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FUNDAMENTAL OF INTEGRATION (BOARD LEVEL, XII)

SUBJECTIVE TYPE
1. Integrate the following functions w.r.t. x :
1 1
(i) x −6 (ii) n (iii) e3log x (iv)
( 2x + 9)
5/7
x

3log x 4 −1 2 tan ( x / 2 ) log3 x e5log x − e4log x

(v) e ⋅x (vi) sin (vii) 9 (viii) 3log x 2log x
1 + tan 2 ( x / 2 ) e −e
Evaluate the following integral (Q.2 to Q.67)
2
2. (i) ∫ 6x −7 dx (ii) ∫ 3 dx (iii) ∫ 4sec x tan x dx
x
ex 2
(iv) ∫ 2 x +3 dx (v) ∫ 3 dx (vi) ∫
x
dx

4 2 cos x
(iii) ∫ (1 − 4x )  dx
−3
∫ ∫ ∫ 3sin
3
3. (i) z 3 dz (ii) s 2 ds (iv) dx.
  2
x
( x + a)
4
x4 + 1
∫ ( x + 2 )( x − 3) dx ∫ ∫ x 2 dx ∫ (10 + 3e x + ax 2 ) dx
x
4. (i) (ii) dx (iii) (iv)
x3
sin x
5. (i) ∫ sin 2 x cos ec 2 x dx (ii) ∫ sin x sec2 x dx (iii) ∫ 1 − sin 2 x dx
2log x −3 2log5 x log4 x 1
6. (i) ∫e x dx (ii) ∫ 5 dx (iii) ∫ 2 dx (iv) ∫ 1 + sec x dx
m x  1  1  2 log x e x 
∫  x + m + m + x + mx  dx 8. ∫ 9. ∫  x + e +  dx
x m
7. 1 +  dx
x  x  2 

 x2 
10. ∫  1 + x 2  dx 11. ∫ ( x e + e x + ee ) dx

 1 2 5  dx
∫  1 + x 1 − x 2 x x 2 − 1  dx 13. ∫
x
12.  1 + 2
− + + 3
x + x +1
x3 − x 2 + x − 1
14. ∫ x − 1 dx 15. ∫ x ( ax 2 + bx + c ) dx 16. ∫ sec x o tan x o dx

∫ cos ( sin x ) dx ∫ sin

−1 −1
17. 18. (cos x) dx.

19. (i) ∫ sin ( 4 x + 5 ) dx (ii) ∫ tan ( 3 − 4 z ) sec ( 3 − 4 z ) dz (iii) ∫ cosec 2 (10 z − 3) dz (iv) ∫ 78−9 x dx

sin 2 x sin x sec x

20. (i) ∫ 1 + cos x dx (ii) ∫ 1 + sin 2x dx (iii) ∫ 1 − sin x dx (iv) ∫ sec x + tan x dx
1 − sin x
21. (i) ∫ ( sin x + cos x ) dx (ii) ∫ cosec x ( cosec x + cot x ) dx (iii) ∫ cos 2 x
dx

cos x − cos 2 x x6 + 1 sin 3 x + cos3 x sin x + cos x

22. (i) ∫ 1 − cos x dx (ii) ∫ x 2 + 1 dx (iii) ∫ 2
sin x cos x2
dx (iv) ∫
1 + sin 2 x
dx

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2 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
23. (i) ∫ ( 3sin x − 4 cos x + 5sec x − 2cosec 2 x ) dx2
(ii) ∫ ( cosec x cot x − 2 sec2 x ) dx

 4 sin x 2  a + b sin x
(iii) ∫  +  dx (iv) ∫ dx
2 2
 5 cos x 5sin x  cos 2
 1 5
∫  5x + 2 x −5 − 7 x + ∫ (1 − x )( 2 + 3x )( 5 − 4 x ) dx
3
24. (i) +  dx (ii)
x x
3
 3x 4 − 5 x3 + 4 x 2 − x + 2   1 
(iii) ∫   dx (iv) ∫  x 2 + 2  dx
 x3   x 
x4 + 1 x4
25. : (i) ∫ x 2 + 1 dx (ii) ∫ x 2 + 1 dx
 x 10 x 10 
 1
2

26. (i) ∫ 10 + 10 x + x + 10 + x  dx (ii) ∫ {( x + 2 )( x − 1)( x + 5 )( x − 7 )}dx (iii) ∫  x 
 x +  ( x − 7 ) dx
 
3
x3 + 3x + 4  1 
(iv) ∫ (v) ∫  x − ∫ (e + e a log x + e a log a )dx
x log a
dx  dx (vi)
x  x

(x − 4)
2 2
x 3 + 4 x 2 − 3 x − 14 x3 − 1 x6 − 1
27. (i) ∫
( x + 2)
dx (ii) ∫ x − 1 dx, x ≠ 1 (iii) ∫ x
dx (iv) ∫ x 2 + 1 dx
1 1 1 1
28. (i) ∫ 9 − 25 x 2
dx (ii) ∫ 9x2 − 4
dx (iii) ∫x 2
+ 8 x + 20
dx (iv) ∫ ( x + 1)( x + 5) dx
1 dx 1 x −1
29. (i) ∫ 2x2 + 1
dx (ii) ∫ 2x + 3 − 2x −1
(iii) ∫x x +1
dx, x > 1

x4 x4 + x2 −1
30. (i) ∫ dx (ii) ∫ dx
x +1 2 ( x 2 + 1)
1 x
31. (i) ∫ ax + b − ax + c
dx (ii) ∫ 1+ x
dx

1 1 − sin x
32. (i) ∫ 1 − sin x dx (ii) ∫ 1 + sin x dx (iii) ∫ tan −1 dx (iv) ∫ sin x 1 + cos 2 x dx
1 + sin x
 sin 2 x   1 − cos 2 x 
∫ cot (ii) ∫ tan −1 
−1
33. (i)   dx  dx
 1 − cos 2 x   1 + cos 2 x 
 2 tan x 
∫ sin ∫ tan (cosec x − cot x) dx (iii) ∫ tan −1 (cosec x + cot x) dx
−1 −1
34. (i)  2 
dx (ii)
 1 + tan x 
cot x cosec x
35. (i) ∫ dx (ii) ∫ cosec x − cot x dx
cosec x − cot x
 x
36. (i) ∫ (2 tan x − 3cot x)
2
dx (ii) ∫  x3/2 − cos 2  dx
 2

∫ (e + 3cos x − 4 x 3 + 2 ) dx ∫(x + a x + e x a x + sin a ) dx

x 3
37. (i) (ii)

1 sin 3 x + cos 3 x
(iii) ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx (iv) ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx.
 1 − cos 2 x  cos 2 x
38. (i) ∫   dx (ii) ∫ cos 2
dx
 1 + cos 2 x  x sin 2 x

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 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 3

1 + x + x2 x4 + x2 + 1 sin 3 x − cos3 x 5 cos 3 x + 6 sin 3 x

39. ∫ x 2 (1 + x ) dx 40. ∫
x2 − x + 1
dx 41. ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx 42. ∫
2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx

sin x 5 x 4 + 12 x3 + 7 x 2 tan x
43. ∫ 1 + sin x dx 44. ∫ 1 − sin 2x dx 45. ∫
x2 + x
dx 46. ∫ sec x + tan x dx
 x −1  cos 2 x − sin 2 x 1 + sin x
47. ∫ sin 2 x sin 3 x dx 48. ∫ ( x + 8)  x 2 − 2 x + 4  dx 49. ∫ 1 + cos 4 x dx ∫ 1 − sin x dx
3
50.

( ax + bx )
2
 1 − tan 2 x  cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x
51. ∫ cos  −1
2  dx 52. ∫ ( sin x + cos x ) dx 53. ∫
6 6
dx 54. ∫ dx
 1 + tan x  cos 2 x a xb x
55. ∫ sin 3 x cos 5 x dx and what should be the value of the constant of integration so that the integral is zero
when x = 0 .
x3 x2 ax + b
56. (i) ∫ x + 1 dx (ii) ∫ 1 − x dx (iii) ∫ cx + d dx
x
57. (i) ∫ cos 2 dx (ii) ∫ sin 3 x dx (iii) ∫ cos 4 x dx
2
sin 8 x − cos8 x
(iv) ∫ sin x cos x dx
4 4
(v) ∫ dx.
1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
58. (i) ∫ sin 4 x cos 7 x dx (ii) ∫ sin mx sin nx dx, where m and n are distinct positive numbers

(iii) ∫ cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x dx.

sin 6 x + cos 6 x x
59. ∫ sin x sin 2 x sin 3x dx 60. ∫ sin 2 x ⋅ cos2 x dx 61. ∫ sin 3 x cos dx
2
 cos 2 x − cos 2α   x 2 + sin 2 x  2
62. ∫  cos x − cos α  dx 63. ∫  2  sec x dx. 64. ∫ tan −1 ( sec x + tan x ) dx
  1+ x 
81+ x + 41− x
65. ∫ dx 66. ∫ a log x dx
2x
1 1 1
67. If f ′ ( x ) = e x + and f ( 0 ) = 1 find f ( x ) . 68. If f ′ ( x ) = x − and f (1) = , find f ( x ) .
1 + x2 x 2
2
69. If f '( x) = 4 x3 − 6 and f (0) = 3, find f ( x)
π 
70. If f '( x) = a sin x + b cos x, f '(0) = 4, f (0) = 3 and f   = 5, find f ( x)
2

SOLUTION OF FUNDAMENTAL OF INTEGRATION

SUBJECTIVE TYPE
1
− +1
x −6 +1 x −5 1 x n n 1− n1
(i) ∫ x −6 dx = ∫ ∫
−1/ n
1. +C = − +C (ii) dx = x dx = + C = x +C
−6 + 1 5 n
x 1 n − 1
− +1
n
3 x4 ∵ elog f ( x ) = f ( x ) 
(iii) ∫ e3log x dx = ∫ elog x dx = ∫ x3dx = +C  
4
( − 5 / 7 ) +1
dx
= ∫ ( 2x + 9)
( 2x + 9) 7
( 2x + 9) + C
−5 / 7 2/7
(iv) ∫ ( 2x + 9) 5/ 7
dx =
 5 
+C =
4
 − + 1 2
 7 

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4 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
3 x 7 +1 x8
(v) Given, e3log ⋅ x 4 = elog x ⋅ x 4 = x3 ⋅ x 4 = x 7 ∴ ∫ e3log x ⋅ x 4 dx = ∫ x 7 dx = +C = +C
7 +1 8
2 tan ( x / 2 ) x 2
(vi) ∫ sin −1 dx = ∫ sin −1 sin ( 2 ( x / 2 ) ) dx = ∫ x dx = + C.
1 + tan ( x / 2 )
2
2

log3 x log3 x 2log3 x log3 x2 x3 1

(vii) ∫ 9 dx = ∫ (3 )
2
dx = ∫ 3 dx = ∫3 dx = ∫ x 2 dx = + C = x3 + C.
3 3
e5log x − e 4log x
(viii) Let I = ∫ 3log x 2log x dx
e −e
5 4 3 2
As know that e5log x = elog x = x5 , e4log x = elog x = x 4 , e3log x = elog x = x3 and e 2log x = elog x = x 2
x5 − x 4 x 4 ( x − 1) x3
∴ I = ∫ 3 2 dx = ∫ 2 dx = ∫ x 2 dx = + C
x −x x ( x − 1) 3
2. Using the result ∫ kf ( x ) dx = k ∫ f ( x ) dx

 x −7 +1   x −6 
∫ ∫
−7 −7 −6
(i) 6 x dx = 6 x dx = 6  −7 + 1  + C = 6  −6  + C = − x + C
   
2 1  x −3+1 
(ii) ∫ 3 dx = 2 ∫ 3 dx = 2∫ x dx = 2 
−3
 + C = − x −2 + C
x x  −3 + 1 
(iii) ∫ 4sec x tan x dx = 4 ∫ sec x tan x dx = 4 sec x + C

 2x  2 x +3
(iv) ∫ 2 x +3 dx = ∫ 23 2 x dx = 23 ∫ 2 x dx = 8   + C = +C
 log 2  log 2
ex 1 x 1 x
(v) ∫ 3 dx = 3 ∫ e dx = 3 e + C
 − 1 +1 
2 1  x 2 
(vi) ∫ dx = 2 ∫ 1/ 2 dx = 2 ∫ x −1/ 2 dx = 2  +C = 4 x +C
x x 1 
 − + 1
 2 
3
+1
z 2
2z5/ 2
3. (i) ∫ z 3 dz = ∫ ( z )
3 1/ 2
dz = ∫ z 3/ 2 dz = +C = +C
3 5
+1
2
2
+1
s3 3s 5 / 3
(ii) ∫
3
s ds = ∫ ( s
2
)
2 1/ 3
ds = ∫ s 2 / 3 ds = +C = +C
2 5
+1
3
(1 − 4 x ) (1 − 4 x )
−12 +1 −11
−3 4
(iii) ∫ (1 − 4 x )  dx = ∫ (1 − 4 x ) dx =
−12
+C = +C
  ( −12 + 1)( −4 ) 44
2 cos x 2 2 2
(iv) ∫ 3sin 2
dx = ∫ cot x cos ec x dx = ( − cos ec x ) + C = − cos ec x + C.
x 3 3 3
x3 x 2
∫ ( x + 2 )( x − 3) dx = ∫ ( x − x − 6 ) dx = ∫ x dx − ∫ xdx − 6∫ dx
2 2
4. (i) = − − 6x + C
3 2
( x + a)
4
(x 4
+ 4ax3 + 6a 2 x 2 + 4a 3 x + a 4 )
(ii) ∫ x3
dx = ∫
x3
dx

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 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 5

∵ ( x + a )4 = 4C0 x 4 + 4C1ax3 + 4C2 a 2 x 2 + 4C3 a 3 x + 4C4 a 4 

 
 6a 2 4a 3 a 4  2 1 1 1
= ∫  x + 4a + + 2 + 3  dx = ∫ xdx + 4a ∫ dx + 6a ∫ dx + 4a ∫ 2 dx + a ∫ 3 dx
3 4

 x x x  x x x
1
= ∫ xdx + 4a ∫ dx + 6a 2 ∫ dx + 4a 3 ∫ x −2 dx + a 4 ∫ x −3 dx
x
x2  x −2+1  4  x −3+1 
= + 4ax + 6a 2 log x + 4a 3   + a  −3 + 1  + C
2  −2 + 1   
x2 4a 3 a 4
= + 4ax + 6a 2 log x − − 2 +C
2 x 2x
x4 + 1  x4 1  1 x3  x −2 +1  x3 1
∫ x 2 ∫  x 2 x 2  ∫ ∫ x2 ∫ ∫
2 2 −2
(iii) dx + dx = x dx + dx = x dx + x dx = + + C = − +C
3  −2 + 1  3 x

∫ (10 + 3e x + ax 2 ) dx = ∫ 10 x dx ∫ 3e x dx + ∫ ax 2 dx
x
(iv)

10 x ax3
= ∫ 10 x dx + 3∫ e x dx + a ∫ x 2 dx = + 3e x + +C
log10 3
2
5. (i) ∫ sin x cos ec 2 x dx = ∫ 1dx = x + C.
1
(ii) ∫ sin x sec2 x dx = ∫ sin x . cos x .sec x dx = ∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C.
sin x sin x
(iii) ∫ 2
dx = ∫ dx = ∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C.
1 − sin x cos 2 x
2log x −3 1
log x2 −3
∫e ∫ex −3 dx = ∫ dx = log x + C∫x
2
6. (i) x dx = x dx = (∵ x > 0)
x
2log5 x log x2 1
(ii) ∫ 5 dx = ∫ 5 5 dx = ∫ x 2 dx = x3 + C .
3
1 +1
1 1 1
log4 x log x log x log4 x1/2 x2 2 3/2
(iii) ∫2 dx = ∫ (4 2 ) 4 dx =∫ 4 2 4 dx = ∫4 dx = ∫ x 2 dx =
1
+C =
3
x + C.
+1
2
1 1 sec x − 1 sec x − 1 sec x − 1  sec x 1 
(iv) ∫ dx = ∫ × dx = ∫ 2
dx = ∫ 2
dx = ∫  2
− 2 
dx
1 + sec x sec x + 1 sec x − 1 sec x − 1 tan x  tan x tan x 

∫ ( cosec x cot x − cot x ) dx

2
= = ∫ cosec x cot x dx − ∫ (cosec2 x − 1)dx = − cosec x − (− cot x − x) + C
= − cosec x + cot x + x + C.
m x  x2 mx x m +1 mx 2
∫  x m
x m
7. + + m + x + mx  dx = m log x + + + + +C
 2m log m m + 1 2
1  1  1 1 
8. ∴ ∫ 1 +  dx = ∫  +  dx = ∫ ( x −1/ 2 + x −3/ 2 ) dx
x  x  x x x
1 3
− +1 − +1
x 2 x 2 2
= + +C = 2 x − +C
1 3 x
− +1 − +1
2 2
 2 log x e x  x3 x 2 e x
9. ∫  x + e + 2  dx = 3 + 2 + 2 + C ∵ elog x = x 

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6 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
2
x  1  1
10. ∫ 1 + x 2 dx = ∫ 1 − x 2 + 1  dx = ∫ 1.dx − ∫ x 2 + 1 dx = x − tan x + C
−1

x e +1
∫ ( x + e + e ) dx =
e x e
11. + e x + ee ⋅ x + C
e +1
 1 2 5 
∫  1 + x 2 1 − x 2 x x 2 − 1  dx
x
12  1 + − + + 3

1 1 1
= ∫ 1.dx + ∫ 2
dx − 2 ∫ dx + 5∫ dx + ∫ 3x dx
1+ x 1− x 2 2
x x −1
3x
= x + tan −1 x − 2sin −1 x + 5sec −1 x + +C
log 3

dx ( x − x +1 )
13. ∫ x + x +1 ∫
= dx
( x + x +1 )( x − x +1 )
x − x +1 ( x − x +1 ) dx = 1

∫( )
1
=∫ dx = ∫ x + 1 − x dx = ∫ ( x + 1) 2 dx − ∫ x 2 dx
x − ( x + 1) −1
3 3
( x + 1) 2 − x 2 + c 2 3
2 3
=
3 3
= ( x + 1) 2 − x 2 + c
3 3
2 2
x3 − x 2 + x − 1 ( x 2 + 1)( x − 1) x3
14. ∫ x −1 dx = ∫ x − 1 dx = ∫ ( x 2 + 1) dx. = + x+C
3
1
 5 3 1

15. We have I = ∫ x ( ax 2 + bx + c ) dx = ∫ x 2 ( ax 2 + bx + c ) dx = ∫  ax 2 + bx 2 + cx 2  dx
 
5 3
 5 +1 
1
 3 +1   1 +1 
 x2   x2   x2 
= a ∫ x dx + b ∫ x dx + c ∫ x dx = a 
2 2 2
 +b  +c +C
5 3 1 
 + 1  + 1  + 1
2  2  2 
2 72 2 52 2 23
= ax + bx + cx + C
7 5 3
π πx
16. ∵ 1° = radian: ∴ x° = radian.
180 180
πx
πx πx sec
Now, ∫ sec x° tan x°dx = ∫ sec tan dx = 180 + c = 180 sec x° + c.
180 180 π π
180
π  π  π x 2

∫ cos ( sin x ) dx = ∫ cos cos  2 − x  dx = ∫  2 − x  dx = 2 x − 2 + C

−1 −1
17.

−1  π  π  π x2
∫ ∫   2   ∫  2 
−1
18. sin (cos x ) dx. = sin sin − x dx = − x dx. = x − +C
2 2
cos ( 4 x + 5 )
19. (i) We know that ∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C . ∴ ∫ sin ( 4 x + 5) dx = − 4
+C

sec ( 3 − 4 z )
(ii) We know that ∫ sec z tan z dz = sec z + C ∴ ∫ tan ( 3 − 4 z ) sec ( 3 − 4 z ) dz = −4
+C

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 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 7
cot (10 z − 3)
(iii) We know that ∫ cosec2 z dz = − cot z + C ∴ ∫ cosec2 (10 z − 3) dz = − +C
10
7x 78 − 9 x
(iv) We know that ∫ 7 x dx = +C ∴ ∫ 7 dx =
8 −9 x
+C
log 7 ( −9 ) log 7
sin 2 x 1 − cos 2 x
20. (i) ∫ 1 + cos x dx = ∫ 1 + cos x dx = ∫ (1 − cos x) dx = x − sin x + C.

(ii) ∫ 1 + sin 2x dx = ∫ cos 2 + sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x dx = ∫ (cos x + sin x) dx = sin x − cos x + C.

sin x sin x(1 + sin x) sin x + sin 2 x

(iii) ∫ 1 − sin x dx = = ∫ 1 − sin 2 x dx = ∫ cos2 x dx = ∫ (sec x tan x + tan 2 x) dx.

= ∫ ( sec x tan x + sec 2 x − 1)dx = sec x + tan x − x + C

sec x 1 1 − sin x
∫ sec x + tan x dx ∫ 1 + sin xdx = ∫ ∫ ( sec x − sec x tan x )dx = tan x − sec x + C
2
(iv) = dx =
cos 2 x
21. (i) We have, ∫ ( sin x + cos x ) dx = ∫ sin x dx + ∫ cos x dx = − cos x + sin x + C
(ii) We have, ∫ cosec x ( cosec x + cot x ) dx = ∫ ( cosec x + cosec x cot x ) dx 2

= ∫ cosec x dx + ∫ cosec x cot x dx = − cot x − cosec x + C

2

1 − sin x 1 sin x
(iii) ∫ 2
cos x
dx = ∫ 2
cos x
dx − ∫ 2
cos x
dx = ∫ sec2 xdx − ∫ sec x tan xdx = tan x − sec x + C

cos x − cos 2 x cos x − (2 cos 2 x − 1) (1 + 2 cos x)(1 − cos x)

22. (i) ∫ 1 − cos x dx = ∫ 1 − cos x
dx = ∫
1 − cos x
dx

= ∫ (1 + 2 cos x )dx = x + 2 sin x + C

x6 + 1 ( x 2 )3 + 13 ( x 2 + 1)( x 4 − x 2 + 1)
(ii) ∫ dx = ∫ x2 + 1 dx = ∫ dx ∵a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 − ab + b 2 ) 
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
x 5 x3
= ∫ ( x 4 − x 2 + 1)dx = − + x + C
5 3
sin 3 x + cos3 x  sin x cos x 
(iii) ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx = ∫  cos2 x + sin 2 x dx = ∫ ( sec x tan x + cosec x cot x )dx
= sec x − cosec x + C
sin x + cos x sin x + cos x sin x + cos x
(iv) ∫ 1 + sin 2 x
dx = ∫ 2 2
sin x + cos x + 2sin x cos x
dx = ∫ sin x + cos xdx = ∫ 1dx = x + C
∫ ( 3sin x − 4 cos x + 5sec x − 2cosec x ) dx
2 2
23. (i)

= ∫ 3sin xdx − ∫ 4 cos xdx + ∫ 5sec xdx − ∫ 2cosec xdx

2 2

= 3∫ sin xdx − 4 ∫ cos xdx + 5∫ sec xdx − 2 ∫ cos ec xdx

2 2

= 3 ( − cos x ) − 4sin x + 5 tan x − 2 ( − cot x ) + C = −3cos x − 4sin x + 5 tan x + 2 cot x + C

∫ ( cosec x cot x − 2 sec x ) dx = ∫ cosec x cot xdx − 2∫ sec

2 2
(ii) xdx
= −cosec x − 2 tan x + C
 4 sin x 2  4 sin x 2
(iii) ∫  +  dx = ∫ 2
dx + ∫ dx
2 2
 5 cos x 5sin x  5 cos x 5sin 2 x

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8 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
4 sin x 1 2 4 2
= ∫ dx + ∫ cosec 2 xdx = ∫ tan x sec xdx + ∫ cosec 2 xdx
5 cos x cos x 5 5 5
4 2 4 2
= ( sec x ) + ( − cot x ) + C = sec x − cot x + C
5 5 5 5
a + b sin x a sin x
(iv) ∫ 2
dx = ∫ 2
dx + ∫ b dx
cos x cos x cos 2 x
= a ∫ sec 2 xdx + b ∫ tan x sec xdx = a tan x + b sec x + C

 1 5 1 5
∫ 5 x + 2 x −5 − 7 x + +  dx = ∫ 5 x 3 dx + ∫ 2 x −5 dx − ∫ 7 xdx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
3
24. (i)
x x x x
1
1 −
= 5∫ x dx + 2 ∫ x dx − 7 ∫ xdx + ∫ x dx + 5∫ dx
3 −5 2
x
 − 1 +1 
 x3+1   x −5+1   x1+1   x 2 
= 5  + 2  − 7 +  + 5log x + C
 3 + 1  −5 + 1   1 + 1   − 1 + 1
 2 
5 4 1 −4 7 2
= x − x − x + 2 x + 5log x + C
4 2 2

∫ (1 − x )( 2 + 3x )( 5 − 4 x ) dx = ∫ ( 2 + x − 3x ) ( 5 − 4 x ) dx
2
(ii)

= ∫ (10 − 3 x − 19 x + 12 x ) dx = 10 ∫ dx − 3∫ xdx − 19 ∫ x dx + 12 ∫ x dx
2 3 2 3

x2 x3 x4 3 19
= 10 x − 3 − 19 + 12 + C = 10 x − x 2 − x3 + 3 x 4 + C
2 3 4 2 3
3x 4 − 5 x3 + 4 x 2 − x + 2  3x 4 5 x3 4 x 2 x 2 
(iii) ∫ x3
dx = ∫  x3 − x3 + x3 − x3 + x3  dx
1 1 1
= 3∫ xdx − 5∫ dx + 4⌠
 dx − ∫ 2 dx + 2 ∫ 3 dx
⌡x x x
1
= 3∫ xdx − 5∫ dx + 4 ∫ dx − ∫ x −2 dx + 2 ∫ x −3 dx
x
 x2   x −2 +1   x −3+1  3 1 1
= 3   − 5 x + 4 log x −   + 2   + C = x 2 − 5 x + 4 log x + − 2 + C
2  −2 + 1   −3 + 1  2 x x
3
 1   1 3  1 1
(iv) ∫  x 2 + 2  dx = ∫  x 6 + 6 + 3 x 2 + 2  dx = ∫ x 6 dx + ∫ 6 dx + 3∫ x 2 dx + 3∫ 2 dx
 x   x x  x x
x 7 x −6 +1  x 3   x −2 +1 
= + + 3  + 3 +C
7 −6 + 1  3   −2 + 1 
1 7 1 −5 1 1 3
= x − x + x 3 − 3 x −1 + C = x 7 − 5 + x 3 − + C
7 5 7 5x x
x4 + 1 x4 −1 + 2
25. (i) ∫ x 2 + 1 ∫ x 2 + 1 dx
dx =

=∫
(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 − 1) + 2
dx = ∫
(x 2
+ 1)( x 2 − 1)
dx + ∫
2
dx
(x 2
+ 1) (x 2
+ 1)
2
x +1

1 1 x3
= ∫ ( x − 1) dx + 2 ∫
2
2
dx = ∫ x dx − ∫ dx + 2 ∫
2
2
d x = − x + 2 tan −1 x + C
1+ x 1+ x 3

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x4
(ii) ∫ 2
x4 −1 + 1
dx = ∫ 2 dx = ∫
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 − 1) + 1
dx = ∫
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 − 1)
dx + ∫ 2
1
dx
x +1 x +1 ( x + 1)
2
( x + 1)
2
x +1

1 1 x3
= ∫ ( x 2 − 1) dx + ∫ 2
dx = ∫ x 2
dx − ∫ dx + ∫ 2
dx = − x + tan −1 x + C
1+ x 1+ x 3
 10 x  1 1
26. (i) ∫ 10 x + 10 x + + + x10  dx = ∫ 10 x dx + 10 ∫ x dx + 10 ∫ dx + ∫ x dx + ∫ x10 dx
 x 10  x 10
10 x x2 1 x 2 x11 10 x x2 x11
= + 10 ⋅ + 10 log x + ⋅ + +C = + + 10log x + +C
log10 2 10 2 11 log10 20 11
(ii) Let f ( x ) = ( x + 2 )( x − 1)( x + 5 )( x − 7 ) = ( x + 2 )( x − 1)  ( x + 5 )( x − 7 ) 

= ( x 2 + x − 2 )( x 2 − 2 x − 35 ) = x 4 + x 3 − 2 x 2 − 2 x3 − 2 x 2 + 4 x − 35 x 2 − 35 x + 70

= x 4 − x 3 − 39 x 2 − 31x + 70

∫ ( x + 2 )( x − 1)( x + 5)( x − 7 ) dx = ∫ ( x − x3 − 39 x 2 − 31x + 70 ) dx

4
∴

x5 x 4 39 3 31 2 x5 x 4 31
= − − x − x + 70 x + C = − − 13 x 3 − x 2 + 70 x + C
5 4 3 2 5 4 2
2
 1  1 
(iii) Let f ( x ) =  x +  ( x − 7 ) =  x 2 + 2 + 2  ( x − 7 )
 x  x 
1 7 1
= x3 − 7 x 2 + − 2 + 2 x − 14 = x3 − 7 x 2 + 2 x + − 7 x −2 − 14
x x x
 1
2
  1 
∴ ∫  x +  ( x − 7 )  dx = ∫  x3 − 7 x 2 + 2 x + − 7 x −2 − 14  dx
 x   x 
x4  x3   x2   x −1 
= − 7   + 2   + log x − 7   − 14 x + C
4  3  2  −1 
x4 7 3 7
= − x + x 2 + log x + − 14 x + C
4 3 x
x 2 + 3x + 4 x 2 3x 4
(iv) Let f ( x ) = = + + = x3/ 2 + 3 x1/ 2 + 4 x −1/ 2
x x x x
x2 + 3x + 4
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ ( x3/ 2 + 3x1/ 2 + 4 x −1/ 2 ) dx
x
x 5/ 2 x3/ 2 x1/ 2 2
= + 3. + 4. + C = x 5/ 2 + 2 x 3/ 2 + 8 x1/ 2 + C
5/ 2 3/ 2 1/ 2 5
3 3
 1   1  1  1 
( x)
3
(v) Let f ( x ) =  x −  = −  − 3 x.  x− 
 x  x x x
3
= x3/ 2 − x −3/ 2 − 3 x + = x3/ 2 − x −3/ 2 − 3 x1/ 2 + 3 x −1/ 2
x
3
 1 
∴ ∫ x −  dx = ∫ ( x − x − 3x1/ 2 + 3x −1/ 2 ) dx
3/ 2 −3/ 2

 x
x 5/ 2 x −1/ 2 x3/ 2 x1/ 2 2
= − − 3. + 3. + C = x 5/ 2 + 2 x −1/ 2 − 2 x3/ 2 + 6 x1/ 2 + C
5 / 2 −1/ 2 3/ 2 1/ 2 5

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10 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(vi) ∫ (e
x log a
(
+ e a log x + e a log a ) dx = ∫ elog a + elog x + elog a dx
x a a

)
ax x a +1
= ∫ ( a x + x a + a a ) dx = +
log a a + 1
(
+ a a x + C. ∵ elog k = k )
x 3 + 4 x 2 − 3 x − 14 ( x + 2) ( x2 + 2 x − 7)
27. (i) ∫ dx = ∫ dx = ∫ ( x 2 + 2 x − 7 ) dx
( x + 2) ( x + 2)
x3  x2  1
= ∫ x dx + 2 ∫ xdx − 7 ∫ dx = + 2   − 7 x + C = x3 + x 2 − 7 x + C
2

3 2 3

x3 − 1 ( x − 1) ( x 2 + x + 1)
(ii) ∫ x −1 dx = ∫ ( x − 1)
dx, x ≠ 1

x3 x 2
= ∫ ( x 2 + x + 1) dx = ∫ x 2 dx + ∫ xdx + ∫ dx = + + x+C
3 2
(x − 4)
2 2
x 4 + 16 − 8 x 2 x4 16 8x2
(iii) ∫ dx = ∫ dx = ∫ dx + ∫ dx − ∫ dx
x x x x x
7
+1  − 1 +1   3 +1 
x 2  x 2   x2 
= ∫ x 7 / 2 dx + 16 ∫ x −1/ 2 dx − 8∫ x3/ 2 dx = + 16  −8 +C
7 1  3 
+1  − + 1  + 1 
2  2  2 
2 9/2 16
= x + 32 x − x 5/ 2 + C
9 5
x6 − 1 x6 + 1 − 2 x6 + 1 1
(iv) ∫ x2 + 1 ∫ x2 + 1
dx = dx = ∫ x 2 + 1 dx − 2∫ x 2 + 1 dx
=∫
(x 2
+ 1)( x 4 − x 2 + 1)
dx − 2 ∫
1
dx = ∫ ( x 4 − x 2 + 1) dx − 2 ∫
1
dx
2 2
x +1 1+ x 1 + x2
1 x5 x 3
= ∫ x 4 dx − ∫ x 2 dx + ∫ dx − 2 ∫ 2
dx = − + x − 2 tan −1 x + C
+
1 x 5 3
28. (i) 1 dx (To make the coefficient of x 2 unity)
∫ 9 − 25 x 2
dx = ∫
 9 
25  − x 2 
 25 
1 dx  dx 
= ∫ ∫ 2 form 
5  3 2  a − x2 
2
  −x
5
1  x  1 −1  5 x 
= sin −1   + C = sin   + C.
5  3/ 5  5  3 
1 1 dx 1 dx  dx 
(ii) ∫ 2
∫ 9x2 − 4
dx =
3∫ 4
=
3∫ 2
 x −a
2
form 

x2 − 2
9 x2 −  
3

1 4 1 3x + 9 x 2 − 4
= log x + x 2 − + C = log +C
3 9 3 3
1 1 1
= log 3 x + 9 x 2 − 4 − log 3 + C = log 3 x + 9 x 2 − 4 + C ′
3 3 3

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 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 11
1
(Here we have replaced the constant − log 3 + C by another constant C ′ )
3
1 1 1 1  x+4
(iii) ∫ 2 dx = ∫ 2 dx = ∫ dx = tan −1   + C.
( x + 4) + 2
2 2 2
x + 8 x + 20 x + 8 x + 4 + 20 − 4 2
2  2 
1 1 1
(iv) ∫ ( x + 1)( x + 5) dx = ∫ dx = ∫ dx
2
x + 6x + 5 (x 2
+ 6x + 9) + (5 − 9)
1
( x + 3)
2
=∫ dx = log x + 3 + − 22 + C = log x + 3 + x 2 + 6 x + 5 + C.
( x + 3)
2 2
−2
1 1 1 1
29. (i) ∫ 2x2 + 1
dx = ∫
 1
dx =
2∫ 1
2
dx
2  x2 +  x +
 2 2

1 1 1 1
= log x + x 2 + + C = log 2x + 2x2 + 1 − log 2 + C
2 2 2 2
1 1
= log 2 x + 2 x 2 + 1 +C’ (here we change − log 2 + C as C’)
2 2
1 1 2x + 3 + 2 x −1
(ii) ∫ 2x + 3 − 2x −1
dx = ∫
2x + 3 − 2x −1
.
2x + 3 + 2 x −1
dx

=∫
2x + 3 + 2x −1
2 x + 3 − ( 2 x − 1)
1
4
1/ 2
{
dx = ∫ ( 2 x + 3) + ( 2 x − 1) dx
1/ 2
}
 
1  ( 2 x + 3) ( 2 x − 1) 
3/ 2 3/ 2
1
+ C = {( 2 x + 3) + ( 2 x − 1) } + C.
3/ 2 3/ 2
=  + 
4  3 × 2` 3
×2 
12
 2 2 
1 x −1 1 ( x − 1)( x − 1) dx = 1 . x −1
(iii) ∫x x +1
dx = ∫
x ( x + 1)( x − 1) ∫x x2 − 1
dx

1 x 1 1 1
=∫ . dx − ∫ dx = ∫ dx − ∫ dx.
x x2 − 1 x x2 − 1 x2 − 1 x x2 −1
= log x + x 2 − 1 − sec −1 x + C.

x4  3 1  x4 x2 x2
30. (i) ∫ dx = ∫  x − x + x − 1 +
2
 dx = − + − x + log x + 1 + C
x +1  x +1 4 3 2

x4 + x2 − 1 1 x
2
(x 2
+ 1) − 1 1  2 1  1  x3 
(ii) ∫
2 ( x 2 + 1)
dx =
2∫ x2 + 1
dx = ∫
2 
 x − 2 
x +1 
dx = 
2 3
− tan −1 x  + C.


1  1   ax + b + ax + c 
31. (i) ∫ ax + b − ax + c
dx = ∫    dx
 ax + b − ax + c   ax + b + ax + c 
ax + b + ax + c 1
=∫
( ax + b ) − ( ax + c )
dx =
b−c ∫
( ax + b + ax + c dx )
1  ( ax + b ) ( ax + c ) 
3/ 2 3/ 2
2 ( ax + b )3/ 2 + ( ax + c )3/ 2  + C
=  + +C =
b − c  ( 3 / 2 ) .a ( 3 / 2 ) .a  3a ( b − c )  

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12 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
x (1 + x ) − 1 dx =  1 + x − 1  dx =  1 + x 1/ 2 − 1 + x −1/ 2  dx
(ii) ∫ 1+ x
dx = ∫
1+ x ∫  1 + x 1 + x  ∫ ( ) ( ) 
(1 + x ) − (1 + x )
3/ 2 1/ 2
2
(1 + x ) − 2 (1 + x ) + C.
3/ 2 1/ 2
= +C =
( 3 / 2 ) .1 (1/ 2 ) .1 3
1  1 1 + sin x  1 + sin x
32. (i) ∫ 1 − sin x dx = ∫  1 − sin x .1 + sin x  dx = ∫ cos 2 x
dx

= ∫ ( sec2 x + sec x tan x ) dx = tan x + sec x + C

x x x x
(ii) ∫ 1 + sin x dx = ∫ sin 2
2
+ cos 2 + 2sin cos dx
2 2 2
2
 x x  x x − cos x / 2 sin x / 2  x x
=∫  sin + cos  dx = ∫  sin + cos  dx = + + C = 2  sin − cos  + C
 2 2  2 2 1/ 2 1/ 2  2 2

π 
Alternatively : ∫ 1 + sin x dx = ∫ 1 + cos  − x  dx
2 
π x  π x
= ∫ 2 cos 2  −  dx = 2 ∫ cos  −  dx
 4 2  4 2
π x 
sin  − 
= 2  4 2  + C = −2 2  sin π cos x − cos π sin x  + C
 
−1/ 2  4 2 4 2
 1 x 1 x  x x
= −2 2  cos − sin  + C = 2  sin − cos  + C
 2 2 2 2  2 2

π 
1 − cos  − x 
(iii) tan −1 1 − sin x = tan −1 2 
1 + sin x π 
1 + cos  + x 
2 

π x 
2sin 2  − 
= tan −1  4 2  = tan −1  tan  π − x   = π − x
  
π x   4 2  4 2
2 cos 2  − 
 4 2
1 − sin x π x π 1  x2  π x2
∫ tan dx = ∫  −  dx = x −   + C = x − + C
−1
∴
1 + sin x  4 2 4 2 2  4 4

(iv) ∫ sin x 1 + cos 2 x dx = ∫ sin x ⋅ 2 cos 2 x dx

2 1
= 2 ∫ sin x cos x dx = ∫ 2 sin x cos x dx = ∫ sin 2 x dx
2 2
1  cos 2 x  1
= − +C = − cos 2 x + C
2 2  2 2
−1  sin 2 x  −1  2sin x cos x  x2
∫  1 − cos 2 x  ∫  2sin 2 x  ∫ ( ) ∫
−1
33. (i) cot dx = cot dx = cot cot x dx = xdx = +C
2
   2sin 2 x  x2
(ii) ∫ tan −1  1 − cos 2 x  dx = ∫ tan −1  dx = ∫ ( ) ∫
tan −1
tan x dx = xdx = +C
   2 cos 2 x  2
 1 + cos 2 x   

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 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 13

 2 tan x  x2
34. (i) ∫ sin −1  2 
dx = ∫ sin −1 ( sin 2 x )dx = ∫ 2 xdx = 2 + C = x2 + C
 1 + tan x  2
 2 x 
 1 − cos x   2sin 2 
(ii) ∫ tan ( cosec x − cot x )dx = ∫ tan 
−1
dx = ∫ tan 
−1 −1
dx
 sin x  x x
 2sin cos 
 2 2
 x x 1 x2 x2
= ∫ tan −1  tan  dx = ∫ dx = . + C = + C
 2 2 2 2 4
 2 x 
 1 + cos x   2 cos 2 
(iii) ∫ tan −1
( cosec x + cot x )dx = ∫ tan  −1
 dx = ∫ tan 
−1
x x
dx
 sin x   2sin cos 
 2 2
 x  π x  π x  π x2
= ∫ tan −1  cot dx = ∫ tan −1  tan  −  dx = ∫  − dx = x − + C
 2   2 2   2 2 2 4
cot x cos x cos x (1 + cos x)
35. (i) ∫ dx = ∫ dx = ∫ 2
dx = ∫ ( cosec x cot x + cot 2 x )dx
cos ec x − cot x 1 − cos x sin x
= ∫ ( cosec x cot x + cosec 2 x − 1)dx = − cosec x − cot x − x + C
cosec x 1 1 + cos x
∫ cosec x − cot x dx ∫ 1 − cos x dx = ∫ ∫ ( cosec x + cosec x cot x )dx
2
(ii) = dx =
sin 2 x
− cot x − cosec x + C
36. (i) Let I = ∫ (2 tan x − 3cot x ) 2 dx

Now (2 tan x − 3cot x)2 = 4 tan 2 x + 9 cot 2 x − 12 = 4 sec 2 x + 9 cos ec 2 x − 25.

∴ I = ∫ ( 4sec 2 x + 9 cosec 2 x − 25 )dx = 4 tan x − 9 cot x − 25 x + C
3
 3/2 2 x 1 +1

∫  ∫ ∫ ( )  =
 x 1
3/ 2 2
(ii) x − cos  dx = ∴ I = x dx − 1 + cos x dx − [ x + sin x ] + C
2 2  3
+1 2
2
5
2 x sin x
= x − − 2
+C
5 2 2
∫ (e + 3cos x − 4 x 3 + 2 ) dx = ∫ e x dx + 3∫ cos x dx − 4 ∫ x3 dx + 2 ∫ 1. dx
x
37. (i)

x4
= e x + 3sin x − 4. + 2 x + C = e x + 3sin x − x 4 + 2 x + C
4

∫(x + a x + e x a x + sin a ) dx = ∫ x3 dx + ∫ a x dx + ∫ ( ea ) dx + sin a ∫ 1. dx

3 x
(ii)

( ea )
x
x4 ax x4 ax exa x
= + + + ( sin a ) x + C = + + + x sin a + C
4 log a log ea 4 log a 1 + log a
1 dx dx
(iii) ∫ sin 2 2
x cos x
dx = 4 ∫
( 2sin x cos x )
2
= 4∫ 2
sin 2 x
= 4 ∫ cosec2 2 x dx

4 ( − cot 2 x )
= + C = −2 cot 2 x + C
2
sin 3 x + cos3 x  sin 3 x cos3 x 
(iv) ∫ sin 2 x cos 2 x dx = ∫  sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x  dx
+

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14 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
 sin x cos x 
= ∫ +  dx = ∫ ( sec x tan x + cosec x cot x ) dx
 cos x cos x sin x sin x 
= sec x + ( −cosec x ) + C = sec x − cosec x + C.

 1 − cos 2 x  2sin 2 x
38. (i) ∫   dx = ∫ 2 cos2 x dx ∵ cos 2 A = 1 − 2sin 2 A = 2 cos 2 A − 1
 1 + cos 2 x 
= ∫ tan 2 xdx = ∫ ( sec2 x − 1) dx ∵ 1 + tan 2 A = sec2 A

= ∫ sec 2 xdx − ∫ dx = tan x − x + C

cos 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x

(ii) ∫ cos2 x sin 2 x dx = ∫ cos2 x sin 2 x dx ∵ cos 2 A = cos 2 A − sin 2 A

 1 1 
= ∫ 2 −  dx = ∫ ( cosec x − sec x ) dx
2 2
2
 sin x cos x 
= ∫ cosec 2 xdx − ∫ sec2 xdx = − cot x − tan x + C

1 + x + x2  1 1  1
39. ∫ x 2 (1 + x ) dx = ∫  x 2 + 1 + x  dx = − x + log 1 + x + C
( x 2 + 1) − x 2
2
x4 + x2 + 1
40. Let I = ∫ 2 =∫ dx
x − x +1 ( x 2 − x + 1)
=∫
(x 2
+ 1 − x )( x 2 + 1 + x )
dx = ∫ ( x 2 + x + 1) dx =
x3 x 2
+ + x+C
(x 2
− x + 1) 3 2

sin 3 − cos3 x  sin x cos x 

41. ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx = ∫  cos2 x − sin 2 x  dx
= ∫ ( tan x sec x − cot x cosec x ) dx = sec x + cosec x + C

5 cos 3 x + 6 sin 3 x  5cos3 x 6sin 3 x 

42. ∫ 2 sin 2 x cos2 x dx = ∫  2sin 2 x cos2 x 2sin 2 x cos2 x  dx
+

5  5
= ∫  cot x cosec x + 3 tan x sec x  dx = − cosecx + 3sec x + C
2  2
sin x sin x 1 − sin x sin x (1 − sin x ) sin x − sin 2 x
43. ∫ 1 + sin x ∫ 1 + sin x 1 − sin x
dx = ⋅ dx = ∫ 1 − sin 2 x dx = ∫ cos2 x dx
sin x sin 2 x 1 sin x
=∫ 2
dx − ∫ 2
dx = ∫ ⋅ dx − ∫ tan 2 xdx
cos x cos x cos x cos x
= ∫ sec x tan xdx − ∫ ( sec 2 x − 1) dx = ∫ sec x tan xdx − ∫ sec 2 xdx + ∫ dx = sec x − tan x + x + C

44. ∫ 1 − sin 2x dx = ∫ ( cos 2

x + sin 2 x − 2sin x cos x ) dx ∵ cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1

( cos x − sin x ) dx = ∫ ( cos x − sin x ) dx

2
=∫

= ∫ cos xdx − ∫ sin xdx = sin x − ( − cos x ) + C = sin x + cos x + C

5 x 4 + 12 x3 + 7 x 2 x 2 ( 5 x 2 + 12 x + 7 ) x 2 ( 5 x + 7 )( x + 1)
45. ∫ dx = ∫ dx = ∫ = ∫ x ( 5 x + 7 ) dx
x2 + x x ( x + 1) x ( x + 1)

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 x3  7 x2 5 7
= ∫ 5 x 2 dx + ∫ 7 x dx = 5∫ x 2 dx + 7 ∫ x dx = 5   + + C = x3 + x2 + C
 3 2 3 2
tan x tan x ( sec x − tan x )
46. ∫ sec x + tan x dx = ∫ ( sec x + tan x )( sec x − tan x ) dx
tan x sec x − tan 2 x tan x sec x − tan 2 x
=∫ dx = ∫ dx ∵ sec 2 x − tan 2 x = 1
sec 2 x − tan 2 x 1
= ∫ tan x sec xdx − ∫ tan 2 xdx = ∫ sec x tan xdx − ∫ ( sec 2 x − 1) dx

= ∫ sec x tan xdx − ∫ sec 2 xdx + ∫ dx = sec x − tan x + x + C

1
47. ∫ sin 2 x sin 3x dx =
2∫
2sin 3 x sin 2 x dx

1
cos ( 3 x − 2 x ) − cos ( 3 x + 2 x )  dx ∵ 2 sin A sin B = cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) 
2∫
=

1 1 1
= ∫ [ cos x − cos 5 x ] dx = ∫ cos xdx − ∫ cos 5 x dx
2 2 2
1 1 sin 5 x sin x sin 5 x
= ⋅ sin x − ⋅ +C = − +C
2 2 5 2 10
 3 3 
∴ ∫ ( x + 2 )  2
x − 1  ( x 2 − 2 x + 4 ) ( x − 1)
48.   dx = ∫ ( x + 2 ) dx
  x − 2x + 4  ( x2 − 2x + 4)
x3 x 2
= ∫ ( x + 2 )( x − 1)  dx = ∫ ( x 2 + x − 2 ) dx = + − 2x + C
3 2
cos 2 x − sin 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x
49. ∫ 1 + cos 4 x dx = ∫ 2 cos2 2 x dx
cos 2 x 1 x
=∫ dx = ∫ dx = +C
2 cos 2 x 2 2
1 + sin x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x
50. ∫ 1 − sin x dx = ∫ 1 − sin x . 1 + sin x dx
(1 + sin x )
2
1 + sin 2 x + 2sin x  1 sin 2 x sin x 
=∫ 2
1 − sin x
dx = ∫ cos x2
dx = ∫  2
+
 cos x cos x
2
+2  dx
cos 2 x 

= ∫ ( sec2 x + tan 2 x + 2 tan x sec x ) dx = ∫ ( sec2 x + sec 2 x − 1 + 2 tan x sec x ) dx

= ∫ ( 2sec 2 x − 1 + 2sec x tan x ) dx = 2 ∫ sec 2 x dx − ∫ dx + 2 ∫ sec x tan x dx

= 2 tan x − x + 2sec x + C
−1  1 − tan x 
2
 1 − tan 2 A 
∫  dx = ∫ cos ( cos 2x ) dx
−1
51. cos  2 ∵ cos 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A 
 1 + tan x   
 x2 
= ∫ 2x dx = 2∫ x dx = 2   + C = x 2 + C
2
Now, sin 6 x + cos 6 x = ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) − 3sin 2 x cos 2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x )
3
52.
3
= 1 − 3sin 2 x cos 2 x = 1 −
4
( 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x )

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3 3  1 − cos 4 x  1 1
= 1 − ( sin 2 2 x ) = 1 −   = [8 − 3 + 3cos 4 x ] = [5 + 3cos 4 x ]
4 4 2  8 8
1 1 1 3sin 4 x 
∴ ∫ ( sin 6 x + cos 6 x ) dx = ∫ ( 5 + 3cos 4 x ) dx = ∫ ( 5 + 3cos 4 x ) dx =  5 x +  + C.
8 8 8 4 
cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x + 2sin 2 x
53. ∫ cos2 x dx = ∫ cos 2 x
dx

cos 2 x + sin 2 x 1
=∫ 2
dx = ∫ 2
dx = ∫ sec 2 x dx = tan x + C
cos x cos x
(a + bx )
x 2
a 2 x + b 2 x + 2a x b x
54. ∫ dx = ∫ dx
a xb x a xb x
x x
a b
 ax bx   a   b    
x
 
x

= ∫  x + x + 2  dx = ∫    +   + 2  dx =  b  +  a  + 2 x + C
b a   b   a   a b
  log e   log e  
b a
1
Let I = ∫ sin 3 x cos 5 x dx =
2∫
55. 2 cos 5 x sin 3 x dx

1 1 1  cos8 x  1  cos 2 x 
= ∫ ( sin 8 x − sin 2 x ) dx =  ∫ sin 8 x dx − ∫ sin 2 x dx  =  − − − +C
2 2   2 8  2 2 
cos8 x cos 2 x
=− + +C …(1)
16 4
cos 0 cos 0 1 1 −1 + 4 3
Given when x = 0, I = 0 ∴ 0 = − + +C = − + +C = +C = +C ,
16 4 16 4 16 16
3
∴ C=−
16
56. (i) Using long division method, we have
x3  2 −1  x3 x 2
∫ x + 1 dx = ∫  x − x + 1 + x + 1  dx = 3 − 2 + x − log x + 1 + C
x3 x2 − x + 1
Alternatively : ∫ dx
x +1 x + 1 x3
x3 + x 2
=∫
(x 3
+ 1) − 1
dx = ∫
( x + 1) ( x 2 − x + 1) − 1 − −
x +1 x +1 − x2
− x2 − x
 1  + +
= ∫ ( x 2 − x + 1) −  dx
 x + 1 x
x +1
x3 x 2 − −
= − + x − log x + 1 + C −1
3 2
x2  1 
(ii) ∫ 1 − x dx = ∫  − x − 1 + 1 − x  dx − x + 1 x2
x2 log 1 − x x2 − x
=− −x+ +C − +
2 −1 x
x −1
 x2  − +
= −  + x + log 1 − x  + C
 x  1

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 ad 
 b−
(iii) ∫
ax + b
dx = ∫  +
a c  dx

cx + d  c cx + d 
  a
ad c
b− cx + d ax + b
a c dx
= ∫ dx + ad
c ( cx + d ) ax +
− − c
a bc − ad 1 ad
= ∫ dx +
c ∫ cx + d
dx b−
c c
a bc − ad log cx + d
= x+ ⋅ +C
c c c
a bc − ad
= x+ log cx + d + C
c c2
x 1 + cos x  1 + cos 2θ 
57. (i) ∫ cos 2 dx = ∫ dx ∵ cos 2θ = 2 cos θ − 1 ⇒ cos θ =
2 2

2 2  2 
1
= ( x + sin x ) + C
2
(ii) We have sin 3 x = 3sin x − 4sin 3 x.
3 1
⇒ 4 sin 3 x = 3sin x − sin 3 x ⇒ sin 3 x = sin x − sin 3 x.
4 4
3 1  3 1  cos 3 x  3 1
∴ ∫ sin 3 x dx = ∫  sin x − sin 3 x  dx = ( − cos x ) −  −  + C = − cos x + cos 3 x + C
4 4  4 4 3  4 12
2
 1 + cos 2 x  1
(iii) cos x = ( cos x )  = (1 + cos 2 x + 2 cos 2 x )
4 2 2 2
=
 2  4
1  1 + cos 4 x  13 1  3 1 1
= 1 + + 2 cos 2 x  =  + cos 4 x + 2 cos 2 x  = + cos 4 x + cos 2 x
4 2  42 2  8 8 2
3 1 1 
∫ cos x dx = ∫  + cos 4 x + cos 2 x  dx
4
∴
8 8 2 
3 1 sin 4 x 1 sin 2 x 3 1 1
= x+ . + . + C = x + sin 4 x + sin 2 x + C
8 8 4 2 2 8 32 4
1 1
( 2 sin x cos x ) dx = ∫ sin 4 2 x dx
4
(iv) ∫ sin 4 x cos 4 x dx = ∫
16 16
2
1  1 − cos 4 x  1
= ∫
16  2
 dx =
 64 ∫ (1 + cos 2 4 x − 2 cos 4 x ) dx

1  1 + cos8 x  1 3 1 
= ∫
64 
1 +
2
− 2 cos 4 x  dx =

∫  + cos 8 x − 2 cos 4 x  dx
64  2 2 
1 3 1 1 
=  x + sin 8 x − sin 4 x  + C
64  2 16 2 
sin 8 x − cos8 x
(v) Let I = ∫
1 − 2sin 2 x cos 2 x

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Now,
sin 8 x − cos8 x
=
( sin x − cos4 x )( sin 4 x + cos4 x )
4

1 − 2sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 − 2sin 2 x cos 2 x

=
( sin 2
(
x + cos 2 x )( sin 2 x − cos 2 x ) ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) − 2sin 2 x . cos 2 x
2
)
1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
1. ( − cos 2 x ) (1 − 2sin 2 x cos 2 x )
= = − cos 2 x
1 − 2sin 2 cos 2 x
sin 2 x
∴ I = ∫ − cos 2 x dx = − + C.
2
1 1
58. (i) ∫ sin 4 x cos 7 x dx = ∫ 2 cos 7 x sin 4 x dx = ∫ ( sin ( 7 x + 4 x ) dx − sin ( 7 x − 4 x ) ) dx
2 2
1 1 cos11x cos 3 x  cos 3 x cos11x
= ∫ ( sin11x − sin 3x ) dx =  − + +C = − +C
2 2 11 3  6 22
1
(ii) ∫ sin mx sin nx dx =
2∫
2sin mx sin nx dx

1 1
=
2 ∫ ( cos ( mx − nx ) − cos ( mx + nx ) ) dx = ∫ ( cos ( m − n ) x − cos ( m + n ) x ) dx
2
1  sin ( m − n ) x sin ( m + n ) x 
=  − +C [∵ m ≠ n ⇒ m − n ≠ 0]
2 m−n m+n 
1 1
(iii) cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x = ( 2 cos 4 x cos 2 x ) cos 6 x = ( cos 6 x + cos 2 x ) cos 6 x
2 2
1 1
=
2
( cos 2 6 x + cos 2 x cos 6 x ) = ( 2 cos 2 6 x + 2 cos 6 x cos 2 x )
4
1 1
=
4
( (1 + cos12 x ) + ( cos 8 x + cos 4 x ) ) = (1 + cos 4 x + cos8 x + cos12 x )
4
1
∴ ∫ cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x dx = ∫ (1 + cos 4 x + cos8 x + cos12 x ) dx
4
1 sin 4 x sin 8 x sin12 x 
= x+ + +  + C.
4 4 8 12 
1 1
59. ∫ sin x sin 2 x sin 3x dx = 2 ∫ ( 2 sin 2 x sin x ) sin 3x dx = 2 ∫ ( cos x − cos 3x ) sin 3x dx
1 1
= ∫ 2 sin 3 x cos x dx − ∫ 2 cos 3 x sin 3 x dx  =  ∫ ( sin 4 x + sin 2 x ) dx − ∫ sin 6 x dx 
4   4 

1 1  cos 4 x  cos 2 x   cos 6 x  

= ∫ sin 4 x dx + ∫ sin 2 x dx − ∫ sin 6 x dx  =  − +− −−  +C
4   4 4  2   6  
cos 4 x cos 2 x cos 6 x
=− − + +C
16 8 24

( sin 2 x ) + ( cos 2 x )
3 3
sin 6 x + cos 6 x
60. We have I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx
sin 2 x ⋅ cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x

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( sin x + cos 2 x ) − 3sin 2 x cos 2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x )

2 3

dx ∵ ( a ) + ( b ) = ( a + b ) − 3ab ( a + b ) 
3 3 3
=∫ 2
sin x cos x 2  

1 − 3sin 2 x cos 2 x  1   sin 2 x + cos 2 x 

=∫ 2 2
dx = ∫ 2 2
− 3  dx ∫ 
= 2 2
− 3  dx
sin x cos x  sin x cos x   sin x cos x 
 1 1 
= ∫ 2
+ 2 − 3  dx = ∫ ( sec2 x + cosec2 x − 3)dx
 cos x sin x 
Hence, I = tan x − cot x − 3 x + C
3sin θ − sin 3θ
61. ∵ sin 3θ = 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ ∴ sin 3 θ =
4
x 3sin x − sin 3 x x
Now, ∫ sin 3 x cos dx = ∫ ⋅ cos dx
2 4 2
3 x 1 x 3 x 1 x
=
4 ∫ sin x cos dx − ∫ sin 3 x cos dx = ∫ 2sin x cos dx − ∫ 2 sin 3 x cos dx
2 4 2 8 2 8 2
3  3x x 1 7x 5x 
= ∫  sin + sin dx −  sin + sin  dx ∵ 2 sin A cos B = sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A − B ) 
8  2 2 8 2 2 
3 3x 3 x 1 7x 1 5x
=
8 ∫ sin dx + ∫ sin dx − ∫ sin dx − ∫ sin dx
2 8 2 8 2 8 2
       

3 cos 3x / 2  3  cos x / 2 1 cos 7 x / 2 1 cos 5 x / 2 
   
= −  + ⋅ − − − − − +C
8 3 1  8 7 5
 8     8 
 2   2   2   2 
1 3x 3 x 1 7x 1 5x
= − cos − cos + cos + cos + C
4 2 4 2 28 2 20 2

 cos 2 x − cos 2α  ( 2 cos 2 x − 1) − ( 2 cos 2 α − 1)

62. ∫  cos x − cos α  dx = ∫
 ( cos x − cos α )
dx ∵ cos 2 2 A = 2 cos 2 A − 1

= 2∫
cos 2 x − cos 2 α
dx = 2 ∫
( cos x − cos α )( cos x + cos α ) dx ∵ a 2 − b 2 = ( a − b )( a + b ) 
cos x − cos α ( cos x − cos α )
= 2 ∫ ( cos x + cos α ) dx = 2  ∫ cos x dx + cos α ∫ dx  = 2 sin x + ( cos α ) x  + C
 
= 2 sin x + 2 x cos α + C
 x 2 + sin 2 x  2  x 2 + 1 − cos 2 x  2
63. ∫  1 + x 2  sec x dx = ∫  1 + x 2  sec x dx ∵ sin 2 x = 1 − cos 2 x 

 1 + x2 cos 2 x sec2 x  1
= ∫ 2
sec 2
x − 2  dx = ∫ sec x dx − ∫
2
2
dx = tan x − tan −1 x + C.
 1+ x 1+ x  1+ x

 1 sin x  −1  1 + sin x 
∫ tan ( sec x + tan x ) dx = ∫ tan  dx = ∫ tan 
−1 −1
64.  +  dx
 cos x cos x   cos x 

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20 (BOARD LEVEL, XII BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
 π   2 1  π  
 1 − cos  + x    2 sin   + x   
 2  −1   2 2   dx
= ∫ tan 
−1
 dx = ∫ tan
 sin  π + x    1  π  1  π  
 
2

   2 sin  2  2 + x   cos  2  2 + x   
       

 1  π   1 π  π 1 π x2
= ∫ tan  tan   + x   dx = ∫  + x  dx = ∫ dx + ∫ x dx = x + + C
−1

 2  2   2 2  4 2 4 4

81+ x + 41− x 23+ 3 x + 2 2 − 2 x  23+3 x 22− 2 x 

65. ∫ 2x dx = ∫ 2x dx = ∫  2 x + 2 x  dx

22 x 2 −3 x 2 2 x + 2 22 −3 x
= ∫ 23+ 2 x dx + ∫ 22 −3 x dx = 23 ∫ 22 x dx + 22 ∫ 2−3 x dx = 8. + 4. +C = − +C
2 log 2 −3log 2 log 2 3log 2
66. We know that a log x = x log a

( )
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get, log a log x = log x log a ( )
⇒ log x log a = log a log x, which is true

log x log a x log a +1 x1+ log a

∴ ∫ a dx = ∫ x dx =
log a + 1
+C =
1 + log a
+ C.

1
67. Given f ′ ( x ) = e x + 2
. Integrate both side w.r.t. x we get, f ( x ) = e x + tan −1 x + C
1+ x
Given at x = 0 , f ( x ) = 1 ⇒ f ( 0 ) = ( e ) + tan −1 ( 0 ) + C ⇒ 1 = 1+ 0 + C ⇒ C = 0

∴ f ( x ) = e x + tan −1 x

1 x2 1
68. Given f ′ ( x ) = x − . Integrate both side w.r.t. x we get, f ( x ) = + +C
x2 2 x
1 1
Now, given at x = 1, f ( x ) = ⇒ f (1) = +1+ C
2 2
1 3 1 3 −2 x2 1
⇒ = +C ⇒C= − = = −1 ∴ f ( x) = + −1 .
2 2 2 2 2 2 x
x4
69. Given f '( x) = 4 x3 − 6 and f (0) = 3 ∴ f ( x) = ∫ (4 x3 − 6) dx = 4 − 6 x + C = x 4 − 6 x + C.
4
Now f (0) = 3 ⇒ 04 − 6 × 0 + C = 3 ⇒C =3 ∴ f ( x) = x 4 − 6 x + 3.
70. Given f '( x) = a sin x + b cos x.
f '(0) = 4 ⇒ a × 0 + b × 1 = 4 ⇒ b = 4.

∴ f '( x) = a sin x + 4 cos x. ∴ f ( x) = ∫ (a sin x + 4 cos x) dx = − a cos x + 4 sin x + C

Now f (0) = 3 ⇒ − a + C = 3 …….(1)

π 
And f   = 5 ⇒ − a × 0 + 4 × 1 + C = 5 ⇒ C = 1
2
From (1) − a + 1 = 3 ⇒ a = −2 ∴ f ( x) = − 2 cos x + 4sin x + 1

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