Cheat Sheet – Differential Equations

Variable Separable Reducible to Variable Separable

Form Form
dy dy
= F(x). G(y) = f(ax + by + c)
dx dx
Solution Solution
dy dy dt
Separate the variables: = F(x)dx Substitute ax + by + c = t ⇒ a + b =
G(y) dx dx
dy 1 dt
Integrate both sides: ∫ = ∫ F(x)dx Convert the equation: ( − a) = f(t)
G(y) b dx
dt
Separate the variables: = dx
bf(t) + a
dt
Integrate both sides: ∫ = ∫ dx
bf(t) + a

Homogeneous Reducible to Homogeneous

Form Form
dy y dy ax + by + c a b
= f( ) = ; ≠
dx x dx px + qy + r p q
Solution Solution
dv dy Put x = X + h, y = Y + k
Put y = vx ⇒ v + x =
dx dx
dv where ah + bk + c = 0, ph + qk + r = 0
Convert the equation: v + x = f(v)
dx
dv dx dY aX + bY
Separate the variables: = Convert the equation: =
f(v) − v x dX pX + qY
dv dx
Integrate both sides: ∫ =∫ Solve as a homogeneous differential equation
f(v) − v x

Linear Reducible to Linear

Form Form
dy dy
+ P(x)y = Q(x) f′(y) + P(x)f(y) = Q(x)
dx dx
Solution Solution
Calculate Integrating Factor: I(x) = e∫ P(x)dx dy dt
Substitute f(y) = t ⇒ f ′ (y) =
dx dx
dt
Solution: y. I(x) = ∫ Q(x). I(x)dx Convert the equation: + P(x)t = Q(x)
dx

Solve as a linear differential equation

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