GATE Papers and Their Solution 1. A box contains 6 red balls and 4 green balls, one ball is randomly picked and then a se, : cond is picked without replacement of the first ball. The probability that both the balls are gr (a) 15 (b) 2/25 (c) 2/15 (d) 4/25, zh 2. The directional derivative of f(x,y, 2)=x° +9" +2” at the point (1, 1, 1) in the direction i,j, (a) 0 (1 () 2 d) WE 8. The Taylor series expansion of the function : F(x) = x/(1 +x) around x=0 is @xtv txts... (b) l4xte text (c) 2x + 4x? + 8x + 16x"... @)x-2+x8-x4 4. For estimation of heat capacity of a solid compound, one can use (a) Clapeyron’s equation (6) Gibb’s equation () Kopp's rule (d) Trouton’s rule 5. For organic compounds, Group contribution Method can be used for estimation of (a) critical properties (0) specific gravity (c) specific volume (d) thermal conductivity 6, When dilute aqueous solutions of two salts are mixed, the process is associated with (a) decrease in temperature (b) increase in temperature (c) no change in temperature (d) change in temperature which is a function of composition 7. In Joule’s experiments, an insulated container contains 20 kg of water initially at 25°C. lis stirred by an agitator, which is made to turn by a slowly falling body weighing 40 keg through a height of 4 m. The process is repeated 500 times. The acceleration due to gravity s 9.8 ms”, Neglecting the heat capacity of agitator, the temperature of water (in °C) is (a) 40.5 (0) 34.4 (c) 26.8 (a) 25 8. One mole of Nitrogen at 8 bar and 600 K is contained in a piston-cylinder arrangement. It's brought to 1 bar isothermally against a resisting pressure of 1 bar. The work done (in Joules) by the gas is (a) 30554 (6) 10373, (c) 4988.4 (d) 4364.9 9. For water at 300 ° C, it has a vapour pressure 8592.7 kPa and fugacity 6738.9 kPa. Under th* conditions, one mole of water in liquid phase has a volume 25.28 cm’, and that in vapour Phas 391.1 cm®. Fugacity of water (in kPa) at 9000 kPa will be (a) 6738.9 (6) 6753.5 (c) 7058.3 (d) 9000 10. A lubricant 100 times more viscous than water would have a viscosity (in Pa-s) (a) 0.01 () 0.1 ()1 (a)10 is 11. The velocity profile for a Bingham plastic fluid flowing (under laminar conditions) 9 #PF° (a) parabolic (b) flat —ia apes and Thole Solutions ca out at near the wall and parabolic in the middle (@) Bt i jic near the wall and flat in the middle ara : @ My requirement (per unit mass of material crushed/ground) is highest for Wo) Jaw crusher (6) Rod mill (©) Ball mill (d) Fluid energy mill three solid objects of the same material and of equal mass - a sphere, a cylinder (length = 18 Jigmeter) and a cube — are at 500°C initially. ‘These are dropped in a quenching bath containing a large volume of cooling oil each attaining the bath temperature eventually. The fine required for 90% change of temperature is smallest for (a) cube (6) cylinder (c) sphere (d) equal for alll the three 14. A dilute aqueous solution is to be concentrated in an evaporator system. High pressure steam + ‘savailable. Multiple effect evaporator system is employed because (a) total heat transfer area of all the effects is less than that in a single effect evaporator system (6) total amount of vapour produced per kg of feed steam in a multieffect system is much higher than in a single effect (©) boiling point elevation in a single effect system is much higher than that in any effect in a multieffect system (d) heat transfer coefficient in a single effect is much lower than that in any effect in a multieffect system 15. The units of resistance to heat transfer are (a) dm"? K-* (6) Jm™ KK"? (©) Wm"? K>? @w' mk 16. The diffusion coefficient, in m?/s, of Acetic acid in Benzene (liquid in liquid) is (a) 2.09 x 10 * (6) 2.09 x 10-5 (©) 2.09 x 107% (@ 2.09 x 10°? 17, Component A is diffusing in a medium B. The flux Na relative to a stationary point is equal to the flux due to molecular diffusion if (a) mass transfer is accompanied by reaction (6) diffusion of A is in stagnant medium B (©) molecular mean free path is high (@) there is equimolar counter-diffusion 18. Minimum reflux ratio in a distillation column results in (a) optimum number of trays (6) minimum reboiler size (c) maximum condenser size (d) minimum number of trays oe 19. For a series of reactions A———> B———> C having k, << kg, the reaction system can be approximated as iy s ky ky () A—B ()A——9B ()A—>c @a—sc « %. An elementary liquid phase decomposition reaction A> 2 B is to be carried out in a CSTR. ie design equation is ot X,(1+Xa) T= X4/(1~ Xa) @) t= X4/(1 + Xa)" a-X QR, : : . "Find a mechanism that is consistent with the rate equation and reaction given below 2A+B——5 A,B (-14)=kCaCa © ktexya— xy)? (d) kt Cag = —@A+B=AB, AB+A——7-AB (6) A+B——> AB; AB+A—— AB AA+B—— AB (c) A+A——> AA; ; AA+B—— AB @A+AaAA, ; 22, Match the measured process variables with the list of et devices given below ‘Measured process variables Measuring sae P Temperature 1 Bourdon tube element Q Pressure 2 Orifice plates R Flow 3 Infrared analyzer $ Liquid level 4 Dane devices T Composition 5 Pyrometer Cc) Ps, R-2, S-4, 7-3 () P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2, T-5 @ P-3, Q-1, R-2, 8-4, T-5 23. Suppose that the gain, time constant, and dead time of a process with the following trans function G(s) = 10 exp (- 0.18)/(0.5s + 1) th a possible error of + 20% of their values. The largest permissible gain K, of, are known wit ed by taking the values of process gain, tine proportional controller needs to be calculate constant and dead time as (a) 8, 0.6, 0.08 (b) 12, 0.6, 0.12 (c) 8, 0.6, 0.12 (d) 12, 0.4, 0, 08 24, Water is flowing through a series of four tanks and getting heated as shown in Figure 121.1 1% |t Tank 1 T, Tank 2 Tank 3 ™% Tank 4 : - Fig. 12.1, isd the pales ae eae control scheme for controlling the temperature of water leaving Bissiee (hela oss 'urbance in the temperature of a second stream entering the Ts! Place to take the secondary measurement for the secondary loop (a) Tank 1 (6) Tank 2 ) (c) Tank 3 2 25. rae Sed component of the fixed capital consists of 2 (a) con| ingency (b) onsite and offsite costs (c) labour costs (d) raw material costs 26. A series | eee oe payments (eg., deposit or cost) made at equal intervals of time is known (e) annuity (©) capital charge factor (d) future worthGu ables required to be known in correlations used for estimating the horse power of a gt ae fagal gas compressor and hence its cost are ?p inlet pressure Q compressor RPM delivery Cleat _. S volumetric flow rate at inlet w@Paer (RES @P,R&S nylon 66 is so named because 28: ay he average degree of polymerization of the polymer is 1966 (the number of carbon atoms between two nitrogen atoms are 6 {othe number of nitrogen atoms between two carbon atoms are 6 (@ the polymer was first synthesized in 1966 go, The catalytic converter for conversion of SO, to SOg by contact process should have a feed with S802 content between (a) 25% (6) 7-10% (©) 12-15% (d) 20-25% go. The composition of fresh feed to the high temperature high pressure urea autoclave is (@) excess liquid ammonia and liquified CO, (6) excess liquid ammonia and compressed CO, gas (o) liquid ammonia and excess compressed COz (d) compressed NH gas and excess compressed CO 41. The range of values for a constant ‘K’ to yield a stable system in the following set of time dependent differential equations is dy, a= 78+ 4-Dy. dy: Ben —2y2 (@) 02R — ry=hypa hy = 20 mol/(sec. m°bar) A3S — ro=hgpa hy = 40 mol (see. m’ bar) total pressure = 1 bar; F'49 = 1 mol/sec; feed is pure A LA step input tracer test is used to explore the flow pattern of fluid ate of 1 m/min. Yolume equal to 1 m° having a feed (a-we) 12 F-7-"yw Chemical Engineering for, 570 “Blea Identify for each curve (shown in Fig. 12.7) in Group 1 a suitable flow model from the jay cnet Group? oad 1 PFR and CSTR in series ai 2 CSTR with dead space 3. PFR in series with a CSTR and dead space 4 CSTR (a) P-4,Q-3 (b) P-4, Q-1 (c) P-2,Q-3 (d) P-2,Q-4 i i basket type of mixed flow r . Foll isothermal kinetic data are obtained in a ate fg : pa meal Determine the role of diffusion and external mass transfer processe, ” !# Leaving a : atl, concentration of the Spinning rateof =|, porneter reactant 1 1 high 2 2 iz low 7 2 1 high 1 (a) Strong pore diffusion control and mass transfer not controlling (0) Both pore diffusion and mass transfer not controlling (c) Both pore diffusion and mass transfer controlling (d) Mass transfer controlling 75. The pressure differential across a vertical venturimeter (shown in Figure 12.8) is measured with the help of a mercury manometer to estimate flow rate of water flowing through it. The expression for the velocity of water at the throat is V3-Ve (a) + = hPm/py { vi-vi () eT Om ~ Pulp Ye Vi-Vi t (0) “Sa = H+ hm ~ Pu)/pp H vy vv 1 @ SE! Om ~Pul/op t 76, Water is entering a storage tank at a temperature Ty and flow rate Qy and leaving ty flow rate @ and temperature T (Fig. 12.9) There are negligible heat losses in the tank. (@) oT - T) =A, 4 %T% () Qoto- or =a4 22 sal © QTy-T)=4,n oT dt (@) Qt-n=a,4 a) It Fig. 12.9. z~ ar saand Ther Solutions pas ow timate gain and frequency fo 571 the v! : T @ proporti ‘t Og the following transfer function “ontroller in the case of a process CO. Z (s+) @s+Deep i. 6 @ 07 Tia" "14 won spoteh the type of controller given in Grou in Group 2 Group 1 aan : up Distillation column bottoms level to b p with bottoms flow ‘© be controlled 1. P control @. Distillation column pressure to be controlled by 2, Py aed manipulating vapor flow from the top plate Flow control of a liquid from a pump by positioni the valve in the line P by positioning S. Control of temperature of a CSTR with coolant flow p 3. P-I-D control in the jacket, (a) P-1, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (6) P-2, Q-2, R-3, S-3 (0) P-2, Q-2, R-1, S-1 (d) P-2, Q-3, R-2, S-3 ‘8.In the case of a feed forward control scheme, which of the following is NOT true ? I Itis insensitive to modeling errors 2 Cannot cope with unmeasured disturbances 8 Itwaits until the effect of the disturbance has been felt by the system before control action is taken 4 Requires good knowledge of the process model 5 Requires identification of all possible disturbances and their direct measurement (@) Land 3 (6) land 4 (©) and 5 (@)3 and 4 Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and ‘entroller action to be recommended are (0 air to open valve with the controller direét acting ®) air to close valve with the controller indirect acting {° sit to open valve with the controller indirect acting opiate valve with the controler a. a plant have the following capital imegtiRPt under consideration for installation @t a Dien Woe eS Pump. Bs sReants and salvage values. Pump A: determine what should be the ran 5000, Cy = Rs, 20,000. Using capitalized cost lly equivalent). Interest rate is = life of the pumps for both to be competitive igi : f gyq,ittum. Maintenance and operational costs are nef = (6) 5 years (c) 6ye (d)8 yearsital i t of Rs. 150 lakh; cess has fixed capital investment re ees value zero. Annual revenues from sales are RS. 996 lakhe ‘aPital : Inks and other expenses 10% ofthe revenue. Assume proper Span ofan 5 years and interest rate to be 10%. Tax rate is 40% n of i and straight jj 11 yey, year, 13 applicable a “recat 82. Tiscounted value (to present time) of the profit before tax (for the total Ms rupees is Plant (a) 228 lakhs (0) 400 lakhs (c) 520 lakhs (680, 83. Discounted value of the depreciation benefit over the tax life in rupees ie lakhs (a) 12 lakhs (0) 24 lakhs (c) 46 lakhs (60a 84, In distillation column sizing calculations by short cut methods, mat, 1 Number of real traye nt illovag 2 Column diameter 8 Minimum number of deal tay 4 Actual number of ideal traye 5 Minimum reflux ratio 6 Try efficiency (a) P-1, Q-8, R-4, 5-6 () P-2, Q-5, R-1, 8-3 (©) P-5, Q-8, R-6, 8-2 @) P-5, Q-3, R-4, $-2 ers mentioned can be used to make fibers , Urea aldehydes P Underwood's Equation Q Fenske’s Equation R Gilliland’s Equation S Vapour velocity at flooding 8 e Identify the group in which all the polym (a) Butadiene copolymers, Polyamides (6) Cellulose derivatives, Polyisoprene, Polyethylene (c) Cellulose derivatives, Polyamides, Polyurethanes (d) Polypropylenes, Polyvinylchloride, Silicones The preferred reacting system for oxidation of o- (a) jacketed liquid phase CSTR (6) jacketed steam heated (c) multitubular reactor w; (d) multistage multitubul; xylene to phthalic anhydride is multitubular reactor ith cooling ‘ar reactor with interstage cooling Group 1 Group 2 1 Fertilizer industry 2 Paper and Pulp industry P Calcium ammonium nitrate @ CaCly - NaCl liquor 3 Soda ash industry p-3e chet @ hae ai lostie’ 88, Group 1 os P Black liquor 1 a refining Q Activated silica alumina 2 Sugar factory A R Press mud wort (@) P-1,R~9 ()P-2,Q-1 (©) Q@-1,R-2 dlsand Their Solutions ef ot refinerY> petroleum crude is fractionated to 573 Bb heavy distillates, residues gas fracti te! : and b; ction, light end gtilla! fuel oil b Y Products, Th, ends, intermediate sel ol are el oil belongs to the fraction © Broup of products including gas oil, (g) heavy as (6) intermediate distillate jc) light em ce (d) residues : f preference for feedstock to 4 ye order Of . a catalytic reformer j Teralyicnaphtha ~coking naphtha vega acne (p) coking naphtha — virgin naphtha ~ catalytic naphth: (e virgin naphtha = — catalytic naphtha ~ coking naphtha = @ virgin naphtha - coking naphtha catalytic naphtha LQ =@ &$@ 46) &@ &@) 26) 86 0) 106) n@ %@ 13. (a) M4) 18d) 16) 1.) 18) 19g) 2. w(t) 2% (a) 28 (d) 24 (a) 28. () 26. (c) 27. (gd) 28. () 2. ®) 0) a 3% (d) 88 (b) 34. (a) 85. (b) 36. (@) 87. (c) 98. (5) 89. (d) 40. (c) ad) 4% (6) 48) 44 (c) 45. d) 46. () 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (e) 50. (d) a. () 5% (c) 83. (6) 54. (c) 8B. (a) 86. (b) 87. (a) 6B. (c) 59. (d) 60. (b) a.) 6% (a) 63. (a) 64. (6) 65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (ad) 6B. (b) 69. (c) 70. (d) ne) 7% (d) 73 (d) 74. (b) 75. (6) 18. (c)_ 7 () 7B (a) 79. (a) 80. (b) H.(b) 82 83. 84. (d) 85. (c) 86. (c) 87. (a) «88. (c) 8B. (a) 90. (d) 1.(¢) Probability of picking first ball green = Probability of picking second ball green Probability of picking both balll greet 2) Foy zae ty +2 7 af , Ay 4 L ai en +i +k pai eit oky in +5 At the point (1, 1, 1,) Uf = 2i+ Qj +2k ‘. Directional derivative of fin the direstion#—#= fa “Be i-% Be peu yeiraa eo Witee §@ pq. dF o+Zt pas we rore | 6-4 | Lo he I+x>574 1 éF oN F(O)=% de x= 0 gee x ug ete et 2 F@FTrx ie ded to water © 1. (@) Energy yeratt e of wate! , the temperatur tere 20 x 4180 (T= 25) or Ve re 8. (6) Work done by the 685, wekTin Yh =RT In . 8.314 x 600 In 8 = 10373 Vy P-Pis) 28 (9000 - 8592.7 eh 6738.9exp 4314x575 |--msy 9. (6) ieee 10. (6) ater = 107° Pas -3 = tab zane = 100% 10 Pas=0.1Pas 18. (a) Acube = 6D’ ‘The time required for change of temperatur: surface area of cube is maximum for given volume temperature is smallest for cube. 20. (a) 010-04 _ Caoka Cara — =Tq 7 ka BC ag (A - Xa) Xa 1X e is smallest for largest surface area. Sons 'V, the time required for 90% ce ke k 21.0) A+B—»AB AB ae = rg =hiCaCp + hoCazCa — rap = k2CapCa - kiCaCp=0 Ca =72 Ce ~ra=hCata ha FECo J = 2hyCaC = RCACB 32. (P+) + ay =e ds Oey ata Integrating factor =e! ( 7 1¢ na The Solutions 575 oa auton ofthe given differential equation is yae+D= Sa ; }a2 rnd fete 6 Aa on i the given condition y (1) =0,C=- ? Therefore, the solution is afl t ( 1- 2] 1 ee a] tal a 2 a 2 Pasi) | 2 asi? 1/8 pst omy = 520i -mXD S_ga3,2(Yi-mX) (- XI) = 25, VX? + mXP) im BY XP _ 054165 “yxt (1+16 y=x* sit) m= (ais ond orem on foyer? yay? +20? 1+axd-0 ae cutv=| 2 B= -y'x ty? 0 1 a 6 ale 1 } CurlV=6 x1 x jo k= yp he Therefore, the motion is rotational. f@=utiv m+ 10m +25 =0 m=-5,-5 -5t x= (C1 + Cpepoe fet rats f ferro dt i aa 0 = LUO ye ¢ 38. (6) Chemical reactions : C +029 COp c+30,+00 es with 32g O2 to produce 44g CO2. Combin oe h 16g Op to produce 28g CO. 12g C Combines wit! Reactant: C=6g Og = 18g For complete combustion 6g carbon requires 16g 0». Therefore, carbon ina, 12 C consumed to produce 16.5 g COp = 33 x 16.5g = 4.5g C consumed to produce 2.8 g CO -2 x 2.8g = 1.2g ‘Total carbon burnt = 4.5 + 1.2 = 5.7g 1 Degree of conversion of carbon = 39. (d) Basis : 100 kg aqueous solution Density of solution = 1.011 kg/l 100 Vol = 100 _ flume of solution = 100. - 98.911 3 Concentration of H,SO,, g/1 = 245 %10" _ of HpS0,, g/t = 45X17 _ 94.07 Normality = Concentration in g/l _ 24.77 _ "Y=" Equivalent weight ~ 9872 ~ 0-055 41.(@) a Let the mass of crys mass of sl ution tals formed be S kg and | the Mass fraction of e 4280, in crystals = 242 = 0.4410 | Nas80, b b spalance :100=S4+z | Solving thege og 100 * 0-30 = 0.44108 + 0.10L S=58.65 Ping “dations, we getand Their Solutions 100 mol of natural gas B Cra cH = 80m! No= 220mol Combustion reactions : CHy+ 202 +00 + 28,0 CH, +5 30, > C0 +2H,0 CH, converted into co 0.8 x 80 =64 CH, converted into CO = 0.2 x 80 = 16 tral ‘heoretical O2 a for complete combustion of CH irsupplied = 292 1.2=914.2857 mot += 80%2 = 160 mol 0, supplies 0.21 x 914.2857 = 192 mol Ny, supplied = 0.79 x 914.2857 = 722.2857 mol Total Nz in the combustion gases = 722.2857 + 20 = 749.2857 = 742.2857 mol Op in the combustion gases = 192 - 64x2-16x3 = 40 mol C0; formed = 64 mol CO formed = 16 mol Component ca COs 64 co 7: 2 40 N, 742.2857 773 173 8,(0) Heat given off by 1 mol air=} Cyd’ 173 (26.693 + 7.365 x 10° °T) dT 73 i173 = [ 26.6937 + 7.365 x 10° (5 J M4. = 18106 = 18.11kd () Let the final temperature be T°C. Then hia B04 x (600 — 7) = 40x 4.18 x (T- 25) T= 30.6°C Change in entropy of block 7 ; : 973-+306 __ -['@- fence mcr g, =5x0.4 In 973 + 500 ~ 1.87 kJ/K TY 973 +308 9 1Kd/K Change in entropy of water = 40 41610 a 4 kd /K ropy change = 3.11 - 1.87=12 a ony ne Ma) Thermal efficiency of Carnot engine a be Thermal efficiency of heat engine = © 5x2 -& 100000 _ 320000 W- Heat absorbed from the heat reservoir = 320099 w 46, (b) Maximum power output = (3443.9-2676) x 1 kW = 767.9 kw 47.(a) The modified Raoult’s law for methanol (A) ig ; 7 yaPe= Ya xa PRE : YaPr _0.5714x 39.293 x, Pit 0.1686 x 84.569 = 1579 48. (b) Let Vg be the volume of water vapour after coo) aN ling in m3 an vapour condensed in kg. 4 mi be the ay Mass balance provides Ve 1.789 +L Volume of vessel = volume occupied by steam + volume occupied by mr deat 1673-= Vg + Re Solving these equations, we get my, = 0.065 kg. 49.(c) The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is GP AP aT RE or, dinP™! 2 : Q/T) ~~ R = dinP* 7 = Ra 8.314[ In 101.325) — In (94.3) = 2296 kJ/kg 1 1 =V x= Vo at x = 0 in Eq. (II) gives C= "0ad Their Solutions ty Seam Nt? 4fLp can 4fL pV? (n/4) D? = = gap = Bhkog b ae bP=~9¢.D ee $2 0.0062 160 x 108 (0.003)? | | a P1x (60x10°3 8 p discharge Pressure = Payy + AP = 19) Pump’ 111617 525 + 10292 = 111617 N/m? = 11.4 = 12 m of water ter Head = 0939.81 AP. £ (1-8) (pp- = 28h a 0.4) (2.5 x 10° 198 8.0L be ) = 8829 N/m? 375 x 10° Voy + 10.94 x 108 Vou = 8829 . 29.1733V Gy + Voy - 0.0235 = 0 The roots of this equation are : LtV1+ 4x 29.1733x00035 2x 29.1733 Taking + sign, Voy = 0.016 m/s = 16 mm/s l-ey 11-04 oO: Vom L HOT, : e=07 4.(a) During constant-rate filtration, or During constant-pressure filtration, dt _woCV _4y av" aap, 5 Integration yields Sia) cle 2 [ U = 0.2469 W/m °C oe q= UAT =0. 2469 x (700 - 30)= "\W) From Dittus-Boelter equation, Nyy = 9-023 Mie Ner ey (#)i i ion i than the radi iti dius of insulation is more ‘adius of 61.(d) If the Ce ait increase and then decrease with increage a the surface wo! of insulation less than the pipe radius, the ima t a ius ; . the ei increase in insulation thickness, woul 3/04 p99) i 62. wo meeKie'-9=8i($-* p0 ( . 001 )en8x0 “ig Z 05 a .05 N dy _ f al ore 63. (a) wrt oa | y—y* “0.001 5 + 0-001 - 1.5x " “9,991 3.5x + 0.001 ” pe a ie __ aed “Fo001 3.5 z= 9.001 } 0.001 *0.001 0-79 + 0.0003 Z 003 | =5.0 = Gyn Oy +00 ee =5.09 Z=NTUog x HTUgg = 5.09 x 0.4=2m 64, (b) According to penetration theory, a how Fe 100 fold increase in Reynolds number results in 100 fold increase in velo hi the exposure time ¢, by a factor of 1/100. Therefore, the mass-transfer cveficet! by a factor of V100 = 10 65. (c) Since the amount of drug is the same in the cubic as well as spherical ‘tablets b of the two tablets should be same. Let this volume be V. If the radius ofsp r, then abe? ve 37 vs r=(3¥ 4n 1/3, Surface area of spherical tablet = 4nr? = 4n (= J = Agger ° ] : 4x If the side of the cubic tablet is x, then i Vax8 ory = yl/3 e cubic tablet =6x7=6 yp Surface area of th Ref ateaition ofeubc tablet n water at t= 0 __ 8701 7. of spherical tablet in water att=0 4.8357 n={ Re-0 Re [30 }e-(% fa a= 4s fr ax 0 Xo oo Vw x, Reand Theit Solutions P 1 B be th ; 561 it ‘mol A/mol © concentratioy eo” tT ton in the solvent. min the feed and X~ mol A/mol § be the sperating line : 200Y + 400X9 = 200Y + 400x x-%o_¥ 272 puiibrivm curve X=Y/2 ‘he maximum percentage extraction is achieved ifthe Y and X are related by equilibrium 0. wre ¥_¥%o_¥ 2° 272 Yo er, a Y ‘ Yor¥ Yo-> Percentage extraction = Ty, * 100 = x 100 = 50% 0 aa Ca = Cag (1 -Xq) =5 (1- 0.5) =2.5 kmol/m? Let V be the reactor volume. Mass balance for component A gives qao=GCatkCaV -3 3 10 _10 1 6 X5= gq X 25+ gpX25xV V=10 3m? Heat to be removed = heat generated by chemical reaction 17L(@ Mass balance for component A : Fag = Fa + (ky +2) pa V Mass balance for component R: 0=Fr-2k,p4V Fr For maximum Fp Fa=0 2 ‘ Maximum Fp = 5. "1d Let the fractional conversions of A by first and second reactions be Xq) and Xo Fp=2hypaV 2NaoXar= 21 PaV Fs=3hkopaV 3 Nao Xa2=3 ko Pa V Xa2_he _40_ Xa, hy 20 Xq2=2x0.3=0.6 Nao (1 - Xa1 -Xa2) |r 2Mokn=2h P| Nao d= Kar -Xaz) + 2 Nao Xai + 3 Nao Xaz 1-Xai-Xaz_|y Kah? gogait he= 1-03-06 _ S| les taxes |” y-0375 m° , ” jon (assuming turbulent flow) ng Bernoulli's equation 75. (b) Applying P1+Pw8 Hi ~ Pm Bh — Pw (H+ Hy ~ h) =p, or, Py-Po= (m~ Pu 8h + Pw BH From Bqs. (1) and (ID, Wh Un=Po6h2Pet (Pate ge PwS aes } 16. (c) Total mass balance : d Pu Qo = Pu Q+ 3 (Ac h Pu dh Qo- Q= 4c Ge Energy balance : Reference temperature = 0°C d Qo Pu Cp To= @ Pu CPT + 5; ch Pw CpT) @%=9r+A, 4 From Egs. (I) and (II), = ar Q-@ oreeralee( 4) 7) aT | pdh nT) = c arsa| Ag eTg Oh QT QT-T(Qy-Q=Ah TE - Qo (ToT) =A, SE 71. (d) Ke Goo ec Gs +1) Qs ++) o=tan | (4) +tan (20) + tan” 1-0) men? 4a) tan 1-140" -7 +807 =0 or w= 7/8 Oa (16a? + 1) (40 De)rut pen and Their Solutions cate oe ie 583 c atl 45, 4 = Ko= [e: 0+" Ca asa" 0 91.0) (+)"-1 +a" (+i* mpa a +p" Cor ay" Q+H"-1 G+y asa" ae : Joump B oo 280] 00". [5000 - 2000 [22 aay" jl aay" - aay" Jl aa'-1 : 20000 - 3900 _ 19999 quay" In (1.61) _ i n= In (1.1) =5 years