URUMU DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF BANK MANAGEMENT COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

HUMAN RIGHTS

UNIT-I

1. What is human Rights?

Human rights are the rights of individual men and women to base freedom such as
freedom of speech, freedom of association. They are fundamental and non-transfer of every human being
and considered as essential for a person’s living as human being.

2. Definition of human rights?

Section 2(d) of protection of human rights act 1993 defines human rights as ‘(rights
relating to rights, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Indian constitution or
embodied in the international covenants and enforceable by Indian courts

3. What is liberty?

Founded in 1934, liberty is a member ship organization at the heart of the movement
foundation rights &freedom in the human rights.

4. What is equality?

Equality is about ensuring that every individual has an equal opportunity to make the most
of their lives & talents, &believing that no one should have poorer life change because of here what or
whom they were born , what they believing or whether they have a disability, equality regaganise that
historically certain groups of people with particular features.

5. What is Political Rights?

Political rights or civil rights cannot be separately considered, both are inseparable and
they can only be enumerated as two kinds of rights economic, social and civil rights.

6. What are the kinds of human rights?

Human right the equal and inherent generally human rights cannot be separated or
divided as they are inter-dependent.

Civil rights, Political rights,

Economic, Social & Cultural Rights.

7. What are Civil Rights?

Protection of rights to life and rights to personal liberty are under stand as civil rights,
rights to life indicates no person can be deprived of his life, against his will except thought punishment
for the offences he has committed.
8. What is identifying rights?

Human rights are identified to general rights than specific rights .They are considered to
be universal to entire Mankind .This indicated that no particular rights come within the scope of human
rights .for example social security rights arise to a person from being a citizen in a particular type of as
against from being an individual.

9. Give any five needs for the study of human rights?

The study of human rights is wide .it aims to identify and protect conventional rights.

 Rights of life
 Rights to a fair deal
 Rights to marry
 Rights to education
 Rights to free election

10. Nature of rights?

Rights as such are gained to have its recognition as early as twelfth century. The glories revolution
1688, American Revolution and the French revolution had its inspiration from the doctrine of nature
rights of any modern country, rights are often the vital constituent in its constitutional frame work.

UNIT -II

1. What is UNO & Human Rights?

United Nations Organization (UNO) recognizes the significance of human rights. The rights
applicable to them are adapted and implemented by UNO through its declarations, covenants’ and
charter. The declarations and covenants’ are governed by International laws and principles. There are
two ways to understand whether an individual is a subject of international law or only governed
by the law of land. The issue had two opinions regarding the interference of UNO towards human
rights. One opinion is that UNO has no domestic jurisdiction within the territory of member states
and the other is that UNO has absolute powers in the domestic affairs of members states i.e., UNO
has domestic jurisdiction.

2. What are the duties of Human Rights?

* Compassion for fellow members

* Respecting human values

* Freedom of Knowledge

* Free from Want

* Freedom from violence

* Freedom from exploitation

3. What is Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976?

This Act proves be a significant enactment in protecting the human rights of bonded labour and

An age Act existing in India. The main focus of this Act is to abolish bonded labour and

Furnish persons who practice bonded labour. The Act has prescribed the punishment and the

Nature of punishment is imprisonment and / or fire.

Bonded labour means a system of forced labour by a debtor under a creditor.

4. Give any 2 code of Criminal Procedure 1923?

* High court confirmation is necessary for the execution of death sentence passed by a session court`

* A death sentence to a woman convict who is pregnant cannot be executed till that person gives

Birth to the child or it could he reduced to life imprisonment.

* When a woman is separated from her husband she has a right to claim maintenance for her

Living from him.

5. What is Instrument of Accession Act 1979?

The Government of India through this enactment has access to civil and political rights, economic,
social and cultural rights covenants towards implementation with certain exceptions.

6. What is Nuclear Weapons Act?

* Non-proliferation treaty 1968

* Outer Space Treaty, 1967

* Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 1995

* Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, 1991

7. What is Hindu Law?

Under Hindu Marriage Act 1956 a woman who is legally separated from her husband has a right to
claim maintenance for herself and her children from her husband, similarly the Hindu Adoption and
Maintenance Act 1956 encourage protection and children.

8. Give any 5 universal declarations of Human Rights in India?

* Equality of opportunity public service

* Equality before law

* Freedom of speech and expression

* Freedom of conscience and religion

* Right to life and liberty

9. Immoral Traffic in Woman & Girls Act 1956?

Employee’s rights are upheld and protected from exploitation by employers with the framing of
various welfare legislation like factories act. Industrial Disputes Act, Payment of wages Act, Payment of
minimum wages Act and Social security legislations such a Payment of Bonus Act, Payment of Gratuity
Act, Provident find Act Maternity Benefit Act, Employees State insurance Act.

10. What is labour Laws?

Employee’s rights are upheld and protected from exploitation by employers with the framing of
various welfare legislations like factories act. Industrial Dispute act, payment of wages act, Payment
of minimum wages act and social security legislations such as payment of bonus act, Payment of
Gratuity act, Provident fund act Maternity benefit act, Employee state insurance act.

UNIT -III

1.GIVE any two United Nations commission human rights function?

 The communication carries out studies makes recommendations and drafts new
international instrument and treaties concerning human rights.
 It investigates all allegations concerning violations of human rights and takes
appropriate action against the erring nation, if proved with evidence of large sales
violation of human rights.

2. Definition for protections of human rights act?

Protection of human rights act 1993 –sec.2 defines human rights as rights relating to

life ,liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Indian constitution or embodied in
the international covenants (legal agreement) and enforceable by Indian courts.

3. What is a declaration & Constitution bench?

Declarations and constitution benches of many natures supported the bill of rights by their exposition as
the fundamental rights of their nationals.

4. Give provisions of the international coven ant on economic rights and cultural rights 1966 in Indian?

The following provisions the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights 1966 find a
place in the Indian constitution and it is furnished as under.

 Equal pay for equal work

 Opportunities to children
 Rights to work
 Living wages
 Conditions of work
5. What is National human rights commission?

The national human rights commission is constituted by the Central government to exercise the
conferred powers and perform the assigned functions under the protection of human rights act 1993.

6. What is the procedure of the commission?

The commission meet at such place as the chairperson thinks fit. The commission regulates its

own procedure. The orders and decisions of the commission are authenticated by Secretary

General or authorized officer of the commission.

7. Give any two functions of the national human rights commission?

*The commission undertakes and promotes research in the field of

A woman’s right.

* The commission studies treaties and other international instruments on

Human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation.

8. Human rights courts in districts?

The act provides establishment of human rights courts in every district for speedy trial of
offences arising out of violation of human rights. The court of sessions acts as human rights
courts.

9. Give any four Universal declaration of human rights Articles and Rights?
Article 7- Equality before law and non discrimination.
Article 21 (2) Right to equal access to public service.
Article 19 Right to freedom of opinion and expression.
Article 20 (1) Right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

10. What are protections of civil rights?

Protection of civil rights Act, 1955
SCs/STs (Prevention of atrocities) Act, 1989
Untouchability offences Act, 1955

UNIT-IV

1. What is Children’s Right?

A child is a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. i.e., a minor childhood is
eligible for special care and assistance. This principle is exhibited in Article 25(para-2) of the
universal declaration of human rights. Based on this principle the declaration of the right of child
was accepted and adopted in the General assembly on November 20th 1989.
2. Give any four rights of a child.

* Right to life (Article 6) * Right to acquire nationality (Article 7)

* Right to Privacy (Article 16) * Right to family environment ( Article 20)

3. What are the enactments of women Rights?

* Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929,

* Hindu Marriage Act 1955,
* Special Marriage Act 1954,
* Hindu women’s Right to property Act 1939,
* Hindu Succession Act 1956,
* Dowry Prohibition Act 1961

4. What is Dalit’s Right?

To protect the human rights of Dalit’s in1953 the International labour Organization (ILO)
carried out complete study about Dalits prevalence throughout the world. A convention was also
adopted in1953 on the Indigenous and Tribal Populations convention (107).

5. Give the main provisions of Dalits.

Dalits have the full rights to an effective enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental
freedom.
They are free and equal to all other individuals of the country.
They Possess are right of self-determination.
Dalits have a right to nationality.
They have right to special protection and security in case of armed conflicts.

6. What are the constitutional case law and human rights?

* Right to have legal assistance (Khattari, Vs. State of Bihar)
* Right to information (S.P. Gupta Vs. Union of India)
* Right to compensation (Rudel Shaw Vs. State of Bihar)
* Right to Privacy (kharak singh. Vs. State of uttar Pradesh)

7. Short notes on International Refugee Law.

An International machinery for the protection and assistance to refugee was established in the
name of office of the High Commissioner for Rusian Refugees on June 271921, by league of was
the first High commissioner to occupy office on august 20, 1921

8. What is customary international law?

In addition to protection by international treaties, customary international law
May protect some human rights, such as the prohibition of torture, genocide and
Slavery and the principle of non-discrimination.
 UNIT-V

1. What is National Human Rights Commission?

The national human rights commission and state human rights commission for
every Indian state. Human rights courts are also established for protection and recognition of
human rights.

2. What is the constitution of National Human Rights Commission?

National Human Rights Commission is formed by the central government to

exercise the powers laid out in “protection of human rights act 1993”,

 One member who has been the judge of supreme court,

 One member must be a person who has been the chief
justice of a high court.

3. What are the functions of National Human Rights Commission?

The functions of National Human Rights Commission are:
 The commission conducts an enquiry suo-moto,
 It analysis various factors,
 Strives to be aware of various treaties.

4. What are the powers of national human rights commission?

The powers of national human rights commission were;

 The national human rights commission has all powers of a

civil court under the code of civil procedure,
 The commission has powers to summon and enforce the
attendance,
 The commission is empowered to investigate.

5. What are the achievements of nation human rights commission?

The following are the various achievements by the commission,
 Prevention of discrimination and protection of minorities,
 International bill of rights,
 Universal declaration,
 International Convenants on civil and political rights.

6. Write any Two name of Voluntary Organizations.

SHIKSHA- Focus: Improve standards of education in New Delhi.

CARE- Focus: Concerns of the Indian rural Society.

7. Write the Prisoners Rights.
In India, eighty percent of the inmates in the jails are under trials. The major problems faced by
these inmates are not only of not getting a trial but that of not being granted bail, inhuman
treatment in jails, facing poor conditions, lack of proper medical treatment, etc. There are various
statutes such as the Prisoners Act, 1894; the Model Manual Prison India, etc. and various
precedents which have been laid down in landmark cases which provide for the rights which these
prisoners are entitled to. However, the problem today lies not in the availability of these rights but
in the implementation of these rights and precedents. We at HRLN, under the Prisoners Rights
Initiative work towards helping these prisoners get their rightful treatment in the prisons, safeguard
their access to a fair and speedy trial, facilitate bail procedures and work towards various other
procedural requirements to ensure that these prisoners make efforts to only achieve reformation
and don’t have to fight for their survival.

8. What is Prisoners Union?

Prisoners' Union is Russian human rights monitoring non-governmental organization. The
organization was founded in 2008. Prisoners' Union foundation meeting was held in Moscow and
was attended by 40 former political prisoners. Prisoners' Union works to expose human rights
violations within the penal system in Russia. Prisoners' Union publishes monitoring materials of
situation in Russian prisons and holds press-conferences. Organization calls for an amnesty for
all political prisoners in Russia.

9. What is Housing rights?

The right to adequate housing has been widely recognized and accepted as a pat of the right to life
by international community as well as in India. Despite having ensconced the right to housing as a
part of the larger right to human dignity, right to equality, social and economic rights, the basic
provisions, which form the spirit of right to housing are blatantly violated all across the country.
The objective of the initiative is to monitor and stop illegal/ forced evictions and network with
other organizations to evolve a joint action campaign ensuring ‘right to Housing’ is at forefront.

10. What is Disability Rights?

An estimated 70 million disabled Indians are treated as second-class citizens and are forced to
confront segregation, discrimination, barriers and stereotypes. An entire range of disability issues -
- such as the causes of disability, care, rehabilitation, empowerment, mainstreaming through
education, employment, health care, and transportation – wait to be practically resolved. The
Disability Rights Initiative is recognized as the only one of its kind in providing a comprehensive
range of socio-legal support services to India’s disabled community.