LABORATORIES

IEEE Update
LPI Annual Meeting
March 16,2007
William Bush
Director of Research – Power & Grounding

Panduit Labs
Panduit Corp, New Lenox, IL

wbu@panduit.com; wbush@ieee.org
815-485-1800 x2283

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 IEEE Activity LABORATORIES

™IEEE Std 1100TM-2005

™IEEE C62.72

™IEEE Guide – Protecting Residential

™IEEE SPDC (including 10x350 Forum)

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 IEEE Activity - 2 LABORATORIES

™IEEE papers

™IEEE meeting minutes

™Other

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 Human safety first LABORATORIES

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 Engineers at work LABORATORIES

™See clip

From Internet; Courtesy

Dilbert, Comedy Central

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 Grounding and bonding LABORATORIES

Grounded Grounded Grounded

Bonded Bonded

Grounding Grounding
Bonding
Bonding

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 Grounding frequencies LABORATORIES

™Power system sub-harmonics and offset (dc to 60

Hz)
™Power system harmonics (from 120 up to 3 kHz)
™Analog communication circuits (from a few up
to hundreds of kHz)
ƒ Single point grounding for low voltage level circuits
™High-speed digital circuits (high kHz to GHz)
ƒ Single and multi-layer planes (common surface) on
PCB

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 Purposes of G&B LABORATORIES

1) Safety 3) Performance
‹ Reduce fire hazard ‹ Control current paths
‹ Prevent electric shock ‹ Equalize voltage reference
‹ Avoid equipment damage ‹ Reduce communication noise

2) Lightning and Surge Mitigation

‹ Control transients
‹ Remove static charge
‹ Bond between all services
‹ Equalize surge reference points

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 Grounding myths
™ Myth
1. Current takes the path
of least resistance
2. Ac and dc “noise”
goes into the earth
ground and stays
there
3. Lightning never
strikes twice in the
same place
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LABORATORIES
™Fact
1. Current paths are
controlled by
impedance
2. Currents into the
earth always return to
source (lightning and
static discharge are a
special large-scale
case)
3. Lightning strike is an
independent
(probability) event
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 NFPA 70 vs. 780 LABORATORIES

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 Special concern - headsets LABORATORIES

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 Ground loop LABORATORIES

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 Ground loop - 2 LABORATORIES

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 Common bonding network LABORATORIES

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 Conducted Z variation LABORATORIES

Impedance
OHMS Inter-cabinet signal-common impedance
200

150

Ground
100 Wire
Ground
50 Wire and
SRG
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency MHz
Ref. CDC

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 Reflection LABORATORIES

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