PHONOLOGY: IS THE STUDY OF HOW

SPEECH SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED,

USED AND DISTINGUISHED IN AN
ESPECIFIC LANGUAGE.

PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF SPEECH

SOUNDS AND SOUND PRODUCTION IN
GENERAL

PHONEME: THE SMALLEST ELEMENT OF

SOUND IN LANGUAGE WHICH IS
RECOGNIZED BY A NATIVE SPEAKER AS
MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING
STRESS: IS THE GREATER ENFASIS OF
SOME SYLLABLES OR WORDS OVER
OTHERS DURING SPEECH

VOWEL: A VOCAL SOUND MADE

WITHOUT THE OYEABLE STOPPING OF
BREATH

RHYTHM: IS THE REGULAR REPETITION

OF STRESS IN TIME

INTONATION: IS THE RISE AND FALL OF

THE VOICE WHEN SPEAKING

SOUND SYSTEM: REFERS TO THE

DIFFERENT PHONEMES THAT MAKE UP
THE PHONOLOGY OF A LANGUAGE
DIPHTHONGS:
 A SOUND THAT CONSISTS OF A
MOVEMENT OR GLIDE FROM ONE
VOWEL TO ANOTHER.
 A VOWEL THAT REMAINS CONSTANT
AND DOES NOT GLIDE IS CALLED A
PURE VOWEL.
 DIPHTHONGS ARE LIKE LONG
VOWELS
 THE FIRST PART IS MUCH LONGER
AND STRONGER THAN THE SECOND
PART
 TWO GROUPS: CENTRING AND
CLOSING
TRIPHTHONGS:
 IT’S A GLIDE FROM ONE VOWEL TO
ANOTHER AND THEN TO A THIRD
ONE ALL PRODUCED RAPIDLY AND
WITHOUT INTERRUPTION.
 5 CLOSING TRIPHTHONGS
 THE SPEECH MECHANISM

THE LUNGS: THEY ARE SITUATED IN

THE RIB CAGE OR TORAX. THEY
FUNCTION AS A MOTOR OR ACTIVATOR
THAT SETS THE PASSAGE OF AIR INTO
THE MOVEMENTS OF INHALATION AND
EXHALATION.

THE LARYNX: IS A RIGIDE STRUCTURE

SITUATED AT THE TOP ↑ TRACHEA AND
BELOW ↓ PHARYNX. IT CONTAINS THE
VOCAL CORDS.
 CAVITIES OR RESONATORS

PHARYNX: THE PASSAGE SITUATED AT

THE TOP OF THE LARYNX THAT
COMUNICATES THE ORAL AND NASAL
CAVITY. IT CAN CHANGE ITS SHAPE
SLIGHTLY.

NASAL CAVITY (NOSE):

 EXTENDS FROM THE PHARYNX TO
THE NOSTRILS.
 IT IS SEPARATED FROM THE ORAL
CAVITY BY THE PALATE.
 THE ENTRANCE TO THE ORAL
CAVITY IS CONTROLLED BY THE
VELUM.
 IS CONSTANT IN SHAPE AND SIZE.

ORAL CAVITY (MOUTH): THE MOST

IMPORTANT RESONATOR. IT IS
OCCUPIED BY THE TONGUE AND THE
LIPS. IT IS EXTREAMLY VARIABLE

THE ARTICULATORS

THEY ARE ALL IN THE ORAL CAVITY.

THE PALATE:
 A CONCAVE ESTRUCTURE
SEPARATING THE MOUTH FROM THE
NASAL CAVITY.
 IT IS DIVIDED INTO: THE ALVEOLAR
RIDGE, THE HARD PALATE, AND THE
SOFT PALATE (WHICH CAN BE RISED
OR LOWERED)
 THE TIP OF THE SOFT PALATE IS
CALLED UVULA
TEETH: THEY ARE USED TO INTERFIERE
WITH OR STOP THE AIR-FLOW, WITH
THE HELP OF THE TONGUE OR THE
LOWER LIP.

THE LIPS: CONSTITUDE THE VERY

MOVABLE OUTER EDGES OF THE
MOUTH AND CAN ADOPT DIFFERENT
SHAPES

THE TONGUE:
 THE MOST AGILE SPEECH ORGAN
AND IT’S MADE OF MUSCLES
 IT IS DIVIDED IN: THE TIP, THE
BLADE, THE FRONT, AND THE BACK.
 THE TIP AND THE BLADE CAN BE
MOVED INDEPENDIENTLY OF THE
REST. .