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Online Learning Communities Common Ground and Critical Differences in Designing Technical Environments Margaret Riel and Linda Polin “Thepayhulgicl ade we fr the mln the way we think maCTindndgse and raging ‘San copie sens hve ben expanding educate mols of {ehning wih thir xaos ofthe distinct betwen vial ‘itn snd wal cagatoon, promoting 1 conception fared men (Rg tame rch ole sonny rind eigen, ga, ‘enmity ry, ay apg si fee phn hic here actin poe lanai, # rrp for pec neon andor emphasis en grup lung thtngh intonal ‘iy colette lesan an prpetry decsoomabing Ts lew froerstoarangeot pear presente Bld of education icing rin coma, onan ofires, Lg Cis fargo os ns nie, crm prac, fel ae re re a et {Bip depts nt tat ech colt ot oft leur meoreh oo Toe ta highlighting dierent pe of claberave Wook tcl ge ‘Durty to provi emmen language for ur stacing te eet Sr of soc ganization, pol ard tes tise cme, eg edt rea ees nmin thin sommes ask Sse, prac based a ‘hte gease nny tn dices pcs! deg implessors of ‘Nes itt dg ws pt now ere ug spots vation in perspectives on clsbarate mer aly ele teconce ol alurng ogni deca gai ‘Silat gg ern hangman tre in er ereap uf dent typeset cones eeaged intern we ind commer cal coo cntaar tad ‘hang. Ontine Leeming Comments seep fee theory of squton of nowicdg «srl ay tf ease ene ean stewiger encase naman iin i alg (merean e 12 en bec er iene Brae coe ae cs oa Biscateaenrato eeenartea lation nd experietton with ear andre ta dp emanate icateastes Sheets ean pacar renee Mili can grees tates iocrematie meee Tanpromaue earnest molec oreo gee ra Fencarcl geen aeevome pate Seorpcocteameepiaen amie fetes ic etn Beuitaicter see amtaagenmiecs SS oat atari het antago ‘otter cena ce han Seer gore ener nan ‘Teielaees teyastatte ama Tee Soin is aicaeaemetmanate oe Sertstd ms cote anaanenoe Be Si acta mete meres erticegenuntaereantoes Sete feneatna ican ree ict geemntgreitees conser Sennen ‘The em coneneniyta aply become 9 chéd bit of ang wd 9 ‘er sol group nnhicheaming sansa epi goat To desire fnctonal meaungof arg cram coresuns of practi, nd knowledge bang amin comm ee a ft anchor oot dteon othe ac * Mort i nk inde Pie ‘cman ea igen op feel aoe toe en ‘ST dedi psy sth payaso ye et al ic bctepenbdetiedsorascaiben oe neni {ae of har! purpce. Coaunanty seta abs prep Sard atc {sine tmp papa a8 mann sven Acoma ‘eanlgeetoes oats ames ortega gst ‘tahidtie inte ie ot mem cape te ‘Sega doped ser ae ts wh na ate ‘soupactiyandcateson Comounisae ot bys ea conten of eset Insontips A somaya be dtucorl oc toubled eso {oor fe to acmratate charge ovr Sone = cme Imus sented ad tld Unie neract eth ech eer or {Systran corey carl sours member may fei EEX ovcop common prciess orcad alr, Somes cor yen oy Snag nn ly oe ‘nse te enduring purprs of the roep becomes lear or nested. iFacommunty ete new tbe, tlt be sl eure it catnabon and devepeee Whee cms doom oF “wine mbesbipa sat re may Ee dereoprento elton of Treigtethe sty andthe role hat apport eases ee ing wor oblast hte Ins mpi Ibe» gro Of Poopenes many ier ner t's aos ne a Eo Reacci crv nin wh ang wil tke ple ren. Succmahl conmonies areal ota themes over mele miners of ments a yt dt sethoutbcoing bite They row thet colectve Leeds ies, "pracc” by eorporatng ‘Eon or rspoing to contac kairo he dest of ietroymnic neers nieve ineracton withthe get {Sarit srs pli rena waits awh a am trun sn wikrchcleaacengestO 97) Anco {hcontine optst over tne, erbraengew meer, mechs Invacare among meni, tern practi eeeking tO, ad ex andingactvayhy ary navory aia lasing teealetice EXperthce, Orne, Ck of the exper remains wee ‘Graencomwr the ul es tl dons ote geup In this ‘rap the newcomer ara Tey ean ve ‘Sekctocurert practise aaron degrees ofexperence and toe Pt devpment ofthe ac tay essly conned in pt by We function the nao tal fils he pup. Bt how do aia agate ferent es at rsponitie tey sonia parscste a comma? nine ering Commies » Communit aw soci onpéstirs, or ows tne they precip « ‘lu whale feature sndenchtisn soit weal tems (Durkin 1943) Member osupy tae ony wi Leip ‘plist cuppot oth conmrarty Wh the comet sl se Tie topeer ule bounded, re ay bei ppertly fr nd tals too orbeoler han hey were the outet Where he emmy Erne foe it ite yt ue iy hw ay be ah big abut ronda mer ato in expnaory mode of community-based esing mince ‘lations offs wihin thoton fcomenutly Aterise erase {gOUp of people son atk oer tne asamp poe It Se pts sie ent iowa ee tl defor, ared ean the on parcstion. Aves acs ee, * widely disperso oan secrmplis works overage dee ‘pig and improving trough he colcsee contin pears ‘divdurs anc stbgroupe over tie. Prom the anger ee pals nt thse groups aeaten fete ta sacommmuin becuse oc tesivnesare!pupostaness Sth aro ad reviews src same torn th ards but os he once of anal For infant co view ets ine paren sss tures to undersdow te grp le ogatzed tw Suppo nec ‘song pant The sane rleat tc ove mig conse Aiwa labor and peer an acti ster shoe haloes poutpatn opperanies “two Uva parte Connie of Practice (Lave & Were 19g Wang 98) nd Act Thao (Col fe Engen oe) setthatteindtanschangingrainthecoty ow activates ‘bes hisorher developing know Tat they suggest a er Ing is «proces of ety aration = sacly cow ad ‘ously managed epee this chapter we docs dh distin! tt velceing types of Jesning communes asicb practice bund and Horie bsl eam commuitis. Whon wer to leaming romans We ae sFoey ing cme analy Sid apt hming 10 cram thee fee’ or of ening etme ‘we coder that amlccs and efrences lng out diners of ‘onumuniy: member sk tues and etn gon arpat btructres ad mens ore ow and production besemsiue An inpetant semen imme members, ej Hw do try fn tay to te prop? WHat the ie | See Se ee eee oe eee ee eee eee Seco ee eee eee * Marat Rt an nda Pn ‘7d of ht patton in the group What srt of lees, Saye omang members "creaTumss/Leasonconts, Grupacometgotarfraparpote In sme iste the poup ay be explo wih Pro ‘ivouporanuctviytoconplee Foraters theproup osimely engage {Mj sc a prof ume grees Puceuatuon sve, Aerial dation among groupies from the ora enon mans gr members with aces the Farange of comunity ce frente, events, Mtr. and tna Faeroe iter corns ‘hens to paia ina see of wap Some comnunos a wry ‘hero and cuore of shea amber ale a dono in PE RRROOUCTHION ANE GLOW WACK. Tee ae he mens by ssc thcommany ows hears which comany ‘Retues toes ntspnert of eerste the Som, Thestrcturcf hie chapter i powitady our ean fic {erent eset eatrangcomties hoa enone hat ‘Spor them Aer asanimary othe flere, we sarin ogre tain avis ws hae leant oll! ose he para etree of dirt nes and type of nang commis help falnsethegowthand development te comnts ein, punetion: ene yee ftanangebnee lent commas ‘hit pecauppaing the development cons omar WE ed Urechoptr wah me carton about Seige he ute. “Technical Designs for Leming Communion In designing chica evtcomens er ui commas tim Pt Undead Gat ce ao wan cr sare od {Pic te dase tues dncet bu ovetapiag pes of Tearing "Tobe ring cmmunitr ar roups ol popleangaize around a ein rye tid perce i iprolck Whi tnespacis pup ey not ne tects ene areal ‘Tite propeiesotacommusty the pops whe parcapate kam fen apetenustongsonan often wth apres eta and {iorgunac tt pyr em Thee of commun svat {fatale onggca term lengthier ler fom ‘Spe colabraon Sage) read eng omnis larger groups with shar ols that elle the ees ly conte an supper aes ft [eSeing Inds ome eprops tna groups ne evan he die. (nine eng Commies Fe _ppmachto workplace earings verge theming pone come _Alge The em coma ofp ave Wenge, owes ‘revidoa ay oft ehour he ntitonaland tteyercatortis that une groups of people who ane engaged ihe te ecpat sulle bed unig commits len share many ofthe fats ‘fs comsay of pra bu feo the torte ad ome po conceal ong ate Whe scar of prec mgt my an ongoing paripton of amters trom ‘tied nowadge nowldae ulin mineomuniesre mae ‘oor cmaitenttoncordanshieinowindge owt tian ‘The expt youl of ascased farang emesis aeemble 2 ‘ot peple witha manu divers af prt tht canbe focue {uscarmen ie orproblay sn ugh the proce of fe {acraton douse ord common rk ae scree te stunding See Tea), Tested alist cnsmunal nee ives Sede eran bo fede yer, oto compli in way tas beyond the cpa ay stg [eson Choe inepetonal aonhioand wert paterson {prensa cratng he product urement ogee “The group pra or cattome rls te eng proses and tans so comple sac object Wh th proc may Ee wed by eters ‘srosttaly bern cried by ches or eam ask bce letming em might formed sty te pluton info ver. Back ‘pene dering re ee ‘Arnport might be weiter and set afer people inthe iho to loa oii bu textes docunert Ta sees ‘rts oa “rng” document ce dat hal tines de Snowledetased larg ones Learning corms tn he teal scot ar most fen tak bcd nd empisze pep losing a ay acal neil ar ing. Wet or cnn cant kang commas Won ‘cttetor tthe tintin bees commas mle lear ‘chose nd masta! ont of dseroom ang dtu aon he ne gd es enc of how iyleaingsereedinsocal acti (Gren ys ake, Hen 1283 Seibe, g0 Ro ges) Chen nschon eit Iocted ina socal conden eth ris, atone, langage aed free Tul tol at hee dpa Hower the gol ofthe gop fs ‘xe olen eatear I tha od ll sanandind at To pas = ‘Margera Riel ant Line Folin ‘Dts 24. Tal Be! edges Comma Dios ote Bed Leming Cann Nenbecip ‘ep ange pape {Group ety tenperey ener sng ere gh Tak Faxumean/rCorup Coit Tape por geap pall paseo wing ghar cet ap te ro Sis ei pad Niue predomi nei Stpelly psn cntlont ir Spee Lamang Conmiy eth i pac hp as Eg ‘Tamerlane fom ‘aconmy throat ah freuen por, ‘eer pot Pg Sra Apron and Goth tothe at rade ee? T ge -Bigh ma fom he tench? To aeuee eeetinel omtinnac te aro ‘Beco a god eden? Yo prpur eer tne oto “adodson wld oy te usa fa pescrbed cane sre inaosfegean ely peggy a ‘thompson strat lak oe dering caraceatvacrsckecee ren omengripteenptio ncn, ‘san snus stay Hower or st fhe tine tral Elm thnyconenutand fared cleo tn ees “hare however sing cnt othe sel he ini ‘al cssouna a invaed i puja ke Koowtedge eeu He "hs some Kiya lta Scent Gorge 705) The sn Pk Online Learning Communities 2 (Chiu, 593), The Giobe Prjecr (es, 1998), he ARN Pres (Revochas Fran ipo), and Leming Cas il 8) ase este tak on iy Cpe ss Glan To ed Tehooigy Group at Vandy Calton or stn {alt Sosa rte intcomaunice ere ‘rss rad loves and intents withnpers toyed ec ‘oom th amples tess lr tna cesmvon sense student denies toceate workazurs a whichtudenscollteece ok teams of students ad exper bung Inoweege opt our cln ‘sin ofsk-en ng commusi, wees deca of Ue casmanty arin made operas inti erred iano ‘what weal tists leming commie “Tusk basalermng commune nthe canwoominaybeteboglning ofamoreteasive stool strat forkaenng ny ay besputay omnes with te specie puspnc of helping tees ises ee, ‘wok commits They area sem was scones bees Sey doneromeat hecneaiais edttosmnamee mei on asc hose asin steady short lang more dies te develop cematy chante sich Se tl eae ae sod stl price valu a ole Ass ta sed esac eg wih the mime set of people aan with te pncton it. Theegenertion is wta sew coh and any Laclede aces ‘neratons of groupe may becaihy people nt anger cay dete oe this prpore r taoogh progres meets et te foe ‘group, And patho rt impesat they ate not salami groopng ‘sien! cao! diet lyse av he cssoom comes (albugh stadt xn rete para) Tee tee reer somo the autos cf ths vlume quecone th ue ofthe crm cunense itn the area coe, ‘Recorzig the ifr, we evils ue comenuny index «Sundhmenta sh incassroee serpin thet totes sles to paters commu interactions Soll new oe leasing Oe thee tk based lenng commis dent Bt ‘wihan groups often a hse bounded goupao tna nino lnowiedgeolthelageromnaney scocter pooe ‘option ‘Commonzaton tckaley ahs much asi to Gd ae wok with ‘pope eho sare a cormn lasing ps Ten people con come far ‘eet reins and pat of dilerreganirttn nd dierent sp ‘ens inrets Sontancs spe ope nls gpa ie Margot Rs ond Linda Blin se and devo nov cements Rina 99) anda great ‘esofleaming might occarin thr vitualcanenantes oneres ese ‘ood kerry coment sjuses an letcnal as oman the Inowledge othe colle. The tanetomsation a letrig comma ‘equi he development op gs ocsed tention are Afgoucame This sera often aspen nition projet, a conus) or organza Prades en cvs Rr of nine ads oe nee tos perp the ot ol creting rion stad oe {els uch heed on Harvard Eden wh Nevis ‘tiara Univraty guy Leenng Fru ara, Mare, {eSchecler volun) in A lean Tapped a lager © as this volume). Ofpuieatonauch Thi Outen ages stock ond ang cman eo Ina al of staan eig bok an ot any ese {ng communist etn tae ting a egy Sport eels wor a ‘Ncomgrisn of tie bes erg communis one pa by an egaiztion und ene bp an toa tency 3 tates te mensions of supporting stskbised leg com _ny oii Tener cation ond Resouces Nebr EARN) ‘ports Leasing Cries highly meat, rst toned pares ‘eh fo en choc loca ooh he wen The ning CG partcpnts dengan comple are 0 poe ht or cum ims ipa group pubtior. Nero Lena series compan ‘onmersthe FinkChst Change? acento ts aa fo hve ore’ cunes work ove the nore 0 ‘ksign an sctnal ce ste Te develops work enya acct hol bat sen mnie chefs tam ees TEARN wos dacaaron frum tnd al nicest anmune We lat of Leaning Cie secon wo tnher fom dere gina scl clara an atonal divert. ThinhQuet site enn ‘Exon steric unrthe Miskast We e oatvetc er ee ees with species, Wits arnt atta rear dine ‘gener etc andscerceon sia) ued uss varey ‘tates oleate am ere ten tn nb ene the safer talon Leung communis sre epee on get ‘oman Sucre forth locaton ogee and supyrt Once ‘Tinks tus Leming Cie sme the mea ae Set * aa tan ith lg ee a aan nine Lares Ceri "ppt nh dee ig omnes Seth pen bn thd to ey aa, SSlands pont apa en tee Se ag a anc eg i cairn a et ks ech can yo Act natengCace en th pr acura Tne eaves sar arucere ee aa ‘nits bein coment (Deas 1953), wht uel wan ‘me betwen woes ad manages ered taeagh oees “opines dasraling epee opment ing Cele nd Thin racton epi phe, scherthgats nds acting cogpantre pico nee {Kips Tine ponte denser is Nei of uch tase hep onaine the poup celenge ees ‘Gis, ach shel ponsr nea the Cite cs el dob {eis on the lope wes all hs ane eer {wsparorapojat wnt temapursiy Wrepond ote tee rae ‘he clr cs ease! isons Completing Cine, for ening Cinco being th We ste fee Thos les, tarts te omplcton o's ound’ te tae ‘eg commu, All othe niacion i thse sven bea ‘echloy oth a the tal of eommuncatin ad seperate, fe cei thal rt Ta nde pant We lo pop rote cook continue parispee intone Cake Dinanee Celene nent eye Students nt renin aioe, form na tans. The encroaches el shea etgn ofthe Leung Clee and The propre cosy ae Sey fom one eatin to he nt Sader poles che Wea dg «pri puto, eect w ta thy accede sed am ercto ge tire eas aan ceasple He mens aan bole in dst scotty or pond une Inara e spor and Wb ses bere pricy dncumen es ae ea Estas up ig arent ecg communis he trang aes pce bth li ilo by ny Are om dnt enemas net 4 Marr Rs and ina Pain “Tesinoly src fo tak bas emi cman may ao ‘hae a an impli goal nection of sets Io prec (Smmunite andthe leg that thes place in tse stings oe ‘Sample The Jn Pj, Paspst to Knowing pes mu eof other elect ol tps em combination ie ie, ft toll Wea conmanionon tonite ster nance ‘bang puro wane manos ae suppor al engage ding ‘eal scence. acta strate provide sens ih pptanas ‘oan te els father ses guy cere eg pel {ae language ant onerve aspheric the eant ‘ly gi sb! tes ork: For stan hen Papen to Koomlodge sce Live our fable Teco,” Arca tuent rere [ected ime onthe ule tescope. Tey cou ses pera fens int apace and cee at data eae Tey oa ok teal, br eh planet “adres” whe were ae foal he ‘fnethinking th prtions starvation, tad anecites engage nh ine dscsson ic planet ami ey Cc Seca ter made stdetewere abet wah sie evi trae “hor data ere receiv Tho slr the sped aed engage he ‘odes with queton intended Yo bel the starts to tee set ‘hits taboo encom hey ae lo opie ult somerhat ie "our acon of ecng atone Bnt they aren elynenbersu crusty pace oe | pct Karing conmurty aries rund pfeil plo ied of eeaor oe Ite 2) Itmay brand aa pou a {ts pegs tend he wonddevlopng ar suring et ak ‘noua confront and online orc Ican es ao a2 am each ts sgl cool wht ae wocking gee to keprove the Pct of mang uttucten on sky etn cis ar sein ‘Sound ter racic new metods ond aerial clr ‘alse ung cosy i gran ase moe of whch we apna the nly arti lo pcs here a sborgemptineon thsi x ema 2 oho sei and gel hate maybe iffeneinexpe team expere fe. Memes of acommarity of pric have ders hl ae deed ‘pithy th ature and etn of patton ne pct Al "anally member share sa reponse haan ar or ‘Become Waa the emphasis on racic, the concep of comms indexes lew ong ae creas prtspton and nutty ina Ind ve of rowing ss hrowiegein-tse The lng onsen Onn Learn Connie » an 2.2.Pat ot ming Come omniy Diner actioned Lanning Comm Mestcig Meena ety enn yt comely ah Canaan ty dein ton ct sroregepett ay ter Lesdttp erties gh en cna Tuk Frursant/orcrup —Sepanon std prrrm te pce cou ttiveton band madre ne Bexgeantsgtincmeon we npn Desloptt ot elo rect tng mpi Seurinpacica Seyret warp seni ast seme altars now nns gaia lpsapret "son este nad enanin ‘tough domi of case ty se orien ee "change wih acm pacts Senet pny esr hn ep ed Ch the reproduction and dstuton of krxmladge thunk = up of People wha conse a work corey othe ba of cred ond ntaetin prodecive ait er sonesors mach sere thay Pte ne lng enrtisocssemtne elon proce ‘epraducin of the commer of share unentandngs ot hegre be {od the cmrent soil png “ Marga an Lindt Ins community af protic th none i embedded in the por: snc sd he onpatnal anata wiih ere Lane Hage, {9p Bach of he pti po shape th ho ge but my 2 teoeqenc ol ming prance nettplcity babe Indeed, a cmanorty of prc een le nc uncerstnngs tek sesh among muates and pane song tengh mentoring selon, maeespern Prarceabed ling commutes lots knowl in to ya ‘case efeton sa partpation Garay Makoto ei, this voume, Weng 998. etd Boe eat epane. Ieeidesin potions documents tlk acre intel meres Tis road he commsity witha sue batSithehnwcge ae rete ‘ow nl by te compemeray oon of prt Parcs ‘Sow ot xpd ved howe the wens hoe ‘uslaed eouh pep hr pcos ane ns Ts enc ‘owes at develo adage ont ine se oc precabone ‘ony ac, epee knowledge es, te commun amen tothe of key inivicade Roth soars ct Knowidpe sertod oaks ah ofthe cota ' carci of hal communes of practic sperm ay y “ler” ~ members mali aed commutes hoes ‘stot the, fencing ar cond lnm he cman, Cone ‘uo avoid inaton and support ts or develop bye ih roupe ened a tenga pate Iu oe Ecramuity of pnt pel oon ci a Beraning snd eed pete, ‘We dtine a pratce base unig commis a llr ht hs {rovn uparound an aca ayes niche ns see tiny improving oes raion mmo upper th elcene ne Sholie ens eng mea ‘ld commar ghee er cntinuy aces geceions, ‘eggs aac italy one atin eeepc ‘wor outset formal beeen, fate smc rhoue But, ui tncbsed erg oma o now cat suns, hal eulura work ergualy fis They ae ot cnshondy ‘nly dynumic knowing syne ue gereatons pry they am stead going sbout har workrrinng pceiateso etcop, rn ahr natal praca Seve encommanly sree ‘anys dyin, ching ther abs tf eppaceios ty {oe tnd del fart nd ing erlston and eloped ‘he pti Suc camara sSrongett distin et ‘ho fob feat work aus! Bt ana onl nts sna ‘rk on commutes of prac, Lave nd Weager oy) ele ett Sl the eat cuts, acommenty hat her sted covey the Sotton wre rm “Lit: Thou ave sed Wenge Ontine eing Commits » ‘tues schon ems ofa community ofpates, isola fe nc {oe aches a uly tod td saad owner from grater expen Ue a Practice ee ming commas he the same Valeria ag cults Macho henley “upurithanapabotofctrentpracc cunt eomlnipe neha {sel outers. This eed kong in ber bekiceet el thes only capture a momeal nine 2 veo. ste Tange AS fronts rae thetparipain pesbie roe s bac igais nclin oe sfttoen med knowlege Factions eicton esa ‘ory charac acter of prac heed karng cote Practices lsming conmurides teed uring ne percton, ‘Wenger G0) uss the metaphor of «prendre te ae ‘ent tat wea orcomehing is ecteass consent acne You cama he ay, make We Homers gro by palling ede ee Youan however keep he Ayer bee wa hands py an ther is wateand sunlight end youcon even apy cer ea a The Japanese method of ton reer osu (Cais Tew, 128] mutes a moat of how be scan pcan gle a fe eco we engage ina pracicctand lntnereooeas Tacherin japan tad ern in the Ueda ots ‘Sg few anole ns They see ee ee seotng tc gop comand wae tedlensa toe rst the atoetp beeen excingeed fe baie Teepe ofthe shed work tofnd ways to prone fea preci avers sso study a3 pat of taching “lw det kesoe ee ‘parce each cominid, "we wld tbewacher: hes i techs wcude comalinent oan et pacino ‘Sitaous provement Tacit cag ae ‘The Mablem of Schol as» Pastice Community A preted emi coma best descibes parr wy ‘sanz asco of people ns fide ern states ‘srocation 7 other activity oat ka mo cars ee eee "my of rect stoke inte casio sing stare a ei Mange i Lind Poin ‘floret berate tds om the csi th atom and onnet ta. nese in ana formal comsnungy wack knees IMsinanental adn prac! ne Py tnoadgse stesso Hw ‘er hs almest vaya sul ina expec hs move ke ano {ena ste ist wih pope ngageinfetoscel proces rae a Jamin 6 member of spect Sacete pt ied actor ee lim participation operant in there pn wo eft a ‘0 undeay inthe el werd. Project Geb, CoM aon and Papo to Kaowedge use stworkng tctinlogy to ones! dens ith per and adult expr eager speeds fees at Tend ute othe chooser curled ‘Bowe, Bry and Camino 98 abet tha a school can be cost tated sacommunty fpr pater echellenng Tae ek wih en Sti en ages into antes propia fugit eames gicctaol morn anvatel snow taterwctig ieee ‘expe res (aches anf vsenthos) and ae epee sets {olerstadentsncluding gaunt evel tuent) wdc the pce fisming, The students ect major ane nr suet oy td ‘naereponaistocbots amg echinacea epertce ‘Theres mule and multi sen! roping ap lts ae Informal meting nel appent erg thts pate coment ie. The seach ear alpd th sch esplay amber of prepare sey ac ie im sca ‘eeproctaching mela ogists ga ptr labra {Scomich, pull we bouton res ad cos alk ey har Campion, 97 All Use reuse became comin ‘ty chime tht help define ole an espns sm pide Segre iy. : thse capes emo suggest sri sn apronle ‘omnmunites of practice, he tenporty in pen end ste ack ‘(che w parca maka dieu aren has members ‘of commanay cf practice. 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