Introduction of Industrial Chemistry

(CORROSION)

NAME: MUHAMMAD HAZIQ B. MOHD HAMDAN

ALAM ID: 017169

CLASS: DME 40 DELTA

LECTURER: MAAM NUR AMIRAH BT. ISHAK

CORROSION ASSIGNMENT

A) Explains the fundamental process of corrosion

- Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when a material reacts to its environment. Process of
corrosion cell is anode reaction, cathode reaction, electrolyte, and electron transport. Corrosion can
happen if these four factors present.

B) States the main cause of corrosion

- There are several causes of corrosion such as chemical corrosion and atmospheric corrosion, the
latter of which is the most common form. When acidic substances including water come in contact
with metals, such as iron and/or steel, rust begins to form. Rust is the result of corroding steel after
the iron (Fe) particles have been exposed to oxygen and moisture. When steel is exposed to water,
the iron particles are lost to the water’s acidic electrolytes. Corrosion can happen at any rate,
depending on the environment that the metal is in.

C) Defines that seawater is an electrolyte

- Water is a compound that has strong ‘bonds’ among its constituents. The most
familiar electrolytes are acids, bases, and salts, which ionize when dissolved in such solvents
as water. Many salts, such as sodium chloride, behave as electrolytes when dissolved in water.

D) List the common engineering materials which produce passive oxide films

- Aluminium

- Titanium

- Stainless steel

E) List the components of galvanic cell and applies these to the corrosion of a metal

- Anode, cathode, electrolyte

- It is an electrochemical. Electrons will lose metal atoms at anode which is called as oxidation
reaction. At cathode, metal atoms will receive electrons and produce rust.
F) Defines pitting corrosion

- It is a form of localized corrosion of a metal surface where small areas corrode preferentially
leading to the formation of cavities or pits. Ions, such as Cl-, Br- and I- (oxidizing agent) tend to cause
pitting to steel

G) Recognizes the process of graphitization of cast iron when presence of seawater

- Cast irons behave similarly to carbon steels. They show susceptibility to pitting and crevice
corrosion in seawater and similar environments. In a seawater, the iron in the cast is more anodic
than the graphite and the iron corrodes. The galvanic corrosion is formed.

H) Defines the reasons why corrosion increases when seawater velocity increases

- Erosion will happen on the material surface if the velocity increase, especially on oxide layer. This
will lead to erosion corrosion and it depends on the thickness of oxide layer.

I) Describes stress corrosion and names the metals in which

- Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment. It can
lead to unexpected sudden failure of normally ductile metal alloys subjected to a tensile stress,
especially at elevated temperature.

- Stress corrosion commonly occur at stainless steel.

J) Explains what is meant by dezincification and dealuminization

- Dezincification: is a process which selectively removes zinc from an alloy, leaving behind a porous,
copper-rich structure that has little mechanical strength. Dezincification can show itself in a variety
of ways depending on the water composition and service conditions. It may present itself as dull red
spots on the surface of brass.

- Dealuminization: is a type of corrosion that consists of the selective loss of aluminium in aluminium
bronzes and nickel-aluminium bronzes. Massive effects have been observed in crevices on
aluminium bronze where the solution contains some chloride ions.

K) Explains what is meant by fretting corrosion

- Fretting corrosion is the rapid corrosion that occurs at the interface between contacting, highly
loaded metal surfaces when subjected to slight vibratory motions is known as fretting corrosion.

L) Defines the factors which increase the rate of fretting

- Contact load: two different load increase with increased load

- Number of cycle motion: the degree of fretting increase with number of cycles

- Relative humidity: fretting corrosion increased in dry air

M) Defines what is meant by corrosion fatigue

- Corrosion fatigue is a special case of stress corrosion caused by combined effects of repeated cyclic
stress levels and corrosion. Metals and alloys will crack in the absence of corrosion if they are subject
to high cyclic stress for a number of cycles.