jpU.

gpughfud; mth;fspd; FLk;gg; gpd;dzpAk; rpWgpuhaKk;

aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;ij Mz;l kd;dh;fs; fhyj;jpYk;> mjw;Fg; gpd;dUk;
tl jkpoPoj;jpd; Kf;fpa JiwKfg;gl;bdq;fspy; xd;whfTk;> jkpof
Nfhbf;fiuf;Fk; tl jkpoPoj;jpw;Fk; ghykhfTk; fg;gNyhb> jpiufly;fspy;
jputpak; Ftpj;j kwth;fs; thOk; G+kpjhd; ty;ntl;bj;Jiw. jkpoPor;
rhpj;jpuj;jpy; ,t;T+h; mopahg; Gfiog; ngWfpwJ. fhuzk; ,q;Fjhd; jkpoPo
Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghiu kf;fs; MjuTld; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;ij Muk;gpj;jtUk; jkpoPoj;jpd; Njrpaj;
jiytuhf Nghw;wpg; Gfog;gLgtUkhd gpughfud; mth;fs; 1954 Mk; Mz;L
fhh;j;jpif jpq;fs; 26k; ehs; gpwe;jhh;. ty;ntl;bj;Jiwapy; gpugykhd
FLk;gk; ~jpUNkdpahh; FLk;gkhFk;~. ,f; FLk;gj;jpd; %jhijauhd
jpUNkdpahh; ntq;flhryk; vd;gth; mt;T+hpYs;s ty;it itj;jP];tud;
Nfhtpiyf; fl;bAk;> ty;it Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; Nfhapy;> nebafhL
gps;isahh; Nfhapy; ,uz;ilAk; fl;l cjtpAk; nra;jhh;. ,t;T+Uf;F
mUfpYs;s gUj;jpj;Jiwapy; nkj;ij tPl;L ehfypq;fk; vd;gthpd; FLk;gKk;
gy Nfhtpy;fisf; fl;bnaOg;gpa FLk;gk; MFk;. ,t;tpU FLk;gj;jpdUk;
jpUkz cwtpd; %yk; ,ize;jdh;. jpUNkdpahh; FLk;gj;jpy; Njhd;wpa jpU.
jpUNtq;flk; NtYg;gps;isAk;> ehfypq;fk; topj;Njhd;wpa ghh;tjpAk;
jpUkzj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;ldh;. ,th;fSf;Fg; gpwe;j filrpf;
Foe;ijNa gpughfud; mth;fs;. ,tUf;F xU mz;zDk; ,uz;L
mf;fhkhUk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mz;zDk; mf;fhkhh;fSk; jpUkzk; nra;J
tpl;lhh;fs;. gpughfud; mth;fspd; je;ij ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; khtl;lf;
fhzp mjpfhhpahfg; gy tUlq;fs; flik Ghpe;jth;.

gpughfud; mth;fs; jdJ fy;tpia ty;ntl;bj;Jiwapy; Chpf;fhL vDk;

,lj;pYs;s 'rpjk;guh fy;Yhhpapy;" 10k; tFg;G tiuapYk; fw;whh;. aho;g;
ghzj;jpy; me;ehl;fspy; nry;tk;kpf;f FLk;gq;fspy; gpwe;j gps;isfs;
Mq;fpyk; fw;gJk; ntspehLfSf;F Ntiyf;Fg; NghtJk; mur gzpfspy;
mkh;tJNk tho;tpd; ,yl;rpakhff; nfhs;tJ eilKiwahf ,Ue;J te;jd.
Mdhy; gpughfud; mth;fspd; rpe;jidNahl;lk; rpWtajpNyNa NtWtpjkhf
,Ue;jJ.
je;ijAld; ntspaplq;fSf;Fr; nry;Yk;NghJ rpq;fsf; fhtw;Jiwapdh;
mg;ghtpj; jkpoh;fis mbj;J ,k;rpg;gijAk; cijg;gijAk; fz;ljpdhy;
rpWtdhf ,Ue;j gpughfudpd; gpQ;R cs;sj;jpy; mjph;r;rpAk; NtjidAk;
Vw;gl;lJld; mitfNs Mokhd tLitAk; Vw;gLj;jptpl;ld. mjpYk;
Fwpg;ghfg; gpughfud; mth;fs; rpWtdhf ,Ue;jNghJ 1958 Mk; Mz;by;
ele;j KjyhtJ jkpod moptpy; epfo;e;j gaq;fu rk;gtq;fs; mth; kdjpy;
Mokhd ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jptpl;ld. rpq;fs ,dntwpauhy; vk;kf;fs;>
<tpuf;fkpy;yhJ nfh^ukhff; nfhy;yg;gl;l neQ;ir cWj;Jk; rk;gtq;fis
mth; Nfs;tpg;gl;lNjhL> mtUila ngw;NwhUf;F ed;F njhpe;j xU
tpjitj;jha; jdf;F Neh;e;j Jaur; rk;gtj;ijr; rpWtdhf ,Ue;j
gpughfuDf;Ff; $wpaNghJk; rpWth;fisf; nfhjpf;Fk; jhh;g; gPg;ghf;fspDs;
capUld; tPrpf; nfhd;w Nfhur; rk;gtq;fs;> ghze;Jiwapy; ,e;Jf; FU
xUth; capNuhL jP %l;b vhpf;fg;gl;l rk;gtk;> ,t;thW mehjuthd
mg;ghtpj; jkpoh;fs; vt;thnwy;yhk; nfh^ukhd jhf;FjYf;F cs;shfpd;wdh;
vd;gijnay;yhk; mth; mwpe;jNghJk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ Mo;e;j mDjhgKk;
md;Gk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; rpq;fs ,dntwp mikg;gpd; gpbf;Fs;spUf;Fk; jkpo;
kf;fis kPl;nlLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w cj;Ntfk; mth; kdjpy; cUthfpaJ.
epuhAjghzpfshd mg;ghtpj; jkpoh;fSf;nfjpuhf MAj typikiag;
gpuNahfpf;Fk; ,dntwp mikg;gpid MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; %yNk
vjph;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;W mth; Mokhf cWjpahf czh;e;jhh;.
,jdhy; gpughfud; mth;fs; gbf;Fk; rpWtdhf ,Ue;jNghJ mtUk;
mtUila ez;gh;fSk; Nrh;e;J iff;Fz;Lfisj; jahhpf;fg; gofpdhh;fs;.
xUKiw gpughfud; mth;fs; iff;Fz;Lfisj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ
vjph;ghuhjtpjkhff; Fz;L ntbj;J mtuJ fhypy; vhpfhak; Vw;gl;lJ.
kUj;Jt rpfpr;irf;Fg; gpd;dh; me;j ,lk; fUikahf khwpaJ. mjdhy;
~fhpfhyd;~ vd;Dk; GidngaUk; gpughfuDf;Fr; rpWtajpNyNa mike;jJ.

jkpo; khzth;fs; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia Kbj;jgpwF Nkw;gbg;Gf;Fr;

nry;y rpq;fs murpd; ~jug;gLj;jy; nfhs;if~ xU jilahf ,Ue;jJ. 10k;
tFg;GtiuapYk; gbj;j gpughfud; mth;fs; tpLjiyg; Nghuhspahfr;
nraw;glj; njhlq;fp tpl;ljdhy; gbg;igj; njhlutpy;iy.

gpughfud; mth;fspd; Nghf;F mtuJ ngw;NwhUf;Fg; Ghpatpy;iy. kfd;

Gul;rp ,af;fj;jpy; <Lgl;bUf;fpwhh; vd;gij mth;fs; mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk;
re;jh;g;gk; jhNd Njb te;jJ. xUKiw gpughfud; mth;fisj; Njb
fhtw;Jiwapdh; te;jdh;. mjpfhiy 3 kzpf;F mthpd; tPl;Lf; fjitj;
jl;bdh;. fjitj; jl;Lk; rj;jk; Nfl;lTlNdNa fhtw;Jiwapdh;
te;Jtpl;ldh; vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l gpughfud; mth;fs; ahUk; mwpahky;
jg;gptpl;lhh;. gpughfud; mth;fspd; jha; fjitj; jpwe;jNghJ Vuhskhd
fhtw;Jiwapdh; ,Ug;gijf; fz;L jpLf;fpl;Lg; Nghdhh;. Vndd;why;
gpughfud; mth;fs; ~,ufrpa ,af;fj;jpy;~ ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;w nra;jpia
mg;NghJ mth; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. tPL KOtJk; fhtw; Jiwapdh;
Nrhjidapl;ldh;. ,Wjpapy; gpughfud; mth;fisf; fz;L gpbf;f Kbahky;
fhtw; Jiwapdh; Vkhw;wj;Jld; jpUk;gpdh;. ,e;j epfo;r;rpf;Fg; gpwF
gpughfud; mth;fs; jd; tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gNt ,y;iy. gpughfud; mth;fs;
Gul;rp ,af;fj;jpy; <Lgl;bU f;fpwhh; vd;w nra;jpia mwpe;jNghJ mtuJ
je;ijahh; gpughfud; mth;fs; jq;fp- apUe;j ,lj;jpw;Nf nrd;W mtiu
tPl;bw;F mioj;Jte;jhh;. tPl;bw;F te;j gpughfud; mth;fs; jd; ngw;Nwhhplk;
gpd;tUkhW $wpdhh;. "cq;fSf;Nfh> FLk;gj;jpw;Nfh ehd; xUNghJk;
gad;glkhl;Nld;. vd;dhy; cq;fSf;F vj;jifa njhy;iyAk; Ntz;lhk;.
cd;id vd;Nghf;fpy; tpl;LtpLq;fs;. ,dp vjw;Fk; vd;id vjph;ghh;f;fhjPh;fs;"
vd;W $wptpl;L tPl;il tpl;L ntspNawpg; Ngha; ,ufrpa ,af;f Ntiyapy;
<Lglj; njhlq;fpdhh;.

Muk;gfhy Gul;rpj; Njhoh;fs;

gpughfud; mth;fspd; Gul;rpfug; Nghuhl;l tho;f;ifapd; Muk;gfhyj;
Njhoh;fs; mtuJ tho;f;ifapd; Muk;gfhyj; Njhoh;fs; mtuJ Cuhd
ty;ntl;bj; Jiwiar; Nrh;e;jthfshfTk; cwtpdh;fshfTNk ,Ue;jdh;.
,sk; gpuhaj;jpy; neUq;fpg; gofpath;fisf; nfhz;L xU Gul;rpfu
,af;fij;ij Muk;gpf;Fk;NghJ mJ mg;gbj;jhd; mikAk;. ,t;thW
miktJ jtph;f;f KbahjJ> ajhh;j;jkhdJ.

Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfs; ,af;fk; gpwe;jJ

1970Mk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhf Vtptplg;gl;l
fLikahd mlf;FKiwAk;> rfyJiwfspYk; jkpoh;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l
tpjKk;> jkpo; ,isQh;;fs; kj;jpapy; fLikahd vjph;g;Gzh;it
cUthf;fpapUe;jJ. rpq;fs ,d ntwp Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf VjhtJ nra;jhf
Ntz;Lnkd;W ,isQh;fs; Jbj;jdh;. jkpoh;fspd; fl;rpfNsh my;yJ kw;w
rpq;fs ,lJrhhp ,af;fq;fNsh ,e;j ,isQh;fspd; kdf;nfhjpg;ig Ghpe;J
nfhs;stpy;iy. fLikahd mlf;FKiwf;F cs;shfpapUf;Fk;
jkpoh;fSf;fhfg; Nghuhlr; rhpahd jiyth;fNsh> ,af;fq;fNsh ,y;iy
vd;W ,isQh;fs; fUjpdhh;fs;. 30 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf gy;NtW
tifahd mwg;Nghuhl;lq;fisj; jkpo;j; jiyth;fs; elj;jpapUe;j NghjpYk;
$l> ,yq;ifapd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpypUe;J mth;fs; xJf;fpNa itf;fg;
gl;bUe;jdh;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mth;fs; vOg;gpa FuYf;Fr; nrtprha;g;ghh;
ahUk; ,y;iy. fhdfj;jpy; fhhpUspy; vOg;gg;gl;l Fuyhf mit xypj;jd.
rpq;fs ,d ntwpf;F ,iuahfpg;Nghd ,lJrhjpf; fl;rpfSk; $l;Lr;Nrh;e;J
jkpoUf;F vjpuhfr; nraw;gl;ld. jkpoh;fspd; Nghuhl;lq;fis mth;fSk;
myl;rpak; nra;jdh;. vdNt jkpo; ,isQh;fs; ,lJrhhpf; fl;rpfis ek;gf;
nfhQ;rKk; jahuhf ,Uf;f tpy;iy.

,jd; tpisthfj; jkpo;g; gFjpapy; murpay; #dpaepiy xd;W

cUthapw;W. rpq;fs Nghpdthjpfspd; jkpo;j; Njrpa ,d xLf;FKiwf;F
vjpuhff; fpsh;e;njOe;J> Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;elj;jpr;
nry;yg; ~Gul;rpfukhd murpay; mikg;G~ xd;W ,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gijj;
jkpo; ,isQh;fs; czuj; njhlq;fpdhh;fs;.

,jdhy; ~jkpo; khzth; Nguit~ vd;w khzth; ,af;fk; 1970 Mk;

Mz;L Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. rpq;fs muR nfhz;Lte;j jug;gLj;jy; jpl;lj;jpw;F
vjpuhf khzth;fis xd;W jpul;b khngUk; Mh;g;ghl;lq;fisj; jkpo;
khzth; Nguit elhj;jpaJ. jkpo; khzth; kj;jpapy; khngUk; rf;jpahf
,g;Nguit tsh;e;jJ. MAjk; jhq;fpa Gul;rpapd; %yNk rpq;fs
,dntwpah;fspd; nfhLikfspy; ,Ue;J jkpoh;fs; tpLjiy ngwKbAk;
vd;gij nky;y nky;yj; jkpo; ,isQh;fs; czuj; njhlq;fpdh;.

jkpo; khzth;fs; Nguit gyk; nghUe;jpa ,af;fkhf tsh;e;jJ. ,jpy;

jPtputhjf; FOtpd; Kf;fpakhdtuhf gpughfud; mth;fs; ,aq;fpdhh;.
mf;FOtpy; tajpy; Fiwe;jtuhfg; gpughfud; mth;fs; ,Ue;jgbahy; ~jk;gp~
vd;w nry;yg; ngah; nfhz;L kw;wth;fshy; miof;g;gl;lhh;. (,d;Wk;
,g;ngah; nfhz;L gpughfud; mth;fis miog;gth;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;)
njhlf;f fhyj;jpy; iff;Fz;Lfs; nra;tjw;Fk; Jg;ghf;fpahy; RLtjw;Fk;
,th;fs; jhkhfNt gapw;rp ngw;wdh;. ,e;jj; jPtputhjf; FOtpy;
gpughfuDf;F neUf;fkhd ty;ntl;bj;Jiwiar; Nrh;e;j 25 NgUf;F
Nkw;gl;lNlhh; ,Ue;jdh;.

,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; murhq;fj;jpw;Fj; jq;fSila vjph;g;igj; njhptp;f;Fk;

tifapy; mur NgUe;J xd;iw vhpg;gJ vd;w Kbit NghWg;Ngw;Wf;
nfhz;L gpughfud; mth;fs; cl;gl ehd;FNgh; nrd;whh;fs;. Mdhy;
kw;wth;fs; %tUk; eLtpNyNa mr;rkpFjpahy; jpUk;gp Xb tpl;lhh;fs;. 16
taJr; rpWtdhf ,Ue;j gpughfud; mth;fs; kl;Lk; kdj;JzpTld; nrd;W
mur NgUe;ijf; nfhSj;jp tpl;Lj; jpUk;gp te;jhh;. gpughfudpd; ,e;jj;
JzpTk;> Mw;wYk; midtiuAk; fth;e;jd. mtiutpl taJ %j;jth;fs;
vy;NyhUk; mthpd; JzpitAk; nghWg;ngLj;j fhhpaj;ijAk; ghuhl;bdhh;fs;.
jkpo; jPtputhjj;jpd;> jkpo; jPtputhj ,af;fj;jpd; Kd;Ndhbahfj; Njhd;wpa
gpughfud; mth;fs; kPJ midtUf;Fk; ek;gpf;if Vw;gl;lJ.

mNj Neuj;jpy; jkpo; khzth; Nguitapd; eltbf;iffisf; ftdpj;J

te;j rpq;fs murhq;fk; mij xLf;Ftjw;F Kad;wJ. jkpo; khzth;
Nguit ,isQh;fs; rpyiuf; fhtw;Jiwapdh; ifJnra;J rpj;jputij
nra;jdh;. rpj;jputij jhq;fKbahky; mth;fspy; xUrpyh; jkJ rf
$l;lhspfisf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;Jtpl;lhh;fs;. rpq;fs fhtw;Jiwapd;
nfhLq;Nfhyh;fs; midtiuAk; rpiwapy; milj;J rpj;jputij nra;jdh;.
(,f; fhyj;jpy; nfhOg;gpypUe;j 4k; khb vd;w fl;blk; jkpo; ,isQh;fis
rpj;jputij nra;tjw;F ngah; ngw;w ,lkhFk;.) mjdhy; gpughfud; mth;fs;
jkpofj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whh;.

gpughfud; mth;fs; jkpofj;jpy; njhlh;e;J ,Uf;f tpUk;ghky; 1972 d;

Muk;gg; gFjpapy; jkpoPok; jpUk;gpdhh;. Mq;fhq;F rpjWz;L ,Ue;j
,isQh;fspilNa fhzg;gl;l jPtputhjr; nraw;ghL> xU Gul;rpfu
,af;fj;ij> Gul;rpfu murpaw; Nfhl;ghLfisf; nfhz;l xU Gul;rpfu
jiyikia ehb epd;wJ. ,g;Gul;rpfur; #o;epiyapy;jhd; ~Gjpa jkpo;g;
Gypfs;~ vd;w ,af;fk; 1972,d; eLg;gFjpfspy; jiyth; gpughfud;
mth;fshy; mthpd; 17tJ tajpy; njhlf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t; ,af;fk; kpfTk;
fLikahd rl;ljpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf Muk;gj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

Gjpa jkpo;g; GypfSk; mth;fspd; nraw;ghLfSk;

'Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfs;" ,af;fj;jpd; jiytUk; ,uhZtj; jsgjpAkhf
jiyth; Nt. gpughfud; mth;fNs ,Ue;jhh;. ,t; ,ufrpa ,af;fk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l fhyj;;jpy; ,Ue;Nj cWjpAk;> JzpTk; jpahf rpe;ijAk;
nfhz;l Gul;rpfu ,isQh;fis ,t;tikg;gpy;> jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fs;>
jhNd njhpT nra;J Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lNjhL> mth;fSf;Fhpa Nghh;g;
gapw;rpiaAk; Kd;dpd;W jhNd nfhLj;J te;jhh;.

Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfspd; KjyhtJ ,uhZt eltbf;ifahf> 1975 Mb

27 md;W nghd;dhiy tujuhIg; ngUkhs; NfhtpYf;fUfpy; itj;J
mg;Nghija rpwPyq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpapd; aho;g;ghz mikg;ghsUk;>
aho;g;ghz NkaUkhd my;gpul; Jiuag;gh Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.
,j;jpl;lj;ij ntw;wpfukhf Kbj;j Gjpa jkpo;g;Gypfs; Nkahpd; fhh;r;
rhujpia klf;fp> mtuJ fhhpNyNa Vwpj; jg;gpr; nrd;Wtpl;ldh;.
,t;ntw;wpfukhd KjyhtJ ,uhZt eltbf;ifiaj; jhNd tFj;J
mjw;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpr;nrd;W nra;J Kbj;j ngUik jiyth; gpughfud;
mth;fisNa rhUk;. jkpoPo kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; fhl;bf;nfhLf;f
KaYk; jkpo;j; JNuhfpfSf;F ,r;rk;gtk; xU vr;rhpf;ifahf mike;jJld;
Rje;jpu jhfk; nfhz;l jkpo; ,isQiug; nghWj;jtiu ,e;eltbf;if
jkpoPo tpLjiyia Nehf;fpa ePz;l> fbdkhd gazj;jpy; jiyth;
gpughfudpd; MSikapYk; jiyikj;Jtj;jpYk; ek;gpf;ifia
Vw;gLj;jpajhfTk; mike;jJ.

,af;fj;jpd; jiykiwT tho;f;iff;Fk; mjidf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; epjp

ngUkstpy; Njitg;gl;lJ. ,jw;F murhq;fg; gzj;ijg; gwpj;njLj;jhf
Ntz;ba eph;g;ge;jk; mth;fSf;F Vw;gl;lJ.

rpwPyq;fh muR vy;yh kf;fspdJk; thpg;gzj;jpypUe;Nj jkJ epjpapidg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwjhapDk; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fspy; jkpo;g;
gpuNjrq;fs; KOikahfg; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;Nl te;jd. vdNt murhq;fg;
gzj;ij gwpj;njLj;Jj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpw;fhd epjp
Mjhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ epahakhdJ vd czh;e;J nfhz;l jiyth;
gpughfud; mth;fs; 1976 gq;Fdp 5k; ehs; rpwPyq;fh muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd
Gj;Jhh; kf;fs; tq;fpf;Fs; gl;lg; gfypy; jd; Njhoh;fSld; GFe;J Jg;ghf;fp
Kiapy; nuhf;fkhf 5 ,yl;rk; &ghitAk; eifahf 2 ,yl;rk; &ghitAk;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;L nrd;whh;.
 my;gpul; Jiuag;gh nfhy;yg;gl;lJ> mijaLj;J Gj;Jhh; tq;fpr; rk;gtk;
Mfpatw;iwj; njhlh;e;J tlf;fpy; xU tpNrl csTg; gilapd; gpupT
mikf;fg;gl;lJ. 'Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfs; ,af;fj;ij" mopj;njhopg;gijNa
Kf;fpa Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L nfhOk;gpypUe;j nghyp]; jiyikafk;
,g;gphpit cUthf;fpaJ. ,g;gpupT jfty; nfhLg;Nghh;> JNuhfpfs;
MfpNahiuf; nfhz;ljhf jkpoPog; gFjpfspy; nraw;glj; njhlq;fpaJ.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;

Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfs; ,af;fk;> 1976 itfhrp 5k; ehs; 'jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Gypfs;" vd;w Gjpa ngaiu #l;bf; nfhz;lJ. ,jd; murpay;
jiytuhfTk;> ,uhZtj; jsgjpahfTk; jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fNs
,Ue;jhh;. ~Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfs;~ ,af;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j kpff;fLikahd rpy
fl;Lg;ghLfs; jsh;j;jg;gl;L> KOj; jkpoPo kf;fSk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;ff; $ba Kiwapy;> rl;l jpl;lq;fs; khw;wg;gl;L
jiyth; gpughfudhy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpy; eilKiwf;F
nfhz;L tug;gl;ld.

mj;Jld; jiyth; gpughfudhy;> ,t;tikg;G efh;g;Gwf; nfhpy;yh

mikg;ghf cUthf;fg;gl;Lj; Njrpa tpLjiyf;fhd ePz;lfhy kf;fs; Aj;jk;
vd;w ,yl;rpaj;Jld;> jkpoPo kf;fspd; Gul;rpfu MAjg; Nghuhl;l ,af;fkhf
tphptile;jJ. epuhAjghzpfshd> typik Fiwe;j jkpoPo kf;fs; rpq;fs
,dthj murpd; ghhpa ,uhZt typikf;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLtjw;F ePz;l
nfhpy;yh Aj;j ghijNa kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ vd;gijj; jdJ
jPh;f;fjhprdkhd fz;Nzh- l;lj;jpy; czh;e;J nfhz;l jiyth; gpughfud;
mth;fs; gue;Jgl;l kf;fs; gq;F nfhs;Sk; ntFrdg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
Kd;Ndhb eltbf;ifahf nfhpy;yhg; Nghh; Kiwg;gLj;jpdhh;. ,Jgw;wpj;
jiyth; gpughfud; Fwpg;gpLifapy; 'nfhpy;yhg; Nghuhl;lk; vd;gJ xU
ntFrdg; Nghuhl;l tbtk;. nfhpy;yhg; Nghh;Kiw kf;fs; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F
Kuz;gl;ljy;y. kf;fs; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; cd;dj tbtkhfNt mjidf;
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. kf;fs; kj;jpapy; fUf;nfhz;L> kf;fsJ mgpyhirfspd;
ntspg;ghlhf cUtfk; nfhs;Sk; nghONj nfhpy;yhg; Nghh; ntFrdg;
Nghuhl;l tbtj;ijg; ngWfpwJ. nfhpy;yhg; Nghuhl;lj;ij kf;fs; kj;jpapy;
epiynfhs;sr; nra;J mg;Nghhpy; kf;fis Neubahfg; gq;fspf;fr; nra;J
,g;Nghh; Kiwia gue;Jgl;l Nghuhf tphpthf;FtNj vdJ Nehf;fkhFk;"
vd;W $wpdhh;.

jiyth; gpughfud;> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghhpy; jkoPo tpLjiyg;

Gypfspd; ,uhZt eltbf;iffis Kg;ngUk; gpupthf tFj;jjhh;.

(1) rpwPyq;fh nghyprpd; csTg; gilia> JNuhfpfshf mopj;jy;.

(2) jkpoPoj;jpy; cs;s rpwPyq;fh nghyp]; eph;thf mikg;ig

epiyFiyar; nra;jy;.
 (3) ,uhZt mzpfs; Kfhk;fs; kPJ kiwe;jpUe;Jk; NehpilahfTk;
jhf;fp mopj;J> mt;tplq;fspy; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F Vw;w rptpy; eph;thf
mikg;ig cUthf;fp mjDhL jkpoPoj;jpy; Rahl;rpia epWTjy;.
1976 Mb 2k; ehs; cUk;gpuhiar; Nrh;e;j eluhrh vd;w ngw;Nwhy;
epiya Kfhikahsh; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;. 1977 khrp 14k; ehs;
fhtw;Jiw fhd;];lgps; fUzhepjp khtpl;lGuj;jpy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.

1977 itfhrpj; jpq;fs; 18k; ehs; rz;Kfehjd; vd;w ngaiuf; nfhz;l

2 fhtw;Jiwapdh; ,Ztpypy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. 1977 Mtzpapy;
I.Nj.fl;rp murhy; 'jkpopd mopg;G" xd;W ,yq;ifj; jPT KOtjpYk;
elj;jp Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. 1978 ij 27k; ehs; nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapd; jkpoh;
$l;lzp Ntl;ghsh; fdfuj;jpdk; nfhOg;gpy; itj;Jr; Rlg;gl;lhh;.

1978 rpj;jpiu 7k; ehs;> nfhOg;G 4k; khb rpj;jputijapy; ngah; ngw;w
,d;];ngf;lh; g];jpahk;gps;is cl;gl 4 rpwPyq;fh csTg; giliar;
Nrh;e;j fhtw; Jiwapdh; KUq;fd; kL tPjpf;F cl;Gwkhd fhl;by; itj;Jr;
Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.

1978 rpj;jpiu 25k; ehs;> Kjd;Kiwahf Gjpa jkpo;g; Gypfs;

,af;fj;jpd; ,uhZt eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfspd;
,uhZt eltbf;iffs; tiu vy;yhkhfr; Nrh;e;J 11 ,uhZt
eltbf;iffSf;F jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; gfpuq;fkhf chpik Nfhhp
mwpf;if tpl;ldh;.
1978 itfhrp 19k; ehs; 'jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jilr;rl;lk;"
rpwPyq;fhg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.
,f; nfh^ukhd rl;lk; tpLjiyg; Nghuhspfis mopg;gjw;F rpwPyq;fh
MAjg; gilfSf;F rfytpjkhd mjpfhuq;fisAk; toq;fpaJ.
1978 Mtzp 7k; ehs; I.Nj.f. fl;rpapd; NI.Mh;. nIath;j;jdh muR
'Gjpa murpayikg;ig" cUthf;fp jkpo; nkhopia ,uz;lhk; gl;r
epiyf;Fj; js;spaJ.

1978 khh;fop 5k; ehs; jpUney;Ntypapy; rpwPyq;fh muRf;F nrhe;jkhd

tq;fpapy; ,Ue;J 12 yl;rk; &gh gwpf;fg;gl;lJld; ,uz;L fhtw;JiwapdUk;
Rl;L; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.

1979 Mb 20k; ehs; NI.Mh;.nIath;jj

; dhtpd; ,dntwp muR
tpLjiyg;Gypfs; jilr;rl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhfg; gLNkhrkhd 'gaq;futhjj;
jilr;rl;lj;ij" mKYf;F nfhz;L te;jJ. ,r;rl;lj;jpd; %yk; xUtiu 18
khjfhyj;jpw;F ntspAyfj; njhlh;G VJk; ,d;wp jdpikr; rpiwapy;
itf;fKbAk;.
 ,Nj gaq;futhjj; jilr;rl;lk; mKYf;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l mNjjpdk;
tlf;fppy; mtrufhy epiyiag; gpufldg;gLj;jp 1979 khh;fop 31k; ehSf;F
Kd; mjthJ 6 jpq;fSf;Fs; tlf;Nf tpLjiyg;Nghiu (NI.Mhpd; nkhopapy;
gaq;futhjj;ij) mopj;J xopf;FkhW cj;jutpl;Lg; gphpNfbah; tPuJq;fhit
tl khfhzj;Jf;F mDg;gpdhh; NI.Mh;. nIath;j;jd.

rpwPyq;fh muR jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ ,uhZt mlf;FKiwiaj;

jPtpukhf;fpj; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;ij mopg;gjw;Fr; rfy
eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Kide;J epd;wNghJ MAjg;
Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; murpay; Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jp tphpthf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;w Nehf;fpy;> jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fs; murhq;fj;jpd; vjph;g;Gul;rp
eltbf;ifia Kwpabg;gjw;fhff; nfhpy;yh mikg;G Kiwiag; gyg;gLj;jp
murpay; gpupitAk; tpupthf;f KbT nra;jhh;. ,jd;gb 1979k; 1980k;
Mz;Lfspy; MAjg; Nghuhl;l eltbf;iffis jw;fhypfkhfg;
gpd;Nghl;Ltpl;L> ,af;f mikg;gpidg; gyg;gLj;Jtjpy; jiyth; gpughfud;
ftdk; nrYj;jpdhh;. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpNyNa ~Gul;rpfu murpaw; Nfhl;ghl;ilf;
nfhz;l murpay; jpl;lj;ij tiue;J ,jDhL murpay; tpopg;Gzh;T nfhz;l
Nghuhspfis cUthf;fpdhh;. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpNyNa rh;tNjr uPjpapy; jkpoPo
tpLjiyf;Ff; Fuy; nfhLf;FKfkhf jkoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; fpisfis
epWtp rh;tNjr Kw;Nghf;F mikg;GfSlDk; ey;YwTfis Vw;gLj;JtJ
jiyth; gpughfudpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fspy; xd;whf ,Ue;jJ.
1981k; Mz;L itfhrp 31k; ehs; rpq;fs ,uhZtg; gilfSk; If;fpa
Njrpaf; fl;rpf; fhilah;fSk; Nrh;e;J aho; efiu vhpA+l;bdh;.
njd;dhrpahtpNyNa jiyrpwe;jjhff; fUjg;gl;l aho; Ehy; epiyaj;ij
vhpA+l;b tpiykjpg;gw;w 94>000 Gj;jfq;fisr; rhk;gy; Nklhf;fpdh;. gj;jpupif
mYtyfKk; jPf;fpiuahf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW jkpopdj;jpd; kPJ fyhr;rhug;
gLnfhiyj; jpl;lkhf mike;j ,t;topTfisj; jiyik jhq;fpr; nra;J
Kbj;jth;fs; mg;Nghija I.Nj.fl;rpapd; Ml;rpapy; ke;jpupahfTk;> gpd;dh;
vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytUkhf ,Ue;J 24 Ig;grp 94y; Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; xd;wpy;
gypahd I.Nj. fl;rpapd; rdhjpgjp Ntl;ghsuhd fhkpdp jprehaf;fhTk; vd;W
ek;gfkhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.

,uhZt ml;^opaj;jhYk; td;KiwahYk; jkpoPo kf;fis mbgzpar;

nra;a KbahJ vd;gjidr; rpq;fs ,dthj muRf;F czh;j;j Ntz;Lk;
vdj; jPh;khdpj;j jiyth; gpughfud; gilapdh; kPJ jhf;Fjy;fis
Muk;gpf;Fk;gb NghuhspfSf;F fl;lisapl;lhh;. jhf;Fjy;fSk; jPtpukhfpd.
rpwPyq;fh ,uhZtj;Jf;F vjpuhd KjyhtJ jhf;Fjy;

1981 Ig;grp 15k; ehs; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s fhq;Nfrd;Jiw tPjpapy;

,uhZt thfdk; xd;wpd; kPJ elhj;jg;gl;l jhf;Fjypy; 2 ,uhZtj;jpdh;
nfhy;yg;gl;L mth;fsJ MAjq;fSk; tpLjiyg; Gypfshy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld.
,JNt jkpoPog; Nghuhl;l tuyhw;wpy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfshy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,uhZtj;jpdUf;F vjpuhd KjyhtJ MAj
eltbf;ifahFk;.
 1982 Mb 2k; ehs; ney;ypabapy; fhtw;Jiwg; gilapd; kPJ elj;jg;
gl;l jhf;Fjypy; 4 Ngh; nfhy;yg;gl;L 3 Ngh; gLfhag;gLj;jg;gl;ldh;.
mth;fspd; MAjq;fSk; ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld.
1982 Gul;lhjp 29k; ehs; ,dntwpad; NI.Mh;. nIath;j;jdh rdhjpgjp
Njh;jy; gpur;rhuj;jpw;fhf aho;g;ghzk; te;jjw;F vjph;g;Gj; njhptpf;Fk;
Kfkhf nghd;dhiyg; ghyj;jpy; te;J nfhz;bUe;j flw;gil thfdq;fis
mopg;gjw;F fz;zp ntbfis tpijj;J ntbf;f itj;jdh;.

1982 Ig;grp 27k; ehs; rhtfr;Nrhp fhtw;Jiw epiyaj;jpd; kPJ

jhf;Fjy; elj;jp 3 Ngiur; Rl;Lf;nfhd;W> 3 Ngiuf; fhag;gLj;jp>
ngUk;njhifahd MAjq;fisAk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ifg;gw;wpr;
nrd;whh;fs;. ,j; jhf;Fjiy mLj;J tl khfhzj;jpd; gy fhtw;Jiw
epiyaq;fs; %lg;gl;ld. tlf;fpy; fhtw;Jiw eph;thfk; epiyFiye;J
Klq;fpg; NghdJ.
1983 khrp 18k; ehs; gUj;jpj;Jiw fhtw;Jiw epiyaj;ijr; Nrh;e;j
,uz;L Ngh; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. 1983 gq;Fdp 4k; ehs; gue;jdUNf
cikahs;Guj;jpy; ,uhZtj; njhlh;kPJ tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jhf;Fjy;
njhLj;J Neubr; rkhpy; xU kzpj;jpahyakhf <Lgl;ldh;. ,j;jhf;Fjypy;
,uhZtf; ftr tz;b xd;W Nrjkhf;ffg;gl;lJld; ,uhZtj;jpdh; ItUk;
gLfhak; mile;jdh;.

1983 rpj;jpiu 2k; ehs; tlkhfhzj;jpy; ghJfhg;igAk; mikjpiaAk;

Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd toptiffis Muha;tjw;fhf aho;. murhq;f mjpgh;
~ghJfhg;G khehL~ xd;iwf fr;Nrhpapy; elj;Jtjw;Fj; jpl;lkpl;L ,Ue;jNghJ
khehL njhlq;Ftjw;F xU kzpj;jpahyaj;jpw;F Kd;ghf jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; aho; fr;Nrhpr; nrayff; fl;blj;ijf; Fz;L itj;Jj; jfh;j;njwpe;J
jkJ vjph;g;ig rpwPyq;fh murpw;F czh;j;jpdh;.

1983 itfhrp 18k; ehs; tlf;fpy; cs;Suhl;rpj; Njh;jy;fis

elhj;Jtnjd mwptpg;G nra;jJ. ,j;Njh;jiyg; gfp\;fhpf;Fk;gb jiyth;
gpughfud; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;> rpwPyq;fh murpd;
Njh;jy; khiaapypUe;J tpLgLkhWk; rpwPyq;fh murpd; rfy
eph;thfq;fisAk; epuhfhpf;FkhWk; ntFrd MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F mzp
jpuSkhWk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;.

1983 rpj;jpiu 29k; ehs; rpwPyq;fh murpd; ,dntwp muir Mjhpf;Fk;

rfy jkpo;j; JNuhfpfSf;Fk; vr;rhpf;ifahf %d;W I.Nj.fl;rp
Mjuthsh;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfshy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. ,e;j
,uhZt eltbf;ifapd; tpisthf I.Nj. fl;rpapd; rhh;gpy; epd;w rfy
jkpo; Ntl;ghsh;fSk; Njh;jypypUe;J tpyfpaJld; jkpoh;fs; gyh;
I.Nj.fl;rpapypUe;Jk; ePq;fpf;nfhz;ldh;.

1983 iffhrp 18k; ehs; eilngw;w cs;Shuhl;rpj; Njh;jy; thf;fspg;G

Kbtiltjw;F xU kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;F Kd;ghf ey;Yhh; fe;jh; klj;jpy;
Njh;jy; rhtbf;Ff; fhtypy; epd;w ,uhZt> fhtw;Jiwg;gilfspd; kPJ
njhLf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjypy; ,uhZtj;jpdh; xUth; nfhy;yg;gl
fhtw;Jiwapdh; ,UtUk; ,uhZtj;jpdh; ,UtUk; gLfhak; mile;jdh;.
,uhZtj;jplkpUe;J jhdpaq;F RhpFoy; Jg;ghf;fp xd;iw jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;ldh;.

,t; ntw;wpfukhd jhf;FjiyaLj;J tpLjiyg; Nghuhspfs;

(murhq;fj;jpd; nkhopapy; gaq;futhjpfs;) vd;W re;Njfpf;Fk; vtiuAk;
fz;l ,lj;jpy; Rl;Lj; js;sTk; gpNuj ghpNrhjid> ePjpkd;w tprhuiz
vJTkpd;wp Rlg;gl;l egh;fspd; rlyq;fisg; Gijf;fTk; ,uhZtj;Jf;F
NI.Mh;. muR mjpfhuq;fis toq;fpaJ. 1983 Mb 23k; ehs; es;sputpy;
jpUney;NtypapYs;s gyhyp tPjpapy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; jhf;Fjw;
gilg;gpupT ,uhZtj;jpw; nfjpuhd jpBh;j; jhf;FjYf;fhf fhj;J epd;wJ. 14
tpLjiyg; Gypfisf; nfhz;l ,g;gphptpy; jiyth; gpughfuDk; XU
Nghuhspahf epd;Wnfhz;L mj;jhf;Fjypd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig nyg;bdd;l;
nry;yf;fpspaplk; nfhLj;J ,Ue;jhh;. Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;Jf;F ,uhZtj;njhlh;
te;jJk; fz;zpntbia ntbf;f itj;J jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fg; gl;lJ.
,j;jhf;Fjypy; ,uhZtj;jpdh; 13 Ngh; gypahfpdh;. gy MAjq;fSk;
ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld. jiyth; gpughfud; kl;Lk; ,j;jhf;Fjypy; ,uhZtj;jpdh;
vOtiu Rl;Lf; nfhd;whh;.

,j;jhf;Fjy; rpq;fs ,uhZtj;ij epiyFiyiar; nra;jJ.

,j;jhf;Fjy; rk;gtj;ij cldbf; fhuzkhf vLj;Jf;nfhz;l rpq;fs muR
Vw;fdNt jpl;lkpl;- bUe;jjd;gb jkpopdg; gLnfhiyia ,yq;ifj; jPT
mlq;fYk; guthyff; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;lJ. jkpo; kf;fs; gy Mapuk; Ngh;
nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. jkpo;g; ngz;fs; gyh; ghypay; ty;YwTf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;ldh;. nfhOk;gpy; jkpoh;fspd; nghUshjhuj;jsk; Kw;whf
mopf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;tpd xopg;G KOikahfr; rpq;fs murpd;
mikr;rh;fspdJk; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fsJk; mur gilfspdJk;
MjuTld; elj;jg;gl;lJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
,jd; gpd;dNu jkpo;kf;fs; KOikahf czh;e;J nfhz;ldh;>
jkpoPoj;ij rpwPyq;fhtpd; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ue;J kPl;nlLj;J> tpLjiy
ngw;w jkpoPoj;jpy;> jkpoPo muir epWtp tho;tJjhd; vkf;Fk; vkJ
vjph;fhyr; re;jjpf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghdJ vd;W. ,jdhy; Vw;gl;l tpopg;Gzh;T
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghhpy; nghJkf;fSk; gq;Nfw;Fk; epiyia cUthf;fpaJ.
jkpo; ,isQh;fSk; AtjpfSk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpy;
,ize;J nfhs;sj; njhlq;fpdh;.

jkpoPog; Nghh; 1 (Mtzp 1984 - Mb 1987)

Mb 1983,y; ,yq;ifj; jPtpy; rpwPyq;fh muR jkpoPo kf;fSf;F vjpuhff;
fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;l ,d mopg;G eltbf;ifahy; tpopg;Gzh;T ngw;w
,isQh;fSk; AtjpfSk; tpLjiyg; GypfSld; Nrh;e;jdh;. tpLjiyg;
Gypfspd; nfhpy;yh mzpfs; gd;klq;fhfg; ngUfpd. ,e;epiyapy; jiyth;
gpughfud; nfhpy;yh mzpfisg; Gul;rpfu kf;fs; ,uhZtkhff; fl;b
vOg;Gk; Nehf;Fld; murpay;> ,uhZt mikg;Gf;fis tphpTgLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffspy; ,wq;fpdhh;. ,jdhy; Mb 1983,y; ,Ue;J khrp 1984tiu
,uhZt eltbf;iffis ,ilepWj;jp> ghhpa nfhpy;yh ,uhZtg; gapw;rpj;
jpl;lq;fis tFj;J murpay;> ,uhZt mikg;Gfis tphpthf;fk; nra;jhh;.

jkpoPog; Nghh; xd;wpd; kpff; nfhe;jspg;ghd fhyfl;lk; ,e;j Mb 1983

,d mopg;Gld;jhd; Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; Gaypd; ikakhf
epd;W> <LnfhLj;J> vy;yh vjph;g;gpaf;fj;jpw;Fk; jkpoPo kf;fspd;
tPutpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;jth; jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fs;
jhd;.

,e;jpaj; jiyaPL
,Jtiu fhyKk; ,yq;ifj; jPit mjpuitj;j rk;gtq;fisAk; mjd;
tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;fpidAk; Fwpg;ghf jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;
jiyth; gpughfudpd; murpay;> ,uhZt efh;TfisAk; kpf cd;dpg;ghf
mtjhdpj;J te;j ,e;jpa muR md;iwa gpujkh; ,e;jpuh fhe;jpapd;
cj;jutpd; Nghpy; Mbf;fytuj;ij VJthff; nfhz;L ,yq;ifj; jPtpd;
,dg;gpur;rpidapy; jiyapl KbT nra;jJ.

1983 Mtzpapy;> ,yq;ifj; jPit jdJ G+Nfhs-Nfe;jpu Mjpf;fj;jpd;

fPo;f; nfhz;Ltu ,e;jpa muR KbT nra;jJ. jkpo;g; NghuhspfSf;F
MajKk;gapw;rpAk; mspj;J Maj vjph;g;gapf;fj;ijj; jPtpukhf;fp> rpq;fs
muRf;F neUf;Fjy; nfhLj;J> jdJ G+Nfhs eyd;fis rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;s
,e;jpahtpd; csTg;gpupthd ~Nwh~ %yk; jpl;lkpl;L nraw;gl;lJ.
mNjNeuj;jpy; gy jkpo; ,af;fq;fSf;Ff; $ba msT MAjq;fSk;
gapw;rpAk; gz cjtpAk; mspj;Jtpl;lhy; ,uhZt rk gyj;ij
khw;wpaikj;J ~jkpoPo tpLjiy~apy; cWjpahf epw;Fk; jiyth;
gpughfuidAk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;ijAk; jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;
nfhz;L tuyhk; my;yJ xopj;J tplyhk; vdTe; jpl;lkpl;L ,e;jpa muR
nraw;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,it ahtw;iwAk; ed;F mtjhdpj;J mjw;F Vw;g
jpl;lkpl;l jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fs; ,e;jpah tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F
nra;Jte;j rpW cjtpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mNj Neuj;jpy; jd;
MSikahy; vtUf;Fk; njhpahky; Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpa muRf;Fk; mjd;
csTg;gilf;Fk; njhpahky; tpLjiyg; NghUf;Fj; Njitahd gy Maj
jsghlq;fisAk; NtW nghUl;fisAk; jkpoPoj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;J
Nrh;j;jhh;.

khrp 24> 1983,y; ,uhZt eltbf;iffs; Muk;gkhfpd. jiyth;

gpughfudpd; jiyikapy; jkpoPoj;jpy; MAjg; Nghuhl;lk; jPtpukile;jJ.
njhlh;r;rpahfTk; jPh;f;fkhfTk; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; nfhpy;yh mzpapdh; gy
mjpubj; jhf;Fjy;fis Nkw;nfhz;L Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd ,uhZtj;jpdiuf;
nfhd;wdh;. ,jdhy; nfhjpg;gile;j ,uhZtk; mg;ghtpg; nghJ kf;fisf;
nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. jiyth; gpughfudpd; jiyikapy; tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
Ghpe;J te;j Nghuhl;l rhjidfisf; fz;L jkpoPo kf;fs; G+hpg;gile;jdh;.
 Mdhy; ,e;jpa muNrh fyf;fk; mile;jpUe;j epiyapy; Ig;grp 31> 1984
,y; ,e;jpuh fhe;jp jd; nka;g;ghJfhtyh;fshy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.
,jdhy; murpay; mDgtk; Fiwe;j tpkhd Xl;bahd ,e;jpuh fhe;jpapd;
%j;j kfd; ~uhIPt; fhe;jp~ ,e;jpag; gpujkuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. mth;
,yq;ifj; jPtpd; ,dg; gpur;rpid gw;wpAk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghh; gw;wpAk;
Fwpg;ghf jiyth; gpughfud; gw;wpAk; kpfTk; jtwhd vz;zq;fs; nfhz;L
nraw;glj; njhlq;fpdhh;. jkpoPo kf;fspd; caph;thOk; chpik ,yq;ifj;
jPtpy; rpwPyq;fh murhy; gwpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ vd;w cz;ikiag; Ghpa kWj;j
uhIPt; fhe;jp gjtpNaw;w fhyk; Kjy; jkpoPo tpLjiyf;F vjpuhf> rpwPyq;fh
muRf;Fr; rhh;ghfr; nraw;glj; njhlq;fpdhh;. ,jpy; ,Ue;J jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Gypfis topelj;jp te;j jiyth; gpughfuDf;Fk; ,e;jpa muRf;Fk;
,ilapy; Fwpg;ghf uhIPt; fhe;jpf;Fk; ,ilapy; KWfy; epiy Vw;gl;lJ.

jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fs; jdJ Kg;gj;njhuhtJ

tajpy; jkpoPok;> Gq;FLjPitr; Nrh;e;j kjptjdp vd;w ngz;iz 1984k;
Mz;L jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;.

jpk;Gg; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij
uhIPt; fhe;jpapd; jiyikapy; ,e;jpa muR ,yq;ifj;jPtpd;
,dg;gpur;rpidia jd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F Vw;g ifahsj; njhlq;fp> <Lgl;Lte;j
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kPJ mOj;jq;fisg; Nghl;L> 1985,d;
Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj jiyth; gpughfudpd; jiyikapy; nfhpy;yh
eltbf;iffspy; 1985 Mdp 18,y; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk; rpq;fs
MAjg; gilfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Nghh; epWj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,jidj;
njhlh;e;J mNj Mz;bd; Mbkhj Kw;gFjpapy; ,e;jpa murpd;
kj;jpaj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; G+l;lhd; jiyefh; jpk;Gtpy; Ngr;Rf;fs; Muk;gkhapd.
rfy jkpo; FOf;fSk; fye;J nfhz;ld. jkpoh; Njrpak; jkpoh; jhafk;
jkpoh; jd;dhl;rp chpik vd;w mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfis mq;fPfupj;J
jkpoPo kf;fspd; Njrpag; gpur;rpidf;F xU jPh;Tj; jpl;lk; Kd;itf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia kw;iwa jkpo; FOf;fSk;
Vw;Wf;nfhz;ld. Mdhy; ,f; Nfhupf;ifiar; rpq;fs muR epuhfupj;jJ.
,g;gbahfr; rpf;fyile;j jpk;Gg; Ngr;R thh;j;ijfs;> Nghh; epWj;jj;ij kPwp
rpq;fsg;gilfs; jpUNfhzkiyapYk; tTdpahtpYk; elhj;jp Kbj;j
jkpopdg; gLnfhiyapy; 200 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jkpo; kf;fs;
nfhy;yg;gl;lijj; njhlh;e;J Kwptile;jd. ,e;Neuj;jpy; jkpoPoj;jpy; jd;
jsgjpfSld; jiyth; gpughfud; Nghh; epWj;jk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij gw;wpa
epiyg;ghLfs; Fwpj;J fye;Jiuahbf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; Njhy;tpaile;jijj; njhlh;e;J jkpoPo tpLjiyg;

Gypfspd; murpay; MNyhrfh; jpU. md;ud; ghyrpq;fk; ,e;jpahtpypUe;J ehL
flj;jg;gl;lhh;. ,jdhy; jiyth; gpughfuDf;Fk; ,e;jpa muRf;Fk; ,ilapy;
ghhpa Kuz;ghLk; ,ilntspAk; Vw;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,e;jpah gw;wpa jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; epiyg;ghl;il jiyth; gpughfud; gpd;tUkhW
$wpapUf;fpwhh;. ~~vkf;F ,e;jpahtpd; cjtpAk; ey;nyz;zKk; mtrpak;.
mNj Ntisapy; ,e;jpah jdJ jPh;itj; jkpoPo kf;fs; kPJ jpzpg;gij ehk;
tpUg;gtpy;iy. jq;fsJ vjph;fhyj;ij jPhk
; hdpf;Fk; KO chpikAk; vkJ
kf;fSf;F cz;L~~ vd;W.

Mdhy; ,e;jpa muRk; mjd; gpujkUk; jiyth; gpughfud; mth;fs;

jkpoPo kf;fspd; tpLjiyapy; vt;tsT cWjpahf ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gijg;
Ghpe;J nfhs;shky; mg;Nghija jkpof Kjy;tUf;F mOj;jq;fisf;
nfhLj;J> 1986k; Mz;L Ig;grpapy; jkpof fhtw;Jiw %yk; jkpofj;jpy;
tpLjiyg;Gypfs; itj;jpUe;j jfty; njhlh;Gr; rhjdq;fisg; gwpj;jhh;fs;.
jiyth; gpughfuidAk; kw;iwa NghuhspfisAk; nghyp]; epiyaj;jpw;F
nfhz;L nrd;W Fw;wthspfis elj;JtJ Nghd;W elj;jpdhh;fs;.
rhFk;tiuapyhd cz;zhtpujk;

,e;epiyapy; jiyth; gpughfud; vd;d nra;ag;Nghfpwhh; vd;gJ xU

ngUk; Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf ,Ue;jJ.

MAjg; Nghuhl;l ,af;fj;jpd; jsgjp> rpq;fsg;gilfspd; rpk;k nrhg;gdkhd

jiyth; gpughfud;> midtUk; vjph;ghh;j;jjpw;F khwhf jkpoff;
fhtw;Jiwapdh; jq;fsplk; ,Ue;J gwpj;j jfty; njhlh;Gr; rhjdq;fisj;
jpUk;gpj;ju Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itj;J ePh;> Mfhuk; ,d;wp
rhFk; tiuapyhd cz;zhtpujj;ij 1986k; Mz;L fhh;j;jpif 22k; ehs;
njhlq;fpdhh;. mthpd; ,e;jr; nray; midtiuAk; mjph;r;rpaila itj;jJ.
jiyth; gpughfudpd; kd cWjpiag; Ghpe;Jnfhz;l ,e;jpa muR
Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wj; jfty; njhlh;G rhjdq;fisj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;jJ.
cz;zhtpujk; iftplg; gl;lJ. ,t; cz;zhtpujk; Fwpj;J mg;NghJ rpy
gj;jpupifahsh;fs; jiyth; gpughfudplk; tpdhj;njhLj;jhh;fs;.

gj;jpupifahsh;-
cq;fSila mfpk;irg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F ntw;wp fpilj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ
,yq;ifapYk; mfpk;ir KiwapNy NghuhlyhNk> MAjk; Ve;jpg; Nghuhl
Ntz;la mtrpak; Vd;? vd;W Nfl;lhh;fs;.
jiyth; gpughfud;

cyfpNyNa jd;Dila Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngWtjw;F mfpk;ir Kiwapy;

Nghuhb ntw;wp ngw;w ehL ,e;jpah. vdNt mfpk;irg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
kfj;Jtj;ijg; Ghpe;jpUf;fpw ,e;jpahtpy; vdJ mfpk;irg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F
ntw;wpfpilj;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; kdpj Neakw;w ,dntwpr; rpq;fs murplk;
mfpk;ir Kiw vLglhJ. vdNtjhd; jkpoPoj;jpy; ehq;fs; MAjk; Ve;jpg;
NghuhLfpNwhk;" vd;whh;.
ngq;fSh; khehL

,jw;Fg; gpd; ngq;fShpy; ele;j rhh;f; khehl;by; fye;J nfhs;s rpq;fs

murpd; rdhjpgjp NI.Mh; nIath;j;jdh te;jNghJ mtUld;
Ngr;Rthh;j;ijapy; fpof;F khfhzj;ijj; jkpoh;> rpq;fsth;> K];ypk; vd;w
uPjpapy; %d;W gFjpfshfTk; gphpf;fyhk;~~ vd;W NI.Mh;. nIath;j;jdh
nrhd;djhf jiyth; gpughfudplk; ,e;jpa mur jug;gpduhy;
njuptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; jiyth; gpughfuNdh ~~tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,uz;lhf

,Ug;gjid xd;whf ,izf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gjid ehq;fs; tw;GWj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ> ,uz;il ehyhf $WNghLk; Nahridia ehq;fs;
vg;gb Vw;fKbAk;?~~ vd;W $wp epuhfupj;J tpl;lhh;.

mj;Jld; ,e;j ngq;fSh; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijapy; jhd;> jiyth; gpughfuDf;F

Kjy; mikr;rh; gjtp jUtjhf NI.Mh;. nIath;j;jdh ,e;jpa muRf;$lhf
njhptpj;jhh;. ,jw;F jiyth; gpughfud; ~~,J xU khatiy> jkpo;
,dj;ij mopg;gjw;F NtW tifahfg; gpd;dg;gl;l rjptiy. mjpfhuq;fs;
vJTkw;w> epidj;jhy; rdhjpgjpahy; fiyf;ff; $ba kf;fSf;F ve;jtpj
ed;ikAk; nra;aKbahj nghk;ikg; gjtpjhd; Kjy; ke;jpupg; gjtp~~ vd;W
$wp mjidj; Jhf;fp vwpe;Jtp;l;lhh;.

jkpoPok; jpUk;Gjy;
jkpo; ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; tiu jdf;F kj;jpa khepy muRfspd; eph;g;ge;jk;
,Ue;J nfhz;NlapUf;Fk;. ,e;jpa muRld; NgrtUk;NghJ by;ypapNyh
my;yJ nrd;idapNyh jd;idf; nfhiy nra;J jkpoPog; Nghiu mopf;f
Kaw;rpf;fyhk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; jkpo; ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk;tiu Mgj;J ePbf;fNt
nra;Ak;. vdNt jkpoPok; jpUk;gpr; nry;tjd; %yk; tpLjiyg; Nghh; NkYk;
tYtilAk; vd;w cWjpahd Kbtpy; jiyth; gpughfud; 1987k; Mz;L ij
3k; ehs; jkpoPok; jpUk;gpdhh;.
jiyth; gpughfud; jkpoPok; jpUk;gpajid mwpe;j rpwPyq;fh muRk;
mjd; gilfSk; fyf;fk; mile;j Ntisapy;> ,e;jpa muRk; mjd;
csTg;gilAk; Fog;gk; mile;jd. ,dp vt;tpjk; ,yq;ifj; jPtpd;
,dg;gpur;rpidapy; jiyapLtJ vd;W Fok;gpa epiyapy; rpwPyq;fhg;
gilfspd; rpy %h;f;fkhd ,uhZt eltbf;iffSf;F kiwKfkhf
xj;Jioj;J mjd;%yk; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ghupa mopTfspy;
,Ue;J mth;fis kPl;Fk; ~~,ul;rfh;~~ vd;w Nghh;itapy; jkpoPoj;jpy; jd;
,uhZtj; jiyaPl;il Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vdj;jpl;l kpl;L ,e;jpa muR
nraw;gl;lJ.

1987 itfhrp 1k; ehs; cyfj; njhopyhsh; jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L jiyth;

gpughfud; mth;fs; jkpoPokf;fSf;F Mw;wpa ciuapy;> ~~ehk; Nghuhb>
,uj;jk; rpe;jp> vkJ tpLjiyia ntd;nwLf;f Ntz;Lk;. vkf;F NtW
topNa ,y;iy. xd;W mbikfshf mope;njhopa Ntz;Lk; my;yJ Nghuhbr;
Rje;jpukhf tho Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; vkJ murpay; jiytpjp. ,d;W ,e;jj;
njhopyhsh; jpdj;jpy; ehk; xU cWjp nra;J nfhs;Nthk;. mjhtJ Rje;jpu
jkpoPo jdp muRjhd; vkJ gpur;rpidf;F xNu jPh;T. ,Wjpahd jPh;T. ,e;jj;
jdp muir mikf;f ehk; vkJ caph;> cly;> Md;khit mh;g;gzpj;Jg;
NghuhLNthk;. ,J vkJ njhopyhsh; jpdg; gpufldkhf mikal;Lk;" vd;whh;.
jkpoPoj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; Neub ,uhZtj; jiyaPL
 1987k; Mz;L Mb 24k; ehs; ,e;jpa mjpfhupfs; rpyh; jiyth;
gpughfuid aho;g;ghzj;jpy; re;jpj;J ',e;jpahtpd; gpujkh; uhIPt; fhe;jp
cq;fisr; re;jpj;J Kf;fpakhd tplakhfg; NgrtpUk;Gtjhf" $wpj; jiyth;
gpughfuid by;ypf;F mioj;J nry;y Kad;whh;fs;> mtrug;gLj;jpdhh;fs;.

,e;epiyapy; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F jiyth; gpughfud; xU mwpf;ifia

ntspapl;lhh;. mjpy; ',d;W jkpo; kf;fs; jq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ij ntd;W
vLf;Fk; xU jiyikiag; ngw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gij mWjp apl;Lf;
$Wfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; vdf;F mspj;JtUk; nghWg;Gf;fis ehd; Neh;ik-
ahfTk; cz;ikahfTk; cWjpAlDk; nra;Ntd; vd ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
jw;fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,ilf;fhy jPh;Tfs; vkJ gpur;rpidapd; jPh;thf
mikahJ. vdNt jkpo; kf;fspd; epue;jukhd> epk;kjpahd> RgPl;rkhd
vjph;fhyj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; epue;ju jPh;Tf;fhfNt ehd; ghLgLfpd;Nwd;. ,j;
jPh;T jkpoPok; vd;Nw ehd; ek;GfpNwd;. ,e;jpag; gpujkh; uhIPt; fhe;jpapd;
tpNrl miog;gpd; NghpNyNa ehd; jkpoPoj;ijtpl;L cj;jpNahf G+h;tkhf
,e;jpah nry;fpd;Nwd;" vd;W $wptpl;L ,e;jpa muR mDg;gp ,Ue;j ,uhZt
nfypnfhg;lupy; by;ypf;F Gwg;gl;lhh;. NghFk; topapy; jkpofj;jpd;
Kjyikr;rh; vk;.Ip. Miu re;jpj;Jg; Ngrpdhh;. mg;NghJk; vjw;fhf ,e;j
mtru miog;G vd;gJ ahUf;Fk; njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. by;yp nrd;w jiyth;
gpughfuidAk; mtuJ MNyhrfh;fisAk; ~mNrhfh n`hl;lypy;~ jq;f
itj;jdh;.
,e;jpahtpd; rpwPyq;fhTf;fhd JhJth; jPl;rpj;> ,e;jpa ntspehl;Lj;Jiwr;
nrayhsh; Nkdd; cl;glg; gy mjpfhupfs; jiyth; gpughfuidr; re;jpj;J
,e;jpahTk; rpwPyq;fhTk; nra;J nfhs;stpUf;Fk; ~xg;ge;jk;~ gw;wp
Kjd;Kjyhfj; njhptpj;jhh;fs;. ,ijf; Nfl;lJk; jiyth; gpughfud;
mjph;r;rp mile;jhh;. xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpujpfis mthplk; nfhLj;Jtpl;L
clNd jpUk;gg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpid Vw;fKbahJ
vd;W jiyth; gpughfud; kWj;jhh;. jiyth; gpughfuid rk;kjpf;f itf;f
gy Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Mdhy; jiyth; gpughfud; cWjpahf
xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;f kWj;Jtpl;lhh;. ,e;jpag; gpujkh; re;jpf;f tpUk;Gtjhf $wp
mioj;Jr; nrd;wth;fs;> gpujkUk; jiyth; gpughfuDk; re;jpf;f Vw;ghL
nra;atpy;iy. ,ilapy; ehd;F ehl;fs; gwe;Njhbd. jiyth; gpughfud;
xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;f kWj;Jtpl;lhh; vd;gJ jpl;ltl;lkhfj; njhpe;jJk;
jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,e;jpahtpd; mbtUbfshd kw;iwa jkpo; FOf;fspd;
gpujpepjpfs; by;ypf;F mioj;J tug;gl;ldh;. nrhy;yp itj;jgbNa
xg;ge;jj;Jf;Fr; rk;kjk; njhptpj;jhh;fs;. tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; jiyth;
gpughfuidj; jtpu kw;wth;fs; midtUk; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L
tpl;lhh;fs; vd;W ,e;jpag; gpujkh; uhIPt; fhe;jp mwptpj;jhh;. ahh; xg;Gf;
nfhs;shtpl;lhYk; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl Mb 29k; ehs; nfhOk;G
nry;yg; NghtjhfTk; mwpf;if tpl;lhh;.

,jw;Fg; gpd;dh; jiyth; gpughfuid ,e;jpag; gpujkh; re;jpj;jhh;.

mg;NghJ jiyth; gpughfud; xg;ge;jj;jpYs;s gyFiwfisr; Rl;bf;
fhl;bdhh;. Mdhy; jiyth; gpughfud; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;Fr; rk;kjk;
njhptpj;Jtpl;ljhfg; ngha;ahd nra;jpfs; ,e;jpa mjpfhupfshy; njhlh;G
rhjdq;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. clNd jiyth; gpughfud; mij kWj;J
mwpf;if ntspapl;lhh;. jiyth; gpughfud; jq;fpapUe;j mNrhfh
n`hl;liyr; Rw;wp 'fWg;Gg; G+idfs;" vd;w ,e;jpa nfhkhz;Nlhg;
gilg;gpuptpdh; fhtYf;F epWj;jg;gl;ldh;.

,e;jpa - rpwPyq;fh xg;ge;jk;

1987k; Mz;L Mb khjk; 29k; ehs; jkpoPo kf;fspd; xg;Gjy; ,d;wp>
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; xg;Gjy; ,d;wp> jkpoPo kf;fspd; tpLjiyNa
jd; capu;%r;R vd;W nrhy;yp jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghiu topelj;jpr; nry;Yk;
jiyth; gpughfudpd; xg;Gjy; ,d;wp mtiu by;ypapy; n`hl;lypy; G+l;b
itj;Jtpl;L> gpuhe;jpa ty;yuR vd;w ,Wkhg;Gld; ,e;jpag; gpujkh; uhIPt;
fhe;jp rpwPyq;fhg; gpujkh; NI.Mh;. nIath;j;jdhTld; ,e;jpahtpd; G+Nfhs
eyDf;fhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jpl;lhh;. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; jkpoPog;
gFjpfSf;F 'mijpg;gil" vd;w ngaupy; mDg;gg;gl;lJ.

xg;ge;jk; nra;Jtpl;L ,e;jpah jpUk;gpa ,e;jpag;gpujkh; jiyth;

gpughfuidr; re;jpj;Jr; rpy cWjpnkhopfis mspj;jhh;. ,e;j cWjp
nkhopfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l jiyth; gpughfud; jkpoPok; jpUk;gpdhh;.
RJkiyg; gpufldk;

,e;jpa - rpwPyq;fh xg;ge;jk; njhlh;ghf jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd;

epiyg;ghl;il RJkiyapy; ele;j tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j
$l;lj;jpy; gy yl;rk; jkpo;kf;fs;> ,e;jpa ,uhZtj; jsgjpfs;>
gj;jpupifahsh;fs;> Kd;dpiyapy; jiyth; gpughfud; njspTgLj;jpdhh;.
mjpy; 'vk;kf;fsJ tpLjiyf;fhf> vk;kf;fsJ tpNkhrdj;Jf;fhf ehq;fs;
Ve;jpa MAjq;fis ,e;jpa murplk; xg;gilf;fpNwhk;. jkpoPo kf;fspd; xNu
ghJfhg;Gr; rhjdkhf ,Ue;J te;j ,e;j MAjq;fis ,e;jpa muR
vk;kplj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpypUe;J jkpoPo kf;fspd; ghJfhg;G vd;w
ngUk; nghWg;igAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ. MAjf; ifaspg;G vd;gJ ,e;jg;
nghWg;G khw;wj;ij jhd; Fwpf;fpwJ. ehk; MAjq;fis ifaspf;fhJ
Nghdhy; ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;Jld; NkhJk; Jh;g;ghf;fpa #o;epiy Vw;gLk;.
,ij ehk; tpUk;gtpy;iy. jkpoPoj; jdpauNr jkpoPo kf;fspd; gpur;rpidf;F
epue;juj; jPh;it mspf;Fk; vd;gjpy; vdf;F mirahj ek;gpf;ifAz;L. jkpoPo
,yl;rpaj;Jf;fhfNt ehd; njhlh;e;J NghuhLNtd;. jkpoPo kf;fspd;
eyd;fUjp ,ilf;fhy murpy; gq;F gw;w my;yJ Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl
Ntz;ba #o;epiy vkJ ,af;fj;Jf;F Vw;glyhk;. Mdhy; ehd; ve;jf;
fhyfl;lj;jpYk; Njh;jypy; gq;Fgw;wg; Nghtjpy;iy. ,ij ehd; kpfTk;
cWjpahfr; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;" vd;whh;.

,jd; gpd;dh; jiyth; gpughfudpd; cj;jutpd; Nghpy; MAjq;fs; gyhyp

,uhZt Kfhkpy; itj;J ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jplk; ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; ,e;jpag; gpujkh; uhIPt;fhe;jp> jiyth; gpughfuDf;Ff; nfhLj;j

ve;jnthU thf;FWjpiaAk; epiwNtw;whJ ,Oj;jbj;J te;jNjhL> jkpo;j;
JNuhff; FOf;fis jkpoPog;gFjpfspy; nfhz;L te;Jtpl;L jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk;> jkpoPo kf;fSf;Fk; vjpuhd nray;fisg; Gupa
mth;fis Vtptpl;lhh;.

jpyPgdpd; jpahfr;rhT
,e;epiyapy; tpLjiyg; Nghiu mLj;j fl;lj;Jf;F efh;j;jTk;
,e;jpahtpd; ',ul;rfh;" vd;w Nghyp Ntlj;ij kf;fSf;F Gupa itf;fTk;
jiyth; gpughfudpd; mDkjpAld; jpahfp jpyPgd;> ,e;jpa - rpwPyq;fh
xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;j 5 tplaq;fis epiwNtw;Wk;gb $wp ePuhfhuk; ,d;wp
rhFk;tiuapyhd cz;zhtpujj;ij 1987 Ig;grp 15k; ehs; Muk;gpj;jhh;.
,e;jpahtpd; JNuhfg; Nghf;fpdhy; Ig;grp 26y; nyg;bdd;l; Nfzy; jpyPgd;
tPur;rhtile;jhh;.

nyg;bdd; Nfzy; jpyPgdpd; tPukuzk; Fwpj;J jiyth; gpughfud;

ntspapl;l mwpf;ifapy;> 'tlf;F fpof;F mlq;fYKs;s jkpo; NgRk; kf;fs;
midtUk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; Kd;ndLf;Fk; ,e;jr; rhj;tPfg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
mzpjpus Ntz;Lk;. kf;fspd; xU Kfg;gl;l vOr;rp %yNk ehk; vkJ
cupikfis nts;nwLf;fyhk;. jpyPgdpd; <L,izaw;w jpahfj;jpw;F ehk;
nra;Ak; gq;fspg;G ,Jjhd;' vd;whh;.

12 Nghuhspfs; tPukuzk;
jpyPgdpd; kuzj;ijj; njhlh;e;J gUj;jpj;Jiwf; flw;gug;gpy; tpLjiyg;
Gypfspd; %j;j jsgjpfs; ,Uth; cl;gl 17 Nghuhspfs; rpwPyq;fh
flw;gilahy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Lg; gyhyp KfhKf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;Lj;
jLj;J itf;fg;gl;ldh;. 'Nghh; epWj;j Neuj;jpy;> nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gl;l
#o;epiyapy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; jsgjpfSk; NghuhspfSk; ifJ
nra;ag;gl;lJ ,e;jpa - rpwPyq;fh xg;ge;jj;jpw;F Kw;wpYk; KuzhdJ' vd
jiyth; gpughfud; ,e;jpa muRf;Ff; fLk; Ml;Nrgk; njuptpj;Jg;
Nghuhspfis cld; tpLtpf;FkhW ,e;jpa> rpwPyq;fh muRfisf;
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhh;.

Mdhy; ,e;jpa murpd; JNuhfj;jdj;jhy; 17 NghuhspfSk; rapidl;

cl;nfhz;ldh;. mth;fspy; 12 Nghuhspfs; tPur;rhit mizj;Jf;
nfhz;ldh;. ,Jgw;wp kf;fSf;F jiyth; gpughfud; tpLj;j mwpf;ifapy;
'vkJ Nghuhspfis tpLtpf;f Ntz;Lnkd ,e;jpa muR rpwPyq;fh rdhjpgjp
nIath;j;jdhtplk; cWjpahfr; nrhy;yp ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j mepahakhd
rhTfs; epfo;e;Nj ,Uf;fhJ. ,e;j tifapy; vkJ NghuhspfSf;Fk;
kf;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;gspf;Fk; nghWg;gpypUe;J ,e;jpa muR jtwptpl;lJ.
vkf;Fg; ghJfhg;gspf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; nghWg;gGk; jhu;kPff; flikg;ghLk;
,e;jpahTf;F ,y;iy vd;why; ,e;jpag; gilfs; ,q;fpUg;gjd; mu;j;jk;
vd;d? rdhjpgjp nIath;j;jdhTf;Fk; rpq;fs ,uhZtj;Jf;Fk; r%f tpNuhj
,af;ffq;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;gspj;J tpLjiyg; Gypfis xopj;Jf;
fl;LtJjhd; ,e;jpa rkhjhdg; gilfspd; Nehf;fkh? vkJ jiyth;fSf;Fk;
NghuhspfSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G mspg;gjw;Fg; gjpy; mth;fisr; rpq;fs
,uhZtj;jplk; xg;gilf;fj; JizNghdJ ,e;jpa rkhjhdg; gilapdh; vkJ
kf;fSf;F ,ioj;j kd;dpf;f Kbahj Fw;wk;. ,e;j #o;epiyapy;jhd; ehk;
,dp Aj;j epWj;jj;ijg; NgZtjpy;iy vd KbntLj;Njhk;' vd;whh;.

,e;jpa - jkpoPog; Nghh;

1987Ig;grp 10k; ehs; ,e;jpa - jkpoPog; Nghh; vt;thW Muk;gpj;jJ
vd;gij mg;Nghija jkpof Kjy;th; vk;. Ip. ,uhkr;re;jpuDf;F 1987
Ig;grp 11k; ehs; jiyth; gpughfud; vOjpa fbjj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. 'vkJ jsgjpfSk; NghuhspfSk; mepahakhff; nfhiyAz;l
rk;gtj;jpd; vjpnuhypahf jkpoPok; vq;Fk; td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs;
jiyJhf;fpd. ,d Nkhjy;fs; ntbj;jd. ,e;j td;Kiw Kaw;rpfSf;F
ehk; jhd; fhuzk; vd;Wk; ehk; xg;ge;jj;ij Kwpf;f Kad;wjhfTk; ,e;jpah
vk;kPJ mghz;lkhd gopfisr; Rkj;jpaJ. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J nfhOk;gpy;
,e;jpa ghJfhg;G ke;jpup jpU. ge;j;> ,e;jpa JhJth; jpU. jPl;rpj; ,e;jpa
,uhZtj; jsgjp nyg;bdd; nIduy; Re;ju;Ip MfpNahh; xUGwKk;>
rpwPyq;fh rdhjpgjp nIath;j;jdh> Njrpa ghJfhg;G mikr;rh; mj;Jyj;
Kjyp kWGwKk; tpLjiyg; Gypfis xopj;Jf; fl;Lk; xU rjpj;jpl;lj;ij
cUthf;fpdh;. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;ij jil nra;tJ vd;Wk;> vkJ
NghuhspfSf;F nghJ kd;dpg;G ,y;iynad;Wk; nIath;j;jdh mwptpj;jhh;.
tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F vjpuhffLk; ,uhZt eltbf;if vLf;f ,e;jpah
KbT nra;jpUg;gjhf jpU. ge;j; mwptpj;jhh;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J ,e;jpa
rkhjhdg; gil tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kPJ xU tprkj;jdkhd jhf;Fjiyj;
njhlq;fpaJ. 1987 Ig;grp 10k; ehs; fhiy mikjpg;gilapdh; aho;g;ghz
efupYs;s ,U jkpo; jpdrupg; gj;jpupiff; (<oKuR> Kunrhyp)
fhupahyaq;fSf;Fs; GFe;jdh;. gpd;dh; gj;jpupif mr;R ,ae;jpuj;jpw;Fs;
ntbFz;Lfis itj;J mtw;iwj; jfh;j;jdh;. mjd;gpd; ez;gfy;
tpLjiyg;Gypfis Ntl;ilahb mopf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; Nfhl;il ,uhZt
Kfhkpy; ,Ue;j ,e;jpa mikjpg;gilapdh; aho; efUf;Fs; gpuNtrpf;f
Kad;wdh;. mth;fis ehk; jLf;f Kad;Nwhk;. mth;fs; vk;ik Nehf;fpj;
Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahfk; nra;jdh;. ehk; vkJ jw;ghJfhg;Gf;fhf jpUg;gpr;
Rl;Nlhk;. Nghh; %z;lJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; gPuq;fp> lhq;fp Nghd;w fduf
MAjq;fs; rfpjk; FbapUg;Gf;fs; epiwe;j gFjpfs; kPJ kzpf;fzf;fhd
jhf;Fjy;fis elj;jpdh;. njhlh;e;Jk; elj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy;
vkJ Nghuhspfs; kl;Lkd;wp nghJkf;fs; gyUk; ngUkstpy; kbe;J
nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. nghJ kf;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhYk; guthapy;iy>
tpLjiyg; Gypfis mopj;J tplNtz;Lk; vd;W fq;fzk; fl;b epw;fpwJ
,e;jpa ,uhZtk;. ehyhgf;fKk; Kw;Wifaplg;gl;l epiyapy; ehk; vkJ
jw;ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Nghuhb tUfpNwhk;. capUld; ifjhfp mtkhdg;gl;Lr;
rhtijtpl Nghuhb ,wg;gNj NkyhdJ vd;w ,yl;rpaj;Jld; ehk; Jg;ghf;fp
Ve;jpAs;Nshk;.

Aj;jk; jPtpukhf eilngw;wJ. aho; Flhehl;il ifg;gw;w ,e;jpag;gil

xU khjfhyk; Nghupl;lJ. ,g;Nghiuj; jiyth; gpughfud; jiyikNaw;W
tpLjiyg; Gypfis topelj;jpdhh;. njhlu;r;rpahd nfupy;yhg; Nghh;Kiwjhd;
,dpNky; ,e;jpag; gilia vjpu;nfhs;sj; jFe;j Nghh;Kiw vdj;
jPh;khdpj;J> jiyth; gpughfud; jdJ NghuhspfSld; jkpoPof; fhLfSf;Fr;
nrd;whh;.

nfupy;yh Nghh; njhlh;e;jJ. ,e;jpag; gilapdh; jug;gpy; ngUk; Nrjk;

Vw;gl;lJ. tpLjiyg; Gypfis vjph; nfhs;sj; jpuhzpaw;w ,e;jpag; gil
nghJkf;fs; kPJ jdJ ntwpj;jdj;ijf; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;Lg; nghJ kf;fs;
gyiuf; nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. ngz;fs; gyiu ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fl;gLj;jp
nfhiy nra;jJ.

,e;jg; Nghh; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; jiyth; gpughfud;

12.10.1987 ,Yk; 14.10.1987 ,Yk; 13.01.1988 ,Yk; ,e;jpag;gpujkh;
,uhIPt;fhe;jpf;Fg; Nghh; epWj;jj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L jkf;F mspj;j cWjp
nkhopfspd;gb ,ilf;fhy muirj; jkpo;g;gFjpfspy; epWtpdhy; jhk;
MAjq;fis xg;gilf;fj; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhf cWjpaspj;Jf; fbjk;
mDg;gpdhh;. Mdhy; uhIPt; fhe;jp jiyth; gpughfuidf; nfhd;W> jkpoPo
tpLjiy murpay; ,yl;rpaj;ij mwNt xopj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
ntwpAld; jd;Dila MAjg; gilfis ,yl;rf;fzf;fpy; jkpoPoj;jpy;
,wf;fptpl;lhh;. Nghh; njhlh;e;jJ.

jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth;

'jkpoPo tpLjiy' vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L MAjk; Jhf;fpg; Nghuhlg;
Gwg;gl;l jkpo;f;FOf;fs; vy;yhk; jkpoPo kf;fSf;Fj; JNuhfk; nra;J.
'jkpoPotpLjiy' vd;w ,yl;rpaj;ijf; iftpl;L ,e;jpa> rpwPyq;fh muRfspd;
iff;$ypfshf khwpr; nraw;glj; njhlq;fpdh;.
Mdhy; jiyth; gpughfuNdh rhjp> rka> gpuNjr NtWghL ,d;wp> jkpoPo
kf;fs; midtiuAk; xd;wpizj;J ,e;jpa ,uhZt Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghiu Kd;ndLj;jhh;. cyfk; ghh;j;J tpae;J epw;f
rpd;dQ; rpwpa jkpoPo Njrk; tPuhNtrj;Jld; Nghupl;lJ. ,yq;ifj; jPtpy;
me;epa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf eilngWk; Nghiu jiyik jhq;fp elj;Jk;
xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; mw;w Kjy; jiytd; gpughfud; jhd; vd;W rpwPyq;fh
ehl;L rpq;fs kf;fSk; Gfoe;jdh;. ,g;Nghh; cf;fpukhf eilngw;w fhyg;
gFjpapy; ,Ue;J jiyth; gpughfud; vd;w epiy 'jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth;
gpughfud;' vd jkpo; kf;fs; jkpoPoj;jpYk; cynfq;fpYk; miof;fj;
njhlq;fpdh;.

md;id G+gjp jpahfr; rhT

,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhfj; jha;f;Fyk; vOr;rp nfhz;L Nghuhlg;
Gwg;gl;l NghJ njd; jkpoPoj;jpy; cs;s kl;lf;fsg;gpy; md;id G+gjp jd;
tapw;wpdpy; Nghh; njhLj;J rhFk;tiu cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;ij
njhlq;fpdhh;. tpLjiyg; GypfSld; Ngr;R thh;j;ij elhj;J vd;W ,e;jpa
muRf;Ff; $wp cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;ij njhlq;fpdhh;. Mdhy; fhe;jpak;
gw;wp Gfo;e;Jiuf;Fk; ,e;jpa Njrj;Jg; gpujkh; md;id G+gjpapd;
cz;zhtpujj;ij vs;speifahbdhh;. md;id G+gjp 19.04.1988 ,y; 'jpahfr;
rhT' mile;jhh;.

md;id G+gjpapd; jpahfr; rhT gw;wp mwpf;if xd;iw jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;

jiyth; gpughfud; tpLj;jhh;. 'vkJ Gdpj tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
tuyhw;Wf; fhtpakhfptpl;l vkJ jpahfpfspy; md;id G+gjp Xh; cd;dj
,lj;ijg; ngWfpwhh;. xU ngz;zhf> xU jhahf> xU FLk;gj;jpd;
jiytpahf tho;e;J te;j rhjhuz tho;f;ifiaj; Jwe;J> rhjhuz gw;W
cwTfisj; Jwe;J> jdJ ,dj;jpd; tpLjiyf;fhf mth; jdJ capiu
mh;g;gzpj;jhh;. ,e;jpa ,uhZt mlf;FKiwf;F vjpuhf mth; njhLj;j
mwg;Nghh; fhe;jpa Njrj;ij jiyFdpa itj;jJ. jdp kdpjg; gpwtpahf
mth; rhftpy;iy. jkpoPoj;jha;f; Fyj;jpd; vOr;rp tbtkhf mtuJ jpahfk;
cd;dj tbtk; milfpwJ" vd;whh;.

khtPuh; ehs; (fhh;j;jpif 27)

,e;jpa jkpoPog;Nghh; cf;fpuk; mile;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyg; gFjpapy;
tpLjiyg;Gypfs; jpdKk; jk;Kapiu jkpoPo tpLjiyf;fhf mh;g;gzpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jdh;. 1989> fhh;j;jpif 27> md;W mlh;e;j jkpoPof; fhL xd;wpy;
jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfud;> KjyhtJ tpLjiyg;Gypg; Nghuhsp
tPur;rhT mile;j ehshd ~fhh;j;jpif 27~I ~khtPuh; ehs;~ Mfg;
gpufldg;gLj;jp ciuahw;Wk; NghJ> 'vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,d;W xU
Kf;fpakhd ehs;. ,Jtiu fhyKk; vkJ Gdpj ,yl;rpakhd jkpoPo
,yl;rpaj;Jf;fhf caph;j; jpahfk; nra;j 1207 Nghuhspfis epidT $Uk;
Kfkhf ,e;j khtPuh; ehis ehq;fs; Muk;gpj;Js;Nshk;. Kjy; Kiwahf
,d;W ,e;j khtPuh; ehis ehq;fs; Muk;gpj;Js;Nshk;. vj;jidNah cyf
ehLfspy; me;j ehLfspd; tpLjiyf;fhfg; Nghupl;l gil tPuh;fspd;>
ghJfhg;Gf;fhf Nghupl;l gil tPuh;fspd; epidthfTk; ,g;gbg;gl;l khtPuh;
ehl;fisf; nfhz;lh1LtJ tof;fk;. cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;> ,Jtiu
fhyKk; vkJ ,af;fj;jpy; tPur;rhT mile;j xt;nthU Nghuhspf;Fkhfj;
jdpg;gl;l epidT ehl;fisf; nfhz;lhLtJ tof;fk;. Mdhy; ,e;j
tUlj;jpy; ,Ue;J tPur;rhT mile;j vy;NyhiuAk; nkhj;jkhf tUlj;jpy;
xUehs; epidT $h;e;J me;j ehisNa ~khtPuh; ehs;~ Mfg; gpufldg;gLj;jp
cs;Nshhk;. mjw;F ,d;DnkhU fhuzKk; cz;L. mjhtJ vq;fsJ
tpLjiyg; Nghuhspfspy; Kjyhtjhf tPur;rhT mile;j ~rq;fhpd;~ epidT
jpdkhf ,d;W me;j khtPuh; ehis ehq;fs; gpufldg;gLj;jp cs;Nshk;.
mj;NjhL toikahf vq;fs; kf;fspy; xU gof;fk; cz;L. cah;e;j
gjtpfs;> trjpahdth;fs; ,g;gbg; gl;lth; fisj;jhd; nghpjhfg; ghh;f;Fk;
gof;fk; cz;L. mJNghy; vkJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpYk; jiyth;fis
kl;Lk; gpupj;J mth;fsJ nra;iffis kl;Lk; ngupjhfg; ghh;f;ff; $lhJ
vd;gjw;fhfTk; vy;yhg; NghuhspfSk; rkk; vd;Dk; Xh; Nehf;fj;JlDk; ,e;j
ehis ehk; nfhz;lhl KbT vLj;Js;Nshk;. mjhtJ vkJ Nghuhspfis
epidT $Uk; jpdj;ij xU ehspy; itg;gjhy; vy;NyhUk; md;W vkJ
,af;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tPur;rhT mile;j jiyth;fspy; ,Ue;J rhjhuzkhfg;
Nghuhb tPur;rhT mile;j cWg;gpdh;tiu vy;NyhiuAk; rkkhfj;jhd;
fUJfpNwhk; vd;gJld;> tPur;rhT mile;j vy;yh Nghuhspfspd; epidT
ehl;fisAk; xd;whf epidj;J khtPuh; ehshf ,d;W nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;.
,y;yhtpl;lhy; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpyrpy Ml;fSf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;L> me;j khpahijfs; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy Ml;fSf;Fg; Nghfhky;
jLj;J> vy;NyhUNk rkkhf xNu ehspy; epidT $ug;glNtz;Lk;
vd;gjw;fhfj; jhd; ,e;j khtPuh;ehs; nfhz;lhLtjw;F KbntLj;Njhk;. Xh;
,dj;ijg; nghWj;j tiu tPuh;fisAk; mwpthspfisAk; ngz;fisAk;
kjpf;fhj ,dk; Xh; fhl;Lkpuhz;b ,dkhfj;jhd; khwp mope;JtpLk;.
vq;fSila ,dj;jpy; mwpthspfs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. kw;w ehLfSld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ vq;fs; ,dj;jpy; ngz;fis Gdpjkhf kjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
mNjNtis tPuh;fSf;Fj;jhd; gQ;rkhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,d;W ,e;j khtPuh;
ehspy;> xU khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jp tpl;Nlhk;. Mk;> vkJ tPuh;fisf;$l ehk;
nfsutpf;f Muk;gpj;Js;Nshk;.

,Jtiu fhyKk; vq;fSila ,dj;jpy; tPuh;fs; vd;why; ahh; vd;W

Nfl;Fk; epiy ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,d;W ehk; vk; ,dj;jpd; tPuh;fis epidT
$Uk; ehs; xd;iw cUthf;fpAs;Nshk;. vdNt ,dp vkJ ,dk; epr;rakhf
mopahJ. ,d;W vkJ ,dk; cyfpNyNa jiyepkph;e;J ,Uf;fpwJ vd;why;
mjw;Ff; fhuzk; vkJ 1307 Nghuhspfspd; caph;j;jpahfk;jhd;.
mth;fSila tPukhd> jkJ capiuNa kjpahJ Nghuhba cz;ikahd
jpahfk; jhd; vq;fSf;F ,d;W cyf ehLfspy; xU khpahijia
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vdNt ,e;j khtPuh; ehis ehq;fs; vq;fSila
tho;ehspy; Kf;fpakhd tpohthf ,d;wpypUe;J xt;nthU tUlKk;
nfhz;lhl Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;whh;.

rpwPyq;fh muR tpLjiyg;Gypfs; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij

1988,y; Gjpa rdhjpgjpahf gjtpNaw;w gpNukjhr 1989,y; ,Ue;Nj
tpLjiyg;Gypfis rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;F tUkhW khwp khwp miog;Gf;fis
tpLj;jhh;. jkpoPo kz;zpy; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;gpw;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp
itj;jplNtz;Lk; vd jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSk; tpUk;gpajhy; jkpoPoj;
Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfud; gpNukjhrhtpd; miog;ig Vw;f KbT nra;jhh;.
jkpoPo Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfudpd; tpNtfkhd ,uhrje;jpu fha;efh;j;jyhy;
,e;jpa - rpwPyq;fh cwTfspy; gifik %z;lJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;ij
ntspNaWkhW gpNukjhrh gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;jhh;.

rpwPyq;fhtpd; miog;gpd; Ngupy; mikjpfhf;fg; NghupLtjhff; $wp te;j

,e;jpa muRf;F epiyik rq;flkhfpaJ. mtkhdg;gl;L Nghupy; jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfsplk; gLNjhy;tpaile;J Kfj;jpy; fupg+rpagb ,e;jpa
,uhZtk; gq;Fdp 1990,y; jkpoPoj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpr; nrd;wJ.

,e;jpa gpuhe;jpa ty;yuR tpLj;j kpfg; ngUk; ,uhZt rthiy jkpoPoj;

Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfudpd; cWjpahd ,uhZt eltbf;iffshYk;>
<LnfhLf;f Kbahky; ,e;jpa murhYk; mjd; ,uhZj;jhYk; cUthf;fg;
gl;l ~jkpo; Njrpa ,uhZtk;~ vd;w $ypg;gil rpjWz;L XbaJ.
ngUk;ghd;ikNahh; Majq;fSld; ruzile;jdh;. khfhzrig ftpo;e;jJ.
,e;jpa murpd; ,Wjpj;jpl;lKk; jtpLnghbahfpaJ.

jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;jiyth; gpughfud; jdJ kiwtplj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNa

te;jhh;. rpwPyq;fh muRf;Fk; tpLjiyg;GypfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; njhlh;e;jd. ,Wjpapy; rpq;fs ,dthjj;jpd; Vkhw;W
Ntiyfshy;> tpNtfkhd murpay; efh;TfspdhYk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
,af;fk; ntw;wp nfhz;lJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ntspNawpa gpuNjrq;fs; Jhpj
fjpapy; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; trk; tPo;e;jd. ,y;lrpa cWjpAk; Nghh;
mDgtKk; tPuKk; kpFe;j tpLjiyg;Gypg; giltPuh;fspd; kpd;dy; Ntfj;
jhf;Fjy;fSf;F Ngr;Rthh;j;ij cUg;gbahd jPh;Tfs; gw;wp Muhag;glhJ
Kwpe;J NghdJ.

jkpoPog; Nghh; 2
rpq;fsf; fhty;Jiwapdhpd;> <Lgl;l tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijf;
FO muRf;F Rl;bf;fhl;b te;jdh;. Mdhy; rpwPyq;fh muNrh mJgw;wpa
mf;fiwapd;wp ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; KWfy; epiy
Vw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ Mdp 10> ,uhZtj;jpdhpd; mj;JkPwpy;fs;
gw;wpg; gyKiw rpwPyq;fh muRld; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; 1990 ,y;
njd;jkpoPoj;jpy; cs;s fy;Kid vd;w ,lj;jpy; ,];yhkpaj; jkpoh;
xUtUf;F vjpuhf rpq;fsf; fhtw;Jiwapdh; Nkw;nfhz;l kdpjThpik kPwy;
fhuzkhf tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk; rpq;fsf; fhty;JiwapdUf;Fk; ,ilapy;
vOe;j rr;ruT ,Wjpapy; Aj;jkhf %z;lJ. jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth;
gpughfud; mth;fs; cldbahfNt ,t;Aj;jj;ij KbTf;F nfhz;L
tUtjw;Fhpa eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;l NghJk; rpwPyq;fhtpd; rpq;fs
,dthj muRk; mjd; gilfSk; jkpopd mopg;Gk; jkpo;kz; gwpg;GNk jkJ
,Wjp KbT vd;w uPjpapy; nraw;gl;l NghJ jkpoPo kf;fisAk; jkpoPo
kz;izAk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fr; rpwPyq;fh muR Vtptpl;l Aj;jj;ij
vjph;nfhs;tijj; jtpu NtWtop ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

1991 Gul;lhjp 1k; ehs; jkpoPog; gj;jphpifahsh;fisr; re;jpj;J

mg;Nghija murpay;> ,uhZt epiyikfs; gw;wp tpsf;Fk;NghJ 'jkpoPog;
Nghh; 2 njhlq;Fk; NghJ ,Ue;j gy rpq;fs ,uhZt Kfhk;fs; jw;NghJ
,y;iy. nfhf;fhtpy;> khq;Fsk; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;j ,uhZt
Kfhk;fs; mopf;fg;gl;ljhy; td;dp;g; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp vkJ
fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. aho; Nfhl;il Kfhk;
mopf;fg;gl;ljhy; aho;g;ghzj;jpd; efug;gFjpAk; tpLtpf;fg;gl;lJ.
MidapwTg; Nghhpy; kuG uPjpahd ,uhZt mzpahf vjphpfSld; Neubahf
Nkhjp mopf;Fk; epiyapd; Kjw;gbia vLj;J itj;NJhk;. nghpa
vz;zpf;ifapyhd ,uhZtj;ij ePz;l ehl;fshf jLj;J itj;Jg;
Nghupl;Nlhk;. MidapwTg; Nghupy; Vw;gl;l ,og;Gf;fSf;F mQ;rpdhy; Aj;jk;
elj;j KbahJ. ,og;Gf;fis tsh;r;rpapd; Cd;W Nfhyhff; fUjNtz;Lk;.
10-07-91 ,y; MidapwTg; Nghh; Muk;gpj;J 23-08-91 tiuapyhd 43 ehs;
Nghhpy; 564 Nghuhspfis ,oe;jpUf;fpNwhk;. vjph;ghh;j;jijtpl ngupastpy;
gilapdh; ,wf;fg;gl;L ePz;l ehl;fs; ,lk; ngw;w Aj;jj;ijg; ghh;j;jhy;
vkJ jug;gpyhd ,og;G ngupnjdr; nrhy;y KbahJ. Jd;gq;fis
mDgtpf;Fk; kf;fsplk; mLj;J vd;d vd;w Vf;fk; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;Ak;.
vdpDk; ngupa mstpy; mth;fs; mzpjpus Ntz;Lk;. Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
,og;Gf;fis clDf;Fld; <Lnra;a Ntz;Lk;. kf;fs; KOikahf
vk;Nkhbize;J vkJ f\;lJd;gq;fisAk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ehk;
epge;jidaw;w tifapy; rpwPyq;fh muRld; NgRtjw;F vg;NghJk; jahuf
,Uf;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; Ngr;Rthhj;ijf;Fupa #o;epiyia rpwPyq;fh muRjhd;
cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,yq;ifj; jPtpy; rpwPyq;fh muRf;F
vjpuhfj;jhd; NghuhLfpwhh;fs;. ,e;jpa muR tpLjiyg; Gypfisg; gw;wpf;
ftiyg;glj; Njitapy;iy vd;Nw fUJfpd;Nwd;.

kiyafj; jkpo;kf;fspd; njhlUk; Jd;gq;fSf;F kiyafj;

jiyikfspd; njhlUk; JNuhfNk fhuzk; vd;gij kiyafj; jkpo; kf;fs;
Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ve;j MAjj;jhYk; vj;jifa Fz;L tPr;rhYk;
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij mopj;Jtpl KbahJ" vd;whh;.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kfsph; mikg;G

1984 ,d; Muk;gg;gFjpapy; Kjd; Kjyhf ngz;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;

Gypfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; kiwKfkhf MjuT
ey;fj; njhlq;fpath;fs; gpd;G jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; Nt. gpughfudpd;
mDkjpAld; MAjg;gapw;rp ngw;W ,e;jpa - jkpoPog; Nghh; 1987 Ig;grp 10
,y; Muk;gkhfpa NghJ Neubahf Aj;jKidf;Fr; nrd;W gy tPu
rhjidfis ,d;Wtiu gilj;J tUfpwhh;fs;.

tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kfsph; mikg;Gf; Fwpj;J jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth;

Nt. gpughfud; njhptpf;ifapy;> 'vkJ r%fj;jpd; rdj;njhifapy;
ngUk;ghd;ik ,lj;ij tfpf;Fk; ngz;fs; njhlh;e;Jk; mbikj;jdj;jpy;
tho;e;J te;jhy; vkJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij xU Njrpa Nghuhl;lkhf
Kd;ndLg;gJ fbdk;. ,jid czh;e;Jjhd; vkJ ,af;fk; ngz;
tpLjiyia Kjd;ikg; gLj;jpaJ. ngz;fis murpay; kag;gLj;jp
Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F mth;fis mzp jpul;baJ. ,t;tifapy; ehk; jkpoPog;
r%fk; kj;jpapy; xU nghpa Gul;rpia epfo;j;jp ,Uf;fpNwhk;. jkpoh;
tuyhw;wpNyNa eilngwhj Gul;rp xd;W jkpoPoj;jpy; eilngw;wpUf;fpwJ.
fhyk; fhykhf mLf;fisapy; mlq;fpg; NghapUe;j jkpoPog; ngz;zpdk;
,d;W MAjk; Ve;jp epw;fpwJ. rPUil jhpj;J epw;fpwJ. fhyk; fhykhf
Jhq;fpf; fple;j ngz;zpdk; ,d;W tpopg;gile;J> vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; xU
Gul;rpfu rf;jpahf vOr;rp nfhz;L epw;fpwJ. tPuj;jpYk; jpahfj;jpYk;
tpLjiyAzh;tpYk; Mz;fSf;F vt;tifapYk; risj;jth;fs; my;yh;
vd;gij vkJ ngz; Nghuhspfs; jkJ tPurhjidfs; %yk; ep&gpj;Jf;
fhl;bAs;sdh;" vd;whh;.

tpLjiyg; Gypfs; khzth; mikg;G

xU ehl;bd; vjph;fhyk; me;ehl;bd; ,isa jiyKiwapdupd;
iffspNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. MfNt ,isa jiyKiwapdh;
mwpTs;sth;fshf> Mw;wy; kpFe;jth;fshf> nghWg;Gzh;T nfhz;lth;fshf
tsh;f;fg;gl Ntz;baJ xU fl;lhaj; Njit. vdNt mjw;Nfw;w tifapy;
,sQ;rpwhh;fSf;Ff; fy;tp Cl;lg;gl Ntz;baJk; kpf Kf;fpakhd
njhd;whfpwJ. MfNtjhd; vkJ Njr khzth;fspd; eyd; fUjp> jkpoPoj;
Njrpaj; jiytupd; Mizg;gb cUthf;fg;gl;l mikg;Gj;jhd;
'tpLjiyg;Gypfs; khzth; mikg;G".

flw;Gypfs;
vkJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lk; fle;J te;j xt;nthU tsh;r;rpf; fl;lj;jpYk;
jkpoPof; fly; kpfg;ngupa ghj;jpuj;ij tfpj;Js;sJ. 1984k; Mz;L jiyth;
gpughfud; mth;fs; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd;> flw;Gypfs; gilg;gpuptpw;F
mjd; tuyhw;W uPjpahd gpwg;igf; nfhLj;J> Muk;gj;jpy; mjw;F
~flw;Gypfs;~ vd;w ngah; #l;bdhh;. RpwPyq;fhf; flw;gilf;Fr; rthy;tpLk;
mstpw;F> tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; flw;Gypfs; mzp ,d;W tsh;eJ ; s;sJ.
,t;tikg;gpy; Mz; Nghuhspfspd; mzpAld;> flw;Gypfs; kfsph; gil mzp
01-03-1992 md;W Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L Mz;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;Fr; rkkhd jkJ
gq;fspg;ig Mw;wp rhjid gilj;J tUfpd;wdh;.

jkpoh; Gdh;tho;Tf; fofk;

1985 y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l jkpoh; Gdh;tho;Tf; fofj;jpd; Njitgw;wp jkpoPoj;
Njrpaj; jiyth; Nt. gpughfud; mth;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ 'jkpoPo kf;fs;
,U Nghh; Kidfisr; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. xd;W rpq;fs
,uhZt Mf;fpukpg;ig vjph;j;J kz;kPl;Fk; Nghh;Kid> kw;iwaJ rpq;fsg;
Ngupdthj murpd; nghUshjhuj; jilfs; vd;Dk; mlf;F Kiwia vjph;j;J
cw;gj;jpg; Nghh;Kid. ,jak; vt;thW FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lj;ij xOq;F gLj;jp
Neha;fisAk; ghjpg;Gf;fisAk; ntd;wpl clYf;F cjTfpd;wNjh mt;thNw
jkpoh; Gdh;tho;Tf; fofKk; jkpoPok; vq;Fk; ciog;igf; FUjpaha; Xl
itj;J jkpoPo kf;fspd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wpapd; mj;jpthukhf
jpfo Ntz;Lk;" vd;whh;.

,t; mikg;gpd; tsh;r;rpahy; ,d;W jkpoPoj;jpy; gy FLk;gq;fs;

epthuzj;ij ek;gp thohky; jhkhfr; Ranjhopy; %yk; thOk; epiyiaj;
jkpoh; Gdh;tho;Tf; fofk; Vw;gLj;jp tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jkpoPo nghUz;kpa Nkk;ghl;Lf;fofk;

itfhrp 6> 1994 Ntshd; kd;dh;fSf;F gupR mspj;J nfsutpj;J

ciuahw;wpa jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; Nt. gpughfud;> 'jkpoPok; xU
nropg;ghd G+kp> tsq;fs; gy epiwe;j Njrk;@ jd;dpiwthd
nghUshjhuj;ijf; fl;b vOg;gp mjid mgptpUj;jpg; ghijapy;
,l;Lr;nry;yf; $ba ePh; tsj;ijAk; epy tsj;ijAk; kdpj njhopyhf;f
tsj;ijAk; nfhz;lJ. ,aw;ifapd; nfhilahf vkf;F toq;fg;gl;l ,e;j
tsq;fis ehk; ,dk; fz;L mtw;iw cr;rg; gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L
tuNtz;Lk;. kf;fspd; Njitfis epiwT nra;Ak; tifapy; jpwikahd
jpl;lkpLjypd; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ntshz;ikAk;
ifj;njhopYNk nghUz;kpaf; fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F mbj;jskhdJ. ,e;j ,U
JiwfisAk; fl;b tsh;g;gjpy; ehk; Kf;fpa ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j ,yf;fpy; ~ jkpoPo nghUz;kpa Nkk;ghl;L epWtdk;~ Mf;fG+h;tkhd gy
jpl;lq;fisr; nraw;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Kaw;rpfs; NkYk; NkYk;
jPtpuk; ngw;W> tpLjiy ngWk; jkpoPok; jq;F epiyaw;wjhf jd; fhypy;
jhpj;J epd;W tsh;r;rp ngwf;$bajhf mika Ntz;Lk;" vd;whh;.

fUk;Gypfs; - ,yl;rpaj;jpy; ,Uk;G kdpjh;fs;

fUk;Gypfs; jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L 1993 Mb 5,y; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth;
tpLj;j mwpf;ifapy;> 'fg;ld; kpy;yUld; fUk;Gypfspd; rfhg;jk; Muk;gk;
MfpaJ. vd;WNk cyfk; fz;buhj> vz;zpg; ghh;f;fTk; Kbahj jpahfg;
gilazp xd;W jkpoPoj;jpy; cjakhfpaJ. fUk;Gypfs; tpj;jpahrkhdth;fs;.
mg+h;tkhd gpwtpfs;. ,Uk;G Nghd;w cWjpAk; gQ;R Nghd;w neQ;rKk;
nfhz;lth;fs;. jq;fsJ moptpy; kf;fsJ Mf;fj;ijf; fhZk; Mokhd
kdpj Neak; gilj;jth;fs;. fUk;Gyp vd;w nrhw;gjj;jpy; fUikia kNdh
jplj;jpw;Fk;> cWjpg;ghl;bw;FNk ehk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwhk;. ,d;ndhU mh;j;j
ghpkhzj;jpy; ,UisAk; mJ FwpaPL nra;Ak;. ghh;itf;Fg; Gyg;glhj
G+lfkhd ,ufrpaj; jd;ikiaAk; nraw;ghl;ilAk; mJ Fwpj;J epw;Fk;.
vdNt fUk;Gyp vd;w nrhy; gy mh;j;jq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. Mokhd gbtkhf
mikag; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,ufrpaj; jd;ik fUk;Gypfspd; nraw;ghl;L
ntw;wpf;F %yjhukhdJ. ,J fUg;Gypfspd; rfhg;jk;. ,e;jg; Gjpa Afj;jpy;
vkJ Nghuhl;lk; Gjpa gupkhzq;fspy; tphpAk;. rhTf;F tpyq;fpl;l kwth;fs;
Gjpa rupj;jpuk; gilg;ghh;fs;. vkJ re;jjpapd; tpbTf;F tpsf;Nfw;wp
itg;ghh;fs;"> vd;W njhptpj;jhh;.

gq;Fdp 8 ngz;fs; jpdk;

midj;Jyf ngz;fs; jpdkhd gq;Fdp 8> 1992 ,y; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;
jiyth; gpughfud; tpLj;j mwpf;ifapy;> 'ngz; tpLjiy vDk; nghOJ
mur xLf;F KiwapypUe;Jk; nghUshjhu Ruz;ly; KiwapypUe;Jk;
ngz;zpdk; tpLjiy ngWtijNa Fwpf;fpNwhk;. vdNt vkJ ,af;fk;
tbtikj;Js;s ngz; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lkhdJ Njr tpLjiy> r%f
tpLjiy> nghUshjhu tpLjiy vd;w vd;w Fwpf;Nfhs;fis nfhz;l
Kk;Kid tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lkhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mzhjpf;f
xLf;Fkiwf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; my;y. ,J Mzhjpf;f mwpahikf;F
vjpuhd fUj;Jg; Nghuhl;lk;. ,e;jr; rpe;jhe;jg; Nghuhl;lk; Mz;fspd;
kdTyf khw;wj;ijf; Fwpf;Nfhshf nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;whh;.

jkpoPo gilj;Jiwg; gs;sp

1991 Gul;lhjp 19k; ehs; cUthf;fg;gl;l jkpoPo gilj;Jiwg; gs;spapd;
Xuhz;L epiwT jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L mDg;gpa tho;j;Jr; nra;jpapy;> 'jkpoPog;
gilj;Jiwg; gs;sp vdJ Kaw;rpfspy; xd;W. vdJ Njrj;jpd; vjph;fhyr;
rpw;gpfshf xU Gjpa ,sk; guk;giu Njhw;wk; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Mw;wy;
kpFe;jth;fshf> Gj;jprhypfshf> Njrg;gw;W cs;sth;fshf> Nghh;f;fiyapy;
ty;Ydh;fshf Neh;ikAk; fz;zpaKk; kpf;fth;fshf xU Gjpa Gul;rpfukhd
guk;giu Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; guk;giuNa vkJ Njrj;jpd; eph;khzpfshf>
eph;thfpfshf> Ml;rpahsh;fshf cUg;ngw Ntz;Lk;" vd;W Nfl;bUe;jhh;.

nrQ;Nrhiy rpWth; ,y;yk;

Aj;j #o;epiyahy; ngw;Nwhiu> ghJfhtyiu ,oe;j ngz;gps;isfspd;
ghukhpg;Gf;fhf jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiythpd; gzpg;Giuapd; Nghpy; 1991 Ig;grp
23k; ehs; nrQ;Nrhiy rpWth; ,y;yk; Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ
jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfudhy; mDg;gg;gl;l tho;j;Jr; nra;jpapy;
'tuyhw;Wg; ngUikkpf;f Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l #oypy; ,e;jr; nrQ;Nrhiy
tshfj;jpy; ehk; ,d;W ,sk; tpijfisg; gapupLfpd;Nwhk;. ,it Nth;tpl;L
tsh;e;J tpOJfs; gug;gp tpUl;rq;fsha; khwp xU fhyk; jkpoPo Njrj;jpd;
rpe;jidr; Nrhiyahfr; nropg;Gw Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vdJ Mty;. ,e;j
Gul;rpfukhd gzp ntw;wpfukhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl vdJ ey;yhrpfs;" vd;whh;.

jkpoPo fhtw;Jiw
1991 fhh;j;jpif 9k; ehs; jkpoPo kf;fspd; eyd;fisg; NgZtij kl;LNk
Nehf;fkhf thpj;Jf;nfhz;L Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l ~jkpoPo fhtw;Jiw~apdJ
nraw;ghLfs; mjpfhuG+h;tkhf jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; Nt. gpughfud;
mth;fshy; Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpoPo Njrpaj; jiytuhy;
Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l ,f; fhty;Jiw> mtupd; Neubg; nghWg;gpd; fPo;
nray;gLfpwJ. ,f;fhtw;Jiwapd; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;
jiyth; mth;fs; fUj;Jj; njhptpf;Fk; NghJ 'jkpoPof; fhtw;Jiwapdh;
ey;nyhOf;fk;> Neh;ik> fz;zpak;> fl;Lg;ghL Nghd;w rPupa
gz;Gilath;fshf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. nghJ kf;fSf;Fr; Nrit nra;Ak;
kdg;ghq;Fld; r%fePjpf;Fk; r%f Nkk;ghl;Lf;Fk; ciof;Fk; kf;fs;
njhz;lh;fshfTk; flikahw;Wthh;fs;. vkJ gz;ghl;bw;F Vw;w tifapy;
kf;fnshL md;GlDk; gz;GlDk; goFthh;fs;. r%f tpNuhj Fw;wr;
nray;fs; vtw;WlDk; rk;ge;jg;glhjth;fshfTk; Njrg;gw;W
kpFe;jth;fshfTk; 24 kzp NeuKk; gzpahw;Wthh;fs;. jkpoPo
fhtw;Jiwiag; nghWj;jtiu Fw;wq;fs; ele;J Kbe;jgpd; Fw;wthspiaj;
Njbg;gpbj;J $l;by; epWj;JtJ mjd; Nehf;fky;y. Fw;wq;fs; epfohjthW
jLj;Jf; Fw;wr; nray;fsw;w xU r%fj;ijf; fl;b vOg;GtNj mjd;
,yl;rpakhFk;" vd;whh;.

Fwpg;G- ~rpq;fs fhtw;Jiw~apduhy; aho;.nghJ Ehyfk; vupj;Jr;

rhk;gyhf;fg;gl;l epidT ehshd Mdp 1k; ehs; jkpoPo fhtw;Jiwapdh;
jkJ gapw;rpfisj; njhlq;fpdh; vd;gJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; fiy> gz;ghl;Lf; fofk;

vkJ nkhopAk;> fiyAk;> gz;ghLk; vkJ ePz;l tuyhw;wpd; tpOJfshf

vkJ kz;zpy; Mokhf Nt&d;wp epw;git. vkJ fiyAk; gz;ghLk; vkJ
Njrj;jpd; Md;kh. ,e;j Nehf;fj;jpw;Fr; nray; tbtk; nfhLf;Fk; tpLjiyg;
Gypfspd; fiy> gz;ghl;Lf; fofj;jpduhy; elj;jg;gl;l Kj;jkpo; tpohtpw;F
1992 Mb 15 ,y; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; Nt. gpughfud; mDg;gpa
nra;jpapy;> 'vkJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij kf;fs; kakhf;fp> kf;fs;
Nghuhl;lkhf KOikg;gLj;jp kf;fs; muq;fpypUe;J xU gykhd cWjpkpf;f
Njrpa vjph;g;gpaf;fj;ijf; fl;b vOg;Gk; gzp ,d;iwa tuyhw;Wj;
Njitahf vOe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;jj; Njitia G+h;j;jp nra;tjpy; vkJ> fiy
,yf;fpag; gilg;ghspfspd; gq;F Kf;fpakhdJ" vd;W Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhh;.

Gypfspd; Fuy; thndhypr; Nrit

Gypfspd; Fuy; thndhypr; Nritapd; Xuhz;L G+h;j;jp ehis Kd;dpl;L
jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; gpughfud; mDg;gpa tho;j;Jr; nra;jpapy; 'vkJ
vjphpahd rpq;fs muRk; mjd; iff;$ypfshd jkpo;j; JNuhff; FOf;fSk;
vkf;F vjpuhf kpfTk; Nftykhd tp\kg; gpur;rhuq;fis Mw;wp tUfpd;wd.
vjpupapd; ngha;k;ikahd fUj;Jg; NghUf;F vjpuhf cz;ikapd; MAjkhf
vkJ thndhypapd; Fuy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU rj;jpa Aj;jj;jpd; Nghh;
Kurhf Gypfspd; Fuy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;whh;.

jkpoPo rl;lf; fy;Yhup

1993 ij 25k; ehs; jkpoPo rl;lf; fy;Yhupapy; jkpoPo Njrpaj; jiyth;
gpughfud; mth;fs; ciuahWk; NghJ 'jkpoPoj; jdpauR vd;w ,yf;if
Nehf;fp ehk; efh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. me;jj; jdpauRf;fhd
mj;jpthuq;fis ehk; ,g;NghjpUe;Nj fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lk;. ePjpj;Jiw mur
eph;thf ,ae;jpuj;jpy; Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;Fk; xU epWtdk; vd;gjhy;
,g;nghOjpUe;Nj ,j;Jiw rk;ge;jkhf vkJ Nghuhspfshfpa cq;fSf;Fr;
rpwe;j gapw;rp mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. r%f eph;thfj;jpy; ePjpj;Jiw gpujhdkhdJ.
Neh;ik> xOf;fk;> fz;zpak;> fl;Lg;ghL Mfpa gz;Gfisf; nfhz;lth;fNs
ePjpghpghydj;ijf; ifahs Ntz;Lk;. Kd;G ePjpghpghydj;jpw;nfd ehk;
cUthf;fpa ,zf;f kd;Wfs; vd;w mikg;gpy; gy jtWfs; epfo;e;jij
ePq;fs; mwptPh;fs;. ,e;j ,zf;f kd;Wfshy; toq;fg;gl;l jPh;g;GfSk;
kf;fspd; tpku;rdj;jpw;Fk; fz;ldj;jpw;Fk; ,yf;fhfpd. Raeykw;w Kiwapy;>
ghugl;rkw;w Kiwapy; ePjp tOthJ jPhg ; ;Gfs; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. vdNtjhd;
xOq;Fk; fl;Lg;ghLKila vkJ ,af;fj;ijr; Nrh;e;j Nghuhspfisf;
nfhz;l ePjp eph;thfkhdJ xU tYthd murpw;Fk; fl;Lg;ghLila r%f
mikg;gpw;Fk; MzpNtuhdJ. r%f ePjp ruptug; Ngzg;gl;lhy;jhd; rKjhak;
xU cd;dj epiyf;F tsUk;" vd;whh;.

jkpoPo fy;tp Nkk;ghl;Lg; Nguit

jkpoPof; fy;tp Nkk;ghl;Lg; Nguit elj;jpa jkpoPog; nghJf;fy;tpj;
Njh;tpy; rpj;jpaile;j khzth;fisg; ghuhl;b jkpoPo Njrpaj; jiyth; Nt.
gpughfud; 1993 khrp 13 ,y; ntspapl;l mwpf;ifapy; 'kdpj tsh;r;rpf;Fk;
r%f Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk; fy;tp MjhukhdJ. MzpNth; Nghd;wJ. rKjha
tpLjiyf;Fj; jk;ik mh;g;gzpf;Fk; njuptpf;Fk>; fy;tp fw;Fk; cupikf;Fk;
,ilapy; ehk; vd;WNk Kuz;ghl;ilf; fw;gpf;f Kay- tpy;iy. ,uz;LNk
vkJ r%fj;jpd; tho;tpaf;fj;jpw;F ,d;wpaik- ahjit. NghUk; fy;tpAk;
,ize;j xU tho;T ,d;W vkJ tuyhw;Wj; Njitahf cs;sJ. vkJ
Nghuhl;lk; fy;tpf;F ftrkhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy fy;tpAk; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F
fhg;guzhf epw;f Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W jkpoPoj;jpy; fy;tpj;Jiw rPuope;j
epiyapy; cs;sJ. jkpoupd; fy;tpiaj; jpl;lkpl;l tifapy; rpwPyq;fh muR
Gwf;fzpj;J tUfpwJ. vj;jidNah neUf;fbfs; ,lh;ghLfis vjph;nfhz;L
vkJ khzth; r%fk; fy;tpia fw;f Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. jkJ
Mh;tj;jpdhYk; jpwikapdhYk; fLk; ciog;gpdhYk; fy;tp fw;Wg; nghJj;
Njh;Tf;F jahuhdhYk; cupa fhyj;jpy; mit eilngWtjpy;iy. Njh;T
eilngWk; fhyq;fspYk; mur gilfs; mikjpiaf; Fiyj;J tpLfpd;wd.
,j;jid jilfisAk; jhz;bj;jhd; vkJ khzth;fs; Njh;TfSf;F Kfk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; fzpjg; nghJj; juhju
rhjhuz ju Njh;Tf;F <lhf Kjy; jlitahf jkpoPof;fy;tp Nkk; ghl;Lg;
Nguit rpwg;Gw elhj;jp Kbj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j Kaw;rpia ehd; kdg;
G+u;tkhf ghuhl;LtJld; ,j;Njh;tpy; Njhw;wpa Nju;r;rp ngw;w midj;J
khzth;fSf;Fk; vdJ tho;j;Jf;fisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;" vd;W
$wpapUe;jhh;.

jkpoPo ePjpj;Jiwapd; ePjpahsh;>

rl;lthsh;fspd; rj;jpag; gpukhzk;
1993 Mtzp 19 ,y; jkpoPo ePjpj;Jiwapd; ePjpahsh; rl;lthsh;
MfpNahupd; rj;jpag; gpukhz itgtj;jpy; Mw;wpa nrhw;nghoptpy;
'Nghuhspfs; ePjpahsh;fshfTk; rl;lthsh;fshfTk; nghWg;ig Vw;why; jkJ
gpur;rpidfis Neh;ikahf mZfp rupahd Kiwapy; ePjp toq;Fthh;fs; vd
vkJ kf;fs; vjph;ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. Nghuhspfs; xU cd;dj Fwpf;NfhSf;fhf
jkJ capiuAk; Jwf;fj; jahuhfTs;s ,yl;rpathjpfs; vd;gij
nghJkf;fs; mwpthh;fs;. vdNt Nghuhspfshfpa ePq;fs; ePjp eph;thfj;ij
nghWg;Ngw;Fk; nghOJ kf;fs; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhh;fs;. kf;fspd;
vjph;ghh;g;Gfis epiwNtw;Wk; tifapy; ePq;fs; ;Neh;ikAlDk;
nghWg;Gzh;TlDk; nrathw;WtPh;fs; vd ek;GfpNwd;. fw;wJ ifkz; msT>
fy;yhjJ cyfsT vd;ghh;fs;. ,e;j cz;ikapd; mbg;gilapy; ePq;fs;
cyf mDgtj;jpypUe;J epiwaf; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Kay Ntz;Lk;. mDgtk;
%ykhfNt ePq;fs; epiwe;j mwpitg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. kf;fspd;
czh;Tfisg; Gupe;J mth;fspd; Kuz;ghLfisf; fise;J mth;fSf;F ePjp
toq;Ftij cq;fs; flikahff; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Neh;ikahfTk;
cz;ikahfTk; nraw;gLtjpy; gy rpf;fy;fs; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;Ak;. Mdhy;
vg;NghJk; Neh;ik jtwhJ rj;jpaj;jpd; topapy; ePq;fSk; cq;fsJ
flikiar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd cWjpAk; JzpTk; cq;fsplk;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;whh;.

fhe;j&gd; mwpTr;Nrhiy
1993 fhhj;jpif 13k; ehs; fhe;j&gd; mwpTr; Nrhiy jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;
jiyth; Nt. gpughudhy; Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;l NghJ mth; Mw;wpa
ciuapy; 'vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJ md;idahd jkpo; md;id ,e;jr;
rpWth;fisj; jhahf mutizj;jpUf;fpwhs;. vkJ Nghuhspfs; midtUNk
,th;fsJ rNfhjuh;fs;. vkJ ,af;fk; vd;Dk; khngUk; FLk;gj;jpy;
,th;fs; ,izgpupahj mq;fkhf ,ize;J cs;sdh;. jdpf;FLk;gk;> me;jf;
FLk;gj;ij Rw;wp cwTfs; vd;w tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tuk;GfSf;F mg;ghy; xU
gue;j tho;itAk; tpupe;j cwTfisAk; itj;Jf; nfhz;Ltsug;NghFk;
,th;fs;> vjph;fhyj;jpy; vkJ Njrj;jpd; rpw;gpfshfj; jpo;thh;fs; vd;gJ
jpz;zk;. ,e;jr; r%fr; #oypy; ,th;fsplk; kz;gw;Wk; kf;fs; gw;Wk;
Mokhf Nt& <LgLfpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; ,j;jifa r%f Nritfs; ntw;wp
ngw rKjhak; jdJ Mf;fG+h;tkhd cjtpfis kdg;G+h;tkhf toq;f
Ntz;Lk;" vd;W $wpdhh;.

Fwpg;G- ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;J ahUk; mw;w epiyapy; tpLjiyg;Gypfs;

,af;fj;jpy; Nrh;e;j fhe;j&gd; vd;w ,isQd; jhNd tpUk;gp jiytuplk;
Nfl;L fUk;Gypaha; nrd;W tPur;rhit jOtpf; nfhz;lhh;. ,k; khtPud;
jiyth; gpughfudplk; 'ahUk; mw;wtdhf tho;e;j vd;id tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
vd;Dk; FLk;gj;jpy; ,izj;J Mshf;fpaijg; Nghy;> jkpoPoj;jpy;
mehijfshf thOk; gps;isfis ,izj;J mth;fis mehijfs; vd;w
epiyapy; ,Ue;J kPl;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;. me;j khtPudpd;
Miria epiwNtw;Wk; Kfkhf fhe;j&gd; mwpTr;Nrhiy vdg;
ngauplg;gl;lJ.

,yq;ifj; jPtpy; epue;jukhd rkhjhdk;

1994 Gul;lhjp 13k; ehs; ,yz;ld; gp.gp.rpapd; jkpo; Nritapd; rhh;gpy;
jpUkjp.Mde;jp vd;w epUgh; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiytiug; Ngl;b fz;lNghJ
'Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; xU R%fkhd #o;epiyapy;> xU rkhjhdkhd
#o;epiyapy; eilngWtijNa tpUk;GfpNwhk;. xU R%fkhd #o;epiyiaj;
Njhw;Wtpg;gjw;F rpwPyq;fh muRjhd; cUg;gbahd eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rhjhuz rpq;fs kf;fs; Nghiu tpUk;gtpy;iy.
rkhjhdj;ijNa tpUk;Gfpwhh;fs; vd;gJ vkf;F ed;F njhpAk;. ,e;jj;
Njh;jy; KbTfSk; mjidNa ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ehKk;
rkhjhdj;ijNa tpUk;GfpNwhk;. xU epue;jukhd rkhjhdk; Vw;gl;L kf;fs;
midtUk; epk;kjpahf thoNtz;Lk; vd;gijNa tpUk;GfpNwhk;. ,d;W
rkhjhdj;Jf;F Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ Nghh;. vdNt Nghh; xU KbTf;Ff;
nfhz;L tug;gl Ntz;Lk;. ahh; ,e;jg; Nghiuj; jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ
jpzpj;jhh;fNsh mth;fNs ,e;jg; NghUf;F KbTfl;l Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. Nghh;
%yk;> mlf;F Kiwapd; %yk; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;Tfhz
KbahJ vd;gij rpq;fs Njrk; czh;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; kf;fspd;
epahakhd murpay; mgpyhirfis epiwT nra;tjd; %yNk ,d;iwa
,dneUf;fbf;Fj; jPh;T fhzyhk;. rkhjhd top%yNk ,jidr; rhjpf;fyhk;.
,jid rpq;fs ,dthj murpay;thjpfSf;Fk; ,uhZtthjpfSf;Fk; rpq;fs
kf;fNs czh;j;j Ntz;Lk;. ehk; rpq;fs kf;fis Nerpf;fpNwhk;. ehk; rpq;fs
kf;fSf;F tpNuhjkhdth;fs; my;y. rpq;fs jkpo; kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
vOe;j Kuz;ghLfSf;Fk; gifikf;Fk; ,dthj rf;jpfNs fhuzk;. ,e;j
,dthj rf;jpfisr; rpq;fs kf;fs; ,dk; fz;L xJf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
mg;NghJjhd; ,yq;ifj;jPtpy; epue;jukhd rkhjhdk; Vw;gLk;" vd;W
$wpapUf;fpwhh;.