Synthesis of Copper

Hydroxide
By
Phanita Tangsiriwattanakul (Pat)
Pongphat Fufuengsombat (Toey)
Dolaya Ngamkanajanarat (Belle)
Sirapat Suriyawanakul (Name)
Warinthorn Carawawiwatkul (Rungruang)

Presents
Mrs. Sorasaree​ ​Tonsiengsom
 Content
Topic Page

Abstract……………………………………...………………………….…..2

Objective……………………………………...…………………………….2

Introduction………………………………….......………………………….2

Material………………………………………...…………………………...3

Method.………………………………...……………………….……..…....3

Result…………………………………………..……………………….......5

Calculation…………………………………...…………………………......8

Discussion.……………………………………...…………………………..10

Conclusion………………………………………………………………......11

Reference………………………………………………………………..…..11

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Abstract

The main objective of this study is to synthesize the copper (II) hydroxide from
copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate solution and sodium hydroxide solution. The main
product is copper (II) hydroxide along with Na​2​SO​4 and 5H​2​O. In the experiment, the
percent yield of A+B solution and A+C solution does not match to the theoretical yield
where A stands for CuSO​4 ​, B stands for 0.2 gram of NaOH, and C stands for 0.6 gram of
NaOH. A+B solution gives the percent yield of 137.5% with the limiting reagent, sodium
hydroxide. In contrast, The percent yield of A+C solution is 118.4% with the limiting
reagent, copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate.

Objective

The purpose of the experiment is to mix 2 solutions, copper (II) sulfate

pentahydrate solution and sodium hydroxide solution, in order to synthesize copper (II)
hydroxide. In addition, the experiment also produced Na​2​SO​4 and 5H​2​O are the
byproducts. The experiment was also conducted to obtain an accurate percent yield from
synthesis of copper hydroxide which the product is given in the theoretical way. Lastly,
to be able to indicate the limiting and excess reagent in a chemical reaction.

Introduction

What is copper hydroxide? ​Copper(II) hydroxide is also known as cupric

hydroxide. It is a ​chemical compound​. Its chemical formula is Cu(OH)​2​. ​Copper
hydroxide is a product from the reaction between copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide
(​CuSO​4 ⋅5H​2​O + 2NaOH ➝ Cu(OH)​2 + Na​2​SO​4 + 5H​2​O). ​copper(II) hydroxide is light
blue but when it is mixed with ​copper(II) carbonate, it will turn into green. Moreover, it
will make dark blue solution when mixed with ammonia. copper hydroxide is used to kill
mold in paints. It also can be used as a catalyst. Carbon hydroxide is not poisonous in
small amounts, but it can dissolve in stomach acid which can be poison easily. In order to
find molar mass, have to divide grams of element with its atomic mass. Moreover,
percent yield can be found by dividing actual yield with theoretical and then multiply by
one hundred. Actual yield is the amount of product obtained from a reaction. Theoretical

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yield is the amount of product that would result if all limiting reagent reacted. Copper
hydroxide decomposes at melting point. It has a density of 3.37. Moreover, it is odorl​ess.
Copper sulfate is used to control bacterial and fungal diseases in fruits, nuts, vegetables,
and crops. It also used as protective fungicide, seed treatment, and water treatment.
Sodium hydroxide is also known as caustic soda or lye. It is used to manufacture many
products such as paper, aluminium, soap, and detergents. It is also used to manufacture
many pharmaceutical products. Moreover, it is used in fuel cell production.

Material

1. CuSo​4 ​solution ( Solution A 25 g of CuSo​4​ in 50 mL of water)

2. NaOH solution ( Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 mL of water)
3. NaOH solution ( Solution C 0.6 g of NaOH in 25 mL of water)
4. 100 mL beaker
5. 50 mL graduated cylinder
6. Stirring rod
7. Filter paper
8. Weighing paper
9. Spatula
10. Water glass
11. Funnel
12. Ring stand & Clamp

Method

Preparation of CuSo​4​ solution (Solution A)

1. Weight 2.5 g of CuSO​4

2. Dissolve CuSO​4​ in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
3. Stir by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes

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Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution B)

1. Weight 0.2 g of NaOH

2. Dissolve NaOH in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
3. Stir by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution C)

1. Weight 0.6 g of NaOH

2. Dissolved NaOH in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
3. Stir by using stirring rod for 2-3 minutes

Synthesis of Cu(OH)​2

1. Mix 25 mL of CuSO​4​ with 25 mL of NaOH (solution B)

2. Stir for 2-3 minutes
3. Weight the filter paper
4. Record the result on the data table
5. Separate the solid product by paper filtration
6. Rinse the solid product with 10 mL of distilled water
7. Clean the filtered solid residue with 10 mL of distilled water 2 times
8. Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol
9. Carefully remove filter paper with the solid residue to the watch glass
10. Dry it overnight in the oven
11. Repeat step 1-9 with solution C

Experiment (Day 2)

12. Weight mass of filter paper and solid product

13. Calculate the % yield of the reaction

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Result

Reaction Reaction Filtrate Weight of Weight of Weight Product

Solution Mixture Observation filter paper filter of the Observation
Observation (grams) paper solid
and solid product
product (grams)
(grams)

A+B Light blue Light blue color 1.51 1.84 0.33 After filtration
color
Transparency Light blue color
No residue liquid
after stirring Stick to the filter
paper
Liquid like
After Drying

Light blue color

residue

Most of the particle

stick to the filter
paper

A+C Dark blue Clear color 1.52 2.10 0.58 After filtration
color
Transparency Dark blue color
Bubble liquid
Dense
Small
residue Most products
don’t stick to the
Jelly like filter paper

After Drying

Dark blue and

black color residue

Most of the particle

stick to the filter
paper

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After Rinse with water and ethyl

Solution A and B Solution A and C

After dried with the oven

Solution A and B Solution A and C

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Calculation

Chemical Equation

CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O + 2NaOH ➝ Cu(OH)​2​ + Na​2​SO​4​ + 5H​2​O

Molar Mass

CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O = [63.546 + 32.065 + (15.9994 x 4)] + [(1.00794 x 2) + 15.9994] x 5

= 249.695 g/mol

NaOH = 22.99 + 15.9994 + 1.00794

= 39.997 g/mol

Cu(OH)​2​ = 63.546 + [(15.9994 + 1.00794) x 2]

= 97.56 g/mol

Solution A + B

CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O = 1.25 g

NaOH = 0.2 g

CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O to Cu(OH)​2

1.25 x (1/249.685) = 0.005 mol of CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O

Ratio of CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O to Cu(OH)​2​ is 1 : 1

0.005 x 1 = 0.005 mol of Cu(OH)​2

0.005 x 97.56 = 0.49 g of Cu(OH)​2

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NaOH to Cu(OH)​2

0.2 x (1/39.997) = 0.005 mol of NaOH

Ratio of NaOH to Cu(OH)​2​ is 2 : 1

0.005 x (½) = 0.0025 mol of Cu(OH)​2

0.0025 x 97.56 = 0.24 g of Cu(OH)​2

Limiting Reagent = NaOH

Theoretical Yield = 0.24 g of Cu(OH)​2

Percent yield = (0.33/0.24) x 100 = 137.5%

Solution A + C

CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O = 1.25 g

NaOH = 0.6 g

CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O to Cu(OH)​2

1.25 x (1/249.685) = 0.005 mol of CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O

Ratio of CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O to Cu(OH)​2​ is 1 : 1

0.005 x 1 = 0.005 mol of Cu(OH)​2

0.005 x 97.56 = 0.49 g of Cu(OH)​2

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NaOH to Cu(OH)​2

0.6 x (1/39.997) = 0.015 mol of NaOH

Ratio of NaOH to Cu(OH)​2​ is 2 : 1

0.015 x (½) = 0.0075 mol of Cu(OH)​2

0.0075 x 97.56 = 0.73 g of Cu(OH)​2

Limiting Reagent = CuSO​4​ ⋅5H​2​O

Theoretical Yield = 0.49 g of Cu(OH)2

Percent yield = (0.58/0.49) x 100 = 118.4%

Discussion
The chemical equation of this experiment is
CuSO4 ⋅5H2O + 2NaOH ➝ Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + 5H2O
In the first experiment, the molar mass of copper (II) sulfate, sodium hydroxide,
and copper hydroxide is 249.695 g/mol, 39.997 g/mol, and 97.56 g/mol respectively. The
actual amount of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is 1.25 grams, and the actual amount of
sodium hydroxide is 0.2 grams. The ratio between copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
compared to the product, copper (II) hydroxide is 1:1. However, the ratio between
sodium hydroxide compared to the product, copper (II) hydroxide is 2:1. Therefore, the
limiting reagent of the reaction is sodium hydroxide. As the theoretical yield of copper
(II) hydroxide is 0.24 grams, and the actual yield of copper(II) hydroxide is 0.33 grams,
the percent yield of the reaction is 137.5%.
In the second experiment, solution A, 1.25 grams of copper (II) sulfate
pentahydrate react with solution C, 0.6 grams of sodium hydroxide. According to the first
experiment, the molar mass of copper (II) sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and copper
hydroxide is 249.695 g/mol, 39.997 g/mol, and 97.56 g/mol respectively. Consequently,
the ratio between copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate compared to copper (II) hydroxide is
1:1. The ratio between sodium hydroxide compared to copper (II) hydroxide is 2:1.
Thus, the limiting reagent is copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate. The theoretical yield of

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copper (II) hydroxide is 0.49 grams. For this reason, the percent yield of the reaction is
118.4%.
The color of each filtrate of both reactions are different. In the first experiment,
solution A and B mixed together, the result is a pale blue gelatinous precipitate spread
across the filtration paper, the mixture consists of copper hydroxide with sodium sulfate
in the solution. In the second experiment, solution A and solution C mix together, the
color of the mixture is black-green and the texture of the residues are more sludge than
solution A and B. Even though, the solution B and C is the same type of element, it is
given in different amounts, which causes the mixture of solution A and B and solution A
and C to have different colors and textures.
During the experiment, there were some mistakes that cause the results to be
inaccurate. The percent yield of the reaction between solutions A and B is 137.5%,
which is more than 100% percent. Due to the fact that the filtration paper of solutions A
and B leaked during the experiment. After the filtration paper is changed, we did not give
the mixture enough time for all the water in the mixture to rinse, causing the percent yield
of the mixture between solution A and B to be more than 100%. The percent yield of the
mixture of solution A and C is also more than 100% because we did not give the water
enough time to rinse. The percent yield of both mixtures does not match with the
theoretical yield we had predicted.
This experiment can be improved by using a thicker filtration paper to prevent the
solution from leaking out. Moreover, more time should be given in rinsing the solutions
to prevent the incomplete reaction. Finally, the experiment can be conducted several
times to prevent mistakes and verify that the result is consistent .

Conclusion
From this experiment, we synthesized 0.24 g or 0.0025 mol of copper (II)
hydroxide from solution A + B with the percentage yield of 137.5%, and 0.49 g or 0.005
mol of copper (II) hydroxide from solution A + C with the percentage yield of 118.4% by
filtration method. The limiting reagent of solution A + B is sodium hydroxide, and the
limiting reagent of solution A + C is copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate. The products after
drying in the oven of solution A + B is light blue particles sticking to the filter paper, and
the product of solution A + C is dark blue to black color particles not sticking to the filter
paper.

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Reference

American Elements. (2016, August 22). Copper Hydroxide. Retrieved December 13,

2019, from American Elements website:

https://www.americanelements.com/copper-hydroxide-20427-59-2

CuSO4 + NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 | Chemical reaction and equation. (2014,

September 22). Retrieved December 12, 2019, from

https://chemiday.com/en/reaction/3-1-0-234

Copper Sulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2019, from

http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/copper-sulfate-ex

t.html

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