Intelligent Hybridization System for Multiple

Renewable Energy sources

By

Samiullah
CUI/FA16-EEE-111/ATD

Yahya
CUI/FA16-EEE-147/ATD

BS Thesis
In

Electrical (Electronics) Engineering

COMSATS University Islamabad

Abbottabad Campus-Pakistan

Fall 2019

i
 COMSATS University Islamabad
Abbottabad Campus

Intelligent Hybridization System for Multiple

Renewable Energy sources
A Thesis Presented to

COMSATS University Islamabad- Abbottabad Campus

In partial fulfillment

of the requirement for the degree of

BS Electrical (Electronics) Engineering

By

Samiullah
CUI/FA16-EEE-111/ATD

Yahya
CUI/FA16-EEE-147/ATD

Fall 2019

ii
 Intelligent Hybridization System for Multiple
Renewable Energy sources

An Undergraduate thesis submitted to Electrical and Computer Engineering

Department as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Electrical (Electronics) Engineering.

Name Registration Number

Samiullah CUI/FA16-EEE-111/ATD

Yahya CUI/FA16-EEE-147/ATD

Supervisor

Dr. Mohsin Shahzad

Lecturer, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Abbottabad Campus
COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
Abbottabad Campus
December 2019

iii
 Final Approval

This thesis titled

Intelligent Hybridization System for Multiple

Renewable Energy sources
By

Samiullah
CUI/FA16-EEE-111/ATD

Yahya
CUI/FA16-EEE-147/ATD

Has been approved

For the COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

Supervisor: ______________________________________________
Dr. Mohsin Shahzad, Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering/CUI,
Abbottabad Campus

HOD: ______________________________________________
Dr. Imdad Khan, Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, CUI, Abbottabad Campus

iv
 Declaration

We <<Samiullah (FA16-EEE-111), Yahya (FA16-EEE-147)>> hereby declare that we

have produced the work presented in this thesis, during the scheduled period of study. We
also declare that we have not taken any material from any source except referred to
wherever due that amount of plagiarism is within acceptable range. If a violation of HEC
rules on research has occurred in this thesis, I shall be liable to punishable action under the
plagiarism rules of the HEC.

Date: _________________ Signature of the student:

Samiullah
CUI/FA16-EEE-111/ATD

Yahya
CUI/FA16-EEE-147/ATD

v
 Certificate

It is certified that << Samiullah (FA16-EEE-111), Yahya (FA16-EEE-147)>> has carried

out all the work related to this report under our supervision at the Department of Electrical
and Computer engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus and
the work fulfills the requirement for award of BS degree.

Date: _________________

Supervisor:

Dr. Mohsin Shahzad

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Head of Department:

Dr. Imdad Khan

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

vi
 DEDICATION

Text Here (12, Times New Roman Regular, 1.5 line spacing and paragraph spacing of 6)

vii
 ACKNOWLEGDGEMENTS

Text Here (12, Times New Roman Regular, 1.5 line spacing and paragraph spacing of 6)

Samiullah FA16-EEE-111
Yahya FA16-EEE-147

viii
 ABSTRACT

Intelligent Hybridization System for Multiple

Renewable Energy sources
Text Here (12, Times New Roman Regular, 1.5 line spacing and paragraph spacing of 6)

ix
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 2
1.2 Motivation ............................................................................................... 2
1.3 Objective ................................................................................................. 3
2. Literature Review .............................................................................................. 4
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 5
2.2 Automation .............................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Fixed automation (Hard automation) ........................................ 5
2.2.2 Programmable automation ....................................................... 5
2.3 Need of automation ................................................................................. 6
2.4 Monitoring ............................................................................................... 6
2.4.1 Cloud computing technology .................................................... 6
2.5 Advantages of Energy Management ....................................................... 6
2.6 Current Monitoring.................................................................................. 8
3. Components and Technical Specification ..................................................... 16
3.1 Components ........................................................................................... 16
3.1 Transformer ........................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 Current Sensor ......................................................................... 17
4. Results ...……………………………………………………………...………18
5. Discussion ...…………………………….………………………….………19
References …………………………………………...………………………20

x
LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 2.1 Voltage Divider ..................................................................................................10

Fig 2.2 Transformer ........................................................................................................12
Fig 2.2a Distortion Compared .......................................................................................12
Fig 2.2b Voltage with Time ...........................................................................................13
Fig 2.2c Input output waveform .....................................................................................13
Fig 2.2d input output waveform 2 ..................................................................................14
Fig 2.2e identical waveform ...........................................................................................14
Fig 3.1 Transformers ......................................................................................................16
Fig 3.2 Current sensor ....................................................................................................17
Fig 3.3 Relay Module ....................................................................................................18

xi
LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Technical Specifications of Current sensor .......................................................17

Table 3.2 Technical Specifications of Arduino Uno .........................................................19
Table 3.3 Technical Specifications of Servo motor ...........................................................22
Table 3.4 Technical Specifications of LDR .......................................................................26
Table 3.5 Technical Specifications of 16x4 LCD .............................................................27
Table 3.5 In/Out Connections of LCD ...............................................................................27
Table 3.5 Technical Specification of Inverter ...................................................................30

xii
ABBREVIATIONS

FACTS Flexible AC Transmission System

xiii
Power Management and Monitoring System Dependent on Load (GSM)

Chapter 1

Introduction

1
 Power Management and Monitoring System Dependent on Load (GSM)

1.1 Molecular Genetics (14, Bold)

Body text of each subsection is to be written in Times New Roman font
size 12 Regular.
1.2 Genetic Variation (14, Bold)
1.3 Genetic Disorders (14, Bold)
1.3.1 Monogenic Diseases (13, Bold)
1.3.2 Complex/ Multifactorial Diseases (13, Bold)
1.4 Inherited Retinal Diseases (14, Bold)
1.5 Human retina structure and function (14, Bold)
1.6 Steps of the Visual Cascade (14, Bold)
1.7 Genes Causing Hereditary Retinal Diseases (14, Bold)
1.8 Retinitis Pigmentosa a Multifactorial Disease (14, Bold)
1.8.1 Disease Etiology (13, Bold)
1.8.2 Molecular Genetics of Retinitis Pigmentosa
1.9 Candidate Genes & associated Loci for Autosomal Recessive RP

2
Power Management and Monitoring System Dependent on Load (GSM)

Chapter 2

Literature Review

3
Power Management and Monitoring System Dependent on Load (GSM)

References

4
 Power Management and Monitoring System Dependent on Load (GSM)

[1] Taylor, Peter, et al. "Integrating voltage control and power flow management in AuRA-
NMS." (2008): 47-47.

[2] Bianchini, R., &Rajamony, R. (2004). Power and energy management for server
systems. Computer, 37(11), 68-76..

[3] Soliman, Samir S. "Load monitoring and management in a CDMA wireless

communication system." U.S. Patent 5,859,838, issued January 12, 1999.

[4] ChangseokBae, JinhoYoo, Kyuchang Kang, YoonsikChoe, and Jeunwoo Lee.Home

server for home digital service environments. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions
on, 49(4):1129–1135, Nov. 2003.

[5] Pipattanasomporn, Manisa, Hassan Feroze, and SaifurRahman. "Multi-agent systems

in a distributed smart grid: Design and implementation." Power Systems Conference and
Exposition, 2009.PSCE'09.IEEE/PES.IEEE, 2009.

[6] Reggiardo, Christopher V., and Martin J. Fennell. "Method and apparatus for providing
rechargeable power in data monitoring and management systems." U.S. Patent No.
7,756,561. 13 Jul. 2010.

[7] Mouly, Michel, Marie-Bernadette Pautet, and Thomas Foreword By-Haug. The GSM
system for mobile communications.Telecom publishing, 1992.

[8] Baraka, Kim, et al. "Low cost arduino/android-based energy-efficient home automation
system with smart task scheduling." Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems
and Networks (CICSyN), 2013 Fifth International Conference on. IEEE, 2013.

[9] Shimizu, Toshihisa, Osamu Hashimoto, and Gunji Kimura. "A novel high-performance
utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system." IEEE transactions on power
electronics 18.2 (2003): 704-711.

[10] Noguchi, T., Togashi, S. and Nakamoto, R., 2002. Short-current pulse-based
maximum-power-point tracking method for multiple photovoltaic-and-converter module
system. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49(1), pp.217-223.

[11] Subudhi, B., &Pradhan, R. (2013). A comparative study on maximum power point
tracking techniques for photovoltaic power systems. IEEE Transactions on sustainable
energy, 4(1), 89-98.