by: Engr. Ricrey E.

Marquez, CpE, MSCS

(Lecturer / CpE-EE Moderator)
 After this seminar, student should be able to:

▪ define technical study related to design and

technology,
▪ identify design considerations in product or
project prototyping
▪ identify and relate parts of technical study to the
stages of prototyping model in designing
software and hardware project
What is Technical Study?

Product or Prototype Design Considerations

Parts of Technical Study

Project Prototyping Model

 Technical Study describes the:
▪ detailed specifications each
components,
▪ technical architecture used,
▪ functional unit (software & hardware),
and
▪ timeframe to design and develop a
prototype
 Technical study also focuses on:
▪ possibility of having an end product or
prototype, and
▪ satisfying the design criteria and
technological criteria
 According to Eggleston (1996), design and
technology has two components that are
closely related
▪ Using technology to achieve solutions that
satisfy a complete design criteria and;
▪ Using design to achieve solutions that satisfy a
full technology criteria
 Designing and making skills are useless if
they are done without knowledge and
understanding of:
▪ Materials and components,
▪ System and control,
▪ Structures of the device to be designed,
▪ Project or prototype application,
▪ Quality, and
▪ Health and safety.
 Project
Design

Gantt System
Chart Overview

Program Block
Listing with
Specifications Diagram

Content of
CHAPTER 3 -
Trouble-
shooting Technical Study Schematic
Diagram

Operation Materials and

Component
Guide Specifications

Test PCB and

Components
Procedures Layout
 Project
Design

Technical
Gantt
Study (for
System
Chart
(Tentative)
Proposal Overview
Defense
only)

Block
Diagram
 Prototyping is
 serves as a model on which later
stages are based or judged
 simulation of an entity or process
that is then subjected to
systematic testing
 Prototyping Model is
▪ a systems development method (SDM) in
which a prototype is built, tested, and
then reworked as necessary until an
acceptable prototype is finally achieved
from which the complete system or
product can now be developed.
 Hardware Program
Specification Specification

Circuit Design Program Design

PCB Layout Code Writing

Prototype Program
Design Testing

Pilot Run or
Testing

Production or
Finalization

Figure 1 - Design Project Prototyping Model courtesy of

http://airborn.com.au/method/index.php
 Hardware Program
Specification Specification

Circuit Design Program Design

PCB Layout Code Writing

Prototype Program
Design Testing

Pilot Run or
Testing

Production or
Finalization
 Hardware Program
Specification Specification

Circuit Design • Program Program Design

specification
• Project compatible
Descriptions with Hardware
PCB Layout specifications Code Writing
• Project Design
& System
Overview • System
• Materials and Prototype Program flowhart
Component Design Testing • Program
Specification flowchart
• Test Procedure • Algorithm
Pilot Run or Model
• Block Diagram • Assembly Testing • Troubleshooting
• Schematic Procedure Guide • HIPO Chart
Diagram
• Finalizing • Program
• PCB Layout CHAPTER 1 – 6 Listing with
• Operation Guide
Production or • System Validation Specification
• Component Finalization
• User’s Manual (Survey or Test (Application
Layout
• Finalizing Cases Results for and/or
• Prototype Layout
Prototype CHAPATER 4) Firmaware)
Packaging
Project Prototyping
by: Engr. Ricrey E. Marquez, CpE, MSCS

Thank you and good

luck to your project
prototyping..
by: Engr. Ricrey E. Marquez, CpE, MSCS

Thank you and good

luck to your design
project..
 Information to the researchers or
proponents in describing the features of
the proposed project should have such
as:
 Inputs,
 Processes, and
 Outputs
 Inputs Processes Outputs

• NFC-enabled • Interpret data • Display

Smartphone • Provide transaction
• Android Apps interface details
• Fingerprint between • Printed receipts
• Products to be Smartphone & • Show the
order server PC enlisted and
• Interprets and queued
sends data from products
e-wallet • SMS
• Transmit SMS notification after
notification transaction
 Gantt Chart is
▪ a chart that depicts progress in
relation to time, often used in
planning and tracking a project
 Project Design
▪ discusses the design and making
process of the device or project, which
includes:
▪ overview of system process flow
▪ functions each components or control circuit,
▪ mechanism,
▪ casing or structure
 discusses the material gathering and its
specification
 choosing the materials, there are things to
be considered:
▪ Availability in the market
▪ Characteristics and functionality
▪ Reliability
▪ Cost
▪ Environmental impact
 Block diagram is
▪ used in engineering in hardware design,
electronic design, software design, and
process flow diagrams
▪ Systematic presentation of the control
process of the device showing the
relationships between signals in a
system via blocks
 Schematic Diagram is
▪ a drawing or diagram showing all significant
components, parts, or tasks (and their
interconnections) of a circuit, device, flow,
process, or project by means of standard
symbols.

 Schematic diagram often start on paper and

finish in Computer Aided Design (CAD)
format.
 Examples of CAD software that are commonly
used in developing circuit diagrams
▪ Proteus Design Suite - ISIS
▪ Candence OrCAD
▪ Micro Engineering CircuitMaker
▪ NI MultiSim
▪ Protel Schematic EDA
▪ CadSoft Eagle CAD
▪ LiveWire
Figure 2 – Example of Good Circuit Design
 PCB Layout is
▪ a laminated board in which all the electronic
components are soldered, with one or more
layers of etched metal tracks making the
connections.

 The components and connections in the

PCB layout are derived from the circuit
diagram, and physically placed and routed
by the designer to get the best result.
 Lists of commonly used CAD software for
PCB Layout
▪ Proteus Design Suite - ARES
▪ Candence OrCAD 10.0
▪ Electronic Workbench UltiRoute 9
▪ Micro Engineering TraxMakerPro
▪ Protel
▪ CadSoft Eagle PCB
▪ Pad2Pad
▪ Express PCB
 Prototype circuitry is debugged or
troubleshoot in this stage
▪ Debugging proceeds according to the debug test
procedure, which is written for the project as it is
designed.

 Prototype microprocessor or microcontroller

circuits are generally debugged with
specially written diagnostic code, again
progressing in stages
 Assembly Procedure is
▪ a step-by-step procedure in
constructing a prototype which
describes the integration process
from its sub-systems up to the whole
system of the prototype
 Test Procedure is
▪ a formal specification of test cases to
be applied to one or more target modules
which verifies an exception report
indicating which test cases “passed” or
“failed”
 Program Specification refers to:
▪ a statement of program requirement which
are aligned with the hardware
specifications of the project or prototype
▪ an expression of a design of a program
▪ a formal statement of conditions against
which program can be tested
 Program specification considerations:

▪ Consistency
▪ Implementability
▪ Completeness
▪ Compatibility
 Program Design
▪ captures the precise structures, interfaces, and
algorithms of the software or firmware, which
proponents can be laid out to develop a:
▪ UI Design
▪ Flowchart
▪ Algorithm model
▪ Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
▪ Pseudo code
▪ HIPO chart
Figure 6 – UI Design Example 1 Figure 7 – UI Design Example 2
 START
A

Initialization started:
Initialize the 15
resistance combination Take 5 readings in
and other variables the converter

Set the reference

resistance with fixed Program the data port to output Calculate the
resistance data to make CS=1 and switch average of this 5 Is delta>=25 or the
the ref resistance readings user terminates the
program?
Program the data port to output
data to make CS=1 and switch
the ref resistance Prepare the converter by
Compute for the delta,
outputting the data port with
the change of the
proper configuration bits to DI (1,
Prepare the converter by average reading in
outputting the data port with
1, 0) at 3 clock pulse
comparison with the
proper configuration bits to DI (1,
baseline
1, 0) at 3 clock pulse
Program the data port to make END
Program the data port to make
CS=0 and 8 succeeding high-low
CS=0 and 8 succeeding high-low Clk pulse. Compute the converted
Clk pulse. Compute the converted data
data
Displayed the delta to
the screen as the stress
level value and
Closest resistance to generate audio tone
5 readings 5 readings
probe resistance which pitch varies with
finished?
found? finished? delta

Calculate the probe

resistance
Calculate the average of
this 5 readings and set it
Determine the appropriate resistance as the baseline. Figure 8 - Flowchart for Stress
combination that come closest to the
probe resistance. Set this as ref
At this point
the baseline Measurement and Monitoring
resistance. Closest resistance found. A is found
Prepare for another 5 conversion
 New User Login

Figure 9 – Example Sign Up Form

HIPO Chart of
Biofeedback Stress Main Menu Form
Monitoring System
User Database

User Entries

File User Database Analysis and Report Administrator Help Monitoring Routines

Logoff Exit Graphical Analysis Reports Contents About

User Entries User Information

Start Monitoring Manual Stop Another Session

Edit

Search View Count

 Code Writing or Program Coding is
▪ a process of translating the program design
into an actual executable code

 In writing a program code, include program

comments on each statement of the
program codes so that the readers or
panelist easily understands the flow of
the code or program
 Program Listing is
▪ a complete listing of a program
source code and all files that
makeup the software program
the project or prototype
Figure 11 – Block Code from MIT App Inventor for UI Example 1
Figure 12 – Block Code from MIT App Inventor for UI Example 2
Figure 13 – Arduino sketch code for UI Example 1
Figure 14 – Arduino sketch code for UI Example 2
Figure 15 – Arduino sketch code for UI Example 2 (cont.)
Figure 8 – Extracted code from application software
 Program Testing is
▪ similar to electronics testing but requires various
way to get diagnostic data out of the target for
analysis such as:
▪ Emulation or simulation tools,
▪ Interfacing to hardware, and
▪ case tools

 Both logical and physical errors are

detected while testing a program
 Pilot Run or Testing is ..

▪a process of executing the combined

prototype and software for a design project to
see whether the hardware and software
functions properly
▪ an opportunity to evaluate the functionality of
the design, and the usability of the
documentation
 Pilot Run or Testing is ..

▪ a counterpart of prototype specifications

which includes different test procedures such
as:
▪ Debug Test Procedure;
▪ Incoming Test Procedure; and
▪ Final Test Procedure
 The procedure aims to divide the testing of the
design into small, independent units.

 It provides a tool for the detection of faults in the

design in a way that most conveniently allows
them to be fixed - by finding them in isolation.

▪ This test procedure will pay particular attention to

suspected trouble spots in a design.
▪ It will also include an overall functional test, based on
the specification.
 Troubleshooting or
Troubleshooting Guide
▪ present certain troubles that might
occur on the device during operation,
and provide appropriate solution or
actions for the problem
▪ can be formulated during experiments
or technological criteria verification
 The test procedure aims to prove that
the design meets the specification.

 It requires testing by section and

careful description of the design
rather than just meet specifications or
miss specification results.
 Project Objective: To automate sow feeding system that will allow both
scheduling and setting the amount of feeds
 Project Objective: To design a device that will notify the piggery owner
that the sow has been fed and the amount of feeds.
 Project Objective: Develop a quality security system in terms of
functionality and reliability
 This procedure is also known as the economics
driven test.

 Test procedure aim is to find out the final test

which reduces the outgoing failure rate while
not costing more than it saves.

 It is used to test project as it is being developed.

 This procedure is quite dependent on the

panelist test, techniques, and testing
equipment.
 This is the last stage of design project
prototyping model, wherein project is
free from any forms of errors and it
is ready for the operation

 Final detailed documentation should

be done on this stage such as
revisions, recommendations, and
conclusions about the design project.
 Operation Guide is
▪ a lists of step-by-step guidelines
on how to use the prototype, from
the installation to the operating
procedures
 User’s Manual
▪ technical communication document
intended to give assistance to people
using a particular system or project
▪ commonly associated with electronic
components, hardware (PC or MCU)
and software (application or firmware)