within ourselves and outwardly to others. Three Heater is not
only the mediator and matrix for all the other officials, but is what smoothes our interactions with
others. We extend our arm to bridge the gap and touch another person, and the Clear Sky/Spirit of
this point can be called on if Three Heater has been contaminated or agitated, to regain a calmer
middle way.
Activates the meridian. Dispels Wind, Damp, and Heat.

Painful obstruction of the elbow and shoulder.
Indications Heated agitation of the Body, Mind and Spirit.

Headache, pain of the eyes, lateral costal pain.
Difficulty in raising the shoulder and arm.
Point Name TH 12 XIAO LUO Relax and Joy Dispersing Riverbed Dispersing Brilliance
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point has such an enticing name, who wouldn’t want to select it for their patient? It is a subtle
point and best used when someone has made good progress with treatment but still has little joy or
never chooses to find time to feel joy. The gentle benevolence of this point brings ease, enabling the
person to soften, surrender and enjoy just being. The Three Heater is by nature endlessly conscious of
the balance between the Officials, but out of balance some people continually monitor the relations
between themselves and others, imposing rules and believing themselves imprisoned by all the
‘shoulds’ in their head. The location of this point broaches the Heavenly aspect of the Body, Mind,
and Spirit. It can be a reminder that the art of the Heart is to be, that sometimes you have to stop
chasing and receive what the universe has to offer. Joy is said to arise from stillness and sometimes
the Three Heater is so busy negotiating and communicating, providing the environment for the rest of
the Officials to carry out their roles that it forgoes rest and play. To experience both the excitation and
deep joy appropriate to living, one has to relax, at least in attitude, rather than always press on to the
next task or supposed source of pleasure. By providing the right environment, the spirits can then
shine forth.
The Three Heater disperses fluids through the system of the Body, Mind and Spirit, the moistening,
cooling nature of Water can move qi, clear Heat and alleviate thirst. This point has an occasional role
to play when there is hysteria from yin deficiency. Some texts think the correct name is XIAO SHUO
Dispersing Brilliance, as this would fit better with the Fire meridian on which the point is found.
A good point to activate the meridian, if the qi is getting stuck trying to negotiate the elbow, or for
pain and stiffness in the neck, headaches, toothache.
Indications When the Body, Mind, Spirit needs to trust and relax.
Pain and stiffness in the neck. Headaches, toothache. Epilepsy.

Point Name TH 13 NAO HUI Shoulder Meeting Shoulder Convergence Upper Arm Shu
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Three Heater and the Yang Wei mai
Commentary Three Heater is a yang meridian, and the meeting with the Yang wei mai reinforces the yang
influences with all their warming, moving, clear, bright, active, dynamic aspects of Three Heater, and
the connection with the spirit. This point, which is a wonderful point for shoulder problems, lies just
inferior to the deltoid muscle. Other important points for the Spirit lie on a near level with this point,
outer Back-shu points, Kidney chest points and LU 3, a Window of the Sky, indicating that its range
of influence is not purely physical. This point can activate the Three Heater to move the clear yang
aspects of spirit as well as negotiate the energetic geography of the deltoid. The deltoid not only gives
protection to the shoulder joint, but it is an incredibly adaptable muscle: its main action is abducting
the arm but in addition its anterior fibres act in flexion and medial rotation and the posterior fibres act
in extension and lateral rotation (Calais-Germian 1994). The Three Heater needs similar flexibility
and adaptability to carry out its role maintaining the optimum environment for the Body, Mind and
Spirit. Already in the Heavenly region of the body, this point will ease the qi higher into the Heavenly
area. When the Three Heater is having difficulty maintaining its relationship to its higher purpose and
the Heavens, this point can strengthen communication.
Local point for pain in the upper arm which can be palpated for tenderness.
Because of the crossing with the Yang Wei mai, which links all the yang meridians of the body, this
can be a great point to moxa if there is pain and cold in the channels. Its relationship with Yang Wei
mai also means it is a possible point for clearing pathogens. It activates the pathway and, as the Three
Heater, Three Heater divergent channel and Yang Wei mai all pass through the neck, this may account
for how this point can aid goitre, inflammations on the nape of the neck, tonsillitis and swollen lymph
nodes.
Indications To help reconnect and brighten the Mind and Spirit of Three Heater.
Shoulder pain and swelling or pain of the upper arm.
Chills and fever.
Goitre, scrofula, inflammations on the nape of the neck, tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes.
Point Name TH 14 JIAN LIAO Shoulder Bone Shoulder Crevice Shoulder Opening
Energetic Nature
Commentary Jian Liao helps maintain the flexibility essential to the Three Heater in order that it may accommodate
the various needs of the Officials and/or other people. This point, at the infereo-lateral border of the
acromion, is a great and frequently used point for shoulder problems. When there is stuck or deficient
qi involving the Three Heater it can help. Palpate for tenderness. Often used in combination with
other local points as a ‘string’ of points for shoulder problems involving more than one meridian.

Relaxes the Sinews.
Indications Shoulder pain and arthritis, immobility, paralysis, inability to raise the arm.
Urticaria. Excessive sweating.
.

Point Name TH 15 TIAN LIAO Heavenly Bone Celestial Bone Hole Celestial Hearing
Energetic Nature Crossing of the Three Heater, Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai
From TH 14 a deep pathway travels to TH 15 via SI 12, meets the posterior median line at DU 14,
then passes over the shoulder to GB 21 and then to ST 12 in the supraclavicular fossa.
Commentary The location on the upper part of the shoulder in the heavenly aspect of the body accounts for the
“Heavenly” in the name. It is also a ‘heavenly’ point because of the roles of the Three Heater and the
meridians that cross here, Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai. All are involved with the diffusion of pure
yang to the head, which is needed for clear senses, courage and good working of the Body, Mind and
Spirit. In this location they border the territory of the neck, the bridge to the consciousness and the
head, the bodily representation of Heaven.
‘Celestial Hearing’, an alternative name, reminds one that the pathways of both Three Heater and
Gallbladder pass around and through the ear, making it a possible point to use when earache or pain is
involved. There is ‘hearing’ at the level of the Mind and Spirit also, can we make sense of what is
being said to us, do we listen to our Spirit and hear our destiny? Three Heater is San Jiao, san/three is
the number for what is held and exchanged between Heaven and Earth, in some ways Three Heater is
the matrix within which the other officials live, it is vital that the Three Heater ‘hears’ at many levels
to maintain a harmonious environment.
Some texts say a deep pathway from Pericardium meets the Three Heater at Tian Liao. This
connection, as well as its many resonances with clear yang, make it not only a point to brighten the
Spirit and clear the Mind but also a stabilising point. It combines very well with PC 4, when Fire is
weak, vulnerable and erratic.
The pathway connections make this a great point both to activate the shoulder when there is pain with
more than one meridian involved. Another important point for shoulder pain, it is frequently tender in
cases of pain and stiffness. Good with needle and moxa. In particular, the crossing with Gallbladder
on the meridian and the proximity of GB 21 and TH 15 emphasise its role as Shao Yang, one of the
Six Divisions, and its ability to move qi where there is stagnation, whether as shoulder pain or
oppression in the chest. The connection with Yang Wei mai accounts for TH 15’s role in clearing
chills and fevers as Yang Wei mai releases pathogens.
If Heat and anger have lodged in this region around the neck this can be a good point to activate to
move through it into a clearer perspective and sense of purpose.
Indications For feeling weak in spirit and disconnected from oneself.

Shoulder, arm, neck pain, stiffness or heaviness, difficulty raising the arm, pain in the supraclavicular
fossa.
Oppression and stuffiness of the chest. Chills and fevers.

Point Name TH 16 TIAN YOU Heavenly Window Celestial Window
Commentary All Windows of Heaven refresh the senses of the meridian in which they reside. The Three Heater
works ceaselessly to maintain and regulate the environment of the other Officials. It is a mediator,
and it is so important that this harmonious environment is maintained that we have a front mu/alarm
point in each of the three jiao to check that all is well. How important it is then, that the Triple Heater
sees clearly, without contamination or prejudice, at every level of Body Mind and Spirit. If not, there
will be loss of easy communication, the senses and Spirit will be dulled, irritability, and agitation will
fester. The neck acts as a bridge to the heavenly aspect of the being and our senses. Free flow
between head and body is necessary, otherwise our dreams, thoughts, senses and all responsibilities of
the Three Heater become disturbed. If a person feels trapped by darkness, closed off from love, feels
a long term lack of joy, and has little optimism about the future, Celestial Window can act as
revelation.
Sometimes the reason to use the Window is that the Official has been working very hard and just
needs deep refreshment of the spirit. Heavenly Window will allow the Body, Mind, and Spirit to
sparkle and feel enthusiasm again.
On a physical level the portals or senses of the head are ‘windows’, the means of communication with
others and the world both in expressing ourselves, nourishing our spirit via our senses as well as
receiving from others. This point brightens the senses on a physical level as well. Heavenly Window
can free the qi, promote uplift of Sprit, and harmony within the Body, Mind and Spirit, which helps
shift and clarify the perspective, and enable freer communication.
Indications To uplift the spirit and brighten the senses when non-communicative, withdrawn.
Disturbed dreams.
Headaches, clouded vision, deafness (sudden onset), blurred vision and hearing, swollen face, heat in
the face, oppression of the chest.
Wind in the head, impaired sense of smell, stiff neck.

Point Name TH 17 YI FENG Wind Screen
Energetic Nature Crossing point with Gallbladder
Commentary The ‘screen’ is the ear, which protects the point. The point in turn can ‘screen’ and alleviate the ear.
As the ‘agent for the differentiation and distribution of the original qi’ (Nan Jing), the Three Heater
has a role in enabling only the purest aspect of qi to ascend to this heavenly area of the body. TH 16,
as a Window of the Sky, is responsible for refreshing the portals of the senses and this next point,
tucked away behind the ear, has a particular relationship with this portal at every level. Without the
‘screen’ of the ear, this point creviced between the mastoid process and the mandible would be very
vulnerable to Wind. The pure yang qi that the Three Heater brings to the ear, to hearing and the head
needs protection.
The Three Heater, as mediator between ourselves and others, needs to be able to receive information
without the agitation and possible irritability that invasion of Wind might cause. Three Heater needs
to be able to make sense of what it receives — hurt feelings can result from mishearing information —
and part of the Three Heater’s job is not only to protect the Heart from Wind (which it dislikes and
which can result in a scattering of the shen) but also to play its part in the protection of the deep joy
which is the natural state of Fire in the Body, Mind, Spirit. Being able to transform and integrate into
our being those words and sounds which nourish joy, and our wish to communicate lovingly with
others, makes this an important point.
The Three Heater pathway meets here with Gallbladder, both pathways enter the ear as well as
surrounding it. This is also a reminder of the relationship between Three Heater and Gallbladder as
Shao Yang. Shao Yang has great power for potential, for growth and the ear, as with the other senses,
is one way we receive new seeds of ideas, it is important that it functions well. This point is used for
many ear problems, whether from interior or external cause, pain from the ear radiating to the face and
mastoid, dizziness in the ear.
As this point also expels Wind from the face and head, it can be used for facial paralysis, arthritis in
the jaw, sudden voice loss, headache, fever, sensation of heaviness of the head, mania with aural
hallucinations, Bell’s Palsy.
Wind causes irritability, and if there is stagnation of qi and depression with headaches then this
point might be considered.
As with many of the Three Heater points which move qi it can also be used to soften masses and is
used for scrofula and lymph problems.
N.B. Needle with great care as it can be very painful if the angle or depth are incorrect.
Indications Helps with ‘hearing’ at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit.
Benefits the Ears. Expels Wind. Deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, ear infections from Wind and Damp-
Heat.
Headache, fever, sensation of heaviness of the head, mania with aural hallucinations, Bell’s Palsy,
trigeminal neuralgia, lockjaw.

Point Name TH 18 QI MAI Feeding Meridians Spasm Vessel Supporting Vessel
Energetic Nature
Commentary This is a fantastic and underused point. The Three Heater meridian bringing clear yang to the head —
the upper part of the body associated with the Spirit — emerges, after the ‘hiddenness’ of TH 17 onto
the skull, the residence for the extraordinary fu, the brain. All the yang aspects: activity, light, raising
up and warmth seem to be engendered by this point. It is a very strengthening and uplifting point and
can be a crucial point for Fire if, in spite of much fundamental work having been carried out in
treatment, the spark and embers of Fire, usually tended by the Three Heater, are somehow
insufficiently potent. Whether love nourishes the Blood and qi or vice versa, if the mix cannot be put
to use by and for the sustenance of the Three Heater then there will not be balance and harmony.
‘Feeding Meridians’ enhances the ability of the Three Heater to work with magnanimity and nuance
for the other zang/fu, as well as reinvigorating its capacity to reach out with warmth and love, to
encompass, receive and disseminate.
This point is used in clonic spasm, which contracts and spasms the muscles. It can calm Wind, and
this capacity is enhanced by Three Heater’s close association with Gallbladder (through the Six
Divisions, and in this instance, proximity). These same resonances allow it to calm fear, fright and a
startled Heart.
It is also used for ear problems, pain, tinnitus, deafness.

Wind affecting the head, headaches. Clonic spasm, infantile fright, epilepsy, spasm.
Vomiting, diarrhoea, poor eyesight, fear and fright, seminal emission.
Indications Depression, lack of vitality, strength and spark. Good for weakness at each level of Three Heater.
Headaches, ear problems, pain, tinnitus, deafness, epileptic diseases or psychotic fits.
Benefits the Ear. Relieves pain. Clears Heat.
Point Name TH 19 LU XI Skull Breathing Skull Breath Skull Resting
Energetic Nature
Commentary ‘Xi’ can mean to rest, or stuffiness and fullness (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989). Being on the head,
this point can be used to calm the spirit and move stagnation and pain when the head feels it is so
stuffed it might burst. The Three Heater works with every Official and if, for example, the middle
heater has been prone to overthinking or subjected to too many decision-making processes, then the
head can feel jammed, blocked. This point can help bring refreshment and clear thinking, as
‘breathing’ implies its ability to reestablish a harmonious and rhythmic pattern of being. When the
Heart and spirits have been stressed by worry, or one has lost a sense of self through fright affecting
the Heart, then this point can help soothe and calm the spirit.
The proximity of GB 10, Floating White and GB 11, Head Hole Yin, and the close relationship of the
Gallbladder and Three Heater add to the understanding of TH 19. Floating White has Metal element
resonances and is used in the treatment of lung disharmonies so the connection with Skull Breathing is
interesting. TH 19 can be used when there are respiration issues involving the Three Heater.
Head Hole Yin has an enlivening effect on all the ‘portals’/senses of the head so the freeing effect of
Skull Breathing is not in isolation in this area.
This point can ease fright, spasms, epilepsy and fright palpitations, caused by Wind in the head.
Indications Mental congestion, loss of sense of self. Soothes the spirit.

Tinnitus, ear pain, deafness, fright and fear, tetany, swelling of the ear with discharge and pus.
Cerebral congestion, dizziness, one-sided headache, infantile convulsions, rigidity across the back and
shoulders. Benefits the Ear. Dispels Wind and Heat. Moves qi.

Point Name TH 20 JIAO SUN Small Angle of the Ear Angle Vertex
The Grandson at the Angle Angle of Regeneration
Energetic Nature Crossing of TH, SI, and GB meridians
Commentary This is the uppermost point on the Three Heater meridian. It is worth remembering that the San Jiao/
Three Heater not only operates its influences through the three heaters of the Body, Mind, Spirit, but
at the level of the number three (the number of humanity and qi), influences everything that exchanges
and transforms between heaven and earth in the being. At this point the meridian is still in close
proximity to the ear, and from here, will travel via TH 21, 22 and 23 to the eye. So this official, who
provides so much by maintaining a harmonious environment for the other officials like an excellent
host, is closely linked with these two senses. To be socially adept and anticipate the needs of others,
to be able to receive information and to see with insight, we need to watch and to listen.
One of the alternative names, The Grandson at the Angle, seems to connect this ability of the Three
Heater to anticipate, see, hear accurately and to reach out, with the future, or at least with
consequences. The grandson is two generations hence. Three Heater and the Heart Protector work
very closely together. If the Three Heater is in a good state of health, able to generate warmth and
reach out to others, very often this will yield reciprocal warmth and affection and the Heart Protector
will be nourished and feel less vulnerable. If the Three Heater is unable to fulfill this role then almost
inevitably the Heart Protector will suffer and wither from lack of joy and lack of contact.
TH 20 is a crossing point with the Small Intestine and Gallbladder, reminding one both of its role in
aiding and regulating digestion as well as distributing qi throughout the Body/Mind/Spirit. The
location, directly below GB 8, Flowing Valley, which plays a role in regulating the diaphragm and
middle jiao, reminds one how important it is for the spirit that qi, information and emotions are
smoothly accommodated into one’s being so as not to cause shock to the system or spirits. At this
high point, the Three Heater anticipates the needs of the Officials and soothes qi, helping to direct
only clear yang qi to the senses. This is why it is said to benefit the ear, clear the head, brighten the
eye and steady the spirit. If lack of joy, erratic mood swings, unstable temperature distribution or
energy regulation have been disturbing the patient, this point can help reestablish steady contact with
clear heavenly influences and bring warmth and joy to the spirit.
Being a reunion point of the meridians around the ear, it benefits the ear and affects the eye and face,
jaw and mouth.
Indications Steadies and brightens the spirit and re-establishes vitality and clarity.
Benefits the ear. Clears the Head. Brightens the eyes. Dispels Wind and Heat from the local area and
associated meridians.
Red and swollen eyes, toothache, swelling of gums, stiffness in the nape of the neck.

Point Name TH 21 ER MEN Ear Gate Ear Door
Energetic Nature
Commentary Much of what has been said for TH 20 can be applied here, certainly with regard to the role of the
Gallbladder, Three Heater and Small Intestine and the importance of being able to digest smoothly
what one hears. TH 21 is not a crossing point, TH 20 provided that, but this area in front of the ear is
still very much the territory of these officials, because for good hearing you need all those abilities of
anticipation, discrimination, clarity. All three are concerned with diffusion of yang qi to the head and
with maintaining the purity of qi.
‘Ear Gate’: gates facilitate and regulate access, and also keep and protect. This point at the superior
edge of the tragus both benefits and protects the ear and is a major point for deafness, tinnitus and all
hearing problems.
Ear Gate, or Ear Door as it is also known, can be a door that affects the Heart, and Three Heater,
needs to be in good balance to not only regulate the waterways and ditches but also to regulate the
way audible information is received. For the incoming information to be made sense of and to nourish
Body, Mind and Spirit, we need to be able to adjust to speed of speech, accent, assess the intention
behind the words and to know when to defend ourselves from the impact of what is being said and
how to respond appropriately. The purification that Fire activates needs to be exercised when
listening to our own internal voice or conscience. When we feel contaminated, it’s hard to have good
relations with the world, when we are deep in depression or feel our heart is frozen everything we hear
sounds like a harsh drone and nothing excites or pleases us. The isolation that people who have
impaired hearing complain of: feeling left out, excluded, missing the point of a joke, not being able to
join in banter or repartee, is resonant with those who feel cut off in spirit, who can’t hear words of
friendship or warmth, or their own sense of spirit. It can lead to paranoia and self-loathing. This point
has its uses for all kinds of deafness where the Three Heater is implicated.
Local point for the face, jaw and lips.
Indications Opens and Benefits the ears. It is located at the ‘gate’ of the ear. Good for those unable to ‘hear’ and
receive.
Dispels Wind, Cold and Heat.
Tinnitus, deafness, itching and discharge.
Tempero-mandibular joint pain/arthritis.
Headache from rising Liver-yang and lip stiffness .

Point Name TH 22 HE LIAO Harmony Bone Grain Bone Hole Harmony Hollow
Energetic Nature Exit point

Crossing point with Gallbladder (and Small Intestine [Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989])
Commentary Ellis, Wiseman and Boss (1989): “The Ling Shu says when the Kidney is in harmony the ears can hear
the five sounds. As this point enters the ears it is said to harmonise the Kidney.” Harmony in this
instance applies to sounds, our ability to hear the whole range of sounds and to be able to put notes
together in a harmonious way. It is particularly apt here, the exit point on the Three Heater, when so
much about the work of the Three Heater is to create harmony within and among the Officials. This
Official has as one of its most important and mysterious roles, that of the background negotiator who
also provides the field, or information matrix for the other officials to operate within. The San Jiao
operates between all the officials and the source from which they came, and works constantly for
homeostasis. As such the Three Heater is continually stretched and, perhaps more than any other
official, works harder still when any imbalance impacts anywhere around the system, so maintaining
harmony can take its toll.
This point can help rectify disharmony when there are problems with hearing, whether at a Body,
Mind or Spirit level. If the Three Heater isn’t working well then not only may we not hear all the
possible resonance of sounds along our Harmony Bone, but we may also be unable to resonate
appropriately emotionally. If the subtle nuances of the Three Heater are absent, we may not just blow
hot and cold, we may switch off from feeling or compassion or never feel deeply or passionately about
anything because our qi is dissipated, because we are running too hot, or it has become inert because
we’re cold. or our waterways are not flowing but have become stagnant.
As the crossing point of the SI, GB and TH meridians it can dispel Wind.
It is the exit point between Three Heater and Gallbladder, a point of transition where free flow is
essential for harmonious and coordinated living.
Indications For ‘hearing’ problems of the Mind and Spirit.

Isolation, lack of joy, inappropriate responses to others.
Harmonises the Kidney and is said to help swelling of the tip of the nose.
Tinnitus, headache, lockjaw, heavy head, swelling of the jaw, dryness of the mouth.

Point Name TH 23 SI ZHU KONG Silk Bamboo Hollow Giant Bone Hole
Moon Bone Hole
Energetic Nature
Commentary The last point on Three Heater travels to the lateral end of the eyebrow. It ends near the eye, which it
enlivens, and just above GB 1, the Official it partners in Shao Yang. TH 22 is the exit point, however,
so this point completes the superficial meridian journey of the Three Heater rather than taking it in to
new meridian territory. What it is said to do, after all the yang attributes the Three Heater has
displayed in its travels, is to direct the qi deep down, allowing all the influence of Three Heater to
percolate within. Perhaps this action is more appropriate here than at the exit point which connects so
directly with the Gallbladder. Three Heater is the official that keeps the embers of Fire going. When
it is well it can maintain that warmth in a steady fashion, and this point takes it deep within. Steady
warmth of Body, Mind and Spirit is an important characteristic for Fire. Uncontrolled extremes of
environment don’t help maintain equable interactions with people, or help maintain and manage one’s
work and the tasks of life, nor do they help us remain connected with the source of love and
inspiration. When someone’s Fire has gone out and they are cold, chilled to the heart and with no
ability to join with others socially or in love, their shen is compromised, deep joy and delight in life
disappear.
The use of this point can be like blowing on nearly extinguished embers, it warms the inner part of
one’s being. Conversely, when Fire has raged out of control and is causing mania, or Liver yang
rising has affected the spirit and is causing mental disturbance with headache, this point can balance
out of control Fire, calm the spirit and restore equilibrium. Nan Jing 8 describes the Three Heaters as
the guardians of the spirits against perverse influences and this point can be used to protect in this way.
The middle way is the best way for the Three Heater, it allows and enables the other officials to
function and finds that accommodating everyone’s needs happens most easily when it is not being
pushed to an extreme. This point’s function of taking warmth deep within is balanced by TH 11, Pure
Cold Abyss.
Local point for eye problems and headache around the outer corner of the eyebrow particularly from
Liver yang rising.
Local point in facial paralysis if there is an inability to raise the eyebrow.
Brightens the eye. Expels Wind. Eases pain. Subdues hyperactive Liver Wind.
Indications Needing warmth deep within for Body, Mind and Spirit.
Brightens the eye.
Eye disorders, optic nerve atrophy, blurred vision. Pain and swelling of the eyes, twitching of eyes.
Seizures, hysteria with vision loss, facial paralysis, conjunctivitis.
Migraine, one sided headache, headaches, dizziness, trigeminal neuralgia, pain in jaw.

The Gallbladder
Meridian
Point Name GB 1 TONG ZI LIAO Orbit Bone Pupil Crevice Pupil’s Seam
Pupil Bone Hole

One deep branch of the primary meridian goes from GB 1 down the cheek to the mandible connecting
with ST 5, then up to the inferior border of the zygomatic bone, crossing the TH meridian and joining
SI 18, and down the angle of the mandible to join ST 6, finally passing on down the neck to reach ST
12 where it reconnects with the main channel.
Commentary The Gall Bladder is an extraordinary fu, it works with only what is pure, clear and with the essences.
It is responsible for what is just and exact, determination and decision are said to stem from it. The
special place the Gall Bladder occupies, not a zang although it stores essences that are used within the
body, and not quite like the other fu because it has no contact with the exterior or directly with food
gives it an in-between position, is reflected in the course of the meridian. Its connection with Three
Heater as Shao Yang is also a pivoting or hinge position. Given its role as the Upright official of
Decisions and Judgement, Orbit Bone is an ideal vantage point for the superficial Gall Bladder
meridian to start. In order to arrive at the decision to act you need to be able to assess your
surroundings and look around, pivot, before acting you need to be flexible, to consider alternatives.
Then, at the moment you determine to act, having marshaled all your forces, you concentrate all your
being and mentally look straight ahead without further hesitation. This capacity to act comes from the
Gall Bladder’s association with the beginning of things, Spring, the movement of life to unfold, and
with its ability to force a passage and to bring together and organise the other Officials. The qi of the
Gall Bladder is firm and direct.
All this action needs to be well rooted in yin, in calm and equilibrium if it is not to become over
excited with the young yang (shao yang) of its nature and lose control over the emotions. Through its
connection with Three Heater, shao yang, it has a connection with the yuan qi, the qi of the origin. So
the Gall Bladder works from the depths to the Heavens, working with pure essences and helping to
provide a place for the shen. Its responsibility for what is just and exact together with this connection
with the origin means it determines, in good health, a strong and virtuous direction for one’s life while
remaining imaginative, flexible and tranquil.
Here at GB 1 you have the two aspects of the Wood element, the Gallbladder “The Upright Official of
Decisions and Judgement” and the Liver “The Planning Official”; the Liver is responsible for
nourishing and energising the eyes; both are essential for vision and planning. If one’s sleep is fitful
with vivid dreams because the hun are disturbed, or one has a headache, it is hard to make sound,
creative decisions, whether rational or intuitive. This point can be used to promote clarity and vision
at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit. Gallbladder timidity, when one lacks the courage to decide,
make judgements, grow and assert oneself, when indecision and uncertainty plague one’s life, can be
assisted by this point which captures so much of the essence of the Gallbladder. Looked at another
way, myopia at any level can make one hesitate to act. The point is named for its location in the
depression on the lateral aspect of the orbit bone and many of its functions are connected to local use
for the eye.
The Gallbladder meridian, as well as its own symptomatology, is frequently used in treatment to
relieve symptoms from disharmony in its yin partner within the Wood element, the Liver. The
Gallbladder meridian is said to be the pathway for the rising qi of the Liver. This can be seen, for
example, with migraine which often follows the GB pathway and for which a GB point might be used
to send the qi downwards away from the head. The GB meridian, as the more yang aspect of Wood,
also has many points which disperse Wind, to which the Liver is averse whether internal or externally
caused.
GB 1 expels Wind and Wind Heat and can be used for redness, painful swollen eyes and itching from
an invasion of Wind. It clears Fire and is a local point for eye problems caused by Liver Fire such as
red, dry, painful eyes. GB 1 is used locally for migraine headaches or pain around the lateral aspect of
the eye or temple from Liver yang or Liver Fire rising. When an attack of Wind has led to facial
paralysis affecting the eye and mouth, the deep pathway connection with ST 5 and 6 make this a
useful point.
Indications Lack of vision and clarity. Indecision, timidity Deviation of the mouth and eye from internal/external
Wind Redness, tearing, soreness of the eyes from Wind or Wind-Heat Headache and temporal pain.

Point Name GB 2 TING HUI Hearing Assembly Reunion of Hearing Auditory Convergence
Hearing Convergence Hearing Laughter Hinge
Energetic Nature This point must be found with the mouth open.
Commentary The Gallbladder as Upright Official of Decision and Judgement has to decide when to implement the
strategies of its paired official, the ‘General of the Armed Forces’, the Liver. The Gallbladder
pathway started by the eye and drops in front of the ear, “Hearing Assembly’. In order to determine
the correct moment to act, one needs to assemble one’s advisors, in this case our senses. So here we
see the pathway of this Official whose role is to be just and exact, and which deals only with pure
essence traveling between the senses and then on into action. One way imbalance in the Wood
element can be indicated is through over rigidity, being sure one is right and unable to hear anyone
else’s point of view. This can occur because Gall Bladder qi is deficient and one becomes rigid from
a type of fear, or if insufficiently rooted in yin it can lose the capacity to reflect and assess so it keeps
to the same old track. When someone is so set on their own judgement or plan they cannot hear any
advice or alternative views from anyone else, this point can activate the GB channel to increase
flexibility and receptivity. Driven by a need to control and direct, this Official can become unbending
in Body, Mind and Spirit. This point will also maintain the clarity of the Gall Bladder — if the
functioning of this Official is impaired in any way, we may not hear what is being said to us. The
location of the point and the pathway of the GB give this point its action of benefitting the ears and
this is its main function; to affect the ears whether affected by Wind, Heat, Cold or to ease pain. It is
often combined with TH 17 for ear problems. TH and GB are the Hand and Leg aspect of the Shao
Yang and work well together. Similarly it can be used as a local point for facial pain or deviation,
mumps, headache, toothache from Wind, Heat or Wind-Cold, to relax the sinews and when there are
jaw problems.
Indications Unable to hear at the level of the Mind and Spirit.

Local use for painful ears, discharging ears, tinnitus, otitis media
Facial pain, toothache, mumps
Point Name GB 3 SHANG GUAN Upper Pass Upper Gate Guest Host Greater Yang
Generous Host
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder, Three Heater and Stomach meridians
Commentary The name Guest Host refers to the Gallbladder receiving as host the Three Heater and Stomach
meridians. Some texts also refer to a link with Bl 1.
Upper Pass or Upper Gate refers to the mandibular joint which is a ‘guan’ or gate in Chinese. GB 3
eliminates Wind and is useful in local disturbances of the Shao Yang (GB and TH) where there is
headache, facial pain in combination with Shao Yang fever, aversion to Cold or Wind and aching body.
As a local point it benefits the ears, affecting both the TH and GB pathways, which pass around the
ears. Activates the channel. Eases local pain, used for similar reasons to GB 2 where the ears, eyes,
face and jaw are affected.
Indications Earache Deafness Tinnitus

Headache
Toothache, especially of the upper jaw, deviation of eye and mouth
Shao Yang stage of the Six Divisions of yin/yang
Shallow insertion of the needle is important because of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve.
3-5 fen maximum

Point Name GB 4 HAN YAN Loathsome Jaws Forehead Fullness
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder, Three Heater and Stomach meridians
Commentary This point is in the area which can bulge when we clench our jaw with rage or tension or fail to speak
out. The meridian negotiates another about turn in direction here and if the free flow of qi that is so
important to the Wood element is impeded, frustration can distort judgement. Stagnation can lead to
the build up of heat affecting the ears and eyes and to outbursts of impatience and anger. This point
may be used to free the qi.
GB 4 activates the meridian and is used for neck pain affecting the pathways of TH and GB. As a
local point, the connection with the Stomach meridian makes it a useful point for toothache, sneezing,
facial paralysis, facial pain.
Eases pain locally and is classically used for pain in the wrist. It is useful for joint pain when
accompanied by sweating. It is also said to settle fright.
Eliminates Wind and is used for migraine, especially if one-sided and particularly if there is pain
along Tai Yang (SI/BL). Also used when there is Wind in the head, vertigo, epilepsy or convulsions.
Clears Heat and is used for pain and redness of the outer canthus. Used for visual dizziness and
headaches when the body feels hot.
Indications Frustration.
One sided headache. Vertigo. Convulsions.
Local pain, facial paralysis. Pain in the wrist and joints.
Tinnitus. Toothache.
Settles fright.
Point Name GB 5 XUAN LU Suspended Skull Marrow Hole Rice Bite Hanging Skull
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder, Three Heater, Stomach and Large Intestine meridians.
Commentary Smooth coordination and flow of all faculties of Body, Mind and Spirit are part of the roles of the
Liver and Gallbladder. As the official for Judgement and Decisions, immense stress is placed on the
Gallbladder to facilitate all the timing and transactions within the Body, Mind and Spirit. Imbalance
here may be shown as clumsiness, an inability to negotiate one’s environment, inability to grow,
develop and execute a plan whether for a simple journey or one’s life. This point is used for
disturbance of movement, lack of coordination or lack of determination to proceed with one’s plan.
Without this smooth facilitation anger, frustration or resignation may cloud the spirit and thwart the
potential of the person.
GB 5 is close to the motor area of the brain and this point is useful after Wind Stroke. This point
activates the meridian and can be used when there is cerebral weakness and congestion.
GB 5 is a crossing point with the Yang Ming. The Stomach is the Origin of Fluids and the Large
Intestine absorbs and eliminates fluids, this crossing point is useful for facial swelling (with or
without redness/heat) toothache, nasal discharge, rhinitis and nosebleed. Locally it relieves pain
and can be used for toothache and headache. Disperses swelling.
GB 5 expels Wind and Clears Heat and so can be used for migraine (especially one sided),
deafness, epilepsy, pain in the outer canthus. It is also useful when there is fever with ‘vexation
and fullness’ i.e. agitation and fullness with absence of sweating, and can affect both the Shao
Yang and the Yang Ming meridians.
Indications Lack of determination. Frustration from poor coordination. Motor impairment of movement and
speech.
Facial swelling. Nasal discharge. Headache. Fever with agitation and absence of sweating.

Point Name GB 6 XUAN LI Suspended Regulator Suspended Tuft
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder, Three Heater, Stomach and Large Intestines.
Commentary The Gallbladder facilitates coordination and grants the courage to act. When there is disturbance
within the Gallbladder official, mental and emotional problems, timidity (‘small gallbladder’),
weakness and lack of penetration in mental functioning, lack of motivation, speech difficulties, and
disturbance of movement can result. GB 6 can calm the mind and restore clarity and strength to the
Spirit and Mind. It can be combined with GB 9 and 34 for these purposes. GB 34 is the Influential
point for the sinews/tendons and can help restore and remove constriction of smooth flow and this, in
combination with GB 6 which removes obstructions from the meridian, can assist and strengthen the
Gallbladder.
GB 6 removes obstructions from the meridian. Benefits the ear and is used for ear problems with pain
extending to the sides of the head along the Gallbladder channel. For tinnitus, pain in the outer
canthus and sneezing, facial swelling and redness. GB 6 expels Wind and clears Heat. Important for
treatment of migraine due to Liver yang rising, Liver Fire or Liver Wind. It should be needled at a 15
degree angle towards the back of the head. Used when there is an absence of sweating in Heat
diseases.
Indications Lack of courage or penetrating thought.

Problems of coordination involving speech and movement.
Ear problems.
Liver yang rising headaches.
Point Name GB 7 QU BIN Crooked Hair on the Temples Temporal Hairline Curve
Hair Curve
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder and Bladder meridians.
Commentary At GB 7 the meridian forms another angle to negotiate the terrain behind the ear, another place where
the information within the qi of the Gallbladder can become stuck. This point benefits the mouth and
jaw, a reminder that having linked the eyes and ears so far on its journey the Gallbladder meridian can
benefit the mouth, through which decisions can be issued when the timing is deemed exact and correct.
When the Wood element is out of balance these decisions may be issued more as a proclamation,
barked or, conversely, whispered in timidity.
Qu Bin is also used for neck pain from any cause whether an external invasion of Wind or when we
have a stiff neck as a result of being out of joint or step with the world. As another point that traverses
the brain it can be used to enliven the functioning of the Gallbladder’s role in maintaining clarity of
mind and spirit. The meeting with the Bladder can benefit the eyes and both meridians nourish and
refresh the brain. Both can prompt clear thinking and the Bladder can assist the Gallbladder’s
tendency to get stuck along its convoluted meridian, helping with lubrication and moving the qi on.
Benefits the mouth and jaw. Disperses swelling. Eliminates Wind and relieves pain. Clears Heat.
Can be used for neck pain, particularly when movement of the neck is restricted and sudden loss of
speech.
Indications Fogginess of mind and spirit causing frustration. Neck pain. Headache. Infantile convulsions.
Swelling of the cheek, lockjaw, clenched jaws, deviation of mouth and eye pain in the temporal region.
Retching and vomiting. Toothache and tooth decay.

Point Name GB 8 SHUAI GU Flowing Valley Leading Valley Valley Lead
Following the Bone
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder and Bladder meridians
Commentary GB 8 harmonises the diaphragm and stomach and can be a useful point when disharmony across the
k’e cycle is causing problems for the Mind and Spirit. This point can be useful when someone’s
mental processes are in a spin, their Wood in is trouble and they can’t prosecute a decision or even
make a decision, or their Spirit and Mental processes are contaminated instead of pure. This might
lead to a sense of aggravation or despondency, and may see Wood correspondingly over-control or
fail to control Earth, so now there is the overthinking of Earth in distress to add to the mix. This kind
of middle jiao turmoil is extremely distressing to the patient, very wearing for the spirit and can mean
the person has no harvest in their life because they couldn’t birth ideas and act. Flowing Valley
implies movement through a protected place. Impeding the movement of the Gallbladder frequently
leads to irritation and anger — this point can ease the passage of this official.
This influence on the diaphragm and the Stomach is useful when Liver qi has invaded the Stomach
across the k’e cycle or if there is Heat and Phlegm in the Stomach and Gallbladder. Used for
vomiting from drunkenness and when alcohol has induced severe headache by increasing Heat in
the Liver or by encouraging Damp and Heat in the Gallbladder and Stomach.
The effect of GB 8 in harmonising the Stomach and diaphragm is useful also when there is Cold
and Phlegm in the Stomach and Diaphragm. This can be accompanied by vexation and fullness
after eating, persistent retching and vomiting, cough with phlegm and pain in the diaphragm. This
is often seen in combination with Gallbladder and Liver Heat and stagnation.
Used as a local point for ear problems from the rising of Liver yang, such as tinnitus and deafness.
Migraines caused by rising Liver yang, Liver Fire, Liver Wind or when exterior Wind invades the
head. One-sided headache, especially when locally tender. Also particularly useful when there is
migraine with nausea.
Eliminates Wind, especially Wind affecting the head with pain at the corners of the forehead,
vertigo, infantile convulsions, acute thirst.
Benefits the ears and head and relieves pain.
Indications Indecision and overthinking, unable to plan ahead.

Tinnitus. Deafness. Stomach Cold with Phlegm. Eye disorders.

Point Name GB 9 TIAN CHONG Heaven Rushing Penetrating Heaven Celestial Hub
Celestial Surge Celestial Crossroads
Energetic Nature Can be used as a Window of the Sky

Meeting point of Gallbladder and Bladder meridians
Commentary The Heavenly part of its name comes from its location on the head. Some texts consider it as a
Window of the Sky rather than SI 17. There is no ‘official’ Window of the Sky on the Gallbladder
and Liver meridians because the Wood element as a whole is so much about sight, insight, vision, and
the necessity to maintain a clear and pure context for all the transmissions of life. The fact that it both
has heavenly in its name and that Tian Chong is also the name of a star indicates that it was seen as a
powerful point. Here it is placed close to a sense organ, the ear, near the lateral speech area of scalp
acupuncture. This location, and the Gall Bladder’s role as an extraordinary fu, with its effect on
decision-making, judgement, courage, and purity of vision, make this point important. As with
Windows of the Sky, it is much used for depression of the Spirit, loss of perspective where the Mind
and Spirit of the person are too influenced by outside factors or closed off from them. Similarly it can
be used to promote the functioning of the sense organs, the activity of yang clarity in the head,
reconnecting Body, Mind and Spirit.
The Crossroads or Hub in the name is because it is a crossing point of GB and Bladder. The
Gallbladder is a hub, or central place where the other eleven officials come to make their decisions
and judgements. The pure essences of the Gallbladder are essential to ensure the upright and correct
decisions are made and they help provide a suitable environment for the spirits to choose to dwell in
us.
GB 9 settles and calms the Spirit, useful where the person is prone to fear and fright from ‘small
Gallbladder’ timidity. It has a powerful effect on the Mind and Spirit and is used along with distal
points when there is mania from Wind and Heat agitating the mind or when there is serious mental
disease, when it is often combined with GB 6 and 34.
Clears Gallbladder Heat. Removes obstructions from the channel.

Subdues rising qi. This point helps subdue the rising of rebellious qi and send it downwards. This use
of the point is indicated by the Chong aspect in its name which indicates it can assist with diseases
which involve surging of qi. Used for headaches on the sides of the head caused by rising Liver yang
rising, Liver Fire or Liver Wind.
Eliminates Interior Wind and so is used for convulsions, epilepsy or muscle spasm.
Calms spasms and like GB 5 and 6 can be useful where there is loss of coordination in mental
functioning, movement and speech.
Indications Toxicity, lack of vision at the level of the mind and spirit.
Lack of coordination.
Susceptibility to fear and fright.
Gallbladder headaches.
Swelling of the gums, damp and itching of the ear.
Convulsions Insanity. Wind-tetany.

Point Name GB 10 FU BAI Floating White
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder and Bladder meridians
Commentary Just after GB 9 with its window like properties comes Floating White, another wonderful point for the
Mind and Spirit. A point which encompasses the resonances of Gallbladder and Metal; the
Gallbladder, which is the extraordinary fu of what is pure and clear, which deals with what is just and
exact; and Metal, again concerned with issues of balance and inspiration. Raised to this high level this
point helps maintain our higher purpose with uprightness and clarity and a balanced perspective.
Brought together in this point, these two influences have different movements but both help us to
reflect the virtue of the spirits. The Gallbladder is about the courage to act, not to hesitate and to
associate with what is clear and exact. Metal moves to return us back towards the inside, to
concentrate and condense the richness of our experience into wisdom, here it provides a natural
counterbalance to the young yang movement of the Gallbladder, with its capacity to force a passage.
The Lungs guard the p’o, our animal soul /earthly spirits, which are our instinctive rhythms and
reactions in life. The p’o is associated with the essences, their movement is downwards and yin, they
need to be rooted in yang to be strong. The Gall Bladder is linked via Shao yang with the Original qi
but its movement is yang, springing up and diffusing what is pure, clear and heavenly, bringing great
vitality to the workings of the Body, Mind and Spirit. The refreshment and clear sightedness this
point can bring to the Mind and Spirit can help to renew hope and action where previously everything
seemed dull, inert and worthless.
Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) make a neat link with the uses of this point and the translation of its
name, ‘fu’ refers to floating or rising and the Gallbladder channel is where many of the symptoms of
Liver yang rising manifest, while ‘bai’ white is the colour resonant with Metal. The authors refer to
the Metal-like qualities of this point in restraining Wood (k’e cycle relationship) and hence its use in
treating headache or dizziness from Liver yang rising.
‘Bai’ is taken as a reference to the Lung and this point is used in the treatment of lung disharmonies,
thoracic fullness with gasping, stuck bi in the throat and counterflow cough. The Gallbladder primary
meridian passes through the chest as well as passing through the throat. This gives it a role in
symptomatology affecting the neck, such as stiffness, swelling and obstruction in the neck. If Liver qi
is not free flowing then fluids in the body will not be transformed as they should and if there has been
Heat from Liver yang rising these fluids can become Phlegm. As the exteriorly related meridian the
Gallbladder is often used to clear these.
As a point local to the ear it is worth remembering that the meridian not only travels around the ear
but passes into the ear and can be used for tinnitus and deafness and toothache. GB 10 can be used as
a distal point for flaccidity of the legs. The Influential point of the sinews GB 34, lies on the
Gallbladder meridian and points both locally and distal are used for problems with the sinews.
As one of the six divisions of yin/yang, this point can be used to clear pathogenic factors affecting the
Shao Yang (GB/TH) particularly when there are alternating chills and fever. This point can help clear
the head, affect the neck and ear, and, through its crossing with the Bladder channel, the eye. It
activates the meridian and eases pain.
Indications Good when depression has dulled the determination of the Gallbladder.
Headache or dizziness from Liver yang rising. Heaviness of the head.
Chills and fever. Stiffness, swelling, stuck bi in the throat, toothache.
Fullness of the chest, with chest pain. Counterflow cough with Phlegm.

Point Name GB 11 TOU QIAO YIN Head Hole Yin Head Portal Yin Yin Portals of the Head
Energetic Nature Meeting point of the Gallbladder, Bladder and Small Intestine meridians.
Commentary This point has the same name as GB 44 (Foot) Hole yin. The ‘holes’ or ‘portals’ refer to the orifices
of the sense organs of the five zang, which both these points are said to be able to affect; the eyes
(sense organ of the Liver: eye pain), tongue (under the rule of the Heart: stiffness or bleeding from the
root), the mouth (Spleen: tastes), the nose (Lungs: congestion), and the ears (associated with the
Kidneys: ear pain, tinnitus, deafness). This may link to the idea that this point activates the branch of
the Gallbladder which leaves the next point GB 12 Wan Gu, travels to Three Heater 17 behind the
mastoid process, enters the ear, then emerges in front of the ear at Small Intestine 19, passing Stomach
7 on its way back to GB 1 at the lateral canthus. It clears the head and benefits the sense organs.
GB 11 and 44 can be used together, above and below, to reinforce the spirit of this official, whose
work necessitates the use of the senses to judge the appropriate timing and coordination of decisions.
Anything which acts as a portal or gate effects a shift in perspective or entry to new territory. The
Gallbladder Official with its role as an extraordinary fu, has a role in enlivening and purifying the
sense organs at every level of being. If the Gallbladder is not well regulated then it can lose control
over the emotions which then clouds its judgement and senses. When there has been contamination at
the level of the spirit due to Gallbladder imbalance, or indecision and frustration, infection or
stagnation this point can activate qi flow and restore the hope associated with Wood and possibly lost
through despair.
While the Gallbladder has no Window of the Sky as such, GB 9, 10 and 11, all located on the utmost
part of the body can bring that clarity and reconnection. The Wood element as a whole has to do with
vision and this may be why there is no specific Window. Both the primary and sinew channels of the
Gallbladder pass this area of the ear as well as the lateral areas of the body.
This point is indicated for many of the same uses as GB 10: headache, stiffness and swelling of the
neck. Also pain along the reaches of the pathway, the lateral costal region, flaccidity or contraction
of the sinews of the limbs. Also cough and heat affecting the hands and feet, absence of sweating.
Indications To return brightness and clarity to the Mind and Spirit of Gallbladder.
To help with co-ordination.
For dullness, headache, tinnitus, stiffness of neck, obstruction in the throat.
Pain in the eyes, ears, tongue. Bitter taste in the mouth.
Pain in the lateral costal regions and sinews of the limbs.

Point Name GB 12 WAN GU Final Bone Completion Bone Whole Bone
Energetic Nature Meeting point of the Gallbladder and Bladder meridians. From here a branch of the GB travels to TH
17 behind the mastoid process, enters the ear then emerges in front of the ear at SI 19, passing ST 7 on
its way back to GB 1 at the lateral canthus.
Commentary Wan Gu is the traditional name for the mastoid process. This is a major point for the Wood element in
the neck region. GB 12 harmonises the spirit, calming or enlivening as needed. If someone’s Wood qi
is very stagnant at the level of the spirit, lacking vision or courage to move forward and grow, then this
point, which is on the head (the heavenly part of the body), can bring clarity and movement. When the
spirit of Wood is frayed by life or illness or the person feels life is a battle the whole time, their finer
qualities may become lost and instead of benevolence manifesting as the virtue of Wood, we see
someone curmudgeonly and irritable. This point can refresh the spirit. It is yet another point on the
Gallbladder meridian where the pathway changes direction, from here it double backs to the front of
the head, a reminder of how important the Gallbladder is to mental functioning and the heavenly
aspect of a person.
This point is used to calm the spirit when Heat or Wind from Liver yang rising or Wind are
disturbing the hun and shen, resulting in shen disturbance, mania, psychosis, and insomnia. For
insomnia, it is often used in combination with BL 18 Gan Shu and BL 19 Dan Shu or the Extra
point An mian ‘Peaceful Sleep’ (found posterior and slightly superior to GB 12). If the Gallbladder
is deficient, the quality of a person’s sleep will be affected, so they wake early and cannot get back
to sleep. Their dreams may be full of conflict, fights and suicide. This point can be used both
locally to expel exterior Wind affecting the ear or head, stiffness and pain of the neck or to calm
interior Wind.
It is a local point for headaches along the Gallbladder channel due to Liver yang rising or Liver
Wind. It is a useful point, because of its pathway connections, for facial paralysis affecting the eye,
mouth, jaw. This also makes it helpful for toothache and pain in the jaw.
Benefits the head. Relieves pain. Dispels Wind and Cold. Clears Heat, subdues rising qi.
Indications Helps move the Mind and Spirit through inertia. Harmonises the Spirit.
Facial swelling and paralysis. Mania. Seizures.
Headache. Dizziness. Tinnitus, pain in and behind the ear.
Neck pain and stiffness, throat pain and obstruction.

Point Name GB 13 BEN SHEN Root Spirit Mind Root Rib Bone Hole
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai
Commentary A very important point for the spirit. Chapter 8 of the Ling Shu is called Ben Shen (Rooted in Spirit).
The spirit is the root of a person and if this is weak or disturbed then it is difficult to maintain a steady
and conscious path in life. The penetrating and stabilising effect of this point is enhanced by its action
of gathering essence to the head. Essence is the root of Original qi and the basis of our mental and
emotional life. The direction and exactitude with which the Gallbladder can guide our life has to be
rooted in essence. Strong essence underpins a calm conscious emotional life played out with courage
and will. To emphasise this use, GB 13 might be combined with other points such as REN 4.
Without the courage and vision of the Wood element being well rooted in essence, and in its mother
element Water, judgment goes awry and courage can become inwardly-directed fear and anger, the
spirit being gnawed away with suspicion and jealousy.
The divergent channel of the Gallbladder enters the Heart and Wood is the Mother element of Fire,
emphasising the need for the relationships of these elements to be harmonious. It is hard to focus on
plans and the future if one feels constantly under threat. This point can refresh, cleanse and help root
the Body,Mind and Spirit. When one is well rooted within oneself and without toxicity distorting
one’s perceptions, one’s sense of self is strong and less easily knocked off course by difficulties
encountered in life.
Being a point on the Yang Wei Mai (one of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels which gathers all the yang
of the body) emphasises the role of this point in bringing clarity, vigour, outgoingness and purity (the
GB as an extraordinary fu deals only with refined substance).
To arrive at GB 13 the meridian has traversed the head to just within the hairline, restating the
important role of this extraordinary fu for the senses and the heavenly aspect of our being. This point
is used in cases of mental and spirit level disturbance because of its direct connection with the spirit.
When Fire affects the Heart and Gallbladder creating florid behaviour, or when Liver yang rising and
Heart Fire combine to create madness and hallucinations, use this point combined with HT 5 Tong Li
and GB 38, Yang Fu, or to calm the spirit and calm Fire with DU 24 Shen Ting, and PC 5 Jian Shi.
Phlegm is often a factor in florid behaviour, formed when the smooth flow of Liver qi is interrupted
and the excretion of bile by the Gallbladder is impaired, causing stagnation and affecting the
transformation of fluids in the body. If these fluids condense to form Phlegm, they may block the
orifices of the mind and spirit. Phlegm particularly affects the head. If thinking becomes fixed or
worry constant, particularly when this is mixed with confusion and frustration from the Liver,
Gallbladder, and Spleen not cooperating, or if the Gallbladder’s power to break through obstruction is
lost, this point can help to relieve these disharmonies.
Ben Shen also eliminates internal Wind and is used for Wind Stroke and convulsions.
Indications Calms the shen and Mind. Eliminates Wind. Gathers Essence to the head. Clears the brain.
Resolves Phlegm.
Spirit unrooted. Childhood fright.
Florid mental behaviour. Hallucinations. Insanity. Jealousy, suspicion, fear, obsessive thought.
Wind stroke, facial paralysis. Epilepsy. Stiff nape and neck, lateral costal pain.
Nausea with foamy vomiting. Calms the Liver.

Point Name GB 14 YANG BAI Yang White Yang Brightness
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai, the Stomach and Three Heater.
Commentary The Gallbladder is responsible for what is just and exact, and determination and decision stem from it.
When the Gallbladder has been overtaxed, the result may not just be an invasion of Wind or lethargy
but an inability to rouse the qi to make a decision. Yang White helps rectify imbalance in the Wood
element when Body/Mind/Spirit needs galvanising into action, to help push through a state of
indecision. Reflection is necessary to make a wise decision, but too much breeds inertia. Yang White
helps the Gallbladder take the next step. The power of Wood is to birth projects and if a person fails
to experience this, or fails to experience a cyclical sense of Spring in their life, they can become sour
and cynical.
Being located on the front of the head (which is associated with yang and the Spirit), and being a point
on the Yang Wei mai (which links it with all the pure yang attributes of the Body, Mind and Spirit),
the clarity the Gallbladder meridian can bring is emphasized. This clarity makes possible: foresight,
insight and progress.
The inclusion of bai in its name reconnects it with the resonant colour for Metal, reinforces the notion
of discrimination, quality and good judgement, and hints that this point can return the Gallbladder to
the “Yang Brightness’ necessary for an extraordinary fu that deals only with what is pure and clear.
The link with the Yang Wei mai and the expelling of Wind-Cold accounts for its indicated use for
inability to get warm, particularly aversion to cold in the back.
Important in the use of eliminating Wind in facial paralysis, especially when frowning or raising the
eyebrows is difficult.
It is also used for problems relating to the sense organ of the Wood element, the eyes: tearing,
twitching, outer canthus pain, blurred vision, night blindness and itching of the eye.
For one sided frontal headaches on the Gallbladder meridian, from Liver yang rising or invasion of
Wind.
Eliminates Wind. Subdues rising qi. Brightens the eye.
Indications To galvanise the spirit.

Facial paralysis. One-sided headache.
Eye problems, tics and tearing.
Inability to warm up.

Point Name GB 15 TOU LIN QI Head Above Tears Head Overlooking Tears Falling Tears
Energetic Nature Point of the Yang Wei mai

Meeting point of the Gallbladder and Bladder
Commentary This is another important point for the Mind and Spirit. It is particularly indicated when there is
strong oscillation between highs and lows, action and inaction, high hopes, elation and despair. When
the Mind is rigid and can see only one course of action, this point can bring clarity and the possibility
of reflection and more choices. Because of the responsibility of the Gallbladder as an extraordinary fu,
dealing only with what is clear and storing essence, it needs to maintain equilibrium. If this is lost
through disharmony, a loss of control over the emotions can be experienced and huge anxiety result.
GB 15 regulates the Mind and balances the emotions. GB 41 has the name Foot Above Tears and can
be combined with this point for stability and balance above and below. The Wood element is
responsible for tears and this point is implicated for associated symptoms at any level. After the
cleansing coursing of tears the Spirit needs to have enough hope to see beyond current distress, this
point can let the spirit know that after the storm there can be calm. People vent tears due to rage,
when frightened and feeling threatened, and for many other reasons. They can be an immense relief,
as tears can only last so long and so there is inevitably movement and transition. Sometimes people
who are unable to cry would benefit from the release; this point promises to return perspective and
cleansing.
From its location and name this point is used to treat eye diseases, particularly when there is tearing
whether from exposure to Wind or not, or when there is dryness, redness and pain from a lack of
tearing, again in this regard it shares properties with GB 41.
GB 15 is also used for nasal congestion.
Indications Balances the emotions and strengthens the spirit. Regulates the Mind.
Eliminates Wind. Benefits the eyes. Nasal congestion. Wind-stroke.
Point Name GB 16 MU CHUANG Eye Window Arriving at Splendour Window of the Eye
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder meridian and the Yang Wei mai
Commentary Located on the top of the head, a heavenly point in the heavenly part of the body, the name reveals the
function. It enlivens the eye of the spirit as well as the physical eye, the sense organ of the Liver, and
the partner official of the Gallbladder. To see with clarity, assess and judge with appropriate
benevolence, so that plans and decisions can be accurately birthed, to forge growth and the cycle of
life within the Body, Mind and Spirit is a huge responsibility for the Gallbladder. There needs to be
good communication at all levels of the person for just and decisive judgment to be exercised, for
assessment and insight both of the self and the circumstances, as well as the ability to reflect (an
attribute of the hun). Eye Window / Arriving at Splendour revitalizes the Gallbladder and supports it
in this constant responsibility. The Gallbladder when clear and pure and working well with the
essences allows the Body, Mind and Spirit to see the splendour of life, just as its own flourishing and
radiance shines visibly in the healthy person.
This point is sometimes considered to act like a Window of the Sky for Gallbladder, though the
Gallbladder, as an extraordinary fu, in a state of health brings radiance, purity and clarity to all work,
so all treatment of the Gallbladder supports these yang qualities.
GB 16 is used for treating all eye disorders.
It is used for headaches and convulsions due to Wind or Gallbladder deficiency. Used for nasal
congestion and pain and swelling of the upper jaw and oedema of the face.
It can be used as a point of the Shao Yang (TH and GB) one of the Six Divisions of yin/yang, when
there is aversion to cold, and alternating chills and fever.
Brightens the eye. Eliminates Wind.
Indications Brightens the spirit. Eye disorders. Headaches. Nasal congestion. Chills and Fever

Point Name GB 17 ZHENG YING Upright Living Upright Construction
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder and the Yang Wei mai
Commentary The character Zheng refers to the point’s location at the top of the head. Ying indicates its ability to
connect with Blood and Nutritive qi and thus nourish the eyes and spirit (and ease palpitations as the
shen needs Blood in which to reside). ‘Construction’ in this sense refers to the role of Blood and
Nutritive qi, hence this point’s role in soothing the sinews and calming the stomach when there is
nausea, or when there is dizziness in the head from Phlegm.
‘Zheng Ying’ can also mean ‘fear or solicitude’ (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss, 1989) indicating the use of
this point to calm the spirit. The virtue of Wood is Benevolence and when Wood is healthy this virtue
can manifest. For Wood to fulfill its potential, however, the Gall Bladder must be able to function
with an impartial exactitude — it is concerned with what is upright and correct. This capacity to
direct a passage through life and diffuse what is pure and heavenly can enable the flourishing of a
virtuous and conscious life. When the Gall Bladder is deficient instead of acting with courage,
timidity may hold it back from action. GB 17 can help rectify this.
At a physical level, the excretion of bile affects the smooth transformations of the digestive process
which nourishes a person. The Gallbladder, partner of the Liver which is so intimately related to the
role of Blood in the body, here reminds one of the importance of Blood to “temper the Liver’s ardour,
and permit the hun to inspire reflection calmly” (Larre & Rochat. Rooted in Spirit 1995).
Situated in such a yang location and connecting with the Yang Wei mai, this point can disperse Wind
and Heat when there is aversion to wind and cold, or stiff lips, headache or stiffness of the neck. This,
together with the calming and nourishing aspects of this point, may also account for it being indicated
when a person cannot tolerate the sound of voices.
Benefits the head. Clears Heat. Clears Wind.
Indications Calms the shen and palpitations. Soothes and nourishes the sinews. Calms the Stomach. Disperses
Wind, Heat, Cold. Nourishes the eyes.
Point Name GB 18 CHENG LING Receiving Spirit Spirit Receiver Spirit Support
Receive Spirit Contain Spirit
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai
Commentary A very important point to connect the spirit within a person to the universal spirit. Cheng Ling is
located at the place the Chinese called the ‘cover of the celestial spirit’. The ling spirit is one’s yin
spiritual aspect ‘with the connation of the freshness of life.’ (Larre & Rochat 1992). Wood when out
of balance can become harsh in judgment and proclamation, unable to receive heavenly influxes, only
able to issue orders. Yet the highest aspiration of the hun is inspired by the shen and the journey to
the shen. This point can be used to diffuse this harshness and balance it with gentleness and
receptivity towards life. When our spirit is touched and refreshed, generally we soften and relax, we
are able to perceive more wholly and with greater benevolence. Sometimes when Wood is strained
and has lost all its elasticity, feeling besieged by the trials of life, this point can help the person
sidestep out of the race for a moment and find a calm place to regain tranquility.
It is interesting that this point is also said to diffuse the Lungs, descending Lung qi; the Lungs are the
Receiver of Qi and spirit and need to be well functioning at all levels of body, mind and spirit to
maintain the healthy tension of the k’e cycle with the Liver. When this relationship is disturbed, the
hun are not restrained as they should be, and there can be physical symptoms such as disturbed
breathing patterns. Similarly to GB 13 Ben Shen, GB 18 can be used when there is obsessional
thought and dementia.
Calms the Spirit. Clears the Gallbladder. Eliminates Wind. Benefits the nose. Clears Heat. Diffuses
the Lungs. Clears the portals and Brain. Relieves pain.
Indications Re-establishes and stabilises the mind and spirit. Nasal congestion. Nosebleed. Headache.
Obsessional thought.

Point Name GB 19 NAO KONG Brain Hollow Temple Region
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai.
Commentary This point is located in a ‘hollow’ or depression and treats diseases of the brain such as convulsions
and headache. Many points on the Du Mai, Gallbladder and Bladder are used to treat disorders of the
Mind and Spirit as these meridians traverse the brain. The connection with the Yang Wei mai allows
GB 19 to bring all the animating qualities of yang to the sense organs and the spirit and thereby clear
the portals and the brain. Conversely, it can be used to eliminate Wind and Heat. If Heat and Wind
agitate the shen causing mania, nervous disorders, fright and anxiety, palpitations and confusion, this
can be a good point to use.
Because of its location in such a yang area it can be used to clear Heat from the entire body.
Clears Wind and Heat from the sense organs, especially the eyes and is used when there is redness or
pain.
Similarly to GB 18 it can be used to ease tinnitus from Liver yang rising.

Nasal congestion, pain and nosebleeds can be influenced by this point.
This point is used for headaches, whether one sided or local, particularly if the head is heavy. It is
used to eliminate Wind where there is neck stiffness with inability to turn the head or dizziness.
Indications Clears the portals/sense organs. Benefits the head. Relieves pain.
Headaches one sided or top of the head
Eliminates Wind and Heat from the eyes, ears. Eye pain, redness, tinnitus, deafness, stiff neck.

Point Name GB 20 FENG CHI Wind Pond Wind Pool Heat Mansion
Energetic Nature Meeting point of the Gallbladder, Three Heater, Yang Wei Mai and Yang Qiao Mai
Commentary Wind Pond is a potent point that assists the Gallbladder in maintaining purity and lucidity in its role as
an extraordinary fu. It clears the sense orifices, tonifies the marrow and thus nourishes and clears the
brain, an important function for the Official in charge of Judgement and Decisions. When a person is
confused, lacks concentration, has a poor memory or is unable to see or form judgements or opinions
easily, this point facilitates qi flow and brightens and benefits the sense orifices, in particular the eyes
and ears so they function better at all levels. GB 20 affects the ears and can be used for tinnitus from
Liver yang rising.
Wind Pond is also useful when someone has extreme tension and is abrupt in their interactions. The
Gallbladder official controls the sinews and, whether these have become tense from imbalance of
Body, Mind or Spirit, GB 20, which facilitates qi flow to the muscles, can aid harmonisation and
relaxation within the person.
As with many points located on the neck, GB 20 makes an important energetic bridge between the
head and body as well as being used to affect the front of the face and sense organs. The depression in
which GB 20 is found, is said to resemble a pond or pool, and its location makes it prone to invasion
of Wind. Wind pathogens are said to gather here before invading the body deeper. Wind Pond is
frequently used to release exterior conditions: eliminate Wind, clear Heat or Cold and subdue Liver
yang rising. It can ease stiff neck and headaches whether occipital, or when the head is heavy, or
when there is phlegm, temperature and pain.
Some texts cite this as a crossing point with the Three Heater, which with the Gallbladder is the Shao
Yang pairing of the six divisions of yin/yang. This further explains its role in eliminating Wind
invasions. GB 20 also links with the Yang Wei mai and Yang Qiao mai. The Yang Qiao mai is used
to absorb excess yang qi or stagnation in the head, subduing internal and external Wind and can be
used for Wind-stroke, facial paralysis and hypertension.
The Yang Wei mai links all the yang of the body and is used to clear attacks on the exterior (yang)
aspect of the body, e.g. intermittent fevers and alternating chills and fevers which correspond to Shao
Yang symptomatology. This extraordinary vessel also affects the lateral aspects of the body and can
be used for pain in these areas. It also affects the ears.
An important point for the eyes particularly where there is Liver disharmony, either from Blood
deficiency in which case it can be tonified, or to clear Liver Fire.
Indications Brings clarity to Body, Mind and Spirit.

Brightens the eye. Benefits the ears. Clears the sense orifices and brain.
Releases exterior conditions. Eliminates Wind, clears Heat and Cold, subdues Liver yang rising.
Relaxes the sinews. Facilitates qi flow. Febrile diseases, seizures, muscular pain and stiffness of the
face, neck and shoulder.
Insomnia, dizziness, occipital headache due to Liver yang rising. Onset of a cold, with general body
aches. Eye disorders, redness, blurred vision, night or sudden blindness, deafness, tinnitus, sinusitis.
Sinus hypertension.

Point Name GB 21 JIAN JING Shoulder Well
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder, Three Heater, and Stomach meridians and Yang Wei mai.
From GB 21 the pathway runs deep posteriorly across the shoulder to DU 14, down to BL 11, laterally
to SI 12, back across the shoulder to ST 12 where the meridian becomes superficial again.
Commentary The point, although found on the high point of the trapezius, is named for the deep concentration of
meridian qi at this point. GB 21 can be a powerful point for the spirit. If GB 20 is one end of the
energetic bridge across the neck, GB 21 is the other. Qi can ‘bottleneck’ here leading to stuck qi,
repressed contracted anger, resentment and frustration, rigidity, or lack of communication between the
Body, Mind or Spirit levels of a person. This point can help reunite and integrate the person, releasing
and re-infusing with the clear and pure yang of the Gallbladder and the harmonizing regulation of the
Three Heater.
This point can facilitate the free flow so important to the Wood element. GB 21 can be used when
there is stuck energy in the head or weakness of the body, stagnation of Liver qi or as with GB 20, for
Liver yang rising, causing hypertension. These two points could be used together or GB 21 might be
used with GB 16, Eye Window, if the person is unable to perceive any splendour in life or hope for
the future.
Excellent point for the sinews and relieving muscular tension, especially the shoulders, neck, chest,
and lateral aspects of the body. It is often tender on pressure. The meeting at GB 21 with the Three
Heater meridian also brings harmonious temperature distribution, warmth if needed, or regulation if
not, for all aspects of the Body, Mind and Spirit. It is indicated for sensation of cold after childbirth.
Its connection here with the Stomach (the stomach pathway passes through the breast and the
Gallbladder passes through the chest) and GB 21’s action of redirecting rebellious qi downwards as
well as promoting the smooth flow of Liver qi, might explain its use as an empirical point to promote
lactation, problems of childbirth, retention of placenta, postpartum haemorrhage, threatened
miscarriage, abnormal uterine bleeding as well as cough. The exhaustion of labour or deficient qi and
Blood can be helped by this point.
Also, GB 21 can be used in situations where Phlegm is hindering the smooth flow of Liver qi, or
stagnation of Liver Qi is preventing the transformation of fluids, or pathological Heat causes Phlegm
to harden, so GB 21 is useful in alleviating mastitis, numbness along the meridian, and hard masses.
Particular care should be exercised when needling this point, due to its proximity to the apex
of the Lung.
Indications Reintegrates and tonifies Body, Mind and Spirit. Frustration.

Relaxes the sinews: muscular tension and spasms. Benefits the Shoulder. Headache, hypertension
from Liver yang rising.
Promotes labour. Promotes lactation. Useful in childbirth gynaecological problems.
GB 21 spreads Liver qi. Eliminates Wind. Clears Heat. Redirects rebellious qi. Disperses Wind and
Cold.
Point Name GB 22 YUAN YE Armpit Abyss Spring Armpit Armpit Gate

Energetic Nature
Commentary After the bridging effect from GB 20 to 21, the Gallbladder curves into the depths of the fourth
intercostal and has some tricky territory to negotiate, which is perhaps why there are two points GB 22
and 23 in such close proximity. The lateral aspect of the body in this area is very much Gallbladder
territory, the pathway of the Gallbladder penetrates the chest, and the Gallbladder sinew meridian
connects with the lateral aspect of the chest. The sinews here are subject to constant use from
breathing, and movement. When the sinews get tangled by coughs or strains or blockages in the
tissues which in turn can constrain the Mind and Spirit, this point can help to ease intercostal pain and
loosen the chest. See GB 23. Use as a local point when there is restriction of movement of the arm
and pain in the shoulder. The Gallbladder’s promotion of the free flow of qi can help clear Phlegm
from the chest and lumpy accumulations and swelling in the armpits.
Indications Soothes the sinews. Loosens the chest and normalises qi. Lateral costal and intercostal pain.
Swelling of the axilla. Fullness of the chest. Pain and impairment of movement of the arms. Fever
after a chill.

Point Name GB 23 ZHE JIN Neglected Muscles Sinew Seat Spirit Light
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Gallbladder and the Bladder meridians.
Cited as Gallbladder mu/Alarm point rather than GB 24 in some texts (Zhen Gui Da Chang)
Commentary The Wood element controls the sinews, the Liver nourishes them with Blood and the Gallbladder
provides qi to ensure their proper movement and agility. The Influential point for the Sinews is GB
34 Yang Lian Quan. If Wood qi is healthy and abundant the sinews will be moistened, nourished and
smooth operating. If there is stagnation or deficiency of Wood qi from frustration, repressed anger or
muscular spasm, the free flow of Liver qi upwards and out will be repressed. With this stagnation
often comes a lack of hope, an inability to see anything good arising in the future, bitterness and
despair. The Gallbladder, as the Liver’s paired official, often manifests Liver disharmony, (as has
been seen e.g. with one sided migraine or muscular tension at GB 21).
GB 23 lies within the sinews of the chest; Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) (who prefer the name
Sinew Seat for this point) explain that the shape of the rib cage is said to resemble the sides of a
chariot in the areas above the wheels and that the intercostal muscles are sometimes called Zhe Jin,
they say “the point rides within these sinews as if they were the seats of a chariot”. In any case, this is
one of the areas of the body that sees much manifestation of stuck-ness from the Wood element; at
this point Liver qi is funneled deeper and it is often a difficult transition from here to the entry point of
the Lung.
Stagnation of qi in this area restricts the natural rhythmic movement of the chest with all the attendant
inhibition of the natural movement of Liver qi, interference with the breath, fullness and pain in the
chest, sighing, difficulty in speaking and expression, asthma, despondency, withdrawal from life, a
sense of oppression and lack of hope.
The blockage of qi may also be evident in the lower jiao, which can be hot and inflamed and can lead
to insomnia from Heat agitating the shen.
The relationship of the Wood and Earth elements can also be disrupted, with Liver and Gallbladder
overacting on Stomach qi preventing its natural descent, with vomiting, acid regurgitation, hiccups,
difficulty swallowing and hypersalivation.
Indications Despondency. Despair. Insomnia.

Local point for shoulder pain and restricted movement.
Pain in lateral costal area.
Restriction and fullness of the chest, interrupted breathing, asthma.

Point Name GB 24 RI YUE Sun and Moon Spirit Light
Energetic Nature Gallbladder Front mu/Alarm point.

Crossing point of Gallbladder, Spleen and Yang Wei mai meridians
Commentary Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) say the name refers to the expression “clear as the sun and moon”
which indicates a person with a quick and decisive mind, a character trait the classics associate with a
healthy Gallbladder as the Upright official of Decision and Judgment. The character for clear or
radiant ‘ming’ is a composite of the characters for sun and moon. If a person is indecisive or timid,
they might be described as having a ‘small gallbladder’ and then this point can be useful to strengthen
the Gall Bladder.
The Sun represents yang and the Moon yin, the left eye is said to correspond to the sun and the right to
the moon, and this neatly links this point with the eyes, the sense orifice of the Wood element. The
Liver opens into the eyes.
This is a great point for a clear seeing mind as well as inner vision. It helps balance an inflexible,
unyielding viewpoint with benevolence and reflection. The yang far seeing nature of Gallbladder
needs to be pure and uncontaminated to make accurate assessments, and just decisions. Here the
crossing point with the Yang Wei mai which gathers all the yang, will reinforce the action of the
Gallbladder. The Gallbladder occupies an in-between position among the officials: not a zang
although it stores essences that are used within the body, and not quite like the other fu because it has
no contact with the exterior or directly with food; and its connection with Three Heater as Shao Yang
is also a pivoting or hinge position as is the lateral course of the Gallbladder meridian. This in-
between pivoting ability is here reflected at GB 24 in the pivoting of thought, vision and feeling,
between forward and backwards, peripheral and mono vision, and reflection and action. Sun and
Moon helps Gallbladder get the measure of circumstances to make a proportionate decision.
Sun and Moon is also a balance of yin/yang. It is a crossing of the Gallbladder and Spleen, which is
why it can used to resolve Damp-Heat from the Gallbladder and Liver, restoring the harmonious
communication of Earth and Wood, so that thought and vision, decision and empathy, process and
action can cooperate without excessive rumination, worry, frustration and resentment. This crossing
of the Spleen meridian here allows this point to effect the redirecting of rebellious qi, harmonising the
correct relationship of Wood and Earth elements so the natural flow of Stomach qi can resume. This
explains its effectiveness for vomiting and acid regurgitation, belching and hiccups.
Stagnation of Liver qi, whether from emotional or physical issues, in this area, constricts the free
movement of the chest and causes hypochondriac pain, sighing, frustration, sadness, difficulty in
speaking, loss of hope and depression, distention and Heat in the lower burner; all may be relieved by
this point.
As a Front mu point it is useful both in the diagnosis and treatment of distress within the Gallbladder.
Regulates and promotes Liver qi, Gallbladder and Stomach.
Redirects rebellious qi downwards.
Transforms Damp-Heat (expels gallstones). (Also see GB 23).
Indications Promotes balance and harmony in mind and spirit when there is sadness and wildly fluctuating moods.
Promotes decisiveness.
Hypochondriac pain, a feeling of heaviness, nausea, gallstones, hypersalivation.
Hypochondriac pain, sighing and distention from Liver qi stagnation.

Point Name GB 25 JING MEN Capital Gate Palace Door Qi Mansion Capital Door
Energetic Nature Front mu/Alarm point for the Kidneys.
Commentary Within the Five Element tradition this is considered a useful point. It can be combined with LIV 13,
(found nearby at the end of the 11th rib), known as Chapter Gate (Order Gate). Both points are ‘gates’
and this suggests they are good for the transition, regulation and movement of qi. The Gallbladder
meridian executes an acute angle in qi flow here, which makes it an obvious place for qi to stagnate.
Jing Men can help restore the free flow and circulation of qi. Stagnation of Liver qi in the area can
lead to hypochondriac pain, intercostal pain or disruption of the breath, chills and fever and irritability.
As a front/mu alarm point, where the qi gathers for the Kidney zang it can be palpated for imbalance
in the Kidney. Maciocia (1989) says this point is more used for diagnosis of Kidney problems rather
than treating them but there are clinical uses for which it is appropriate. Here you have the Kidney
represented on a Wood (child of Water) meridian. Kidneys link our essence and Pre-heavenly qi and
if Will (Zhi) is lacking because there is Kidney deficiency, or the Kidney qi is too cold to warm and
engender Wood, this point can stimulate the Will and the Kidneys.
Kidneys rule the bones; GB 25 is useful for lower back pain, and spinal weakness, exhaustion and
agitation.
GB 25 can be used to warm Kidney yang and can be used with either needle or moxa where
deficiency of Kidney yang is failing to govern fluids in the body. Stagnation of Kidney qi might
manifest as urinary tract stones or nephritis, with dark urine.
Used to calm a foetus when there is Kidney deficiency. Indicated for kidney tract stones, nephritis.
This point can tonify deficient qi and move stagnant qi in the surrounding area which can manifest as
lower abdominal cramp or distention, pain and lower lumbar pain, borborygmus, Cold diarrhoea.
Tonifies the Kidneys. Regulates the Water pathways. Resolves Damp. Relaxes the sinews. Calms
the foetus. Warms the yang.
Indications Restless foetus. Lumbar pain. Kidney complaints.

Point Name GB 26 DAI MAI Girdle Vessel
Energetic Nature Crossing Point on Dai Mai
Commentary Dai mai is the only horizontal meridian of the body, effectively dividing the body in two halves,
encircling the main meridians and affecting their circulation. It also influences the hip area. It can be
used to harmonise above and below and is used when a person is freezing in the lower part of their
body and warm above, or has lower back pain with cold. It has a close relationship with the Liver and
Gallbladder meridians. It crosses or ‘coalesces’ only with points on the Gallbladder meridian (GB 26,
27, 28, although some texts also include BL 23). It also connects with the Kidney divergent meridian.
The implied orderliness of Dai mai, and its role in holding things up also resonates with the Wood
element, a smooth flow of qi and life occurs most happily when there is a plan, a pattern. To
coordinate our movements at every level of our being in order to dance through life is difficult if
everything is collapsing around one, or too stagnant to progress, our spirit feels curbed and
thwarted from the upward and outward expansion that is natural to the Wood element. If we are
cold in one part of our being and hot in another, we exist in discomfort and irritation and it is hard
to see the world with an unjaded eye. This point can help restore harmonious functioning.
Symptoms in the lower burner from the sinking of Damp and Damp-Heat such as leucorrhea,
cystitis, diarrhoea, endometriosis, can occur when Dai mai is out of balance. Stagnation of Liver
qi which results in distention and pain in the lower burner or pain in the lateral costal areas may be
helped by this point as might painful periods. Inflexibility of mind or body can result from either
Liver qi stagnation or because Dai mai is not well regulated.
Because of its influence on the Chong mai and Ren mai which, in turn, effect the Uterus,
menstruation, Blood and yin, the Dai mai plays a role in regulating the uterus and GB 26 is the
most important point to influence Dai mai. Most menstrual and uterine disorders can be assisted
by this point. GB 26 regulates Dai mai, the Uterus and menstruation.
Transforms Damp-Heat especially in the lower burner. Activates the meridian. Regulates
stagnation in the leg meridians to move stagnation in the lower body.
Dai mai, like a belt, not only holds things in place but also holds them up and is often used when
there is prolapse, whether uterine or vaginal.
Indications Helps regulate and restore harmony to Mind and Spirit.

Irregular menstruation. Infertility. Cystitis. Vaginal discharges.
Uterine prolapse. Lower abdominal pain in women.
Pain of the lateral costal region. Cold legs and feet. Cold and painful lower lumbar.

Point Name GB 27 WU SHU Five Pivots Fifth Pivot
Energetic Nature Crossing point between Gallbladder and Dai mai
Commentary Five is the number of organisation in Chinese numerology, e.g. Five Elements, showing something is
well regulated. Here on the Gallbladder, in a central ‘pivoting’ part of the body, at a point of
coalescence with Dai Mai (which is all about maintaining regulation and is also a pivot of sorts) you
have a point called Five Pivots. This point can be used where the person’s Mind and Spirit are
scattered, they never progress because they cannot get things into order. This continual frustration of
growth can lead to resignation, inward turned anger and stagnation. If someone is overly rigid in their
plans and decision, making up their mind and unable to reconsider their decisions, this point can help
to smooth the flow, making them more flexible, able to bend, accommodate, or tolerate others’ views.
Regulates Dai Mai. Regulates menstruation
Spreads Liver qi. Clears Damp-Heat and stagnation in the lower burner. This point is similar in
many respects to GB 26, it is more local in effect. It spreads or disperses Liver qi so is used when
there is pain in the lower abdomen on either side or constipation from qi stagnation. Useful when
there is spasm involved with pain whether of the colon, uterine, vagina, or lower abdomen. It can
also be used for acute pain in the lower abdomen arising from retraction of the testicles where there
is involvement of the Liver meridian which passes through the genitals, or orchitis (inflammation
of the testes), the Liver divergent channel connects with the Gallbladder meridian in the genital
region. Being a coalescent point of the Dai mai, it has many of the same applications for irregular
menstruation and vaginal discharges as GB 26, as well as use in lower lumbar pain.
Indications Mental disorganisation/rigidity. Uterine/Vaginal prolapse. Hernia. Pain in the lower abdomen. Pain
from retracted testicles. Irregular menstruation. Vaginal discharges
Point Name GB 28 WEI DAO Binding Path Linking Path Outer Pivot Protective Path
Preserving Path
Energetic Nature Crossing point with Gallbladder and Dai mai meridians
Commentary The name of this point reminds us of the role of Dai mai in binding and regulating, with the effect of
keeping all the meridians in place. Without a certain amount of flexible organisation at one’s centre it
is hard to make progress, the person who is so scattered they cannot gather themselves together to
make a start on anything is in as difficult a place as the person who is so tightly bound they cannot
flex and bend to changing circumstance. Both extremes can cause frustration and thwart the person
from reaching their potential.
This point is coalescent with Dai mai and can help preserve or maintain the qi of Dai mai if it is
not functioning well, if there is uterine/vaginal prolapse or spasms, intestinal or abdominal hernia,
which might be seen as Dai mai holding too loosely or too tightly. This point can be used to raise
Central qi and restore the qi of Dai mai.
Similarly to GB 26 and 27, it is a good point for regulating menstruation and vaginal discharges
and disorders of the lower burner area; ‘below the belt’- lower back pain, lower abdominal pain.
Damp-Heat situations of colitis, endometriosis, abdominal swelling and distention can also be
helped. Pain, spasm, or chronic constipation from Stagnation of Liver qi can also be eased by this
point.
Regulates the Dai mai. Regulates the lower jiao. Moistens and regulates the Intestines.
Transforms Damp-Heat. Transforms Stagnation. Raises Central qi.
Indications Restoring equilibrium to the spirit. Irregular menstruation. Vaginal discharges. Uterine/vaginal
prolapse. Hernia.
Lower abdominal/lumbar pain. Constipation.

Point Name GB 29 JU LIAO Dwelling in the Bone Squatting Bone Hole Inhabited Joint
Squatting Crevice
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Gallbladder and Yang Qiao mai
Commentary The ‘bone hole’ is a depression between two bones which becomes visible in a squatting position.
The name indicates the area of influence. This point is mostly used as a local point either for pain in
the hip or pain from the hip to the groin and abdomen. It is frequently tender on pressure and very
effective when combined with GB 30. This point is also used for sciatica involving either the
Gallbladder or the Bladder meridians (only used if the pain is unilateral).
This point coalesces with the Yang Qiao Mai which influences both the lateral aspect of the legs and
hip as well as the Bladder meridian which reinforces this use of the point. Given the role of Wood in
governing the sinews and the action of this point in clearing the meridian, this is a good point to
employ when there is weakness in the leg or difficulty straightening the leg.
Removes obstruction from the channel. Strengthens the lower back. Benefits the hips. Eliminates
Wind and Cold. Clears Heat. Transforms Damp. Strengthens and relaxes the sinews.
Indications Atrophy of the lower extremities. Pain in the hips and lower extremities. Inflammation of the hips,
orchitis. Difficulty in twisting the trunk, straightening the leg. Lower, abdominal, back and groin
pain. Pain along the lower Gallbladder or Bladder meridians.
Point Name GB 30 HUAN TIAO Jumping Circle Leaping Circumflexes

Jumping Round Pivot Centre Hip Bone Round Valley
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Gallbladder and Bladder

One of the 9 needles for returning yang
Commentary The major point for problems affecting the hip, and which may also affect the leg, lower back and
buttock. It is used to activate the meridian to move stagnation and painful obstruction, and to
strengthen when there is deficiency and weakness of the sinews. Used for atrophy of the hip and
lower limb, numbness from Blood deficiency as well as Bi syndrome from stuck Cold or Damp. The
hip joint is a structural regulating pivot to the lower limb, the mobility of which is of crucial important
for the good circulation of qi and Blood to the lower limb. GB 30 also tonifies the qi and Blood of the
whole body.
The crossing of the Bladder and Gallbladder meridians at this point make it suitable for sciatica
from whatever cause and it is one of the most frequently used points for this. This reunion with the
Bladder meridian, which traverses the lumbar area here, also makes this a useful point to affect the
lower back as well as the lateral aspects of the body, which come into the energetic territory of the
Gallbladder. The usefulness of this point is reflected in the fact that Ma Danyang lists it as one of
his ‘Twelve points Shining Bright as the Starry Sky’.
As with all the 9 needles for returning yang, it can be used when there is a collapse of yang
resulting in loss of consciousness.
Strengthens the lower back. Benefits the hips. Activates the channel. Moves stagnant qi and
Blood in the Gallbladder and Bladder meridians. Promotes circulation in the legs. Eliminates
Wind, Cold and Damp. Clears Damp-Heat. Tonifies qi and Blood. Strengthens the Sinews.
The action of GB 30 in Clearing Heat, Wind and Damp make it useful in the treatment of skin
rashes on the lower body and Damp Heat in the lower burner (itchy anus, groin, urethritis, vaginal
discharges).
Indications All disorders of the hip, arthritis, hemiplegia.

Lower back pain especially which radiates down the leg or affects the knee or groin.
Pain from Cold, Damp Wind affecting the hip and leg. Atrophy of the leg, hip area.
Loss of consciousness. Skin rashes affecting the lower body.
Damp-Heat in the lower burner, vaginal discharges, itching of the groin.

Point Name GB 31 FENG SHI Wind Market
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name refers to the point’s function as a place where Wind gathers and from where it can be
dispersed. This is an important point to treat Wind invasions. Wind as the “Spearhead of disease”
readily carries other pathogens into the body. This point is particularly indicated if the migratory
nature of the affliction is a prominent factor.
An important point for skin diseases from Wind-Heat moving in the Blood. Usually these are of
sudden onset and the rash travels. Clearing Wind can also help stop itching of the whole body.
Use when Wind-Damp is lodged in the lower body causing pain and heaviness in the legs and
knees. Also used as a point for atrophy after Wind stroke to relax the sinews and promote the
circulation of qi and Blood to the legs where there is weakness and numbness.
Eliminates Wind and Cold. Clears Heat. Transforms Damp.

Relaxes the Sinews. Strengthens the Bones.
Indications Skin rashes, urticaria, herpes zoster, itching.

Hip and leg problems, wasting, weakness, pain. Hemiplegia.
Point Name GB 32 ZHONG DU Middle Ditch Central River
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point is recommended when Cold has stuck in the sinews and muscles.
The alternative name Central River could refer to the groove in the muscle in which the point is found
or it could refer to the Gallbladder’s relationship with the Three Heater (as part of Shao Yang) which
is called the Central River (Zhong Du) in the Ling Shu (according to Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989).
Given the temperature regulating properties of the Three Heater, this may be why this point is
particularly recommended when there is pain from Cold affecting the leg and hip.
This point has similar uses to GB 31 Feng Shi in its effect on the leg and skin rashes.
Expels Cold. Expels Wind and Damp.
Activates the meridian. Relieves pain.
Indications Wasting, weakness and pain of the lower limb.

Numbness and pain, cold in the sinews and muscles.
Hemiplegia. Sciatica. Pain in the back and hip. Skin rashes.

Point Name GB 33 XI YANG GUAN Knee Yang Border Knee Yang Hinge Joint Mound
Cold Mansion
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name refers to the location of the point. Coordination, which involves many decisions and
judgements to be executed at the same instant, so that we can weave our way through life rather than
bumping into everything applies at all level of our being. If we are in pain or movement is constricted
then every step can feel like a major effort, we may feel that nothing is on our side, similarly if our
pain is that we can’t take the next step towards our goal, aspirations or future we may live without
hope of change. This point aids in the free flow of qi. The knee acts as a hinge which qi must
negotiate. This point is mainly used to facilitate the flow of qi through this area and strengthen
Gallbladder qi. Use when there is stiffness, redness, swelling, lack of the usual range of motion for
the knee, pain and obstruction from stagnation of qi and Blood, Wind and Cold of the knee and lower
leg, particularly the lateral aspect. The Liver and Gallbladder control the Sinews and this point can be
used locally for any ligament and tendon problem of the knee.
The alternative name Han Fu Cold Mansion indicates that pathogenic Cold often accumulates on
the side of the knee, particularly if Gallbladder qi is deficient, and this point can be used to disperse
Cold. Moxa is debatable as it is contraindicated in some texts. Mainly used locally for the knee.
Benefits and Strengthens the knee. Benefits the Sinews.
Expels Wind and Cold. Clears Heat. Transforms Damp.
Indications Inflexibility of Mind and Spirit.

Knee pain. Swelling. Arthritis. Trauma. Lower leg pain or numbness.
Contracture of the tendons in the popliteal fossa, inability to fully flex and extend the knee.

Point Name GB 34 YANG LING QUAN Yang Mound Spring

He-Sea point
Hui Influential Gathering point of the Sinews
Commentary This is a major point. It has a tonifying effect on the Gallbladder meridian, zang and sinews. When
Gallbladder qi is deficient as in ‘small Gallbladder’ and there is timidity, shyness, indecisiveness,
constant anxious wariness of people and places, and disorientation, this can be a great strengthening
point for Body, Mind and Spirit. As the Earth point on the Gallbladder meridian, it strengthens,
stabilises, and harmonises the Gallbladder. As a He-Sea point, it can move stagnation in the meridian
and is helpful for pain along the Gallbladder or sighing, a bitter taste, discomfort in the lateral costal
area, and Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder (gallstones, inability to tolerate rich foods or alcohol). It
strengthens weak muscles as well as relaxing spasm from stagnation.
As has been said before, the Gallbladder as the exteriorly related Official of the Wood element is used
to treat many Liver issues. GB 34 is used to promote the smooth flow of Liver qi whenever there is
stagnation, particularly in the hypochondriac region. This effect on the Liver can help alleviate
stagnant emotions of depression, frustration, irritation, inflexibility anger, confusion, emotional
extremes and despair. When Liver yang rising affects the Gallbladder meridian (headaches, confusion,
emotional lability) this point can be used. GB 34 and LIV 3 are very effective as distal points to help
sink Liver yang rising and are often used in preference to (or in combination with) local head points
which used alone might aggravate the condition (hypertension, headache, tinnitus, vertigo).
As a He-Sea point it can help subdue rebellious qi and redirect Stomach qi to its natural descending
flow by regulating and moving stagnant Liver qi, enabling Phlegm and Heat to clear, and so is useful
in nausea, vomiting, and bitter taste in the mouth.
As the hui/Influential/Gathering point of the Sinews, which Liver and Gallbladder control, it is an
important point to nourish and relax tendons whenever there is muscular contraction, spasm and
cramps throughout the body (neck, shoulders, hip, foot) or when someone is too tightly wound
internally. It is used for lower back pain which refers down the legs, especially the lateral aspects. As
a He-Sea point, it has the ability to dispel stasis from the meridian and is an important point for Bi
syndrome, weakness and Wind stroke when the circulation of qi and Blood needs to be promoted in
the legs and tendons. According to Pirog (1996), the Shao Yang (GB and TH) acts like an ‘external
pivot’ for the body enabling joints to move smoothly. GB 34 is frequently used as a local point for the
knee.
Empirical point for chronic constipation, especially when heat or stagnation of qi is involved.
Regulates the Gallbladder. Regulates and Relaxes the Sinews.
Promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi, moves stagnant Liver and Gallbladder qi, calms Liver Wind.
Regulates the Mind and Emotions. Resolves Damp Heat. Regulates the intestines. Removes
Obstruction from the Channel. Subdues rebellious qi.
Indications Timidity, indecision, emotional lability, irritability, disorientation.

Stagnation of Liver qi , particularly affecting the hypochondriac region, oppression in the chest,
sighing.
Headache, Depression.
Hypertension. Hemiplegia. Headache. Tinnitus.
Nausea, vomiting, indigestion, hepatitis, jaundice.
Contraction, spasm of tendons. Bi syndrome of the legs, knee, calf, sciatica.
Weakness, stiffness of knee and leg. Promotes the circulation of qi and Blood.

Point Name GB 35 YANG JIAO Yang Crossing Yang Intersection Divergent Yang
Leg Bone Hole
Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft point of the Yang Wei mai

Coalescent point of the Gallbladder and Yang Wei mai meridians
Crossing point of the three yang meridians of the leg
Commentary This point is mainly used for acute pain along the Gallbladder meridian with stiffness and cramp of
the leg muscles. It coalesces with the Yang Wei mai, thus reinforcing the Gallbladder meridian
influence over the lateral costal areas and neck. The role of the Yang Wei Mai in regulating the yang
supports the Gallbladder’s ability to calm Liver yang rising (emotional lability, tinnitus, deafness and
confusion) and balance stagnation or deficiency both of Gallbladder and Liver (fright, distention and
pain in the chest, asthma, feeling of obstruction in the throat).
Gallbladder fright can affect the Heart Protector and Heart as the Gallbladder divergent meridian
passes through the chest and connects with PC 1. This can lead to anxiety or palpitations or if Heat is
also involved, to shen disturbance and manic behaviour.
Regulates the Gall bladder. Relaxes the sinews.

Eliminates Wind. Removes obstruction from the channels.
Local point for swelling, pain and cold of the lower leg and foot.
Indications Emotional lability, confusion, tinnitus.

Asthma, Chest and hypochondriac distention and pain.
Knee pain and inflammation. Lateral costal pain.
Sciatica and restricted movement of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Point Name GB 36 WAI QIU Outer Mound Outer Hill
Commentary The invigorating nature of xi-cleft/accumulation points affect the Mind positively, clearing and
stimulating thought, bringing clarity and a fresh perspective. Qi and Blood gather at xi-Cleft points,
they are particularly energising for the meridian on which they are found. Xi-Cleft points are used in
acute conditions to move obstructed qi along the meridian. The potential of this xi-cleft point on the
Gallbladder meridian can give strength and fluidity to those who feel insubstantial and timid, or
inflexible and rule bound.
As with many points on the calf, the name of this point is a reference to its location on a hill of flesh
(the calf).
As the xi-cleft/Accumulation point, Outer Mound can be used in cases of obstruction or pain of the
meridian or fu, and as a distal point to influence the other end of the meridian (neck pain and stiffness,
chest and hypochondriac fullness and pains).
Accumulation and stagnation tend to lead to Heat; this point can be used to clear Heat (headache,
mania, hypertension).
Regulates the Gallbladder. Removes obstructions from the channel. Relieves pain. Clears Heat.
Relaxes the sinews. Resolves Damp Heat. GB 36 is said to help aversion to Wind.
Moxa for first aid for rabies.
Indications Pain of the lower limb. Atrophy and weakness of the lower limb.
Neck pain and stiffness. Chest and hypochondriac fullness and pains.
Mental clarity. Mania. Aversion to Wind and Cold.

Point Name GB 37 GUANG MING Bright and Clear Brightness Bright Light
Shiny and Bright
Commentary The Gallbladder is an extraordinary fu, it works only with what is pure and clear, and stores and
excretes refined essence and qi. If Gall Bladder is imbalanced, distortion can appear at all levels of
the body, mind and spirit. Contorted decisions and plans, confusion, poisoned imagination and
perceptions will further injure the Gallbladder. Use this point to bring balance, correct and clear-
sighted decision and upright judgment making, to purify the perspective to reestablish benevolence
and ‘ming’ radiance of the spirit, and to restore the free flow of the Gallbladder and Liver qi in the
negotiation and continuity of life. This clear yang aspect of the Gallbladder not only lightens the
Spirit but restores a deep vitality within us.
It is a major point for eye disorders, not just as a distal Gallbladder point, but as the Luo/ Connecting
point with its elemental pairing, the Liver, which opens into the eyes. This point is said to restore
light to the eyes, improving eyesight and eliminating ‘floaters’. This harmonising aspect of this point
makes it useful for unilateral headaches and tension of the jaw. GB 37 conducts Fire downwards and
is of use when Liver Fire is harassing the eyes or when a person is easily irascible and angry. Good
when medication has overtaxed the Liver and Gallbladder.
The activating effect of this point, and it being the Luo/connecting point with the Liver meridian,
gives it far reaching effects, making it helpful for tension, pain, numbness and weakness of the legs,
and to regulate the circulation of qi in the leg.
The Gallbladder meridian also passes through the thorax and this point is beneficial when there is
tenderness and distention of the breasts and possible emotional lability that can arise with
premenstrual tension, usually from Liver qi stagnation.
Regulates and tonifies Gallbladder and Liver. Activates the meridian. Eliminates Wind. Clears
Heat.
Conducts Fire downwards. Transforms Damp-Heat.
Opens and Brightens the eyes.
Indications Indecision. Lack of spiritual/mental vision.

Toxicity of Body,Mind and Spirit.
Optic nerve atrophy, night or sudden blindness, red, itchy or painful eyes. Weak eyesight.
Breast distension. Headache.
Pain in the hypochondriac/lateral/costal areas, neck pain, knee pain, sciatica.
Inability to stand for long. Muscles spasms.

Point Name GB 38 YANG FU Yang Support Yang Aide Yang Assistance Severed Flesh
Parting of the Flesh

Jing-River point
Sedation point
Commentary As the Fire point on the GallBladder meridian, Yang Support can rebalance the properties of Fire
within Gallbladder: bringing qualities of expansiveness and mutability, when there is inflexibility or
irascibility and balancing cold/overheating of the Body, Mind or Spirit. When Gallbladder timidity is
present with immaturity; when one is not able to take one’s place in the world, then the Fire point (the
power of Fire is to mature, to individuate as well as the connection with the shen) within Wood
(which is about one’s potential arising and unfolding), this can be a great point to restore decisive
action, have a positive and courageous outlook and take the next step.
GB 38 has many shared properties with GB 37 and 39.
As a Fire and Sedation point on the Gallbladder, this point clears Liver/Gallbladder Fire and subdues
Liver yang. This makes it a useful distal point for chronic migraine, irascibility, red eyes, bitter taste
in the mouth, constipation, and gastric disturbances that involve Heat. It can also be used when there
is stagnation with headaches, oppressive feeling in the chest and much sighing.
As with all Jing-River points, it can treat fevers and particularly as the Fire point on Shao Yang (GB
and Three Heater in the Six divisions of yin/yang) when a pathogen is stuck half interior and half
exterior, with alternate chills and fever, bitter taste in the mouth.
Yang ‘Support’ refers to the point’s location on the yang side of the fibula, which is called the
“assisting bone” (fu gu). Pirog (1996): Jing-River points help nourish the bones and sinews on the
route of their meridian and this point helps ease pain in the lateral aspect of the lower limbs.
Regulates and tonifies Gallbladder and Liver. Activates the meridian.
Eliminates Wind. Clears Heat.
Conducts Fire downwards. Transforms Damp-Heat.
Opens and brightens the eyes.
Indications Irritability. No sense of development. Depression. Gastric problems. Migraine. Red eyes.
Constipation. Fevers.
Point Name GB 39 XUAN ZHONG Hanging Cup Suspended Bell Severed Bone
Energetic Nature Reunion point of the 3 lower yang meridians

Hui/Influential point of the Marrow
Commentary This point is much used for alleviating pain along the Gallbladder meridian and for general
Gallbladder meridian symptoms: lateral costal pain, breast pain, pain below the ribs, as a distal point
and as a point which benefits the sinews and bones. When there is emotional stagnation, frustration,
or lack of growth and vision, with oppression in the chest and sighing, this can be an appropriate point.
It is used as a distal point for lower back pain referring down the legs. Also as a distal point for Shao
yang neck pain (pain in the lateral neck made worse by turning the head as if to say NO).
Local point for pain and soreness of the lower leg and lateral malleolus.
As the Hui/Influential/Gathering point for the marrow, Hanging Cup tonifies the Marrow and can be
used when there is muscle weakness, joint stiffness and inflammation, tinnitus, hearing loss from
declining jing and bone disorders. Maciocia (1989) says its use for chronic interior Wind with
deficiency of Kidney yin makes it a useful point especially in the treatment of the elderly and regular
use can prevent Wind-stroke.
Regulates the Gallbladder and promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi. Eliminates Wind. Used to pull
qi from the Upper body to the lower body and so is useful for clearing Wind, Heat and Damp-Heat
from the head.
Clears Heat. Transforms Damp-Heat. Benefits Essence. Nourishes marrow.
Strengthens the Bones. Benefits the ears. Redirects rebellious qi downwards when there is fullness of
the chest with a cough or painful obstruction of the throat.
Indications Wind-predominant Bi syndrome. Hemiplegia due to stroke. Lower extremity atrophy. Severe arthritis.
Bone disorders. Migraine. Neck stiffness. Hypochondriac pain. Tinnitus, gradual hearing loss.

Point Name GB 40 QIU XU Wilderness Mound Mound Ruins Hill Ruins
Energetic Nature Yuan/Source point
Commentary The name, Wilderness Mound, refers to the outer malleolus with all the various protuberances that
surround it, looking like a burial mound or ruin (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss 1989). As an acupuncture
point Gallbladder 40 has great properties of restoration. As a Source point, GB 40 connects us with
yuan qi, bringing stability and strengthening resolve. The Gallbladder, through its partnership with
Triple Heater in shao yang already has a connection with the Original qi, now the yuan Source point
ability to self regulate, and bring equilibrium to the Official is further enhanced. Wilderness Mound
promotes the strength, and tonifies the pure qi, of the Gallbladder to assist the Mind and Spirit in
maintaining firm but flexible boundaries, or when there is Gallbladder timidity and under-assertion.
The determination of Spirit that arises from a well functioning Gallbladder, as well as decision and
judgement making at the level of the Mind are helped by Wilderness Mound, pushing through the fog
of procrastination.
If the smooth flow of qi that is the nature of Liver and Gallbladder qi in health becomes stagnant
causing Heat or Fire, it may show as red eyes, one sided headaches, or irascibility because Heat rises
through the Gallbladder. If Heat combines with Damp afflicting the Gallbladder there may be
vomiting, cholecystitis, and fevers when chills and fevers alternate. Useful for clearing other forms of
pathogenic invasion along the meridian, e.g. herpes zoster.
When Liver qi stagnates causing hypochondriac pain and distention and sighing, this point may be
used. Softens hard masses when stagnation of qi has developed Heat, leading to the congealing of
Phlegm.
Local use for weakness and swelling of the ankle and lower limb and for joint pain e.g. of the hips.
Used to tonify and move the qi in the GB when there is stagnation or deficiency.
Regulates the Gallbladder and promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi. Eliminates Wind. Clears Heat.
Transforms Damp-Heat. Benefits Essence. Nourishes Marrow.
Strengthens the bones. Benefits the ears.
Redirects rebellious qi downwards when there is fullness of the chest with a cough or painful
obstruction of the throat.
Indications Gallbladder destabilisation, indecison and futility.

Distention of the chest. Sighing. Lower abdominal distention.
Redness of eyes, painful obstruction of the neck. Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder, Vomiting.
Hip pain, wrist pain, sciatica.

Point Name GB 41 ZU LIN QI Foot Above Tears Foot Overlooking Tears
Foot Verge of Tears (Foot) Falling Tears
Energetic Nature Wood point. Horary point (2300 - 0100)

Shu-Stream point.
Exit point
Opening point of Dai mai
Commentary All the resonances of Wood are heightened with this point: Wood within Wood, the essence of Wood,
Spring, the East, birth, growth, and upward and outward expansion. It brings clarity, strengthens
timid Gallbladder, and aids indecision and clouded judgment. When someone is frequently angry
from exhaustion or when anger and frustration, a sense of being thwarted by life has led to stagnation
and resentment, this point revitalizes the Body, Mind and Spirit, and can help turn the inward looking
nature of Wood depression back towards the outside world, imparting a sense of loosening oppression.
It can promote an emotional release through tears. See also GB 15, Head Above Tears. For the fullest
response use in Horary time in the Spring.
This is also an extremely important point for promoting the smooth flow of Liver qi (fullness of the
chest with apparent shortness of breath, rebellious qi, lateral costal pain) and is effective for disorders
of the upper body where there are problems from stagnation of Liver Fire or Liver yang rising (red
eyes, visual disorders, dizziness, headache, tinnitus). Its role as an exit point and a distal point also
helps clear the meridian and pull qi down from the head.
This point has important connections with the eyes and vision on all levels. The link with the eyes is
further emphasised by the name; the Gallbladder meridian begins its journey at the eye, its divergent
meridian travels to the eye, and the Liver ‘opens’ into the eye. As the exit point this is where a deep
pathway leaves to connect with LIV 1.
A helpful point for pain and swelling of the breasts (frequently from stagnation of Liver qi), it can be
useful for premenstrual tension, breast tenderness and emotional lability. Both the primary meridian
and the Gallbladder sinew meridian affect the breast and lateral costal area.
Foot Above Tears can resolve Damp-Heat in the lower jiao (chronic vaginal discharge, cystitis,
urethritis. Also use for Phlegm accumulations in the neck and breast. This stems from its properties
as a point able to clear Heat on the Gallbladder and in regulating the Dai Mai.
In its role as the opening or confluent point of Dai mai, or Girdle vessel, (the coalescent points of
which are GB 26, 27, 28) GB 41 can help resolve symptoms that may arise when Dai mai not in
balance, such as abdominal fullness, pain around the Dai mai pathway areas, vaginal discharge,
feeling as though you are sitting in cold water. Dai mai’s gathering of the meridians that pass
longitudinally through its region (Chong mai, Ren mai, the yin meridians of the leg), gives it influence
over the uterus and menstruation.
Its connection with Dai mai makes it particularly useful when there is Stuck Bi from Damp,
particularly in the hip and knee. Local point for pain and swelling
Indications Helps clarity, indecision, depression, premenstrual tension.

Red eyes, visual disorders, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, regulates tearing. Chronic vaginal discharge,
cystitis, urethritis, eczema of the groin and genitals.
Fullness of the chest, disturbed breathing, hypochondriac pain.

Point Name GB 42 DI WU HUI Earth Five Meetings Earth Fivefold Convergence
Earth Five Pinched Ravine
Energetic Nature
Commentary Here again in the Gallbladder meridian we have the number 5 with its numerological indications of
order. Earth provides the form and conditions in which organisation can occur. The Gallbladder
stores essences which are yin, related to the earth, they help maintain life and form in the depths of the
body. The Gallbladder is the Upright Official of Decisions and Judgment, which keeps things in good
order. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) point out that Di Wu Hui is an alternative name for DU 20
One Hundred Meetings, where the yang channels intersect with Du mai. This point is often used to
regain order and control amongst the zang/fu, and interestingly there is a ‘Five Fold Convergence’
point at the top and bottom of the body. The Gallbladder can be very directive and organising, the
other eleven officials gather to it for their decisions and judgements. This is the proper movement of
Gall Bladder qi, but when out of balance, the Gall Bladder can become brutal in its rigidity, over
organised or, conversely, scattered and unable to gather itself to make any fresh start or decision.
Earth Five Meetings can restore balance to the Gall Bladder.
Clears Heat. Promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi, resolves feelings of distention in the chest or
abdomen, lateral costal pain
Indications Feeling of oppression and fullness in the chest.

Headache. Red eyes. Tinnitus.
Lateral costal pain. Swelling of the foot.
Point Name GB 43 XIA XI Valiant Stream Narrow Ravine Brave Stream

Ying-Spring point
Tonification point
Commentary As a Water point on the Gallbladder meridian, Valiant Stream can cool, lubricate and root the growth
of Wood, bring clarity and Will to the urge to move up and out. Without this, there may be
insufficient rooting in the yin and a lack or courage leading to timidity and anxiety ensues. Reflection
may be appropriate when firming up plans but if repeated hesitation means a decisive moment never
arrives then birth and growth don’t take place, hope is disappointed and the repercussions can affect a
person’s entire life. If the pure vitality of the Gallbladder never expresses its potential and our
horizons become smaller we fail to live creatively and with a sense of vision. The ever onward
movement of Water, its Will/zhi is an intimate ally in the wellbeing of the Gallbladder and its ability
to move freely and live with determination and courage. When anger, frustration, volatility or Liver
Fire have caused stagnation, rigidity, and a drying up of growth, this point can tonify and ease the
impulse of the Gallbladder to forge a passage through life.
As the tonification point it promotes the sheng cycle, mother-child connection and nurtures Wood
energy and its smooth flow.
A branch of the Gallbladder meridian passes through the chest, if there is Gallbladder deficiency,
unrootedness and anxiety, this can be unsettling to the Heart. This point can calm and strengthen the
Gallbladder and is useful for palpitations and high blood pressure.
As a Ying-Spring point it can flush out the meridian and clear Heat, it will affect the throat, ears, eyes
and head and so is used to ease headaches, red eyes, dizziness, tinnitus. Its ability to clear the meridian
makes it useful for swellings along the meridian (swelling of the dorsum, knee), and as a distal point
as well for facial swelling.
Subdues Liver yang. Benefits the ears. Resolves Damp-Heat.
Local pain for swelling of the dorsum.
Indications Hesitation, timidity, ‘small Gallbladder’. Headaches. Tinnitus. Red eyes. Swellings along the
meridian pathway. Rigidity. Hypertension. Palpitations.

Point Name GB 44 ZU QIAO YIN Foot Hole Yin (Foot) Orifice Yin Foot Portal Yin

Jing-Well point
Commentary The Metal point on the Gallbladder meridian will bring quality and inspiration to Gallbladder’s
qualities of growth and decisions and judgment. The alternative name of this point Foot Portal Yin
reminds one of the qualities shared with GB 11; both treat the portals of the sense organs (eyes, mouth,
ears, nose and tongue) of the five zang. Here at the most distal, yin, point of the Gallbladder, one is
returned to the other extreme of its heavenly reaches, the senses, all of which are crucial to the ability
of the Gallbladder to carry out is responsibilities and all of which are nourished by the pure vitality the
Gallbladder imparts.
The restraint, the pulling back to the inside, to the yin that is the nature of Metal can counter the
impulsive yang nature of Gallbladder when it is insufficiently rooted. The p’o governs our natural
rhythms and instinctive responses. If Gallbladder is out of balance movement, speech, thought
patterns can become very disjointed, uncoordinated and abrupt. Decisions can be made so quickly
that they may not be backed up with reflection, or with the wisdom of experience and sense of
balance that Metal can garner from life. This point can help restore equilibrium and rhythmic
orderliness to the Gallbladder.
This point is used for migraine around the eyes from Liver yang rising. It has an influence on the
eyes as the distal point of the meridian and is used for red and painful eyes from Liver Fire. When
Liver Fire disturbs the shen, causing agitation and insomnia and dream disturbed sleep, this point
can help calm the Spirit.
As a Jing-Well point it can clear Heat and relieve ‘fullness beneath the heart’, obstruction along the
pathway and hypochondriac, lateral costal pain. Also as the Metal point on the Gallbladder
meridian, when there is stagnation of qi in the chest with coughing or feeling unable to catch the
breath, this point can be used to clear the cough and facilitate the passage of qi.
Used to relieve stagnation or pain caused by stuck Bi in the muscles, joints, and tendons or by pent-
up anger and frustration. Used for inflammation of the dorsum of the foot.
Subdues Liver yang. Benefits the eyes.
Calms the Mind. Benefits the head. Clears Heat.
Indications Insomnia. Anxiety. Palpitations. Hypertension. Headache. Tinnitus. Conjunctivitis.

Lateral costal pain, hypochondriac pain, cough. Eye problems. Acute situations.

The Liver
Meridian
Point Name LIV 1 DA DUN Great Esteem Large Pile Great Sincerity

Wood point
Jing-Well point
Commentary As the Entry point and Wood point located at the start of the meridian, Great Esteem conveys many of
the qualities of the journey of the Liver. A journey about the smooth flow of qi, on a yin meridian,
that ascends to a most yang position. The movement of the Liver is an impulse to spread upwards and
outwards to the extremities. The Liver is responsible for the muscular forces. As the Official called
the General of the Muscular forces, the Liver is responsible for assessing circumstances and planning.
It has to have the virility to make an attack, but this strength has to be rooted in the yin, and needs to
be preceded by assessment and reflection. The Liver stores the Blood when it is not sending it out to
the muscles during activity. The Blood is the where the hun, our ethereal spirits or soul live. The hun
follow the shen and foster our imaginative and creative life, being receptive to the influxes of Heaven
and mutually sustained by one’s Blood, intelligence and spiritual inclinations. The Liver then
manages these two aspects of its nature, the receptive storage of the Blood and the penetrative push of
its movement to the extremities. The Liver needs to be wary of inclining towards action for the sake
of action, getting caught up in continual aggression and anger, which allow no time for recovery or
strategy. Anger scatters the spirits and clouds thinking. The Liver ensures the smooth flow of qi
throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit and anything which impedes this flow causing stagnation or
knotted qi, leads to frustration, anger and ultimately resignation and loss of hope. When the Liver is
in good health, the flow of qi is smooth, we know when to start and when to stop, we can live our life
creatively, forging a path through life and its difficulties with intelligence.
Great Esteem gets the Liver meridian started with a push, helping to get the qi going and start the
process of ‘becoming’. As the first point and the Wood point on the Liver, Great Esteem encodes all
the impulse for movement and the authentic nature of the Wood element; Wood qi moves from the
depths and stillness of Water and Winter to the upwards and outward movement of Wood, it is the
unfolding of potential, movement, vision, planning, assertion and reflection; just as the Spring unfurls
the potential held in seed throughout the winter and sees that seed into its greatest maturity and
expansiveness of being in the summer.
Ellis, Wiseman and Boss (1989) favour the name Great Sincerity, saying this name refers to the
point’s position as the first point and evoking the image of purposeful determination. The pathway of
the Liver loops through the genital area and all its connections with sexuality and birth, connects with
the Liver and Gallbladder zang/fu, runs up through the diaphragm, disperses in the lateral costal
region, links with the eye, and reaches the top of the head. The invigorating quality of this point
allows a person to see and breathe more easily, it gives confidence when there is a lack or the person
feels oppressed, or when the person cannot develop, or see a future. It calms the spirit if the hun are
disturbed.
LIV 1 echoes the property of SP 1 in stopping bleeding particularly when there is Heat in the Blood
(Liver stores the Blood, Liver qi is prone to stagnation which in turn can lead to Blood stagnation;
stagnation can transform into Heat). This point can affect Heat in the Blood especially Heat in the
lower jiao, abnormal uterine bleeding, blood in the urine.
LIV 1 has a particular effect on the Lower jiao where the pathway travels and crosses with Ren mai
and is effective for problems of Damp-Heat in the area. It promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi and
this in turn affects the Bladder’s role of qi transformation and so can be effective in the lower jiao area
when there is difficult urination with distention in the hypogastrium. As a Jing-Well point it can be
used to restore consciousness and can be used in the acute stage of Wind stroke or to invigorate the
meridian and organ and move stagnation of qi. The Liver meridian is very prone to stagnation, both
causing, and caused by, frustration and anger. This can lead to depression, inability to plan, decide or
put plans into action, lack of insight and intuition or, conversely, being lost in these realms, losing
touch with reality.
Indications Calms the spirit; insomnia. frustration, agitation. Windstroke. Regulates menstruation.
Resolves Damp-Heat, difficult urination, enlarged or itchy scrotum, vaginal discharge, pruritus vulvae.
Promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi, Benefits urination; Regulates muscle tone.
First Aid: Restores consciousness.

Point Name LIV 2 XING JIAN Walk Between Moving Between Temporary Inbetween

Ying-Spring point
Sedation point
Commentary The meridian arrives at this point after passing between the toes and before continuing between the
metatarsals, hence its name. This point helps move qi and stagnation and is an important point for
walking physically and emotionally. Continual repression of the emotions, in particular anger, will
manifest as frustration, irritability, stagnation of qi and Blood, depression, sadness. The Liver is the
‘General’ and is by nature decisive, clear thinking and courageous. Indecision and fear thwart its
natural movement.
As the Fire point, Walk Between can also be used to tonify the Liver when there is deficient Fire and
yang. There is a natural assertion about the nature of Wood when in balance and if someone has
become very cold or lacking in yang, is unable to maintain their own boundaries, become timid,
anxious, fearful and gets pushed off their own course by accommodating others, this point can help
restore vitality, warmth, self confidence. When a person is dispirited, beaten down and not reaching
their potential or expressing who they are, this point can help move through weedy frustration to new
growth. Sufficient Blood and smooth flow of qi enable clear communication between the hun and the
shen, so the hun will not be disturbed at night (leading to anxious disturbed dreams) and by day the
person will operate with intelligence — the Liver pathway travels through the brain. The illumination,
purifying and maturity that the Fire point on the Liver meridian can impart can be accessed here to
calm the spirit and help Wood maintain its appropriate movement.
This point regulates the Liver and is often used to disperse the Liver in situations of excess. As a
distal point, this point will affect the head and given that Heat, to which the Liver with its uprising
impulse and continual assertion is prone, rises, this is the point with which to clear Liver Heat from
the head and body. It clears Liver Fire, subdues Liver yang and calms interior Wind, which can arise
when either of the former become intense. Being the Fire point and a ying-Spring point it clears Fire
and can be used when there is bitter taste, thirst, a red face, headaches, dream disturbed heat, scanty
dark urine, constipation, red eyes, a red tongue with thick yellow coating and a Rapid Wiry pulse.
Migraine, violent upsurging of anger, hypertension, epilepsy, Wind-stroke, childrens’ convulsions or
confusion from interior Wind.
Use when there is Liver and Heart Fire together causing disturbed sleep, anxiety, palpitations,
hypertension and night sweats, and when the person is easily frustrated or agitated. For cough caused
by Liver Fire, accompanied by pain (swelling and fullness) below the ribs and feeling unable to turn
the body. The k’e cycle relationship between the Wood and Earth element is vital to the smooth
functioning of the middle jiao. When working well together, you get the right mix of process and
action, empathy and decisiveness, if there is imbalance here with Heat from stagnation leading to
Liver and/or Stomach Fire, extreme worry or frustration causing stagnation and then heat, bad breath,
headache, worry and irascibility, florid behaviour and dreams can manifest. In these situations LIV 2
can clear Heat.
Indications Calms the Spirit. Clears Liver Fire; red eyes, anger, headaches, disturbed sleep, hypertension.
Regulates the Liver: distention; hypochondriac pain; genital pain; frustration.
Subdues Liver yang: Migraine, insomnia.
Cools Blood, abnormal uterine bleeding, excessive menstruation due to heat in the Blood. Invigorates
the Blood
Subdues interior Wind-epilepsy, children’s convulsions.
Transforms Damp-Heat especially in the lower jiao, lower abdominal pain, urinary retention, vaginal
discharges, cystitis, genital itching.

Point Name LIV 3 TAI CHONG Supreme Rushing Happy Calm Bigger Rushing
Great Surge Great Thoroughfare

Yuan Source point
Shu-Stream point
‘Four Gates’ point together with LI 4 Hegu
Commentary LIV 3’s often used alternative name of Happy Calm indicates the profound effect it can have in
calming and freeing the Mind and Spirit when there is tension, or in easing depression when there is
stagnation and one has become too inward-looking. It is also very calming for those who are easily
frustrated and angry and helps them ‘recollect’ themself. As the Yuan-Source point it has a natural
rebalancing action on the meridian and so is a much used point. In combination with He Gu LI 4 it is
known as the “Four Gates” and is used for intense general anxiety and to ease muscular spasm.
As the Earth point on the Wood meridian, it is a stabilising, grounding and harmonizing point. Earth
gives us form, an arena where Wood can grow and develop, but one with limits. As the Source point
it is linked with the yuan qi and is a good point to invigorate the meridian and tonify when there is
deficiency of Liver Blood. The Liver stores the Blood and disharmony in the Liver will often affect
the menstrual cycle, dysfunctional bleeding, irregularity and pain. The influence of yuan qi will help
calm and balance the Liver when it has over-reached itself, pushing past limits, forgetting when to
stop and erupting into anger, (or bleeding that won’t cease or planning that never stops). The Liver in
a state of health stops when it has reached its natural limit in any activity.
Liver 3 is a very important point to regulate and tonify the Liver. Su Wen calls LIV 3 the place where
Chong mai and the Kidney meridian show ‘great exuberance’ (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
‘Chong’ in its name not only reminds one of the Chong mai –.the Sea of Blood, but of the nature of
the qi here which is intense and surging yet not harsh. This supports the Blood and the smooth flow
of qi and restores the exuberance the Liver experiences when it is not constrained, hence ‘Happy
Calm’. The Liver has an important yin aspect to its role in its storage of the Blood as well as its more
yang aspects, and indeed the yang movement of the Liver needs to be rooted in the yin to be strong
and free flowing. Deficiency in the Liver can allow both stagnation and Wind to arise. The Liver
actively guards and stores the Blood, and the spirits of the Liver, the hun, reside in the Blood;
insufficient Blood leaves them restless, and frustration, disrupted sleep, anxiety or a sense of
rootlessness can result, and lead to stagnation or repression of the upward and outward movement of
the Liver. Anger can lead to binding and imploding pressure or distention, frequently seen in the
subcostal area, or in headaches or indeed anywhere covered by the Liver and Gallbladder pathways,
eyes, throat (plum stone feeling), genitals, menstrual symptoms, emotional lability and moodiness. It
is an important point for stagnation of the inner body.
Being the Shu-Stream point it can affect the zang and so can be used for all disorders of the Liver.
Shu-stream points can be used both to tonify and disperse.
Supreme Rushing expels Wind and calms spasms, contractions, cramps. Wood governs the sinews
and tendons. It can be combined with He Gu LI 4 to expel Wind from the face in Bell’s palsy, facial
paralysis and tic. It is used to expel painful obstruction syndrome where Wind is the dominant factor.
Used to subdue Liver yang rising, for example in migraine.
Maciocia (1989) cites it for use in expelling Cold from the Liver meridian, with genital swelling,
orchitis, or chronic vaginal discharge, when the point is first needled with reducing method and then
moxa-ed. The pathway of the Liver meridian travels through the lower jiao, loops the genitals, and so
influences this area. This also indicates it for premenstrual tension and menstrual disorders from
stagnation of Liver qi and for abdominal distention and intercostal neuralgia. It can also invigorate
the meridian and nourish Liver Blood.
Indications Calms the Mind and Spirit, imparts courage and strength.
Subdues Liver yang. Expels Wind; facial paralysis, tic, headache.
Promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi, distention of the lateral and subcostal areas, painful and
irregular menstruation.
Eases spasms.

Point Name LIV 4 ZHONG FENG Middle Seal Mound Centre Middle Barrier

Jing-River point
Commentary When the upward and outward to the extremities movement of Wood is well sustained by Blood and
qi, our life moves from potential into form. At the level of the Mind and Spirit this gives us the
knowledge of where and who we are in the world. When this movement is not nourished and rooted
in yin this taking shape in the world may not reach its potential and the sense of self is weakened.
This is the Metal point on the Liver meridian. The movement of the Liver and Lung are opposite, the
Liver moves up and outwards to the extremities, the Lung returns us to the interior. The hun are free
to come and go, the p’o are concerned with entering and exiting. Their relationship is crucial, without
the p’o the hun would float off towards Heaven, without the hun the p’o would descend into the Earth.
The Metal point on Wood will impart a certain restraint and balance to the impetuous rush of ‘the
General’ to action, when imbalanced. Metal imbues inspiration, presence and quality to Body, Mind
and Spirit when the Liver lacks resources. Metal brings clarity to assist the penetrative and
adventurous thought that the Liver is capable of in good health. When Wood is imbalanced there are
often issues about boundaries and territory. Metal can help make distinct what is you and what is
someone else, restrain a Wood element that is rampant or firm up a ‘doormat’.
Zhong Feng promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi in the lower jiao, particularly in the genital and
urinary area, which the Liver meridian encircles. Middle Seal as the ambassador point of Metal on the
Liver, carries the role of the Lung, which regulates the Waterways, and the movement of the Lung
which descends liquids to the Bladder. Used for urinary symptoms with a feeling of distention in the
hypogastrium from stagnation of Liver qi.
Local effect for pain and swelling of the ankle joint.
As a Jing-River point, it is indicated for alternating chills and fever and for clearing Damp-Heat.
Although Jing-River points are indicated in Nan Jing 68 (Pirog 1996) for “dyspnea, cough, colds,
chills and fevers” indicating that the Lungs have been invaded by Wind Cold or Heat, or when illness
has caused a ‘change in the voice’ (Ling Shu 44; Pirog 1996), LIV 4 is not much used for this purpose.
It would be more likely to be used when stagnation of Liver qi has led to stagnation of qi in the chest
causing the person to sigh, or for constriction in the throat. The primary Liver meridian spreads in the
Lung and can be used for stagnation of qi and oppression in the chest.
Indications Helps bring balance, restraint, quality and inspiration to the Mind and Spirit of the Liver.
Promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi in the lower jiao; colic, lower abdominal pain and distention,
pain after eating, genital pain.
Local point for pain and swelling of the ankle joint.

Point Name LIV 5 LI GOU Insect Ditch Draining Shells Woodworm Canal
Energetic Nature Luo/Connecting/Junction point of the Liver
Commentary Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) write that the name “Draining Shells” indicates purity. “The
calabash shell (a hollowed out gourd) was used in Daoist practice as a sacrificial or measuring vessel
due to its yin like form and quality.” Also the lateral view of the gastrocnemius muscle is said to
resemble a shell.
Insect Ditch is said to refer to the sensation of an insect crawling on the skin and this point is used
particularly for genital itching, vaginal discharge and cloudy urine and irritability. The Wood element
is responsible for the tendons and the genitals are considered the gathering place of the sinews.
Looking at the Liver meridian, the primary pathway encircles the genitals, the connecting and
sinew/muscle pathways pass through the genitals, and the divergent meridian rises to the pubic area,
so the Liver has great influence over this area connected to procreation. The Liver luo-Connecting
meridian departs from here, connecting with the Gallbladder meridian and flows up the medial aspect
of the thigh to encircle the genitals. In this region it crosses with REN 2, 3, and 4. Ross (1995) says
that Li Gou is said to ‘firm jing’ (Essence) and so is used in many sexual dysfunctions relating to the
Liver and Kidney; premature ejaculation, sterility, priapism.
The power of the Liver is birth and in a state of health all the resonance of the upward outward
movement of spring, growth, the unfolding of a life are found here. If Liver qi is lacking then this
development is thwarted, frustrated, timid and frightened rather than bold and assertive. If Liver
Blood is also deficient you see people who are easily startled, who stop and start and cannot manifest
a smooth progression in their life. The Liver stores the Blood and the smooth flow of Liver qi is what
ensures the correct release and flow of Blood. This point enriches yin, contains the Blood, spreads
Liver qi, is used for many menstrual problems and sustains and soothes the Spirit.
This point also affects the throat, through which the deep pathway of the Liver meridian passes, and is
used for stagnation of Liver qi in the throat causing a feeling of a lump in the throat or a ‘plum stone
feeling’ and for moving stagnation of oppression, worry, depression when the spirit of Wood needs
‘purifying’, when there is frustration and depression, can’t see the wood for the trees. It can
harmonise and calm the spirit.
As a luo-Junction point, it brings stability and harmony to all interactions of the Liver and Gallbladder.
The Gallbladder as an extraordinary fu works only with what is pure, clear and decisive. This point
maintains their smooth relations whether at the level of coordinating the timing of the release of Blood
to the extremities, making a start on a plan or having hope for the future.
Regulates and tonifies the Liver and promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi. Although less powerful
than LIV 3, LIV 5 invigorates the qi, particularly it affects the qi and symptomatology of the Liver
meridian, Liver qi stagnation, menstrual problems, issues of the mind and spirit to do with growth,
vision and hope. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) mention this point for muscle spasms of the back,
presumably the lumbar area particularly as so many of the Liver pathways pass through this level of
the body but also because the Wood element is responsible for sinews and over straining and rigidity
can easily affect Wood.
Indications Wood depression, irritation and vexation of the Spirit, hopelessness

Transforms Damp-Heat especially in the lower burner.
Sexual disorders. Menstrual problems, irregular menstruation, endometriosis, abnormal uterine
bleeding.
Uterovaginal prolapse.
Genital itching. Priapism. Muscle spasms of the lower back. Lower abdominal fullness
Stabilises the essence.

Point Name LIV 6 ZHONG DU Middle Capital Central Capital Central Metropolis
Commentary The name indicates that Zhong Du is located in the centre of the shin bone where the point is found in
a hollow; it is also a xi-cleft point where qi and Blood accumulate and mingle, as people do in a city.
This accumulation of Blood and qi makes xi-cleft points good to use when nourishing and
strengthening are key issues. The revitalisation afforded by these points, which are not command
being like a ‘periscope’ — they help foster a new outlook and appraisal of circumstances. They can
reinvigorate a person if their qi is stagnant or stolid. In the same way that all the exchanges and
different cultures of a big city can broaden one’s horizons, Middle Capital can help stimulate the Mind
and Spirit of Wood if it has become hidebound and rigid, and supports the Liver official with
assessment, strategy and planning which are so important to the nature of Wood.
channel on which they are found and are much used in acute conditions. It shares many similar
actions with LIV 4 and 5 in its effects on the genital area although as a xi-cleft/accumulation point it is
particularly indicated in full conditions, acute situations and to irrigate the length of the meridian.
Maciocia (1989) cites it for acute urinary pain from Damp Heat and stagnation of Liver Qi.
Spreads Liver qi. Transforms Damp-Heat.
Indications To revitalise the Liver official.

Lower abdominal distention and pain.
Hepatitis. Jaundice. Hernial disorders.
Diarrhoea. Acute urinary pain.
Point Name LIV 7 XI GUAN Knee Border Knee Joint Knee Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary This point is located near the knee and is used for conditions affecting the knee, Bi syndrome,
especially when it arises from Wind and is affecting the medial aspect of the knee. The Wood
element ‘governs’ the sinews.
It is mentioned for lower abdominal pain if stagnation of Liver qi is involved.
Dispels Wind. Eases pain. Benefits the knee.
Indications Pain affecting the medial aspect of the knee with inability to bend the knee or extend the leg.
Lower abdominal pain.

Point Name LIV 8 QU QUAN Crooked Spring Curved Spring Spring at the Bend
Spring and Bend
He-Sea point
Tonification point
Commentary The ‘spring’ in the name of this point refers to it being the Water point and Crooked/Bend/Curve refer
to its location. Ellis, Wiseman and Boss (1989) point out that two other points nearby have Spring in
their name, SP 9 Yin Mound Spring, GB 34 Yang Mound Spring. All three points are He-Sea points.
As the Water point and tonification point along the Sheng cycle mother-child relationship, Crooked
Spring is used to engender strength and nourish the Liver at each level of Body, Mind and Spirit. For
Wood to grow strong and to unfold its potential it must be rooted in Water, without its foundations
being strong its growth will be weak and inflexible. When the Liver isn’t well rooted it can give way
to over aggressive impulses and lose the instinctive ability to stop at the extremities, so it becomes
angry, stressed, over organising and invades the territory of other officials and people. Without this
rooting in the yin, the hun become agitated, the correct communication with the shen is lost and chaos,
mania, palpitations and disturbed sleep can ensue. Qu Quan brings the tranquility, lubrication and yin
rooting of Water to assist the Liver with its smooth flow of qi, accommodating change and easing its
way through any knotted qi. It strengthens the Liver’s intelligence in conceiving plans and ability to
make new beginnings and to direct others in a benevolent rather than controlling way. When there is
a lack of Will it is hard to put into effect the steps the Liver, with its responsibility for assessing
situations, sees as necessary; if the person’s sense of self is unrooted or the person is over-stretched,
they may be unable to accommodate or reflect upon other viewpoints, or adapt to changes of
circumstance. When the person experiences life as a battle, this point can strengthen the Will, refresh
the spirit and soften rigidity.
As a He-Sea point, it will harmonise the distal and proximal ends of the meridian making it a useful
point with far reaching effects, for example, for Liver-type headaches or Bi syndrome. As a He-Sea
point, Nan Jing 68 indicates it for ‘counterflow qi and diarrhoea’. He-Sea points of the lower limb all
treat urinary symptoms. LIV 8 is used for difficulties in urination associated with obstruction by
Damp (Heat or Cold), and being on the Liver meridian may be particularly useful when pain, Heat,
distension and blockage are key factors. LIV 8 benefits urination more and LIV 5 is more for genital
problems.
He-Sea points are used to harmonise the flow of qi and Blood in the meridian and to dislodge
pathogens that have become stuck in the joints (Bi syndrome). As the Water point it moistens and
nourishes the sinews and is used for cramps, weakness and Bi syndrome along the medial aspect of the
knee.
The Liver stores the Blood and is prone to stagnation of qi and Blood. As a He-Sea point able to
harmonise qi and Blood flow, this point can be used for menstrual and fertility problems. As a Water
point it is often used in yin deficiency situations affecting the Liver, inflexibility and restlessness of
body, mind and spirit, dry skin and eyes. As a He-Sea point, Ling Shu 6 indicates its use for skin
problems, especially if clearing Heat in the Blood.
Regulates and tonifies the Liver; drains Liver Heat; Spreads Liver qi; nourishes Blood; strengthens the
knee; relaxes the sinews.
Benefits the Bladder; Transforms Damp-Heat especially from the lower jiao.
Some acupuncture traditions palpate He-Sea points to determine the health of the meridian.
Indications Soothes and nourishes the Liver. Regulates and Tonifies the Liver
Benefits the Bladder, strangury (difficult urine patterns, retention of, cloudy, burning, pruitis vulvae)
Regulates menstruation, fertility and moves Blood stasis.
Yin deficiency situations affecting the Liver, inflexibility and restlessness of Mind and Spirit, dry skin
and eyes.
Strengthens the knee.
Skin problems.

Point Name LIV 9 YIN BAO Yin Wrapping Yin Bladder
Energetic Nature
Commentary Invigorates the Liver meridian. Rectifies the qi. This point can be beneficial for the Liver and Chong
and Ren mai. It is said to adjust Chong and Ren mai through the Liver meridian traversing the medial
aspect of the leg and crossing with Ren and Chong mai in the lower jiao. The Liver has areas of
common interest with Chong mai with regard to the Blood. Chong mai, like the Liver, has a dual
nature, the chong or penetrating movement which is good at freeing stagnation and accumulations,
and the nurturing relationship it has particularly with the Blood and yin. Ren mai and Chong mai are
both considered Seas of yin, the chong mai being more to do with the Blood and Ren mai more to do
with qi. This point can help the Liver when it needs particular assistance with yin and Blood
deficiency which has led to stagnation and masses in the lower jiao or when the Liver has lost its
rooting in yin and become agitated, panicky and tearful. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) comment
that the character ‘Bao’ which can mean to wrap or envelop could be considered a reference to either
the Bladder or the Womb, both of which are ‘bao’.
Indications Irregular menstruation. Inhibited urination.

Lumbosacral pain referring to the lower abdomen. Spasm of the loins, buttocks, legs.
Point Name LIV 10 ZU WU LI Five Miles Foot Five Li
Energetic Nature
Commentary From the name it can be said that LIV 10 can affect the five zang and the centre of the body. Five is
the number of organization, given when four things or directions have a centre around which they
orientate. This point can be used to free stagnation of qi and Blood and any over contracted
musculature in the centre of the body.
Soothes the sinews. Can be used as a secondary local point for Damp-Heat, Damp-Cold, or stagnation
of qi and Blood in the area of the upper thigh, groin and genitals and for lower abdominal distention.
Also cited for Wind ataxia Cough and respiratory difficulties. Damp and Heat.
Indications Retention of urine; Pain in the penis; Scrotal inflammation; Prolapsed uterus; Hernia
Point Name LIV 11 YIN LIAN Yin Angle Yin Corner
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name refers to the location, on the yin aspect of the leg at the inner angle of the groin. Its position
is at a place where it is easy for qi to stick and accumulate. Needling the point can ease the flow
where there is distension and stagnation in the lower jiao or genital irritation or pain.
Soothes the sinews and quickens the connecting vessels.
Regulates the Chong and Ren mai and is useful in regulating menstruation and affecting the uterus.
This point is often treated with moxa for infertility.
Indications
Menstrual problems.
Used for pain on the medial aspect of the thigh.
Distension in the lower jiao or genital irritation or pain.

Point Name LIV 12 JI MAI Hasty Pulse Urgent Pulse
Energetic Nature Crossing point with SP 12 and the Yin Wei mai.
Commentary Soothes the Liver when there is tension and impatience in the Body, Mind and Spirit. Contraction of
the musculature from Cold or stagnation impedes the Liver’s capacity for reflection and overview.
Reflection is one of the abilities of the Liver and is essential for discrimination and planning. The
crossing with the Yin Wei mai which helps gather, keep well arranged, and preserve all the yin,
suggests that Ji Mai can be used to balance and maintain in good order the yin aspect and
responsibilities of the Liver, bringing relaxation and moisturizing dryness when there is rigidity and
strain. However, the use of this point, named for its proximity to the femoral artery, is mostly said to
be to dissipate Cold from the Liver meridian and in particular to dissipate pain and Cold from the
genitals. Ellis, Wiseman and Boss (1989) say the name ‘is described in Essential Questions as being
derived from the nature of the pulse at the point when the Liver channel is struck by pathogenic cold’.
Interestingly, Deadman, P et al. (1998) say this point was ‘first mentioned in Essential Questions but
not in either the Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, nor the Great Compendium of
Acupuncture…which refer to the “thirteen points of the Liver channel”.
Frees the channels. A deep pathway connection through the genitals to REN 2 helps pain in the lower
jiao, genitals and uterine prolapse, though given the proximity of the femoral artery, moxa may be
preferable to needling (Deadman,P. et al. 1998). Pain along the medial aspect of the thigh.
N.B. Needle with care due to the proximity of the femoral artery, nerve and vein.
Indications Pain in the external genitalia. Prolapse of the Uterus.

Pain in the lower abdomen.
Dissipates Cold from the Liver meridian.

Point Name LIV 13 ZHANG MEN Chapter Gate Elbow Gate Camphorwood Gate
Order Gate
Energetic Nature Front mu point of the Spleen
Hui Meeting point of the zang
Meeting point of the Liver and Gallbladder meridians
Commentary As the superficial meridian of the Liver nears the end of its pathway two gates are encountered:
Chapter Gate LIV 13 and Gate of Hope, LIV 14. Gates are places of transition where we leave and
enter new territory. ‘Gates’ also structure and regulate the flow of qi through tricky energetic terrain.
Chapter Gate and Gate of Hope are great points either to use individually, or together, if, for example,
someone is finding some stage in their life hard to move along from, or symptoms arising from Liver
qi stagnation need greater encouragement to resolve. The Wood element is about birth and new
beginnings, Spring, and the optimism and vision to make plans. There are many times in life when we
need to make a new start, change our ways or our perspective, not to mention the millions of decisions
that have to be started and implemented by the Wood element at every level of the Body, Mind, Spirit
each day. The superficial Liver meridian may only have fourteen points but the deep pathway reaches
all the way to the heavenly aspect of the body at Du 20. Like the head of a bean sprout root, the
energetic territory of LIV 13 and 14 is trickier for the qi to negotiate than the smooth shoot of the leg.
This may be beneficial in some ways as it slows the qi before it can rush into the Lungs or the head
but the qi frequently becomes knotted here if there is deficiency of Blood and qi. The pathway here
connects with the Liver and Gallbladder zang/fu as well as the abdominal wall so the impact of these
two points is very direct on the Officials. Most importantly they free the qi. Provided there is
sufficient rooting in the yin, the Liver can then continue its journey unimpeded to the heights.
Chapter Gate is a marvelous point for the Mind and Spirit when someone has been stuck in a rut, they
might be knotted up with frustration and sour with thwarted plans. Nothing has gone smoothly for
them and they become turned in on themselves and depressed. LIV 13 promotes the smooth flow of
Liver qi, dispersing stagnation when there is stagnation, rigidity, oppression in the chest and Spirit,
abdominal distention, abdominal masses; whenever there is an inability to move on to the next stage
in the processes of life. Chapter Gate provides uplift and release for the Mind and Spirit just as the qi
flow at this point promotes the upward movement and vigour necessary for the Liver to negotiate the
energetic geography. Chapter Gate provides a gentle release for the Mind and Spirit, once the qi
flows freely again, the sense of oppression is dispersed, and it seems possible to start anew.
Conversely, when there is anxiety accompanied by a feeling of qi rushing up the body to the throat,
this point can root, calm and disperse the stagnation of qi and its erratic flow.
Regulates the Liver; intercostal neuralgia, abdominal, intercostal, hypochondriac pain and body
tremors; disperses stagnation when there is fullness in the chest.
This is an important point with particular influence over the middle jiao. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss
(1989) explain that ‘Zhang’ was originally used to denote the camphor laurel tree and by extension
any valuable timber. This point is where the two Wood meridians intersect as well as being the Front
mu/alarm point of the Spleen (The front mu points are where the qi of the zang/fu gathers). “It is thus
the place where Wood receives Earth and it is said in the Book of History ‘When Wood receives the
virtue of Earth it becomes a thousand pieces of valuable lumber” Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989).
The Spleen transports the Post-Heavenly qi to the zang and thus, in a way, governs and unites the
zang.
Used to harmonise the relationship between Liver and Spleen. Used whenever Liver qi overacts across
the K’e cycle, and invades Stomach and Spleen, preventing Spleen qi from ascending and
transforming and preventing Stomach qi from descending (retention of food, belching and fullness in
the epigastrium). The use of this point will promote the smooth flow of Liver qi and eliminate
stagnation as well as strengthen the Spleen. When the relationship between Spleen and Liver is
healthy, there is a good balance of well thought-out planning, vision tempered with understanding,
when imbalanced there can be excessive worry, tendency to irritation, anger, indecision, inaction,
stagnation, depression. Particularly good with moxa if there is deficiency of Spleen yang.
[Continued…]

Point Name LIV 13 ZHANG MEN […continued]
Regulates qi and Blood. Benefits the Stomach and Spleen.
Regulates and Tonifies the Spleen. Regulates the Stomach and middle jiao.
Relieves the retention of Food. Transforms Damp, Damp-Heat in Gallbladder and Liver, Phlegm;
atrophy syndrome due to Damp-Heat. The meeting of GB, SP, and LIV at this point makes it
effective in clearing Damp. Stagnation of qi leading to Blood stasis can result in hard abdominal
masses, enlarged Liver and Spleen. This point can be used to disperse stagnation and soften masses.
Indicated for sciatica as well as lumbar pain, coldness and inability to turn. The Liver meridian meets
the Gallbladder meridian at this point in the territory of Dai mai which affects the ability to bend
flexibly, organise and dominates the sides of the body.
Indications Promotes the smooth flow of Liver qi, dispersing stagnation, depression, stuck-ness, oppression in the
chest, abdominal distention, abdominal masses.
Abdominal distention, alternating diarrhoea and constipation, loss of appetite, tired limbs.
Transforms Damp-Heat; hepatitis, nausea with a bitter taste, indigestion, pain due to stagnation of
food, headache.

Point Name LIV 14 QI MEN Gate of Hope Cycle Gate
Energetic Nature Front mu/Alarm point of the Liver
Exit point
Crossing point of Liver and Spleen meridian with Yin Wei mai
Commentary (This first paragraph is repeated from LIV 13) As said in LIV 13, as the superficial meridian of the
Liver nears the end of its pathway two gates are encountered: Chapter Gate LIV 13 and Gate of Hope,
LIV 14. Gates are places of transition where we leave and enter new territory. ‘Gates’ also structure
and regulate the flow of qi through tricky energetic terrain. Chapter Gate and Gate of Hope are great
points either to use individually, or together, if, for example, someone is finding some stage in their
life hard to move along from, or symptoms arising from Liver qi stagnation need greater
encouragement to resolve. The Wood element is about birth and new beginnings, Spring, and the
optimism and vision to make plans. There are many times in life when we need to make a new start,
change our ways or our perspective, not to mention the millions of decisions that have to be started
and implemented by the Wood element at every level of the Body, Mind, Spirit each day. The
superficial Liver meridian may only have fourteen points but the deep pathway reaches all the way to
the heavenly aspect of the body at Du 20. The energetic territory of LIV 13 and 14 are trickier for the
qi to negotiate than the smooth shoot of the leg. This may be beneficial in some ways as it slows the
qi before it can rush into the Lungs or the head but the qi frequently becomes knotted here if there is
deficiency of Blood and qi. The pathway here connects with the Liver and Gall Bladder organs as
well as the abdominal wall so the impact of these two points is very direct on the Officials and most
useful to free the qi.
Provided there is sufficient rooting in the yin, the Liver can then continue its deep pathway journey
unimpeded to the heights. As the exit point, Gate of Hope anticipates the future, its free circulation
and flow reaching towards the next cycle of the qi at the Lung. The alternative name Cycle Gate
refers to this circulation of the qi.
LIV 14 promotes the smooth flow of qi and restores the Liver’s delight and exuberance in its natural
movement of rising up and spreading out to the extremities. A great point when the Mind and Spirit
have relinquished hope, when there is despair and deep stagnation of thought and Spirit, when the
patient cannot conceive of any plans or look forward to anything in their life. When Liver qi is
blocked the person feels deeply oppressed, turned in on themselves with a mix of anger and
wretchedness, or frequent and/or long term anger has led to fullness and distention in the chest with
frequent sighing, restricted breathing, this is a point to consider. Opening this gate moves stagnation
and exhorts the qi to reconnect with its route to heavens. It encourages the transition to the upper
chest and the meeting with the Lung. This enables the person to receive qi and inspiration again,
dispersing the stagnation in their life and encountering new vistas and allows the Liver to fully
traverse the new territory of its deep pathway to the heavenly aspect of the body, Du 20, unhindered.
Use when a person needs to reconnect with the possibilities of life, their potential and regain a sense
of direction and their higher purpose.
The free coming and going of the hun can become dislocated when there is stagnation. This interrupts
their relationship with the shen, but also with the healthy connections and relationships they make in
our dreams. This connection can be restored here so that we regain vision and hope but also
imagination, and creative, strategic thought. To be disconnected through stagnation or divorced by
insufficient rooting in the yin from the spiritual vitality and intelligence of the hun can lead to
desperation for the Liver, and then the virtue of the Liver, benevolence, seems impossible to access
both for oneself and others. Gate of Hope helps potentiate a new era, one that offers vitality, growth
and hope.
[Continued…]

[
Point Name LIV 14 QI MEN […continued]

As the front mu point for the Liver, qi collects here. The focus of LIV 14 is on the upper jiao. From
here a deep pathway passes through the diaphragm to flow in to the Lungs to link with the Lung
meridian. The main meridian runs up through the diaphragm, crosses by the ribs, goes behind the
trachea, larynx, pharynx and up onto the face. It passes through the nasal cavities to the lachrymal
canal where it connects with the eye, then travels up the forehead and over the frontal bone to DU 20.
Another deep branch travels down from the eye, down the mandible and encircles the lips. Stagnant
Liver qi, which becomes stasis of Blood, can lead to masses or stabbing pain in the chest, heart, lateral
costal region and abdomen. The Liver stores the Blood and using its front-mu can eliminate Heat
from the Blood, which otherwise can cause violent headaches, manic behaviour and insomnia. Here
also is a link with the Yin Wei mai, which links all the yin and tonifies the Blood and yin and affects
the heart, and so is an especially useful point when there is anxiety as well as pain.
Images and Functions (Lade, A. 1989) mentions translations of the character ‘Qi’ in Qi Men which
refer to a complete cycle of meridian qi which has been completed at this point and which will begin
again with the Lung. Also, Qi Men is the classical term for the rank of an army officer, which
reminds one that the Liver is the General who excels in strategic planning. This point strongly
influences the Liver and conveys some essence of what the Liver in health is about: strength and
flexibility, action and reflection. It regulates and disperses stagnation in the Liver and Gallbladder;
spreads Liver qi, expands and relaxes the chest.
LIV 14 invigorates the Blood, transforms Damp-Heat, expedites and facilitates lactation. In many
ways this point has similar actions to LIV 13, though this point affects the Stomach more than the
Spleen. It harmonises Liver and Stomach pain when Liver has invaded the Stomach leading to
belching, nausea, hypochondriac distention and pain these can occur through over-hasty consumption
of food, eating on the run, and long term anger which gnaws away at one.
Indications Resignation.
Problems of the breast; lactation and mastitis, chest pain, chest and hypochondriac distention and pain,
sighing, cough, dypsnoea, premenstrual breast tenderness.
Hepatitis, cholecystits, acid regurgitation.

The Ren Mai
Point Name REN 1 HUI YIN Meeting of Yin Ghost Store Seabed Lower Yin Divergence
General Luo Junction point
Crossing point of Ren, Du, and Chong Mai
Commentary Ren mai originates from bao zhong, the intimate envelope in the depths of the lower jiao, and flows
through the Uterus to REN 1. REN 1 is a crossing point with Du mai and Chong mai, they begin
together in the depths and mystery of life, undifferentiated. The Extraordinary Vessels “are part of the
primitive constitution of a being, they represent the purest stimulation of life given by Heaven” (Larre
& Rochat 1997). As Extraordinary vessels they are more primary than the twelve main meridians,
operating from a deeper energetic level. They are the first organisation of life within us, that of yin
and yang, Blood and qi and they function throughout our life, regulating in the depths. Ren and Du
mai are the only pair of the eight to have their own points, which makes them particularly notable.
They make a circuit of the body, starting in the depths and meeting on the face. As the Sea of all the
Yin, and charged with mastery over the Uterus, Ren mai endows nourishment, protection, and strength
bringing together all the essences, blood, qi and liquids.
Ren mai, which has so much to do with conception and the ability to bear a child, is about taking on
responsibility and coping with life. It operates within everyone, enabling us to bear the difficulties and
burdens of life, and to nourish our individual lives. When depletion has left the Mind and Spirit
unable or unwilling to do this, REN 1 can ground and strengthen the person so they feel less burdened.
Ren mai allows us to be present in life and to endure. It also means “to be worthy of confidence, to be
sincere and reliable” (ibid.) Being the Sea of Yin, there is the idea of strength (for yang must be rooted
in yin in order to be strong), and of receptivity — that one survives in life in part by the ability to adapt
to change, to receive what is good, to be flexible and fluid. As part of the “purest stimulation of life
given by Heaven” (ibid.) Ren mai is also receptive to Heavenly influx and a way of guarding our life
along its correct path for our destiny, our union with the dao. The Ren mai’s mastery over the Uterus
affords us protection in life, as the Uterus does the child. Here at REN 1, the “Seabed”, the essence of
the journey of Ren mai begins in the mystery of the depths. This can be a transforming point if trauma
from giving birth has led to severe depletion or an energetic block. As a Crossing point of Ren, Du
and Chong mai, it is also used for painful and difficult menstruation and prolapse of the bowel and
uterus.
Use for resuscitation, for both Body and Spirit. It is am empirical point for resuscitation after
drowning (Maciocia 1989) but is more often used when the person’s spirit is submerged and
overwhelmed. REN 1 is located at the polar opposite to DU 20 One Hundred Meetings, where all the
yang gathers, with similar unifying effects on the Officials. A point of resurrection when the person
seems deluged by life, a specific trauma or just worn down by the taking on of responsibilities. This
point goes directly to those early but Heavenly influxes in us and summons all the all the wisdom and
strength of those influences to raise the drowning spirit. Meeting of Yin roots and calms the spirit.
The conservation of yin and essences in the depths provides an appropriate environment for the
presence of the Spirits, this point can root us into our yin, providing the quietude so necessary for the
Heart. This ability to steady the spirit can help balance a person suffering from florid mania, or
epilepsy and warrants its inclusion as a Ghost point.
In Five Element acupuncture, REN 1 shares a kinship with KI 24 in its role as a point for resuscitation
and emotional rescue. It might be chosen in preference to KI 24 when the nature of the desperation is
that of being overwhelmed and completely agitated – as when someone is physically drowning and
trying to keep their head above the waves, frantically trying to attract help. KI 24 is preferred when
the Spirit needs to be raised up from darkest torpor. REN 1 could be needled in combination with KI
24 Spirit Burial Ground if the person seems particularly desperate and liable to sink again.
REN 1 nourishes and stabilises yin and benefits the Kidney Essence. Strengthens the lower orifices.
Resolves Damp-Heat. Clears Heat. Use for Yin deficiency leading to incontinence, Regulates
menstruation. Regulates the Ren vessel. Local use for utero-vaginal or rectal prolapse, itching or pain.
Indications. Incontinence, nocturnal emissions, night sweats. Heat affecting local region. Asphyxia due to near
drowning. Use when the Spirit is desperate, suffocating, losing control. Revives consciousness.

Point Name REN 2 QU GU Crooked Bone Curved Bone
Energetic Nature Crossing point of the Liver and Ren mai
Commentary The name relates to the anatomy of the pubic symphysis.
Here, the Liver meridian crosses with Ren mai bringing the resonances of that element. The Liver
is a yin official, a zang, but it has two distinct aspects to its character: the yang aspect that will
surge upwards and out everywhere like the Spring, capable of attack and clearing a path; and the
more yin aspect to do with the storage of Blood, which nourishes and supports. It is the first of the
elemental meridians to cross with Ren mai, appropriately enough given the relationship of
beginnings with Wood, Spring, the power of birth, freeing the Blood necessary for movement and
muscular strength. Its strength comes from it being well-rooted in yin.
This point can help when there are problems of conception, impotence, masses in the lower jiao
from stagnation of qi and Blood, when there are issues of smooth flow of Blood or qi affecting the
lower jiao or the Liver meridian. It is a good place to root Wood qi when it has been exhausted
and has become fearful or conversely is tending to surge, raging upwards. This quality can also
help when someone is very stuck in their life, unable to break through the obstacle of their inertia
and make a new start. This point can reawaken hope and smooth flow.
If Ren mai is about taking responsibility for oneself, one’s inner life, then one needs to have the
desire for life, also a vision, a plan for one’s life, even if only for the first steps; the Liver is the
dwelling place of the hun, the hun follow the shen. If Blood is deficient the hun can be disturbed
and no longer follow the shen, our dreams may be wild rather than permitting the connections
made during peaceful sleep by the coming and goings of the hun, or we may lose our ability to
reflect in tranquility. REN 2 can help nourish and steady the Liver.
This point can also help to reestablish the Ren mai after REN 1 has been needled.
Stabilises Essence. Tonifies and warms qi of the Bladder and Uterus. Raises qi. Contains the
Blood.
Indications Use when the Liver or hun is un-rooted, wild dreams, no vision, no hope or plans from deficient yin
and Blood. To break through stagnation for a new start.
Used locally for Damp-Heat or yin deficiency Heat.
Lower jiao cold and deficient.
Lower jiao issues where qi needs raising, lack of virility, pain and prolapse or stagnation (e.g.
fibroids).

Point Name REN 3 ZHONG JI Utmost Middle Middle Extremity Central Pole
Energetic Nature Front-mu/Alarm point of the Bladder

Crossing/Reunion point of Ren mai, Liver, Spleen and Kidney
Commentary Utmost Middle is a reunion point affecting the Body/Mind and Spirit, found in the middle of the
person on a vertical and horizontal axis and situated in the mysterious depths of the being. It is a
reunion of the yin, the Liver, Spleen and Kidney meridians with the major yin extraordinary vessel.
This is a powerful combination helping to stabilise at the core. It can help strengthen and uphold the
lower jiao and confer a sense of yin strength and calm to a delicate or malnourished Mind and Spirit.
Utmost Middle has the potential to harmonise the qi (although REN 4 might be more the point of
choice when there is a major deficiency in the pulses).
The Chinese name for the North Star, Central Pole, the star seen at the ‘centre’ of the sky, as this point
is at the centre of the body, is another name for REN 3 (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
Being the crossing point of so many meridians that affect the Blood and reproduction, REN 3 is said to
regulate menstruation, the Uterus and the lower jiao.
Promotes the Bladder function of qi transformation, being the Front-mu point of the Bladder. Front-
mu points become spontaneously tender when their associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this,
some consider them mostly for acute situations, but mu means to “collect, raise, enlist” (Maciocia
1989) and the qi of the associated zang/fu collects at these points. Front-mu points are yin in nature
and can be used in non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the particular zang/fu. They can also
be combined with the Back-shu point of the same associated zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and
strengthening treatment. REN 3 will treat the Bladder fu more than the Bladder channel directly,
although improving the condition of the Bladder will obviously help to regulate the Bladder and the
Water pathways. REN 3 is often chosen for patterns of stagnation, accumulation and excess whether
with issues to do with menstruation and the Blood or with Bladder symptoms.
Resolves Damp-Heat. Clears Heat. Cools Heat in the Blood.

Tonifies the Kidneys. Pain in the lumbar area.
Helps the placenta to separate.
Indications Helps stabilise and harmonise the qi of the lower jiao

Bladder and urinary problems, particularly acute.
Pain and burning on urination and interrupted flow from Damp-Heat in the Bladder.
To clear burning and blood in the urine with fever when there is Heat in the Bladder.
Menstrual problems, uterine masses. Cervix pain, genital itching and swelling.

Point Name REN 4 GUAN YUAN First Gate Gateway to the Origin Origin Pass
Gate to the Original Qi Hinge at the Source Cinnabar Field Great Central Pole
Energetic Nature Front-mu point of the Small Intestines

Crossing point of Spleen, Liver, Kidney and Ren mai channels
Commentary First Gate in many ways exemplifies Ren mai in the reach of its actions, and so is often used in
practice. REN 4 is a gateway to the Origin, a way to support the yin, benefit essence and to nourish
life in the depths. Cinnabar Field is one of its alternate names because it is found at the entrance to the
lower Dan Tian, as well as over the Uterus. This ‘gate’ or ‘hinge’ grants access to this deep source of
qi that can underpin and reconstitute the whole Body, Mind and Spirit. This point, and the Ren points
between here and REN 7 call on deeper reserves of qi.
REN 4 nourishes the Body, Mind and Spirit when there is emotional instability from exhaustion. It
calms the Mind through nourishing Blood and yin. It tonifies the qi of the lower jiao, thus rooting it,
and so relieves agitation, palpitations and emotional weariness.
Through this point’s connection with Blood, yin and the Liver it roots the hun. It is good for those
who suffer vague feelings of fear or anxiety at night, a feeling of floating just before falling asleep or a
lack of resolution in life. Similarly, it addresses fear and lack of Will arising from Kidney deficiency.
Tonifies the Kidney and benefits the Original qi. A powerful point that nourishes the Kidney and is
useful particularly in chronic illnesses, and for those with poor constitution. Tonifies Kidney jing,
which is involved in the processes of reproduction, birth, growth and development.
The combination of REN 4 with REN 14 is excellent for reestablishing the connection between Kidney
(jing) and Heart (shen) when this has broken down due to shock, emotional turmoil or exhaustion of
the Mind and Spirit (also see REN 6 below).
Strengthens yang qi when used with direct moxa.
Front-mu point of the Small Intestine fu. Front-mu points become spontaneously tender when their
associated organ is imbalanced, because the qi of the associated zang/fu collects at these points.
Front-mu points are yin in nature and can be used in non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the
particular zang/fu but without a direct effect on the particular meridian. They can also be combined
with the Back-shu point of the same associated zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and strengthening
treatment. As the Front-mu point of the Small Intestine, REN 4 can be used when there is pain in the
lower abdomen arising from the Small Intestine.
Nourishes Blood and yin.

Regulates the Uterus and helps regulate menstruation and the lower jiao. Can assist conception.
Indications Anxiety from yin deficiency. Depression from deficiency of essences and spirit.
Dizziness and vertigo from yin deficiency.
Wind stroke (acute) due to collapse of yang (moxa).
Infertility. Impotence.
Chronic problems or problems of old age from jing deficiency, including loss of memory, inability to
concentrate.

Point Name REN 5 SHI MEN Stone Gate Stone Door Cinnabar Field Essential Dew
Life Gate Infertility
Energetic Nature Front-mu/Alarm point of the Triple Heater
Commentary The Classics have, at various times, stated that REN 5 is forbidden to needle on women. A place
where crops cannot grow is called a stone field, and an infertile woman was called a stone woman
(Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss, 1989), and needling this point has been said to cause temporary infertility.
On the other hand it is a gate, where qi can stagnate and become blocked and it has been very
successfully used, often with REN 4, where there is great depletion and when the role of the Triple
Heater in transforming and eliminating liquids needs support. It is perhaps indicative of the pivotal
nature of this area of the Dan Tian (from REN 4-7), that this warning was given at REN 5, the
Crossing point of the Triple Heater which regulates the Three Jiao, as well as diffusing its influence
throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit. One would not want to disrupt the balance between the Three
Jiao, between yin and yang, or disperse the Original qi carelessly. Use when there is a lack of qi,
vitality, warmth, and when there is weakness or fatigue. Moxa used here can stimulate and nourish a
cold lower jiao. Good for revitalising and stabilising the Three Heater.
This is the Front-mu point for the Triple Heater. It is the third front-mu point on Ren mai, and the
first of the three associated with Three Heater. Even though Three Heater doesn’t have an
associated fu, REN 5 is front-mu point for the Three Heater. REN 12 and 17, where Three Heater
crosses with Ren mai, are described as the front-mu points for the middle and upper jiao, their
being tender indicating some imbalance in the regulatory effect of Three Heater, while REN 5 is
used to directly affect the Three Heater. Front-mu points become spontaneously tender when their
associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this spontaneous reaction some consider them mostly
for acute situations, but mu means to “collect, raise, enlist” (Maciocia 1989) and the qi of the
associated zang/fu collects at these points. Front-mu points are yin in nature and can be used in
non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the particular zang/fu but without a direct effect on
the particular meridian. They can also be combined with the Back-shu point of the same associated
zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and strengthening treatment. Through its connection with the
Triple Heater, it can affect all the Original qi, tonifying it to circulate throughout the system. It is
used when there is Kidney deficiency.
Tonifies the Kidneys. Tonifies Original qi.
Regulates menstruation, the Uterus and the lower jiao. Warms yang and Cold deficiency in the
lower jiao.
Activates the Triple Heater in its role of the transformation and excretion of fluids in the Lower
Burner. Opens the Water Passages.
Indications Weak constitution from Kidney deficiency.

Issues involving the fluids and water passages of the Lower Burner, oedema, urinary retention.
Pain and masses in the lower abdomen, pain in the genitals.

Point Name REN 6 QI HAI Sea of Qi
Energetic Nature
Commentary Qi Hai is closely connected to the lower Dan Tian, a major energy centre of the body that serves as a
reservoir of qi for the whole system. It is the place from which qi emerges and returns. (There are
two Seas of qi on Ren mai, here and at REN 17 Tan Zhong. REN 6 is not one of the points included in
‘The Four Seas’.) As a ‘Sea’ point, it gives access to deeper reserves of qi for the whole Body, Mind
and Spirit. It is a powerful point to regenerate, stabilise and ground the lower jiao, and thereby the
whole Body, Mind and Spirit, when there is fragility, cold, or when the person finds it hard to
maintain their centre in response to the demands imposed by life.
It can be great in combination with Ren points at the level of the Heart to help the jing/shen
essence/spirit connection. When someone has exhausted their reserves at every level through
overwork, insufficient or inadequate nourishment or chronic illness and emotional turmoil, it can be
hard for them to sustain the good connection needed between the lower and upper jiao, the Kidney
and the Heart. That connection is necessary for the spirits to stay, and necessary for the person to
have sufficient stillness to be able to follow the guidance and natural rhythms of the spirits. REN 6,
Sea of Qi, and other lower jiao Ren points offer the Heart the quiet strength that encourages the spirits
to rest in the Heart and that enables the continual reconstitution of life within us.
Tonifies qi and yang and is therefore often used in long term depletion, when the enlivening and
rejuvenating aspect of qi and yang can help lift inertia of the Mind and Spirit from deficiency or
stagnation of qi. It is used more to promote qi than to nourish the Blood. Use when everything is an
effort and there is a lack of will.
Moxa can bring vitality to a cold or fatigued Spirit as much as to a cold lower jiao.
Regulates qi and moves stagnant qi.
Promotes Original qi. Tonifies the Blood. Moves qi.
Tonifies the Kidneys. Regulates the Ren vessel and menstruation.
Regulates the Lower jiao.

Transforms Damp by tonifying qi and moving stagnant fluids. Affects the intestines (because of its
effect on Damp and fluids).
Use in combination with REN 12/ST 25 to “rescue” the qi in case of overtreatment or needle
shock (use very large moxa cones, no needling)
Indications Lack of vitality, weakness, low spirits.

Cold lower jiao, infertility where there is cold in this area from deficient Original qi or deficient
Kidney yang.
Chilliness, loose stools, profuse urination (use moxa).
Irregular menstruation, pain in lower jiao from stagnation of qi or Blood (often used with GB 34).
Oedema of lower jiao from accumulation of Cold/Damp.

Point Name REN 7 YIN JIAO Yin Crossing Yin Junction Yin Intersection Cinnabar Field
Horizontal Door Small Pass
Energetic Nature Crossing point for Three Heater, Heart Protector, Kidney, Ren and Chong channels
Alarm point for Three Heater in the lower jiao
Commentary Being a major Crossing point, Yin Jiao is a place of exchange and mingling which nourishes the qi of
the lower jiao. Situated at this level, associated with the Origin within us, through the crossing of
Chong and Ren mai, as well as Heart Protector, Kidney and Three Heater it particularly affects yin and
Blood, and it also facilitates exchanges and regulates between yin and yang. It is a good point for
harmonising the different levels of a person. As the Front-mu point for the Three Heater in the lower
jiao (see Ren 5), Yin Jiao emphasises the Three Heater’s role of staying connected to our Origin, our
source while activating and regulating throughout the Body/Mind/Spirit.
The connections with the Blood and Triple Burner and Heart Protector reinforce communication with
the Heart and shen. The Heart is where the expression of truth and compassion begin and this
connection together with the Ren mai which nurtures our life, helps reinforce the jing/shen connection
that is vital for our well being. As the name Yin Crossing suggests, it brings the richness and deep
succor of yin and Blood in which to rest, root and steady the Mind and Spirit.
The Crossing with Chong mai with its rhythmic surging power, and its location near the Uterus
indicate REN 7’s usefulness in re-establishing a regular pattern of menstruation, as well as for painful
periods, pain in the genitals and lower jiao, as well as problems conceiving.
Nourishes yin. Nourishes Blood. Tonifies the Kidney.

Regulates the Uterus, menstruation and the lower jiao.
Clears Heat from yin deficiency. Resolves Damp and Phlegm.
Indications Depression from a cold lower jiao, inability to nurture love and express it.
Useful for menstrual problems because of its connection with Blood, yin and the Uterus.
Used also for infertility. Menopausal symptoms where Blood and yin need nourishing.
Point Name REN 8 SHEN QUE Spirit Deficiency Spirit Gate Mind Palace Life Stem
Qi Abode Spirit’s Palace
Energetic Nature [Forbidden to needle. Use indirect moxibustion only].
Commentary The Spirit enters and leaves through a gap or gate, the Spirit Gate. The navel is where the Supreme
Unity abides. The Daoists saw the navel as where the qi of post heavenly qi resides. This is also the
place where the life force enters the embryo. It is the where the umbilical cord is cut, marking the
start of our independent physical life and where our connection to the spirits and our destiny can
continue to be nourished, until the spirit leaves at death. Any gate in working order allows ingress and
egress. Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) explain one meaning of the name Que, as ‘the symbol for an
empty space (gap) that serves as a gate’, or a watchtower either side of a palace gate, this is Shen Que,
Spirit Gate.
Moxa on salt or ginger burnt here warms and restores the Spirit. REN 8 rescues Yang in acute Wind-
Stroke and equally when the Spirit is eroded at a deep level, or the person feels insubstantial and
without resources or purpose, this ‘empty space’ can be the point of choice to allow the deep reach of
moxa warmth sustain and rededicate them to life.
Moxa at REN 8 nourishes qi and Blood and promotes yang. Tonifies yang and is said to ‘rescue’ yang.
Strengthens the Spleen (links with its role in ante-natal nourishment) and can counteract Dampness.
Said to be useful in cases of acute dysentery. Tonifies the Kidney.
Indications Chronic illness and weakness. Feeling insubstantial in Body, Mind or Spirit.
Cold in the system, particularly lower and middle jiao, and at the extremities. Diarrhoea, Rectal
prolapse, from Spleen yang deficiency where there is cold and inability to raise the qi.
Acute Wind-stroke where there is collapse of yang.

Point Name REN 9 SHUI FEN Water Division Water Divide Water Separation
Divided Waters Central Guard
Energetic Nature Controls the Water Passages

Promotes the Transformation of Fluids
Commentary REN 9 promotes the transformation, transporting and excretion of all fluids. It is a good point to help
regulate when any fluid (Damp or Phlegm or any secretions) is excessive or deficient. As the
alternative name Water Separation indicates, the position of this point over the region of the lower
opening of the Small Intestine, connects with the function of Small Intestine to separate pure from
impure and fluids from solid matter. It helps resolve issues of accumulation or stagnation of fluids:
swelling, retention, or excessive excretion- constantly tearing eyes, excessive perspiration. This point
helps not only the functioning of the Small Intestine but also supports the role of the Stomach, Spleen
and Kidneys and their contribution to the regulation of fluids, particularly in the lower jiao.
Can assist the Mind and Spirit to help ease the process of transition from one state or thought to the
next. Just as a hard abdomen or pain can arise when Small Intestine is out of balance leading to
stagnation, so the Mind and Spirit may require lubrication to promote easy separation and assimilation
and free circulation of thoughts.
Regulate Small Intestine, Stomach and Spleen.
Resolves Damp and Phlegm by tonifying the Kidneys and Spleen.
Regulates the Water pathways.
Indications Excessive or deficient perspiration, urination. Dry eyes / Excessive tearing of the eyes.
Oedema in the lower extremities. Retention of urine. Dysentery, diarrhoea.
Abdominal pain, swelling, cold; abdominal oedema, Lower back pain.
Point Name REN 10 XIA WAN Lower Duct Lower Epigastrium Lower Stomach Cavity
Dark Gate Lower Venter
Energetic Nature Crossing point with Spleen meridian
Commentary Lower Duct is a Crossing point with the Spleen meridian but is classically recommended for problems
of digestion arising directly from the Stomach. The Stomach has an important role in the production
of posterior heaven essence, which contributes to the maintenance of our vitality. The Crossing of
REN 10, situated at the Lower duct of the Stomach, with the Spleen meridian, reinforces the
relationship of these officials involved in the ongoing reconstitution of life.
Used when the person can’t process thoroughly at the physical level, or at the Mind/Spirit level of ideas and thought
processes when the person can’t assimilate information and experiences. Use when the rotting and
ripening of information and the transportation of qi and fluids, whether nutritious or waste, is not
happening as it should causing the body to become weary, the limbs weak, our thinking stodgy or
incontinent, just as oedema and Phlegm block the free transportation of qi at the physical level. This
point links the stomach and intestines and moves food from the one to the other. All aspects of
digestion can be supported here.
REN 10, 12 and 13 all have a strong connection with the Stomach. Each point connects with a
particular part of the Stomach fu. REN 10 acts on the lower part of the stomach cavity above which
this point is situated. The stomach bowel or ‘venter’ is divided into three parts, REN 13 controls the
upper part (fundus) which affects the oesophagus and instances of hiccoughs, nausea and belching,
REN 12 affects the stomach digestion itself, affecting the middle part or ‘body’, and REN 10 affects
the lower border of the stomach (pylorus) assisting the descending of Stomach qi and the unobstructed
passage of food down the pylorus and duodenum.
Links and harmonises lower and middle jiao by way of Ren mai.
Regulates and tonifies Stomach and Spleen qi. Encourages the descending of Stomach qi.
Transforms Damp. Clears digestive stagnation.
Indications Retention of food in the stomach, fullness after eating and abdominal distention.
Diarrhoea with distention, bad breath. Vomiting, anorexia, indigestion.

Point Name REN 11 JIAN LI Established Mile Interior Strengthening Building Mile
Energetic Nature
Commentary Although not as directly linked to the Stomach as REN 10, 12, and 13, Established Mile continues the
theme of promoting good functioning and circulation within the middle jiao, and acts on the digestive
organs of Stomach, Spleen and Small Intestine indirectly to support the Nutritive qi.
It helps renew and ‘Strengthen the Interior’ of Body, Mind or Spirit. ‘Mile’ brings to mind ST 36, Leg
Three Miles, another greatly nourishing and strengthening point. ‘Established’ conveys the grounded
stability of Earth in its natural place, the centre. Strengthens the middle jiao.
Regulates and strengthens the Spleen and Stomach, promoting the rotting and ripening function of
Stomach.
Regulates the nutritive Qi. Redirects rebellious Stomach qi downwards. Relieves Heart pain.
Transforms Damp and Damp-Heat.
Indications Fullness, nausea and epigastric pain from incomplete digestion and/or rebellious stomach qi.

Point Name REN 12 ZHONG WAN Middle Duct Supreme Granary
Energetic Nature Front-mu/Alarm point of the Stomach and Middle jiao

Influential/Gathering point of the yang organs (fu)
Crossing point of Small Intestine, Triple Burner and Stomach with Ren mai
Commentary REN 12 is a Gathering point where all the yang officials (fu) can be influenced, a central point in
the middle jiao, which provides a place of exchange, communication and regulation between the
influxes of heaven, earth and the person. The Spleen and Stomach have an important role in the
production of posterior heaven essence, which contributes to the maintenance of our vitality. The
Crossing of REN 12, with Small Intestine, Three Heater, Stomach and Ren mai all contribute to the
ongoing reconstitution of life.
REN 10, 12 and 13 (See REN 10) all have a strong connection with a particular part of the Stomach
fu. REN 12 affects the stomach digestion itself, affecting the middle part or ‘body’. As the
‘Supreme Granary’, it is a sustaining point to turn to when reserves are low, when the Earth
element needs balancing and regulating, and for almost all symptoms arising from Stomach
disharmony, such as tiredness, depletion, loss of appetite, cold middle jiao. It regulates the
descending of Stomach qi. Use for all associated Earth symptoms of processing and distribution:
abdominal distention, reflux, heart pain.
Excessive worry, fretfulness, over-concern, and all the possible associated abdominal symptoms of
stomach pain, loss or excessive appetite, distention and indigestion, may be eased by the security
of this point, which receives the influences of heaven and earth. REN 12, Middle Duct, can ease
the Mind and Spirit when frayed by overthinking, when thoughts and feelings churn around and
cause mental indigestion and fail to be transformed. It strengthens purposeful thinking and
memory. This granary can help replenish someone who feels they have no bounty or reserves in
their life, who feels insecure and self-preoccupied. Supreme Granary can encourage a more
positive response from the Earth officials if they have been lagging behind in treatment. It can
work well with ST 36 and SP 8 to tonify and support the Earth element.
Middle Duct is the front-mu point for the Stomach and middle jiao. Front-mu points become
spontaneously tender when their associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this spontaneous
reaction some consider them mostly for acute situations, but mu means to “collect, raise, enlist”
(Maciocia 1989) and the qi of the associated zang/fu collects at these points. Front-mu points are
yin in nature and can be used in non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the particular
zang/fu but without a direct effect on the particular meridian. They can also be combined with the
Back-shu point of the same associated zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and strengthening
treatment. It can be used for many Stomach indications to do with rotting and ripening and
descending the qi.
Stomach and Spleen officials work so closely together, more so than any other Officials, and REN
12 tonifies both. REN 12 is a useful point to support and bolster the Spleen with its responsibilities
of transforming and transporting and accounts for its indication for clearing Damp: diarrhoea,
undigested food, heaviness of the limbs, or when someone feels unable to raise themselves or their
spirit.
Very good with moxa for deficient and cold symptoms of the Stomach and Spleen.
As One of the Nine needles for returning Yang, REN 12 can restore consciousness after collapse of
yang.
Tonifies Stomach and Spleen. Regulates Stomach qi, subdues rebellious qi. Resolves Damp by its
action of tonifying the Spleen.
Indications Chronic worry, insecurity.

Lack of appetite, tiredness, dull epigastric pain relieved by eating due to deficient Stomach and
Spleen qi.
Abdominal distention, heavy feeling in head, poor memory and mental dullness. .
Loose stools, Cold and Damp in middle jiao.

Point Name REN 13 SHANG WAN Upper Duct Upper Regulator
Energetic Nature Crossing of Ren, Small Intestine and Stomach Channels
Commentary This point can help if someone cannot process or separate what nourishes then from what does not;
their digestion is rebellious or their thinking is a muddle and repetitious. When the Mind and Spirit
and Body feel bloated and nauseous, and the person is off their food and ‘off’ their life – they can’t
‘stomach’ or ‘cope with’ anything and cannot be enticed whether by food or mental distraction, then
REN 13 can smooth and motivate to start better processing.
REN 13 lies at upper part of the stomach, (see REN 10) the fundus, which affects the oesophagus and
is indicated for rebellious stomach qi: reflux, hiccoughs, belching, and for stagnation, where there is
distention and pain particularly affecting the upper part of the stomach.
REN 13 is a Crossing point of Ren mai, Small Intestine and Stomach. Ren mai is in charge of
controlling the Blood (Larre & Rochat 1989) and the connection of the Small Intestines with the Heart
together with the trajectory of Ren mai from here explains why REN 13 has been indicated for Heart
pain, heat in the Heart and agitation. More usually, its focus in treatment is concerned with the upper
part of the middle jiao and it is useful in acute situations.
Subdues rebellious Stomach qi.
Indications Excessive worry, anxiety.

Acute excess conditions of the stomach. Rebellious Stomach qi, nausea, belching, hiccup, vomiting,
fullness in upper epigastrium. Hiatus hernia.
Spasms of the lower oesophagus (local use).

Point Name REN 14 JU QUE Great Deficiency Great Palace Great Palace Gate
Great Tower Gate
Energetic Nature Front-mu/Alarm point of the Heart
Commentary REN 14 is a wonderfully calming point. Found on the border between the Middle and Upper jiao, the
territory is becoming that of the Heart and Lungs. The focus becomes more to do with the shen and
less with the digestion, although REN 14 can be used to subdue rebellious Stomach qi, especially
when arising from emotional issues (Maciocia 1989). (Compare with REN 13).
The alternative name, Great Tower Gate, implies the idea of a watchtower from where to protect the
interests of the Heart. Great Deficiency is helpful when the Heart is exhausted or has been wobbled,
and the patient lacks shen and a sense of inner joy. If the person has little confidence, or they are too
open to external and emotional stimuli, this oversensitivity can lead to depletion of the Heart and the
Heart may no longer feel a peaceful place for the Spirits to live. Great Deficiency reasserts the
sovereignty of the Heart.
As ‘gate’ in the alternative names Great Tower Gate and Great Palace Gate suggests this point can
help regulate and support the Heart in a direct but orderly way, as is appropriate for an approach to the
Supreme Controller. Ren mai controls the Blood and the yin and so must have a relationship with the
Heart (Larre & Rochat 1997) because the “Heart is the place where Blood becomes Blood”. This
connection with the yin and the Blood makes this an excellent point to use if the tranquility of the
Heart has been disturbed and it overreacts to situations. Great Deficiency can steady and calm the
Heart so it can once again receive the influence of the Spirits and help direct one’s life.
Ju Que is the Front-mu point of the Heart. Front-mu points become spontaneously tender when their
associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this spontaneous reaction some consider them mostly for
acute situations, but mu means to “collect, raise, enlist” (Maciocia 1989) and the qi of the associated
zang/fu collects and concentrates at these points. Front-mu points are yin in nature and can be used in
non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the particular zang/fu but without a direct effect on the
particular meridian. They can also be combined with the Back-shu point of the same associated
zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and strengthening treatment. You might also consider HT 1 or
REN 8.
When there is vulnerability and anxiety arising from the Heart from deficiency of qi and Blood or pain
and oppression from stagnation of qi or Blood, this point can help.
Clears Heart-Fire.
Transforms Phlegm Misting the Heart, which can lead to hysteria and raving, poor mental functioning
(poor memory, inability to marshal thoughts, unclear speech).
Indications Sadness and Oppression from Heart qi deficiency.

Subdues Rebellious Stomach qi arising from physical and emotional causes. Anxiety. Palpitations.
Mental problems from Phlegm-Heat misting the Heart, hysteria, inability to rest.
For pain in the heart and chest pain.

Point Name REN 15 JIU WEI Dove Tail Spirit Mansion Turtledove Tail Tail Screen
Energetic Nature Connecting-Luo point of Ren Mai

Front-mu point for Heart Protector (with REN 17)
Source point of the 5 yin organs
Commentary The name arises from the anatomy of the chest, the sternum being said to resemble the back of a
turtledove, the ribs its feathers and the xiphoid process its tail (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
Dove Tail treats at the level of the Spirit, particularly for the Heart Protector. The role of the Heart
Protector is to screen the Heart from direct attack, but this can impact the Heart Protector itself,
leading to feeling emotionally bruised and vulnerable, wearied and fragile. The Heart Protector and
Ren mai both play a part in protecting the Heart.
REN 15 steadies and regulates the qi. Dove Tail’s connection with Ren mai and the Blood and the
circulation of the Blood and yin; its role as the Source point to the Original qi of the five yin organs
make it an hugely sustaining resource for the Heart Protector at this level. The connection with the
yin and Blood will succour the Heart Protector and ground it, imparting strength and encouraging
appropriate opening and closing when relating. If we are secure in ourselves we can be more
expansive. This nourishing aspect of the Ren mai and its association with taking responsibility
encourages the maturity of Fire. When the Heart Protector has “retired hurt” and become defensive,
then Ren mai can help it recover and realign with its consciousness and higher purpose, knowing that
it can endure and retain the sincerity and compassion appropriate to Fire and its role as the Heart’s
protector.
Benefits the Original qi through being the Source point of all the yin organs, so it nourishes yin and
this helps calm the Mind and Spirit particularly where this arises from deficiency of yin.
Regulates the Heart. Helps to clear stagnation when there are feelings of oppression and sad
resignation from stagnation of qi and Blood. Expands and relaxes the chest. Calms the Spirit.
Dove Tail is the front-mu point for the Heart Protector. Front-mu points become spontaneously tender
when their associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this spontaneous reaction some consider them
mostly for acute situations, but mu means to “collect, raise, enlist” (Maciocia 1989) and the qi of the
associated zang/fu collects and concentrates at these points. Front-mu points are yin in nature and can
be used in non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the particular zang/fu but without a direct
effect on the particular meridian. They can also be combined with the Back-shu point of the same
associated zang/fu for a particularly reinforcing and strengthening treatment.
The luo-connecting channel of Ren mai leaves the Ren channel at the inferior border of the sternum at
REN 15 and spreads over the abdomen.
Transforms Phlegm in the Heart so can be used when there is hysteria, mania, and intolerance of
noise.
Clears Heat. Benefits the diaphragm. Redirects rebellious qi downwards.
Indications Anxiety, worry, fears, obsessions arising from yin deficiency.

Feelings of oppression in the chest. Emotional vulnerability.
Abdominal itching from emptiness of the Connecting channel of Ren mai.
Pain in the abdomen from fullness of the Connecting vessel.

Point Name REN 16 ZHONG TING Middle Hall Central Palace
Energetic Nature
Commentary REN 16, Middle Hall, is found the middle of the upper Dan Tian. Here the sternum and rib cage are
like a palace to protect the Heart, the Emperor zang. REN 16 affects the Heart and is good for
nourishing the yin of the Heart. It restores the tranquility the Heart needs to provide a residence for
the shen. If someone is exhausted and agitated from emotional interaction, if there is emotional
flatness from which the person feels unable to raise themselves, if the Heart Protector has been unable
to fully shield the Heart and the Heart needs to recover after emotional turmoil and deep lack of joy,
REN 16 can be restorative and calming.
The name Central Palace gives the sense of the preciousness and dignity of the area you are
approaching. The Heart is central to our life because it commands the zang/fu and is the home of the
Spirits. If the Spirits are disturbed and leave we have no means of fulfilling our potential and destiny.
Treat with respect. The refinement of this point’s intention suggests more general balancing of the qi
is attempted before using Middle Hall.
A Daoist text, Canon of the Yellow Court, names the central cinnabar field as the Central Palace.
“The three fields are the Upper or Celestial field, the central or heart field and the lower or cinnabar
field.” REN 16 is in the region of the central cinnabar field and hence its alternative name as Central
Palace (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
Descends Rebellious qi.
Indications Supports the shen.

Anxiety from Heart yin deficiency.
Heart qi deficiency.
Heart yin deficiency.
Frees the chest. Oesophageal constriction

Point Name REN 17 TAN ZHONG Within the Breast Central Altar Centre of the Chest
Upper Sea of Qi The Source Original Child
Energetic Nature Front-mu /Alarm point of Heart Protector (with REN 15)
Front-mu /Alarm point of the Upper jiao
Influential point of Qi
Sea of Qi point
Crossing point of Spleen, Kidney, Small Intestine, Triple Burner and Ren channels
Commentary Central Altar is the residence of the shen and the Heart. The Ling Shu calls this area of the body the
“palace of the Heart Governor”; a protected place (partly through the energetic geography of being
‘Within the Breast’), which enables appropriate dissemination of the intent of the Supreme Controller,
both within the realm of the Body, Mind and Spirit, and in communication with others.
Tan Zhong connects directly with the Heart and Lungs, an Influential/Gathering point of qi and a point
of the Sea of Qi. It enlivens and tonifies the Heart and Lungs and promotes the good circulation of qi.
When the person is exhausted and feels their reserves have run out ,and they can no longer connect
with the heavens, REN 17 can nourish the Heart and balance the qi. Laboured breathing, or cough
when there is stagnation of Lung qi, or a failure by the Lung to descend the qi, or oppression from
stagnation of Heart or Lung qi can be influenced here.
With REN 17 being a point to promote the circulation of qi and Blood, and the multiple crossings and
connections with various Officials, it is a powerful point. Here the Heart receives the spirits and the
influxes of Heaven, and the directing of our life can unfold from here as the Officials carry out the
communications of the Heart. This point assists the truth of the Heart to be conveyed and the
authentic development of the person to arise. It can restore the radiance and power of the shen.
Along with Dove Tail (REN 15), Tan Zhong is the front-mu point for the Heart Protector, and also for
the upper jiao. The importance of protecting the Heart so it can fulfill its role as Supreme Controller
undisturbed is primary among the roles of the Heart-Protector. Front-mu points become
spontaneously tender when their associated organ is imbalanced. Because of this spontaneous
reaction some consider them mostly for acute situations, but mu means to “collect, raise, enlist”
(Maciocia 1989) and the qi of the associated zang/fu collects and concentrates at these points. Front-
mu points are yin in nature and can be used in non-acute situations to nourish and strengthen the
particular zang/fu but without a direct effect on the particular meridian.
As a Sea of Qi point (Ling Shu 33) along with ST 9, BL 10 (or sometimes DU 15, DU 14,) REN 17
can be used to regulate qi. The text says that if this Sea is replete there may be “fullness in the chest
or abdomen, congestion, and a florid complexion. If deficient there will be ‘weakness and loss of
voice’. This combination is only called upon in chronic situations, when the deep regulation and
reserves that a ‘Sea’ can offer is necessary.
Tonifies the qi of the Chest.

Regulates the Upper jiao and Lung qi, diffuses and descends Lung qi.
Disperses stagnation of qi in the chest (Heart and Lungs).
Redirects rebellious qi downward.
Expands and relaxes the chest. Warms yang. Clears Phlegm.
Indications Despondency, sadness, feeling disconnected from inspiration.

Cold upper jiao. Laboured breathing or weak voice from qi deficiency.
Stifled feeling or tightness around the chest or depression from stagnation of qi in the chest.
Often moxa-ed and not needled. N.B. Needle with caution; use oblique shallow insertion.
Promotes and facilitates lactation.
Local point for acute mastitis, breast abscesses and diaphragm pain from Blood and qi deficiency.
Helps chronic cough by making Lung qi descend and/or clearing Phlegm.

Point Name REN 18 YU TANG Jade Court Jade Hall Jade’s Beauty
Energetic Nature
Commentary REN 16 Central Palace and REN 17 Central Altar lie below, and REN 19 Purple Palace above, the
energetic landscape and titles of the points around REN 18, leave one in no doubt as to its importance
and connection with the shen. The Heart, as sovereign, resides within the Jade Hall. Middle Hall,
Within the Breast, Jade Court and Purple Palace are all residences suitable for the Heart. They all
offer shelter, protection and nourishment to the Heart.
Some Daoist texts refer to the Lung as the ‘Jade Hall’, and this point is situated on the sternum just
above the Lung. Jade is one of the most treasured substances. A point to strongly reconnect with all
the highest resonances of spirit and to inspire one’s higher purpose. KID 24 is found at the same level,
another expression of the shen and its impact on life.
Tonifies the qi of the Chest. Expands and relaxes the chest.
Indications Nourishes the Heart. Chest and sternum pain.

Use for difficulty breathing when the chest is tight.
Point Name REN 19 ZI GONG Purple Palace
Energetic Nature
Commentary As the points on Ren mai ascend towards the upper part of the upper jiao, the names reflect both the
progression towards the Heavenly aspect of this upper burner and the importance of these points to the
particular officials they connect with.
Purple Palace is the abode of the Heart, the Supreme Controller amongst the officials. Purple is the
alternative imperial colour to yellow for the Chinese. Purple was worn by emperors. The role of the
Heart is to be to be the space where the spirits can dwell and thus allow the purpose of life to unfold
through the other officials. The Heart commands the Blood and purple can be associated with the
colour of Blood.
The Lung, as the Receiver of Qi, is affected by this point, as is the close relationship between Heart
and Lungs. The Receiver of Qi promulgates the commands of the Heart and qi, Blood and the mai are
all inspired and energised by the relationship of the Heart and Lung in the upper jiao.
Expands and loosens the chest. If the chest is constricted, neither the Heart nor Lung will reach their
natural potential and may lose their instinctual rhythms causing chaos and anxiety within the Body,
Mind and Spirit, and fail to fulfill their roles. REN 19 reconnects the person with the Heavens,
enables them to access Heaven within themselves, and encourages the correct relationship between the
Supreme Controller and the minister, the Receiver of Qi.
Disinhibits the throat.

Rectifies Rebellious qi of the chest.
Indications Oppression and longing for contact with the higher self.
Cough. Tight chest.

Point Name REN 20 HUA GUI Flower Covering Florid Canopy
Energetic Nature
Commentary REN 20 lies at the uppermost portion of the Lung. Daoist texts refer to the Lung as the florid canopy
or parasol, partly due to the positioning of the Lung in relation to the other organs. Su Wen: “the Lung
is the canopy of the Five zang and six bowels” and the Lung is also described as the roof of the Heart.
This point can be used for many Lung afflictions. Flower Covering can bring good regulation, a sense
of protection and security because of its connection with the Lung. Without this there can be a feeling
of oppression, heavy-heartedness, feeling blocked from one’s true self and the natural flourishing of
the expression of the Heart.
Expands and relaxes the chest.

Disinhibits the diaphragm.
Clears the Lungs. Stops cough.
Indications Feelings of oppression.

Difficulty breathing, wheezing, asthma.
Speech inhibited by shortness of breath.
Point Name REN 21 XUAN JI Pearl Jade Jade Pivot Shimmering Pearl Turning Pivot
Energetic Nature
Commentary Jade Pivot refers to an ancient astronomy instrument, which turned on a pivot, much as the head
relates to the neck, clavicle and sternum and starts to turn from here (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss 1989).
Jade refers to what is precious, the head is the Heavenly aspect of the body, home of the senses which
communicate with and express the responses of the Heart. ‘When our Hearts are well regulated, our
senses are well regulated too’ (Larre & Rochat 1991). Shimmering Pearl is a point where something
precious turns and influences are distributed.
It is a local point for wind, congestion, anything which might block the neck and hinder ingestion,
swallowing or communication. Descends the qi. Disinhibits the diaphragm. Coughs and wheezing.
Deadman, Al-Khafaji and Baker (1998) mention Jade Pivot in combination with ST 36 for treating
accumulations of food in the stomach.
Indications Cough. Swollen pharynx.

Difficulty swallowing fluids.
Pulmonary congestion.

Point Name REN 22 TIAN TU Heaven Rushing Out Celestial Chimney
Heaven’s Chimney Jade Door Celestial Alarm Heaven Projection

Crossing point of Yin Wei mai/ Yin Linking Vessels and Ren Mai
Commentary The windpipe is like the chimney for the upper jiao. This point lies at the bottom of the chimney but
movement needs to occur in both directions. The neck is a bridge to Heaven, you are entering
transitional territory with this point. With the in-breath, Heavenly qi passes this point and when this
point is needled qi rushes forth. When a person feels disconnected from their head/Heaven, physically
or at the level of the Spirit, they can appear remote and stultified, oppressed, all senses dulled.
Without the free flow and animation of Heavenly influxes reaching the Upper Dan Tian and the home
of the Heart, the individual may find no authentic communication within themselves or with others.
This point allows the free communication of Spirit and qi, helping bring refreshment to the Spirit and
a new perspective on life. It clears blockages and refreshes the senses. It allows the passage of all the
Blood and liquids that travel in the throat.
As well as needling Celestial Chimney to revitalize the senses and spirit, it can also be used when
someone’s ‘Windows’ seem stuck open and who are lost in their own ungrounded perceptions.
The Lung rules the throat and the strength of the voice, the Heart governs speech and the tongue.
Ren mai crosses here with the Yin wei mai. Ren mai controls the yin, and Yin wei mai preserves and
maintains it. Yin Wei mai meets with Ren mai at REN 22 and 23 and passes to the top of the head.
When Yin wei mai is disordered there may be pain in the heart, loss of will and depression. Ren mai
and Yin wei mai nourish the Heart by restoring the yin essence and Blood needed to stabilise the Heart,
so its proper relationship with the Spirits, its communication and command of the zang/fu can be
resumed.
Regulates the Lung. Strongly promotes the descending and diffusing of Lung qi, moves stagnation of
qi. Transforms Phlegm and promotes the expulsion of Phlegm. Clears Lung Heat and moistens the
throat. Restores the voice.
Indications Helps refresh the senses and bring a new outlook on life. Depression with inability to express feelings.
Congestion of Lungs with Phlegm. Swelling of back of throat and shoulder pain. Soothes asthma,
both chronic and acute. Wheezing. Acute invasion of Wind-Heat in the Lungs with a sore throat.
Inability to speak.
Point Name REN 23 LIAN QUAN Angle Spring Corner Spring Ridge Spring Pure Spring
Tongue Root Root Pool
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Yin Wei mai and Ren Mai
Commentary Angle Spring refers to the area just above the hyoid bone. Fluid is described as springing forth or
pooling here. Use for all issues involving fluids and the mouth, throat and tongue, too much or too
little salivation, difficulty swallowing and ulcers and nodules in the throat.
As stated in REN 22: Ren mai crosses here with the Yin wei mai, Ren mai controls the yin and Yin wei
mai preserves and maintains it. Yin Wei mai meets with Ren mai at REN 22 and 23 and passes to the
top of the head. When Yin wei mai is disordered there may be pain in the Heart, loss of Will and
depression. Ren mai and Yin wei mai nourish the Heart by restoring the yin essence and Blood needed
to stabilise the Heart, so its proper relationship with the Spirits, its communication and command of
the zang/fu can be resumed.
Maciocia (1989) suggests REN 23 as a local point for throat nodules and in conjunction with HT 5 for
speech difficulties and aphasia.
Moistens the throat. Benefits the tongue and speech.
Clears Fire. Transforms Phlegm. Generates Fluids. Dispels interior Wind.
Indications Problems with speech especially after Windstroke (aphasia, slurred speech), tongue, vocal cords and
larynx. Hyper/hyposalivation.

Point Name REN 24 CHENG JIANG Receiving Fluid Sauce Receptacle Saliva Receiver
Celestial Pool Ghost Market
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Large Intestine and Stomach meridians, Ren and Du mai
Exit point on Ren mai
Commentary This is the last point on Ren mai, but the pathway flows on to merge with Du mai on the face, so Ren
and Du mai start together in the depths, take different routes from REN 1 and join together again here
at a different level. They make a circuit, which, at a deep and fundamental level, regulates yin and
yang within the Body, Mind and Spirit and helps direct the life of the individual from the level of their
origin, through the maintenance and responsibility of their life, to the level of expression of the spirits.
The constant interplay between the nourishing yin/Blood and the Spirits is the expression of life.
So many references to fluids, sauce, saliva, and pool, in the alternative names, resonate with its
quenching and revitalising of the Body, Mind and Spirit. REN 24 encourages fluidity of Body, Mind
and Spirit. When the person’s spirit feels wrung out, totally jaded, when agitation and anxiety are
rampant and the natural patterning of yin/yang cycles within the Body have gone awry, Receiving
Fluid can soothe and regulate. Use when the Spirit is parched and wanting to be deeply refreshed as
well as needing security and order.
REN 24 is one of the 13 Ghost points, as suggested by Sun Si-Miao. Yang Ming (Stomach and Large
Intestine) which crosses here with Ren and Du mai, is prone to disharmonies to do with Heat in the
Blood and Phlegm, which can give rise to mania and severe disturbances of the shen. REN 24 can be
used to calm such situations. Yang Ming being rich in Blood and qi (as well as crossing here with Ren
and Du mai, with all their regulation of yin and yang, qi and Blood), also provides a rich contribution
to the environment necessary for the Spirits to reside in the Heart. To be present and have clarity of
consciousness, there must be sufficient Blood and essences for the Heart to feel secure and peaceful.
The connection with Du mai helps it expel exterior Wind.

Local point for Wind invasion of the face and mouth causing facial paralysis.
Local point for neck pain.
As a Crossing point with Yang-Ming, Stomach and Large Intestine, which aside from being rich in qi
and Blood, has a major role to play in affecting the face, it is frequently used in Bell’s Palsy, facial
paralysis from deficiency or pathogenic attack.
Receiving Fluid plays a part in regulating the fluids in the mouth and which pass through the throat —
appropriate for hypo/hypersalivation, dry mouth and extreme thirst.
Being the last point on Ren mai it will affect the opposite end of the vessel, its applications are a
reminder of some of the preoccupations of Ren mai in the lower and middle jiao with yin
accumulations, and masses, where there has been an over-concentration of yin leading to stagnation.
Indications Fear and anxiety.

Facial paralysis. Facial pain. Lockjaw.
Hyper/hyposalivation
Masses in the lower jiao

The Du Mai
Point Name DU 1 CHANG QIANG Long Strength Long and Strong Lasting Strength
Stairway to Heaven Tail Kingfisher Bone Tortoise Tail Dragon Tiger
Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting point of Du mai to Ren mai
Crossing point of Kidney, Gallbladder and Du mai
Commentary Du mai is called the Sea of Yang. It oversees, organises and directs the yang and all the
expressions and circulations of yang in the Body, Mind and Spirit. In health, like the spine, Du
mai is a strong directing influence for our life. It grants our ability to be upright in the world and to
operate with power, and consciousness, to have strength and conviction, like the spine, but also to
take a balanced view, (Du mai runs through the centre of the back) and to be appropriately flexible.
Rigidity, whether physical or mental, constricts the natural ascending reach of Du mai.
Du mai arises in the depths of the lower jiao, differentiates itself from Ren mai and ascends to the
head. It begins in a yin place and carries its yang power of movement, clarity and connection with
spirit, to the brain, another yin mass, this time in a heavenly aspect of the body. Being the first
point on the Du mai, this point represents something of the essential quality of Du mai. Du mai
administers and guards the yang within us, and the first point on Du mai is called Long Strength.
As the name implies it affects, tonifies and imparts strength to the whole spinal column, the
‘stairway to heaven’, as well as to Du mai itself. Du mai leads the yang of the Body, Mind and
Spirit and circulates the qi to all the meridians; if Du mai is weak often the whole body is weak.
DU 1 helps us maintain our uprightness and infuses the whole person with strength and pure yang.
Long Strength is the most distal point on the Du mai, it particularly affects the brain and is useful
to brighten the Mind and Spirit as well as bring calm when there is mental or physical feverishness.
If clear yang fails to penetrate the brain, there will be mental sluggishness and emotional lability.
Conversely, mania can result if there is excess yang and Phlegm blocking the transformations of
the Heart, resulting in outbursts and agitation.
DU 1 calms the spirit. It calms the spirit in the way that someone, a Governor, who assumes
control with confidence and directs and oversees a region, can allow everyone else to relax and get
on with the task before them. Du mai oversees the yang and the qi. It can help reawaken the spirit
and steady it where there is weakness, low back pain, prolapse in the lower jiao, spinal stiffness
and rigidity of Body, Mind or Spirit. When a person feels deeply distressed and overwhelmed,
particularly by interactions with others or the world, rather than an internally generated distress,
this can calm the shen by reinforcing its strength and reasserting control. If there is a sense of
defeat or withdrawal about a person, that they can easily be laid low by external influences or other
people, then DU 1 can help strengthen their spirit just as it can strengthen the spine.
Regulates Du mai. Regulates Ren mai by being the Luo- Connecting point. Du mai and Ren mai
are the Seas of Yang and Yin, the primary differentiation of yin and yang within us. The luo -
connecting point helps reestablish communication and regulation when there is disharmony at a
deep level between yin and yang, when there is inability to self govern and cope within oneself or
between oneself and the outside world. Luo-junction points all share this interior /exterior
regulating relationship, the Luo connecting points of Ren and Du mai do so at a particularly
profound level.
Strengthens the back. The strength of Du mai is said to be visible in the hardness of the bones.
(Larre & Rochat The Eight Extraordinary Meridians 1997). Good for weakness in the bottom of
the spine. If yang qi is deficient the spine and bones may be cold and wei qi will be weakened
leaving the person susceptible to invasion by external pathogenic factors. Its connection with
Gallbladder and Kidney can make it very useful in sciatica or back pain which radiates down the
legs. Du 1 can clear obstruction in these channels.
Resolves Damp-Heat, especially in the anus and is therefore useful for haemorrhoids. Local point
for haemorrhoids.
Indications Lack of ‘backbone’ in relation to the world and others.

Spinal weakness or stiffness. Lower back or sacral pain.
Instability of emotion, agitation, mania.
Haemorrhoids. Prolapse, vaginal, anal or uterine. Urinary problems.
Heavy head from yang deficiency. Headache with pain from yin deficiency

Point Name DU 2 YAO SHU Loins Correspondence Transporting Point of Lower Back
Lumbar’s Hollow Lumbar Door Back’s Resolution
Energetic Nature
Commentary DU 2 continues the influence and strength of DU 1. It strengthens the lower back and is good for
chronic sacral pain from Kidney yang deficiency, particularly when there is Cold and Damp. The
character yao not only refers to lumbar, but also to the kidneys in everyday speech and may well
have been included in the name because of this point’s ability to strengthen the functioning of the
Kidney. This influence is partly due to its location near the kidneys and ming men. Less used for
urogenital symptoms than DU 1 or 3. It is helpful for lower back problems, menstrual problems
from stagnation or qi deficiency and bladder problems.
One of the functions of Du Mai is to disperse Interior Wind; this point can be used to expel interior
Wind and so has a role to play in epilepsy, spasms and convulsions. When needling for epilepsy
needle obliquely upwards.
Indications Epilepsy, spasms

Lumbar pain.

Point Name DU 3 YAO YANG GUAN Loins Yang Border Lumbar Yang Pass
Energetic Nature
Commentary Following the journey of the yang qi up the Du mai, the qi has to flow through this pass or border
where it is controlled or funneled before approaching the Gate of Life, DU 4. The articulations of the
vertebrae can also be seen as a passage or guan from one bone to the next (Larre & and Rochat 1997).
The strength and flexibility of the spine is governed in part by the strength of the loins, and this point
can assist the unhindered movement of yang qi up the spine to the head where it will revitalise the
brain and the sense orifices through which we communicate. Ren 4 Guan Yuan, Passage to the Origin
is found at an equivalent level on Ren mai.
Tonifies the Kidney. Strengthens the lower back, frequently used locally in backache from Kidney
yang deficiency and if the ache extends to the legs. Strengthens the legs and knees when there is
weakness or inability to extend and straighten the knee, from Kidney qi deficiency and particularly
from Kidney yang deficiency.
DU 3 is situated at the same level as the Back-shu of the Large Intestine, moxa on this point
distributes yang qi and warmth through the abdomen; in this way it is a pass or passageway for yang,
and helps regulate the lower jiao.
The ‘border’ in the name refers to the position of the point at the border of yin, the lower body and
yang, the upper body. This point can play some role in regulating yin and yang in the body, and may
also be used when someone is over controlling, or conversely lacking backbone at the level of the
Mind and Spirit..
Tonifies yang.
Indications Lower back ache, spinal inflexibility, leg and knee weakness and stiffness from deficiency of Kidney
yang.
Lack or excessive control, discipline and flexibility.
Point Name DU 4 MING MEN Gate of Life Palace of Essence Vital Gate
Energetic Nature
Commentary From Loins Yang Pass the qi reaches Gate of Life. The enlivening, strengthening and brightening
yang aspects of this point can stimulate and refresh the brain and spirit. DU 4 is in the lower Dan
Tian and is a powerful reservoir of qi. It lies on a level with the Back-shu points of the Kidney and
affects Kidney jing and qi. Sharing the name Ming men with the location where the first fusion that is
a new life occurs indicates the power of this point to influence ming men and the unfolding of life
within us. As a gate to where our essence is stored, our jing, our constitution and our destiny, its
mystery and power are conveyed by the name. This point can strengthen us to live to our full capacity
and fulfill our destiny. It reignites the deep joy of the Spirit and strongly supports the Spirit where
there is depression or the person is shut down. Use when there is long-term inertia, coldness, and the
person looks lifeless and joyless and has no motivation. DU 4’s nourishing effect on Original qi
makes it a useful point when a person has a weak constitution.
Tonifies the Kidney. Its alternative name Palace of Essence and reminds one that the Du mai connects
with the Kidney as well as the brain, the Sea of Marrow, and can help with Kidney jing deficiency
symptoms, shaking, tinnitus and seminal emission. It is the most powerful point to strengthen Kidney
yang and yang qi in general in the Body, Mind and Spirit, particularly when moxa is used. It can help
with timidity, lack of courage in life, forgetfulness, poor concentration and disorientation. Given that
the nature of the point is warming, care should be exercised in using moxa. DU 4 can help regulate
excess Heat and is indicated for heat in the zang.
Warms the Gate of Vitality.
Expels Cold. Eliminates interior Cold from yang deficiency. Clears Heat.
Strengthens the lower back and knees when there is Kidney yang deficiency. Benefits Essence.
Indications Constitutional weakness of Body, Mind and Spirit from deficiency of jing.
Depression, emotional withdrawal, chronic sleepiness from deficient Kidney yang. Whole body feels
cold, especially lower jiao and back. Abundant clear urination, exhaustion, lack of vitality, frigidity,
impotence, incontinence from a lack of yang, whether from Kidneys, Spleen, or Bladder.
Infertility or menstrual pain from yang deficiency (Cold in the Uterus).

Point Name DU 5 XUAN SHU Suspended Pivot Suspended Axis
Energetic Nature
Commentary DU 5 Suspended Pivot is on a level between the lower and middle jiao, level with the Back-shu points
of the Three Heater, at a place on the spine that is pivotal for rotation. A pivot allows one more
flexibility and choice; Body, Mind and Spirit all need to be able to ‘pivot’, and this point can be useful
when the body or mind has stiffness or has forgotten that other choices are available. Suspended Pivot
is a point on the Governing Vessel, it facilitates appropriate flexibility of movement and allows one
the best expression of one’s individual life while remaining in a well-regulated, upright and
harmonious relationship with heaven. When one loses the ability to pivot, one’s range of movement
and horizons become restricted. Stiffness and pain in the lower back, unable to bend forward, spinal
compression in the lower jiao, and feeling unable to have any determining influence in one’s life can
all indicate this point. Du 5 and Du 7, Middle Pivot both act as pivots below and above Du 6, Middle
of the Spine, as such they have a relationship with each other, and can be used together for backache
or pain, especially when there is great rigidity in this area.
Activates yang. Strengthens the back.
Can affect the abdomen and lower jiao because of its location in relation to Stomach and Spleen.
Indications Inflexibility or lack of regulation within Mind and Spirit.

Back pain from Kidney qi and yang deficiency.
Abdominal distention from Spleen deficiency.
Point Name DU 6 JI ZHONG Middle of the Spine Spine Pillar Spirit Gathering
Energetic Nature
Commentary Located halfway up the spine and hence the ‘Middle of the Spine’. At the middle of the spine it
maintains the flexibility and upright strength associated with Du mai. It is on a level with the Back-
shu point of the Spleen and so, like DU 5, can be used for digestive complaints involving Spleen
deficiency or to strengthen the functioning of the Spleen at the level of Mind and Spirit when there is
excessive anxiety, overthinking or inability to progress thoughts on from a particular topic. Mental or
physical indigestion. Weak muscles and collapse leading to intense backache in this area. Good for
epilepsy, when interior Wind needs to be expelled. Can uphold the Spirit when there is dullness and
low spirits from yang deficiency.
Tonifies yang. Extinguishes interior Wind.
Moxa is not generally used on this point.
Indications Prolapse, lassitude and tiredness from Spleen deficiency.

Cold or distended abdomen, poor memory, desire to lie down, worry from Spleen deficiency.
Epilepsy from interior wind (use DU 2 first).
Point Name DU 7 ZHONG SHU Middle Pivot Central Pivot
Energetic Nature
Commentary DU 7 lies at a point of rotation on the spine. Similar in function to DU 5 Suspended Pivot and DU 6
Middle of the Spine.
Regulates the Stomach and Spleen by its position in the middle jiao so it has similar applications to
DU 6.
Benefits the back and the flexibility of Body, Mind and Spirit similarly to DU 5.
Some texts forbid moxa on DU 6 and 7. Larre & Rochat in The Eight Extraordinary Meridians
(1997) mention that before the 20th century this was considered an extra point, not a point on Du mai.
Indications Spinal stiffness, particularly for the centre of the spine with an inability to bend from here.
Abdominal and also mental ‘indigestion’ or discomfort from an inability to process.

Point Name DU 8 JIN SUO Contracted Muscle Tendon Spasm Sinew Contraction
Energetic Nature
Commentary Du 8 is situated in the region of the Back-shu of the Liver. Tendon Spasm and Sinew Contraction
might be more accurate names as it is these that attach and move flesh/bone to bone, and the Liver
governs the sinews. This point relates to the Body, Mind and Spirit functions of Du mai and the Liver.
Du mai, through the qi and its effects, facilitates governance by the Liver of the muscular forces.
Contracted Muscle, as the name suggests, can bring relief to pain and spasm to the musculature in this
region of the back and chest. The same relief can be experienced at the level of the Mind and Spirit:
when there is relaxation and broader horizons after the tension involved in a tendon in spasm or a
restricted viewpoint. Life can be conducted from a new perspective while remaining connected to its
higher purpose assisted by Du mai. Good for rigidity, mental and emotional, stiffness of the spine and
neck, headaches from muscular tension. Conversely, if someone is flaccid and unfocused in their life,
this point can help strengthen and promote a good upright yang impulse to the qi.
This point addresses issues relating to Wind, and Liver qi stagnation: irritability, stagnation, inability
to move forward in life, feeling thwarted, abdominal distention and digestive disorders, rib pain and
heart spasm, upward staring eyes, headaches and depression.
Eliminates Interior Wind and so is good for convulsions, tremors, epilepsy. Incessant walking and
talking.
Relaxes the Sinews.
Indications Back or abdominal spasms or hypertonicity from interior Wind or stagnation of qi.
Tremors and epilepsy from interior Wind. Depression and pain from stagnation of qi.
Point Name DU 9 ZHI YANG Utmost Yang Reaching Yang Supreme Yang
Extremity of Yang Bottom of the Lung
Energetic Nature
Commentary Utmost Yang is located on Du mai, the vessel that guides the yang of the body; DU 9 is the most yang
point on the upper back (the yang aspect of the body), below the seventh thoracic vertebrae, a yang
number. Du mai is concerned with the ascension of the yang and, once through the diaphragm, at this
point, the area of clear yang has been entered. For these reasons, its location suggests its name as the
Extremity or Utmost Yang. This quintessentially yang point amplifies the qualities of Du Mai, and
can be needled to resurrect yang qi in someone’s life, to bring strength and clarity to Body, Mind and
Spirit.
Level with BL 17, and situated above the Back-shu point of the Liver, this point helps move and
regulate the flow of qi between the upper and middle jiao. Hence its regulatory effect on the Liver
and Gallbladder, as well as its tonifying effect on the Spleen. The location of DU 9, between the
middle and upper jiao, and its effect on the chest, account for its alternative name, Bottom of the Lung.
It is especially indicated for its ability to open the chest. Thus, it affects breathing, relieves pain and
resolves stagnation in the diaphragm and chest (fullness and oppression in the chest).
Use for depression from stagnation of qi and lack of growth and vision. DU 9, with its yang qualities,
lifts the person and this part of the energetic journey of Du mai, from DU 9 Utmost Yang, Du 10
Supernatural Tower and Du 11 Spirit Path can open the Spirit to a greater sense of purpose and
consciousness.
Du 9 may help distension or cold in the middle jiao due to its effect on Stomach and Spleen.
It can be used when there is aching in the bones.
Resolves Damp-Heat. Strengthens the back. Disperses lethargy.
Indications Lack of resilience, animation and vision in Body, Mind and Spirit.
Diaphragmatic pain, abdominal distension from Liver qi not being free flowing.
Distension, oppression, hiccup and sighing from stagnation of qi in the chest, especially if aggravated
by stress. Loss of appetite.
Jaundice from Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder.
Spinal ache when there is collapse of the spine.

Point Name DU 10 LING TAI Supernatural Tower Spirit Tower
Energetic Nature
Commentary Daoist texts consider the Heart to be the Spirit Tower. This point is located below the Back-shu point
of the Heart. The role of the Heart is to oversee the realm of the Body, Mind and Spirit. A tower is a
place of observation and a place to receive knowledge and heavenly influences. For us to receive
heavenly influences our Heart must be peaceful and pure, a place the shen will delight in inhabiting.
If the Heart is able to receive these heavenly influences it will be able to maintain order and propriety
throughout the Body, Mind and Spirit. This point takes the person a step nearer the heavens, when
they are ready to take a look out from the tower. Du 10, at the level of the Heart, can strengthen the
functioning of Mind and Spirit at a deep level. Spirit Tower nourishes a feeling of connection with
spirit and life as the spirit is strengthened. This can reconnect a person with the authentic unfolding of
an their life.
Expands and relaxes the chest. Strengthens the back. Clears Heat.
Eliminates Interior Wind and so is good for convulsions, tremors, epilepsy.
Relaxes the Sinews.
Indications Strengthens the Mind and Spirit. Mental confusion

Neck pain and stiffness. Upper back pain.
Assists the diffusing of Lung qi and clears cough.
Point Name DU 11 SHEN DAO Spirit Path Mind Way Way of the Spirit
Energetic Nature
Commentary Spirit Path is the territory or pathway of the Heart. Located between the Back-shu points of the Heart
and BL 44 (Spirit Hall), the Heart, the Supreme Controller, can be directly affected by this point. If
DU 10 prepares the setting for the reception of the shen, DU 11, the Way of the Spirit is about the
correct conduct of life as inspired by the shen. On Du mai, which is the link, in this instance, between
the Origin, the Heart and the brain you arrive at DU 11, a place of communication between Du mai
and the Heart. The Heart is where the shen reside; this is a path to the spirit and a way for the shen to
communicate within and without. DU 11 can help the person keep on their path with the upright
strength that Du mai lends. It plays a similar role to REN 17 but with a different energetic nuance
being situated on Du mai .
It can affect the speech, problems of communication, and the sharing of emotions and ideas.
Regulates the functioning of the Heart. Use for palpitations, disturbed sleep. Relaxes the chest, for
pain or aching in the chest, sadness, depression, or oppressive feeling in the chest when Heart qi is
stagnant or deficient.
Clears Heart Fire. Calms the spirit. Use when the Spirit is disturbed by fire and there is hyperactivity,
agitation, mental confusion.
Indications Heart disease, speech problems from Heart qi deficiency.

Poor circulation, cold extremities from Heart qi deficiency.
Inability to give and receive love and ideas, relationship difficulties.
Sadness, deep lack of joy from stagnation of Heart qi.
Mania or hysteria from Fire disturbing the shen.

Point Name DU 12 SHEN ZHU Body Pillar Wisdom’s Advantage Qi
Energetic Nature Connects (via a deep branch) to Bl 12
Commentary Body Pillar refers to the spine in general as well as this point specifically. (Ellis, Wiseman and Boss
1989) DU 12 gives substantial support at all levels of Body, Mind and Spirit when there is spinal
collapse or the spirit is collapsing under duress. It strengthens the person and helps re-orientate the
spirit towards DU 13 Road to Happiness. The communication with the shen at DU 10 and 11
reinforces the wisdom and direction given by Du mai, the strength to sustain an authentic and
appropriate response to life and to maintain connection with the heavens. If you are in good
communication with the heavens then you are working with the current of life and are able to be
physically and mentally upright. DU 12 is valuable when chronic illness has eroded someone’s
strength leaving them feeble. Where there is collapse and weakness moxa can enkindle the qi of Du
mai. This point can usefully be combined with various Back-shu and Outer Bladder Line points to
add a measure of strength, resolve, and “uprightness” to the treatment.
Strengthens the body. Strengthens the Spine. Can be a useful point after spinal manipulation to keep
the spine on the right path.
DU 12 is level with the Back-shu points of the Lungs. It tonifies and regulates the Lungs and helps
diffuse Lung qi. The favourable influence of the Lung and adequate Lung qi is necessary to sustain
the strength of the body. DU 12 clears heat from the Lungs and Heart. Shen disturbance from heat in
the Heart can lead to raging and raving. Expands and relaxes the chest. Expels interior wind from Du
mai and so calms spasms and epilepsy.
Indications Strengthens the Body, Mind and Spirit.

Tremors, epilepsy, convulsions. DU 12 eliminates interior Wind.
Weakness after chronic illness.
Spasms, stiffness and pain of back.
Shortness of breath, weak voice, tiredness from deficient Lung qi.
Suppressed grief, long term sadness from deficient Lung qi.
Frequent colds from weak wei qi.
Point Name DU 13 TAO DAO Kiln Path Kiln Way Road to Happiness Moulded Path
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Bladder and Du mai
C
ommentary DU 13 can calm and strengthen the Spirit. Its location begins the transition from the body towards the
heavenly territory of the head. When Earth and Heaven are in good communication there is the basis
for a propitious life. This may explain the name ‘Road to Happiness’. The importance of this area is
echoed on the front of the body with REN 21, Jade Pivot, a place where something precious (Jade)
turns, as the head does on the body.
At DU 13, Kiln Path, after following the guidance of Du mai and the inspiration of the spirits, we can
accomplish something, whether it is our life taking shape or the achievements made possible by the
clear consciousness imparted by Du mai and the Heart.
Strengthens wei qi. The point is in an area of the body frequently attacked by external pathogens. It
also comes into the upper territory of the Lungs.
Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss (1989) explain the name Kiln Path through the resemblance of spinal
process to a kiln. Du 13 is the point before the process of the first cervical bone.
Relieves upper spinal stiffness.
Clears Heat. Removes Wind Heat and interior Heat.
Regulates the Tai Yang (Small Intestine and Bladder). DU 13 is the crossing point of Du mai and
Bladder. Invasion of Wind and Cold, leading to fever, stiff neck and headache are the signature
symptom of this stage of the Six Stages Pattern Identification.
Indications Calms the Spirit

Invasion of Wind-Cold. Spinal stiffness.

Point Name DU 14 DA ZHUI Great Hammer Big Vertebrae
Energetic Nature Meeting point of Du mai, Bladder, Gall Bladder and Stomach
Influential point of Yang
Sea of Qi point
Commentary The Chinese called the vertebrae ‘spine hammers’ because of their resemblance to a carpenter’s
hammer. C7 is the most prominent vertebra and so called ‘Great Hammer’ (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss
1989). DU 14 is the Influential point of Yang and as such can prompt the person into action.
Great Hammer clears the Mind and clarifies and strengthens the Spirit. At this point which gathers the
yang and which transports clear yang upward to the head, the Mind, Spirit and the sense orifices can
be invigorated.
Du 14, because of its location on the predominantly yang Du mai and being the Influential point of
yang, can be used to clear Heat and expel Interior Wind, equally depending upon needle action, it can
be used to tonify deficient yang or Fire. It is indicated for Heart yang deficiency because of its
location.
Tonifies the Dispersing action of the Lungs. Releases the Exterior.
Tonifies wei qi.
Due to the location of DU 13, 14, 15 and 16 on the back of the neck, an area prone to invasion of
Wind, these points are frequently used to expel invasions of External Wind.
DU 14 can also be used to strengthen wei qi and ying Nutritive qi as it is a crossing point with Bladder,
Stomach and Gall Bladder. It regulates Nutritive qi through its connection with the Stomach
meridian.
As the Influential point of the yang channels it regulates yang whether deficient or excessive.
Regulates flow between neck and head, arms, shoulders and neck due to its location.
Indications Distress of Mind and Spirit from yang deficiency, particularly Heart yang deficiency, depression,
confusion, insomnia, sadness.
Lung qi deficiency problems of voice, throat. Sweating. Shoulder and neck problems.
Invasion of Wind, Heat.
Point Name DU 15 YA MEN Gate of Dumbness Mute’s Gate Tongue Root

Gate To Dumbness
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Du mai and Yang Wei mai

One of the 9 needles for returning yang.
Sea of Marrow point (Note: some authors refer to DU 15 as a “Sea of Qi” point)
Commentary The position of DU 15 gives it responsibility as a gate that regulates and facilitates the flow of qi into
the head from the neck. This point connects with the root of the tongue, the tongue has a connection
with the Heart and speech. It treats disorders of the voice. Stimulates speech. Used to promote the
faculty of speech in children with speech difficulties or adults after Wind stroke. It can also help
when there is an inability to speak because the Heart is in distress. Used to encourage clear
communication of Mind and Spirit. Also used for deafness.
Clears and Nourishes the Mind and brain. Moistens the throat.
As one of the 9 needles for restoring yang it helps restore communication and consciousness between
the shen and the exterior after Collapse of yang.
Local point for upper neck and head problems.
Indications Speech difficulties in children. Speech difficulties in adults, after Wind stroke.
Headache, dizziness, seizures from interior Wind.
Anxiety, mania, hysteria from Heart disturbance.
Anger and irritability from interior Wind.
Lack of mental clarity from blockage to the qi entering the head.
Restoration of consciousness.

Point Name DU 16 FENG FU Wind Palace Wind Mansion Root of Preoccupation
Ghost Hole Ghost Pillow Ghost Forest Clear Headedness Palace of Wind
Energetic Nature Window of The Sky

Crossing point of Yang Wei mai with Du mai
One of Sun Si-miao’s 13 Ghost Points
Sea of Marrow point
Commentary Wind Palace, this particular name of the point conveys some of the benevolence of Wind, its
movement and ability to refresh. It is found here in a precious place, a palace of the senses, where a
branch of Du mai enters the brain. This is a powerful point to re-awaken and stimulate the sensory
organs and motivate the Spirit. All Window of Heaven points promote the free exchange of qi in the
neck/bridge area; if there is blockage of qi in this area, the Body, Mind, or Spirit may be affected,
causing symptoms of mental disturbance, problems affecting the sense organs, or disorders of the
breath and digestion resulting from rebellious qi. This point might be chosen when someone’s Spirit
regularly becomes deeply discouraged or feels embattled by life, they cannot sustain their Spirit, or
keep motivated on their path. This yang point on the predominantly yang Du mai intensifies the
freeing and brightening aspect of any Window of the Sky. It is a potent point that can illuminate and
restore a sense of a rooted but expanded hope for a brighter future as well as ‘opening the window’ to
allow the Spirit to be present with a greater sense of connection to Heavenly qi.
Feng Fu, “Wind Palace”: As well as a benevolent relationship with Wind this area is vulnerable to
attack by Wind. It is a most useful point to clear pathogenic Wind whether from and internal or
external cause, Wind stroke, epilepsy, colds. A branch of Du mai enters the brain here and brings
yang to clear and stimulate the yin of the Sea of Marrow and the sense organs. The alternative names,
Root of Preoccupation and Clear Headedness indicate the possible use of this point to clear the
frustration of thoughts continually swirling about with no direction or resolution.
Feng Fu is one of the Ghost points. Its location, on the predominantly yang Du mai, at this place of
entry to the brain with its stimulating effect on the Mind and Spirit makes it a great point to restore
someone to full consciousness and strength.
Eliminates Wind, Interior and Exterior. Clears the Mind.

Benefits the brain. As a Sea of Marrow point, in combination with DU 15, 19 and 20, this point can
nourish the brain and the sense orifices, and it sustains in cases of jing deficiency when there is
exhaustion, tinnitus and sexual dysfunction.
Local point for upper neck, nose and eye problems.
Regulates the entry of qi to the Brain.
Indications Depression, lack of mental clarity, heaviness in the head.

Wind stroke, epilepsy, giddiness from interior Wind.
Colds, flu, and fevers from exterior Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat.
Opens the sensory orifices and affects the eyes.
Stiff neck from attack by Wind.
Point Name DU 17 NAO HU Brain Door Brain Window Skull Union
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Bladder meridian and Du mai.
Commentary Called Brain Door because of its location on the ‘pillow’ or occipital bone. Nao Hu clears Interior
Wind affecting the Brain. Used for epilepsy and Wind stroke.
Benefits the Brain and Clears the Mind, bringing yang qi to the brain and so reviving consciousness
and stimulating the sensory orifices, particularly the eyes.
Indications Mental dullness. Occipital headache.

Epilepsy, Wind stroke. Giddiness from Interior Wind.

Point Name DU 18 QIANG JIAN Strength Divider Unyielding Space Great Feather
Energetic Nature
Commentary The character Jian refers to the division or space between the sagittal and lambdoid suture where the
location of the point is found halfway between Du 16 and Du 20
The Du mai imparts yang strength and clarity and this point is said to strengthen the brain and
brighten the spirit.
Subdues Wind. Helps intense headaches.
Indications Epilepsy. Headaches from internal Wind.

Stiff neck from invasion of external Wind.
Point Name DU 19 HOU DING Posterior Summit Behind The Vertex

Energetic Nature Sea of Marrow point
Commentary Calms and unifies the Mind and Spirit.

Posterior Summit can be used for intense anxiety, the person feels under huge internal pressure and
feels unable to withstand any more strain. In Five Element acupuncture DU 19 is frequently needled
with DU 20 One Hundred Meetings to enhance the latter’s effect and to bring all the Officials together
to re-establish order. But Du 19 can also be used alone. Deadman, P, et al (1998) give as an
indication for this point ‘mad walking, insomnia and epilepsy’ and this illustrates the erratic and
strained nature of the qi. This yang summit of the body can ease this strain, enabling all the Officials
to settle into a more relaxed and harmonious way of being. Du mai can regain its yang guiding
influence within the Body, Mind and Spirit so the Officials can let go of struggling. This can be
sufficient to fend off collapse, Du 20 is indicated when collapse has already occurred.
Du 19 can be combined with REN 15 with its associations with the yin and ability to redirect the qi
downwards to enhance the calming effect.
Subdues yang.
Indications Anxiety with shen Disturbance.

Hysterical behaviour, agitation.

Point Name DU 20 BAI HUI One Hundred Meetings Hundred Convergences Mountain Top
Celestial Fullness
Energetic Nature Sea of Marrow point

Crossing point of the Bladder, Gall Bladder, and Three Heater channels
Crossing of Du mai with internal pathway of the Liver
Commentary The Daoist text “Daoist Storehouse” refers to the head as the most important part of the body and that
it is the meeting place of the hundred spirits (Ellis, Wiseman, and Boss, 1989). As the uppermost
place on the head, DU 20 is the meeting place of the spirits and the meeting point of all the yang
channels. The crossing of Du Mai with the internal pathway of the Liver imparts some influence of the
Wood element to this point: vision, and a sense of the person’s path unfolding, the hun following the
inspiration of the shen. This place of connection with the wisdom of heavenly influences and Du mai,
helps strengthen the higher consciousness of a person, keeping them on track for the correct way to
live life.
DU 20 is the crossing point of all the yang channels that carry clear yang to the head. It is a powerful
point to raise and uphold the Spirit when oppressed, to assist the ascending of yang to invigorate and
clear the Mind and mental functioning. When the person is collapsed in Body, Mind or Spirit, and
their qi is scattered, this point restores them to a place of composure and help them to integrate their
experiences.
As a Sea of Marrow point it can help restore and nourish when there is dizziness.
Du mai regulates the yang of the body and DU 20 is a point of polarity, where the flow in the meridian
changes direction. Such points, like the nail points, have a strong effect on the qi of the Body, Mind
and Spirit, especially in calming disturbances or eliminating Wind. It affects the opposite end of Du
mai and so can be used for anal/vaginal prolapse.
Tonifies yang. Can be used when yang is collapsing.

Strengthens the ascending function of the Spleen and so is used for prolapses. Moxa can be used to
tonify yang and enhance the Spleen’s ascending function but only if there are no Heat signs anywhere.
Do not use if the person has high B.P. or a history of alternating depression and mania. (Maciocia
1989)
Eliminates Interior Wind. Can be used when the shen is agitated by interior Wind or from hyperactive
Liver yang, fever, or fear, when the natural uprising movement of the Liver has become excessive.
Promotes Resuscitation. When person is unconscious, use in combination with DU 26 and PC 6.
Indications Depression, disconnection from a sense of purpose, feeling scattered within oneself.
Mental confusion and dullness.
Depression from yang deficiency or Phlegm in the head.
Prolapse of stomach, uterus, anus, bladder, vagina.
Giddiness from interior Wind. Headache, stiff shoulders.
Hysteria, restlessness, insomnia, palpitations from agitation of the spirit by Wind, Heat, Phlegm, Fear.
Point Name DU 21 Qian Ding Anterior Summit Before the Vertex

Energetic Nature
Commentary The name of this point arises from its location. Similarly to Du 19, this point can be used to pre-empt
collapse when there is turmoil and agitation within the qi. Anterior Summit is a place to gather the qi,
anticipated disaster can be prevented by ensuring easy free communication between the Officials and
the Body, Mind and Spirit. Havoc and confusion can be gently dispersed here. Stabilises the Spirit
Subdues Wind: epilepsy, visual tremor, facial swelling.
Indications Growing agitation of spirit.

Headache at top of head from Liver yang rising or Blood deficiency. Vertigo.

Point Name DU 22 XIN HUI Skull Meeting Fontanel Meeting Ghost Gate
Hundred Convergences of the Forehead
Energetic Nature
Commentary Junction of the cranial fontanelles in infants. Do not needle in children whose fontanelle is not yet
closed.
Meeting of channel qi and bones.
Calms the Liver. Settles fright. Subdues Wind.
Points with ‘ghost’ in their name usually indicate a point which can restore the spirit- this is Ghost
Gate; a gate is a place where passage can be regulated, so the notion of access is emphasized here,
unsurprising given the nature of the fontanelle at birth. The implication is that it is also an easy place
for external pathogens to invade.
Indications Headache due to excessive drinking of alcohol.

Epilepsy. Insomnia or excessive sleeping.
Point Name DU 23 SHANG XING Upper Star Ghost Hall Hall of Fame
Bright Hall Spirit Hall
Energetic Nature One of the 13 Ghost Points of Sun Si-miao
Commentary The name “star” was probably chosen because stars are located in heaven and this point is in a very
yang position on the head and carries the yang qi influence of its association with Du mai. A star also
conveys the idea of brightness and this point brightens the eyes.
The Du mai pathway travels below the eyes, which explains how it helps clear the nose and brighten
the eye. Opens the nose. Resolves Phlegm.
Treats disorders of the eye, the brightness of the eyes reflects the Spirit, hence Bright Hall as an
alternate name.
Being one of the 13 Ghost points, it useful for helping to calm and soothe an agitated Spirit.
Indications Chronic allergic rhinitis. Sinusitis. Nasal polyps. Frontal headache. Agitation of the Spirit
Point Name DU 24 SHEN TING Spirit Hall Spirit Court Hairline Mind Courtyard
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Du mai and Stomach meridian (and Bladder)
Commentary Spirit Hall is a very powerful point to calm the Mind and Spirit. This point is located above the face
and treats disorders of the head, forehead, eyes and nose. The centre of the brain is the upper
Cinnabar field, the brain is the palace of the spirits of the origin and Du mai pathway connects from
here with the Heart, the residence of the spirits. The light and clarity given here by the yang is
supported by the clear essences contributed by the fu. Spirit Hall is like a courtyard or antechamber, a
place of passing, gathering and observation where the presence of the spirits vitally enliven the brain.
(Larre & Rochat 1997) Here they impart their understanding and connection with the heavens. Spirit
Hall can be used when someone’s behaviour demonstrates a loss of control and propriety, when the
upright correctness and strength of Du mai is needed to guide their life.
When there is extreme mental disorder, use points on Du mai to regain control. DU 24 can be used to
subdue interior Wind and, as a point on Du mai which controls the yang, it clears heat.
Spirit Hall can be appropriate when there is turmoil of Mind and Spirit, or the person cannot process
or move on, in cases of obsessive thought from stagnation of Stomach qi and Du mai, or extreme
agitation from internal Wind.
This point can be combined with GB 13 for severe anxiety and fears (Maciocia 1989). Calms the
Liver. Subdues Wind.
Resolves Phlegm. Calms stomach qi.
Eye pain, redness and swelling. Rhinitis, sinusitis. [Needle with care].
.
Indications Anxiety, palpitations. Florid behaviour. Epilepsy from internal Wind. Conjunctivitis from Heat or
Wind. Sudden blindness. Nasal obstruction from Phlegm.

Point Name DU 25 SU LIAO Plain Bone White Bone Hole Centre of the Face Nose Tip
Energetic Nature
Commentary Opens the portal of the Lung, the nose.

Disperses Heat.
Restores consciousness.
Indications Nasal congestion from obstruction.

Nosebleed from Heat. Polyps from Phlegm.
“Drinker’s nose”; local point to disperse Heat and Phlegm.
Point Name DU 26 REN ZHONG Middle of Man Water Trough Ghost Palace
Ghost Reception Room Ghost Market Human Centre
Energetic Nature Crossing point of Large Intestine, Stomach and Du mai

Commentary DU 26 regulates yin and yang. For this reason, it helps calm the shen when there is severe
disturbance. At Middle of Man, the territory of the predominantly yang qi of Du mai overlaps the
territory of the predominantly yin qi of Ren mai. A branch of Du mai and the main Ren mai pathway
circle the mouth, which receives earthly qi through food, while the nose receives heavenly qi. Du mai
with all its yang properties connects here with the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians, which are
rich in Blood and qi, and the Stomach is also associated with earthly nourishment. All these
connections mean this point (and DU 27 and 28 as well) can be used to regulate yin and yang,
particularly when the disturbance is of the Mind and Spirit.
The strong action of this point in restoring connection between yin and yang make it an appropriate
choice when rapid changes between highs and lows, hysteria and tears, mania and epilepsy and is the
reason for its inclusion as one of the Ghost points.
It is also a resuscitation point, DU 26 is a point where the qi changes polarity and so can be used when
there is loss of consciousness, or a separation between yin and yang to restore yang.
Benefits the lumbar spine. Use as a distal point for acute lumbar sprain when the pain is on the centre
of the spine. The point is dispersed while the patient stands and bends back and forth and turns side to
side.
Local point for nasal problems. Clears Heat and Wind from channels locally so can be used for facial
paralysis, toothache and skin problems around the mouth.
Indications Calms the Spirit

Restores consciousness
Anxiety with incessant talking.
Deviated mouth from Wind stroke.
Fainting. Sinusitis, rhinitis (local point).
Acne around mouth.
.

Point Name DU 27 DUI DUAN Correct Exchange Upper Extremity of the Mouth
Energetic Nature
Commentary The name of this point, Correct Exchange, reflects its role, like DU 26, in connecting and harmonising
yin and yang. Calms the Spirit. Nourishes yin.
Clears Heat so helps with nosebleeds, mouth sores. Pain and swelling in the gums from heat in the
yang ming.
First Aid for toothache.
Relieves pain.
Indications Toothache. Pain and swelling in the gums.

Nosebleed. Mouth sores. Clenched jaws. Chattering teeth.
Point Name DU 28 YIN JIAO Mouth Crossing Gum Intersection
Energetic Nature Exit point of Du mai

Crossing point of Du mai, Ren mai and Stomach meridians.
Commentary As the last point on Du mai, this point is most often used as part of the treatment protocol to clear a
Ren/Du exit/entry block. By itself it has, similarly to DU 26 and 27, a regulating effect on yin and
yang. Its properties of clearing Heat and draining Fire means it can be used when there is mania or
shen disturbance from Phlegm-Heat. It is also used to clear heat affecting the gums and mouth, eyes
and skin; bleeding and sore gums, red painful eyes and red face.
Diffuses the Lungs due to the strong effect on the nose. Brightens the eye. Relieves itching, clears
Heat.
Indications Shen disturbance.

Pain along the centre of the face, local point.
Nasal congestion. Pain and swelling of the gums.

AcupuncturePointCompendium2014 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AcupuncturePointCompendium2014 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Acupuncture

Originally published by the College of Traditional

First Edition November 1999

Reprinted 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003

Second Revised Edition 2004

Third Revised Edition 2014

© C. L. Hatton 2000, 2004, 2014. No part of this publication may be copied,

“Compendium \Com*pen”di*um\, n. A brief compilation or composition, containing the

Claire-Louise Hatton, Ac.M.

CTA (1996) The Jing Luo: Point Location Handbook

CTA personal class notes 1985 – 2000

Ellis, A. et al (1989) Grasping The Wind Paradigm Press Brookline, Mass.

Deadman, P. et al (1998) A Manual of Acupuncture JCM Publications Hove

Lade, A. (1989) Images and Functions Eastland Press Washington

Larre, C (1994) The Way of Heaven Monkey Press Cambridge

Larre, C & Rochat, E (2003) The Extraordinary Fu Monkey Press Cambridge

Larre, C & Rochat, E (2001) The Lung Monkey Press Cambridge

Maciocia, G. (1989) The Foundations of Chinese Medicine Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh

Ross, J. (1995) Acupuncture Point Combinations Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh

Energetic Nature Entry point

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Indications For oppression, feeling lost or dissatisfied.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Window of the Sky

Point Name LU 4 XIA BAI Valiant White Guarding White

LU 4 regulates qi and Blood. Relieves pain.

Indications For mental clarity and courage.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Water point

Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft/Accumulation point

Indications Sustains and supports the Body, Mind and Spirit

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Luo Connecting Junction point with LI 4

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Metal point

LU 8 tonifies and regulates the Lung qi.

Indications Disappointment, cynicism, loss of a sense of value in life.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Earth point

Indications Grief, depression, a sense of deprivation.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Fire point

Indications Depression, desperation, isolation.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Wood point

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Indications Inertia, rigidity of Mind and Spirit. Contaminated perspective.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Wood point

Indications Negativity about the future. Constipation at any level.

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Source point

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Fire point

Indications Lifts the Spirit, clears the Mind.

Point Name LI 6 PIAN LI Side Passage Veering Passageway Slanting Passage

Energetic Nature Luo-Connecting/Junction point

© Claire-Louise Hatton 2004, 2014 Acupuncture Point Compendium

Energetic Nature Xi-Cleft/Accumulation point

Indications Calms the spirit.

Point Name LI 8 XIA LIAN Lower Angle Lower Ridge

Indications Pain in the elbow or arm.

“Compendium \Compen”dium\, n. A brief compilation or composition, containing the