SO SÁNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH

1. So sánh bằng
 Khẳng định (positive):
S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun
 Phủ định (negative):
Khi câu so sánh bằng ở dạng phủ định thì “as” thứ nhất sẽ được thay bằng “so”.
S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun
EX:
She is as beautiful as her sister.
He is not as tall as his friend.
 The same…as >< different from…
 Danh từ cũng có thể được dụng để so sánh
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
Ex:
My house is as high as his/hers.
My house is the same height as his/hers.

2. So sánh hơn/kém
 Tính từ ngắn (Short Adj):
S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun
Lưu ý:
Với tính từ có âm tận cùng là “y” thì phải đổi thành “i” thêm “er” và nó bị coi là
tính từ ngắn.
Ex:
pretty => prettier
happy => happier
o Tính từ dài (Long Adj):
S + V + more/less + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun
Ví dụ:
He is taller than his father.
She speak English more fluently than her friend.
Lưu ý:
 Khi so sánh một vật hoặc một người với tất cả người hoặc vật còn lại thì
ta phải thêm “else” sau anything/anybody.
Ex: She is smarter than anybody else in the class.
 Để nhấn mạnh thêm ta có thể thêm much/far trước tính từ của câu.
Ex: She speaks English much more rapidly than she does Spanish.
3. So sánh nhất
o Tính từ ngắn (Short adj):
Thêm đuôi “est” ở sau tính từ và phó từ trong câu.
S + V + the + adj/adv + est + N/pronoun
o Tính từ dài (Long adj):
Thêm most hoặc least trước tính từ so sánh.
S + V + the most + adj/adv + N/pronoun
Lưu ý:
 Thành ngữ: One of the + so sánh nhất + noun => noun là số nhiều, động
từ chia ở số ít.
 Một số tính từ tuyệt đối không được dùng so sánh hơn nhất: Unique,
extreme, perfect, top, prime, primary, absolute, supreme, frozen…
Ví dụ:
She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
This is the longest river in the world.

4. So sánh kép
 Cấu trúc 1: the comparative + S + V…, the comparative + S
+ V…
Ví dụ:
The more you learn, the more you know.
The sooner you start, the earlier you arrive.
 Cấu trúc 2: the more + S + V, the comparative + S + V
Ví dụ:
The more you study, the smarter you will become.
The more exercises you do, the better you understand the lesson.
 Cấu trúc 3: Khi so sánh với cùng một tính từ
S + V + adj + er + and + adj + er
S + V + more and more + adj
Ví dụ:
The weather gets colder and colder.

5. So sánh bội trong tiếng Anh:

Đó là dạng so sánh về số lần: một nửa (half), gấp đôi (twice), gấp ba (three
times)…
Chú ý : Xác định được danh từ là đếm được hay không đếm được.
S + V + multiple numbers + as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as +
N/pronoun.
Ví dụ:
The bicycle costs three times as much as the other one.
Mary types twice as fast as I do.

6. Lưu ý
Một số tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng có tận cùng là “y, le, ow, er” khi sử dụng ở so
sánh hơn hay so sánh hơn nhất nó áp dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn.
Ví dụ:
Happy -> happier -> the happiest
Simple -> simpler -> the simplest
Narrow -> narrower -> the narrowest
Clever -> cleverer -> the cleverest
Bài tập 1: Viết dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất của các tính từ và trạng từ
sau
ADJ/ADV So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
1. Big
2. Hot
3. Sweet
4. Few
5. Little
6. Comfortable
7. Important
8. Expensive
9. Good
10. Far

Bài tập 2: Viết lại các câu sau dưới dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất.
1.Today is hotter than yesterday.
➔ Yesterday was __________________________.
2. No one in her team is more beautiful than Salim.
➔ Salim is _______________________________.
3. No house in my city is higher than his house.
➔ His house is ____________________________.
4. Lan is the most intelligent in her class.
➔ No one in her class _______________________.
5. If she reads many science books, she will have much knowledge.
➔ The more__________________________________.
6. If Kien wants to pass the exam easily, he will study harder.
➔ The more easily ________________________________.
7. This house is very beautiful. It’s expensive, too.
➔ The more _____________________________.
8. One of the greatest tennis players in the world is BJ.
➔ BJ is _________________________________.
9. No producers in the world is bigger than KW.
➔ KW is _______________________________.
10.Minh is very intelligent but his brother is the most intelligent in his family.
➔ Minh’s brother is ________________________________________.
Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1.My Japanese class is _______ than his English class.
A.funny
B. funnier
C. funniest
D. the funny
2. This chair is _________ than the other.
A. comfortable
B. the comfortable
C. more comfortable
D. most comfortable
3. No one in my group is _______ than Duong.
A. kinder
B. kind
C more kind
D. most kind
4. Hoang visits his parents less ________ than she does.
A. little
B. least
C. the less
D. less
5. If Cuong had run ________ , his brother could have caught him.
A. fast
B. faster
C. the fastest
D. more faster
1. I ............Louisiana state University 2 years ago.
A. am attending
B. attend
C. was attending
D. attended
2. He has been selling motorcycles.................
A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for
ten years
3. Columbus............America more than 400 years ago.
A. discovered B. has discovered
C. had discovered D. is discovered
4. He fell down when he ............towards the church.
A. run
B. runs
C. was running
D. had run
5. We ............there when our father died.
A. still lived
B. lived still
C. was still living
D. were still living
6. They ............football when their father comes back home.
A. will play
B. will be playing
C. play
D. would play
7. By Christmas, I.............for you for 6 months.
A. Shall have been working
B. shall work
C. have been working
D. shall be working
8. I............in the room now.
A. am being
B. was being
C. have been being
D. am
9. I.............to New York three times this year.
A. have been
B. was
C. were
D. had been
10. I will come and see you before I.............for America.
A. leave
B. will leave
C. have left
D. shall leave
11. The little girl asked what.............to her friend.
A. has happened
B. happened
C. had happened
D. would have been happened
12. John ............a book when I saw him.
A. is reading
B. read
C. was reading
D. reading
13. He said he............return later.
A. will
B. would
C. can
D. would be
14. Jack.............the door for 4 minutes.
A. has just opened
B. open
C. will have opened
D. opening
15. I have been waiting for you...............
A. since early morning
B. since 9 a.m
C. for two hours
D. All are correct
16. My sister............for you since yesterday.
A. is looking
B. was looking
C. has been looking
D. looked
19. We............Doris since last Sunday.
A. don't see
B. haven't seen
C. didn't see
D. hadn't seen
20. When I last saw him, he............in London.
A. has lived
B. is living
C. was living
D. has been living
21. After I...............lunch, I looked for my bag.
A. had
B. had had
C. have has
D. have had
22. By the end of next year, Geoge...............English for 2 years.
A. will have learned
B. will learn
C. has learned
D. would learn
23. The man got out the car, …...........round to the back and opened the
boot.
A. walking
B. walked
C. walks
D. walk
24. For several years his ambition...............to be a pilot.
A. is
B. has been
C. was
D. had been
25. Henry............into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
A. was going
B. went
C. has gone
D. did go
26. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ............dinner.
A. finish
B. finishes
C. will finish
D. shall have finished
27. Before you asked, the letter...............
A. was written
B. had been written
C. had written
D. has been written
28. Ask her to come and see me when she............her work.
A. finish
B. has finished
C. finished
D. finishing
29. Oil ............if you pour it on water.
A. floated
B. floats
C. will be floated
D. float
30. The dancing club.............north of the city.
A. lay
B. lies
C. located
D. lain
31. Almost everyone............for home by the time we arrived.
A. leave
B. left
C. leaves
D. had left
32. By the age of 25, he ............two famous novels.
A. wrote
B. writes
C. has written
D. had written
33. While her husband was in the army, Janet ............ to him twice a week.
A. was writing
B. wrote
C. was written
D. had written
34. I couldn't cut the grass because the machine............. a few days
previously.
A. broke down
B. has been broken
C. had broken down
D. breaks down
35. According to this newspaper, John is said...............a new record for the
long jump.
A. to have established
B. establishing
C. to establish
D. established
36. I have never played badminton before.This is the first time I.............to
play.
A. try
B. tried
C. have tried
D. am trying
37. Since............,I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left
B. he left
C. he has left
D. he was left
38. I like looking at these pictures, but I.............enough by lunch time.
A. should have
B. will have
C. will have had
D. have
39. I don't understand this sentence. What..................................... ...........?
A. does mean this word
B. have this word mean
C. means this word
D. does this word mean
40. John.............tennis once or twice a week.
A. usually play
B. is usually playing
C. usually plays
D. have usually played
41. It was noisy next door. Our neighbors.............a party.
A. had
B. were having
C. had had
D. have had
42. It.............dark.Shall I turn on the light?
A. is getting
B. get
C. got
D. has got
43. I ............for Christine. Do you know where she is?
A. look
B. looked
C. am looking
D. looks
44. At 5 o'clock yesterday evening, I...............my clothes.
A. am ironing
B. have ironed
C. ironed
D. was ironing
45. "Are you ready ,Ann?" "Yes,I..........................."
A. am coming
B. come
C. came
D. have came
46. Why .............at me like that?What's the matter?
A. do you look
B. have you looked
C. did you look
D. are you looking
47. I.............along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.
A. was walking
B. am walking
C. walk
D. walked
48. She .............German for two years.
A. has learnt
B. is learning
C. learn
D. learns
49. I usually ............away at weekends.
A. have gone
B. goes
C. am going
D. go
50. The earth............... round the sun.
A. go
B. has gone
C. went
D. goes

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6.B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. A

11. C 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20.
C

21. B 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. B 30.
B

31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. D 40.
C

41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. A 48. A 49. D 50.
D

51. A 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. D 59. C

60. B

61. A 62. C 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. C 67. A 68. B 69. C

70. B

71. D 72. D 73. D 74. D 75. C 76. A 77. A 78. B 79. A

80. D
 THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
**CẤU TRÚC THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn
S + have/ has + PII. S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII. Q: Have/Has + S + PII?
– I have graduated from my – We haven’t met each other A: Yes, S + have/ has.
university since 2012. (Tôi tốt for a long time.(Chúng tôi No, S + haven't / hasn't.
nghiệp đại học từ năm 2012.) không gặp nhau trong một Ví dụ:
– We have worked for this thời gian dài rồi.) A: Have you
company for 4 years. (Chúng – Daniel hasn’t come back ever travelled to Vietnam?
tôi làm việc cho công ty này 4 his hometown since 2015. (Bạn đã từng du lịch tới Việt
năm rồi.) (Daniel không quay trở lại Nam bao giờ chưa?)
- She has started the quê hương của mình từ năm B. Yes, I have./ No, I
assignment. ( Cô ấy đã bắt 2015.) haven’t.
đầu với nhiệm vụ.) - I haven’t started the
A. Has she arrived London
assignment (Tôi chưa bắt đầu
yet? (Cô ấy đã tới Luân Đôn
với nhiệm vụ)
chưa?)
B. Yes, she has./ No, she
hasn’t.

** CÁCH SỬ DỤNG THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

➣ Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề cập tới nó xảy ra khi
nào.
Ví dụ 1: I have done all my homework. (Tôi đã làm hết bài tập về nhà.)

Ví dụ 2: He has lost my key. (Anh ấy đã làm mất chìa khóa của tôi.)
➣ Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại.
Ví dụ 1: They’ve been married for nearly fifty years. (Họ đã kết hôn được 50 năm.)

Ví dụ 2: She has lived in Tokyo all her life. (Cố ấy đã sống cả đời ở Liverpool.)
➣ Diễn tả hành động đã từng làm trước đây và bây giờ vẫn còn làm
Ví dụ 1: He has written three books and he is working on another book. (Anh ấy đã viết được 3 cuốn sách

và đang viết cuốn tiếp theo.)

Ví dụ 2: I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager. (Tôi đã chơi guitar kể từ khi còn nhỏ.)
➣ Sử dụng một mệnh đề với “since” chỉ ra khi một cái gì đó bắt đầu trong quá khứ:
Ví dụ 1: They’ve stayed with us since last week. (Họ đã ở với chúng tôi từ tuần trước.)

Ví dụ 2: I have worked here since I left school. (Tôi đã làm việc ở đây kể từ khi tôi rời trường.)
➣ Một kinh nghiệm cho tới thời điểm hiện tại (thường dùng trạng từ ever)
Ví dụ 1: My last birthday was the worst day I’ve ever had. (Sinh nhật năm ngoái là ngày tệ nhất đời tôi.)

Ví dụ 2: Have you ever met George? Yes, but I’ve never met his wife. (Bạn đã bao giờ gặp George chưa?

Có, nhưng tôi chưa bao giờ gặp vợ anh ta)

➣ Về một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng quan trọng tại thời điểm nói
Ví dụ 1: I can’t get my house. I’ve lost my keys. (Tôi không thể vào nhà được. Tôi đánh mất chùm chìa

khóa của mình rồi.)

Ví dụ 2: Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping. (Teresa không có ở nhà. Tôi nghĩ cô ấy đã đi

mua sắm.)

** DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT

- just, recently, lately: gần - for + N – quãng thời gian: trong khoảng (for a year, for a
đây, vừa mới long time, …) ví dụ: for 2 months: trong vòng 2 tháng
- already: rồi
- since + N – mốc/điểm thời gian: từ khi (since 1992, since
- before: trước đây
June, …)
- ever: đã từng
- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho
- never: chưa từng, không
đến bây giờ
bao giờ
- in/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: trong
- yet: chưa (dùng trong câu
…. Qua ( Ví dụ: During the past 2 years: trong 2 năm qua)
phủ định và câu hỏi)

*** Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

- already, never, ever, just: sau “have/ has” và đứng trước động từ phân từ II.

- already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.

Ví dụ: I have just come back home. (Tôi vừa mới về nhà.)

- Yet: đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.

Ví dụ: She hasn’t told me about you yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn.)

- so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thời

gian: Có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.

Ví dụ: I have seen this film recently. (Tôi xem bộ phim này gần đây.)

** BÀI TẬP THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

Bài tập 1: Đọc các tình huống, sử dụng các động từ dưới đây và viết lại câu với thì hiện tại hoàn

thành:
arrive - break – fall - go - up - grow - improve – lose
1. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.

= Tom has lost his key.

2. Lisa can't walk and her leg is in plaster.

=Lisa .................... . .... ............................................ .

3. Last week the bus fare was £1 .80. Now it is £2.

=The bus fare ........................................ .............. ..

4. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better.

=Her English .............................................................. .

5. Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard.

=Dan ..........................................................................

6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.

=The letter .................................................................

7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12.

=The .................................................... ........................... ..

Bài tập 2: Trả lời các câu hỏi dựa vào từ trong ngoặc

1. Would you like something to eat?

No, thanks. ..... I have just had lunch... (I / just / have / lunch)

2. Do you know where Julia is?

Yes, .................................. ................................................. .. ..... ............. . .. (I / just / see / her)

3. What time is David leaving?

.....................................................................................................................(He / already / leave)

4. What's in the newspaper today?

I don't know. .. ............................................................. .............................. (I / not / read / it / yet)

5. Is Sue com ing to the cinema with us?

No, ....... .. ............................................................................. .... .. (She / already / see / the film)

6. Are your friends here yet?

Yes, .. ................ .......................................................................................... (they / just / arrive)

7. What does Tim think about your plan?

...........................................................................................................(we / not / tell / him / yet)

Bài tập 3: Đọc tình huống và viết lại câu với các từ just, already hoặc yet.

1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, 'Would you like something to eat?"

You say: No thank you. I've just had lunch. (have lunch)

2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to joe?'

You say: I'm afraid .... ........... .... ..................... .................................... ..... . (go out)

3.You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.

You say: Wait a minute! ................ .......................................................... . (not / finish)

4. You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend says, 'Shall I

phone to reserve a table?

You say: No, ............ ............................... ........... .... ....... ................. ...... . (do it)

5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask

her.

You say: .. ....... ............ . ................... .. ..................... ..... ..... ... .... ... . .... ? (find)

6. You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you going for

your holiday?

You say: ...................... .......... ................... . ........................ ..... .... ...... . (not / decide)

7. Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Linda still out

shopping?'

You say: No, .... ........................................................ ................................ (come back)