SINGAPORE’S AIR QUALITY - Ranks as the 6th major city with the worst air quality - Main sources: emissions from industries and motor vehicles - Has horrible smog issue WATER - Uses 430 billion gallons of water a day - Most efficient source of freshwater is rain - Extensive network of rivers and canals - Rivers and canals translate into 17 different storage reservoirs LAND USE - Land scarcity = vertical farming - Efficiently took advantage of building to replace farms - Build layered buildings to save land space TRANSPORTATION - Singapore has three main modes of public transportation - The three modes of public transit is MRT, buses, and taxis. - The most common form of public transportation is by bus ENERGY - 95% of Singapore electricity is power by natural gas - 5% powered by coal, oil, waste, and oil - Is very reliant of other countries (Malaysia and Indonesia) for imports. - Figuring out a system of wireless electricity transfer. FOOD/AGRICULTURE - In 2012, introduced vertical farming without sunlight or soil - With vertical farming, you can also manipulate certain characteristics of the plants - Working on food sustainability so Singapore as a city can survive on their own. GREEN BUILDINGS - Green buildings may hold the key to reducing Singapore’s carbon footprint as the urban development increases - Singapore has the ambition to have 80 percent of its buildings certified as sustainable by 2030 - Singapore is a global leader in green buildings WASTE - Efficiently turns waste into electricity - More than 2.8 million tons of waste is incinerated a year - They have waste-energy plants for incineration and energy recovery PUBLIC HEALTH - Is labeled as one of the most healthiest cities - Is supervised by the Ministry of Health of the Singapore government - Consist of a universal healthcare system with a significant private healthcare sector