‘AL ENGINEERI 1 The inverse Laplace transform of the function cou Masa) (ite ()1-e (c) l+et ai 2. The function f (x) = 3x (x - 2) has a (@) minimum at x = 1 (b) maximum at x=1 (©) minimum at x = 2 (@) maximum at #=2 4. The complex number 2 (1 +1) can be represented in polar form as (a) avai weer () Weir @aer 4. The differential equation 2, Oy sinx B ayehesioh zi sah dx dx (a) first order and linear (6) first order and non-linear (c) second order and linear Feed, xp= 0.5 (@ second order and non-linear 5. Adistillation column separates 10,000 ke/h of 4‘ benzene-toluene mixture as shown in the figure 12.10. In the figure, xpp, and *w Tepresent the weight fraction of benzene 1m the feed, distillate, and residue, respectively. The reflux ratio is Fig. 12:10 05; (6) 06 10 (22.0 110,000 ke/h6. The weight fraction of ‘methanol in an aqueous solution is 0.64, The mole traction of methang) xy satisfies (a) xy < 0.5 (b) xy = 0.5 (c) 0.5 < xy < 0.64 (d) xy 20.64 7. For an ideal gas mixture undergoing a reversible gaseous phase chemical reaction, th, equilibrium constant @) is independent of pressure (b) increases with pressure (c) decreases with pressure : (d) increases/decreases with pressure depending on the stoichiometric coefficients of the reaction 8. As pressure approaches zero, the ratio of fugacity to pressure (#P) for a gas approaches (a) zero (®) unity (©) infinity (d) an indeterminate value 9. A perfectly insulated container of volume V is divided into two equal halves by a partition. One side is under vacuum while the other side has one mole of an ideal gas (with constant heat capacity) at 298 K. If the partition is broken, the final temperature of the gas in the container (a) will be greater than 298 K (®) will be 298 K (c) will be less than 298 K (d) cannot be determined 10. The rate expression for the gaseous phase reaction CO + 2H <> CH3OH is given by r= kpbo Ph, - 2 PbHon Which of the following is NOT possible ? (a) a= 1,8=1,7=1 (&) a=1,B=2, (c) a= 1/3, B=2/3, y=1/3 (d) a= 1/2,B=1, 11. The equivalent diameter for flow through a rectangular duct of width B and height H is HB HB. 2HB 4HB @) 3H+B) (©) +B © G+B) @ Gre B) 12, What is the force required (in Newtons) to hold a spherical balloon stationary in water at depth of H from the air- water interface ? The balloon is of radius 0.1 m and is filled with air. @ 4# ( One ( Stat (a) 2043 13. Match the system in Group I with equipment used to separate them in Group II Group I Group Il P gas-solid 1 filter press Q liquid-tiquid 2 cyclone 3 decanter 4 thickener (@) P-1,Q-2 (6) P-2,Q-3 (c) P-3,Q-4 (d) P-4,Q-1 14, For a cyclone of diameter 0.2 m with a tangential velocity of 15 m/s at the wall, the separatio® factor is (a) 2250 (6) 1125 (©) 460 (4) 230 15, For a particle settling in water at its terminal settling velocity which ofthe following is” (a) buoyancy = weight + drag (b) weight = buoyancy + drag (c) drag = buoyancy + weight (d) drag = weight 16. In constant pressure filtration, (a) resistance decreases with time (6) rate of filtration is constant11 In forced convection, the Nusselt number Ne, (a) Re and Pr @)Reand Gr Nie function of 18, For an ideal black body () Pr and Gr (d) Re and Se (a) absorptivity =1 (6) reflectivity = 1 (©) erhissivity=0 (d) transmissivity eer Oates RO Eee Pure aniline is evaporating throu, pressure of 100 kP. a a. The ih a stagnant air film of 1mm thickness at 300 K and a total ae . Vapour pressure of aniline at 300 K is 0.1 kPa. The total molar concentration under these conditions is 40.1 mol/m®. The diffusivity of aniline in air is 0.74x 1075 m/s, 19. The numerical value of the mass transfer coefficient is 7.4 x 10”, Its units are (a) m/s () cm/s (©) mol/(m’sPa) (a) kmol/(m°sPa) 20. The rate of evaporation of aniline is 2.97 x 10” Its units are (a) mol/s (b) mol/(cm?s) (©) kmol/(m?s) (a) kmol/(m?s) Peon eRe RD Oe niet ad An air-water vapour mixture has a dry bulb temperature of 60°C and a dew point temperature of 40°C. The pressure is 101.3 kPa and the vapour pressures of water at 40°C and 60°C are 7.30 kPa and 19.91 kPa. respectively 21, The humidity of air sample expressed as kg of vapour/kg of dry air is (a) 0.048 (®) 0.079 (©) 0.122 (a) 0.152 22, The wet bulb temperature 7,, for the above mixture would be (a) less than 40°C () 40°C (©) 40°C diesel > petrol > LPG (®) lubricating oils > petrol > diesel > LPG (c) petrol > lubricating oils > diesel > LPG (@) petrol > diesel > LPG > lubricating oil 31. The sum of the eigenvalues of the matrix (4) for real and negative of x is (a) greater than zero (6) less than zero (©) zero (d) dependent on the value of x 82. The system of equations 4x + 6y=8 Tx + 8y=9 3x4 2y=1 has (a) no solution (6) only one solution (c) two solutions (d) infinite number of solutions 98 Abox contains thre blue balls and four red balls. Another identical box contains two bls bas ind five red balls. One ball is picked at rand. = probability that it came from the fist borin 2 ON ofthe two boxes and ts rd @) 28 ay an 34. The series ial nl yr +2" net converges for (a) allz (b)2>2 (©) |z|>2 (d)|2| <2 36 3 39 40 4 42papers and Their Solutions Gate 587 og. The differential equation for the variation ofthe amount of alt x in a tank with time tis given x : wy Se 10. x is in kg and ¢ is in minutes. Assuming that there is no salt in the tank initially, the time (in min) at which the amount of salt increases to 100 kg is (a) 101n2 (6) 20 In 2 (c) 60 In 2 (d) 100 In 2 ge, Value ofthe integral . 2 J, Sis aaa @0 (0) 0.25 (1 @e 1. The differential equation 2 s 2, (2) Py teG ax can be reduced to (where ais a constant) 3 2 wy) ig eae dy _@ dy _o w(Z]-« 2 Ola |= e-y a wees 38, The value of lim x39 27-81 (a)0 (b) v27 (©) 108 @e 89. 80 kg of Na,SO, (molecular weight = 142) is present in 330 kg of an aqueous solution. The solution is cooled such that 80 kg of NagSOy. 10 H,0 crystals separate out. The weight fraction of NaSOj in the remaining solution is (a) 0.00 (b) 0.18 (©) 0.24 (d) 1.00 Pecks One mole of methane undergoes complete combustion in a stoichiometric amount of air. The reaction proceeds as CH, + 202 + COs + 2H,0; Both the reactants and the products are in gas phase. AH99q = - 730 kJ/mol of methane. 40. Mole fraction of water vapour in the product gases is about (a) 0.19 (6) 0.33 (c) 0.40 (d)0.67 41. Ifthe average specific heat of'all the gases/vapour is 40 J/(mol K), the maximum temperature tise of the exhaust gases in °C would be approximately equal to (a) 1225 (b) 1325, (c) 1525 (d) 1735 42, A vessel of volume 1000 m? contains air which is saturated with water vapour. The total Pressure and temperature are 1000 kPa and 20°C, respectively. Assuming that the vapour Pressure of water at 20°C is 2.34 kPa, the amount of water vapour (in kg) in the vessel is approximately (a) 17 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 34 The number of degrees of freedom for an azeotropic mixture in a two component vapour-liquid “quilibria is/are '9) zero (b) one (c) two (d) three 43,588 Chemical Engineering for Gary 44. A car tyre of volume 0.057 m° is inflated to 300 kPa at 300 K. After the car is driven for te, hhours the pressure in the tyre increases to 330 kPa. Assume air is an ideal gas and C, for ai, is 21 J/(mol K). The change in the internal energy of air in the tyre in J/mol is (a) 380 (b) 630 (c) 760 (d) 880 45. A gas obeys P (v ~ b) = RT. The work obtained from reversible isothermal expansion of one mole of this gas from an initial molar volume V; to a final molar volume V;is ; Vy-8 (a) RTIn ul (o) RT in| -— V; 7 Vv Vy-b Rrin| ye (@) RTIn 3) 46. A cyclic engine exchanges heat with two reservoirs maintained at 100 and 300°C. respectively, The maximum work (in J) that can be obtained from 1000 J of heat extracted from the hot reservoir is (a) 349 (b) 651 (© 667 (a) 1000 47. The vapour pressure of water is given by InP! =A 2 here A is a constant, P is vapour pressure in atm, and T is temperature in K The vapour pressure.of water in atm at 50°C is approximately (a) 0.07 () 0.09 (©) 0.11 (d) 0.13 48. At standard conditions, Np +202 ¢2 2NOg AG? = 100 kJ/mol NO+ 3 02. NOy AG? = - 35 kJ/mol The standard free energy of formation of NO in kJ/mol is (@) 15 (b) 30 (©) 85 (@) 170 49. Viscosity of water at 40°C lies in the range of (a) 1x 1079 - 2x 10°? kg/(ms) (6) 0.5 x 10°? ~ 1x 1075 kg/(ms) () 1-2 kg/(ms) (@) 0.5 - 1 kg/(ms) 50. For the manometer setup shown in the figure 12.11, the pressure difference P4 - Pp is given by (a) (PH — Pair) BH (6) (PH - PL) BH (©) (PH PL) BH + (PL - Pair) 8 (L - H) (d) (PH - PL) €L + (PL Pair) BH 51. A conical tank with a bottom opening of cross-sectional area A if filled with water and is mounted on supports, as shown in the figure. What is the force F with which plate X must be pushed up to prevent water from leading? Assume that the density of air is negligible as compared to the density of water py. (a) piVa () py AHg Fig. 12:12 (©) pr Ve/2 (dex Ve/9a ot piping networks as shown in the fi ip TH identical pipe segments and are Bure 12.13 are py ost ng no pressure losses at junctions treet t0 the aang “eizontall war Qo: Q3' » the flow rates acroay’ owe a ree ne 589 iy. They are made Irop across them. tworks are related Fig a) 8:2 (6) 1:2:3, acre i . @) Naz , To keep the power input constant for a stirred ve jow conditions (constant power number), if he moecarating under fully developed turbulent fnpeller speed should be decreased by a factor of — 3/2, 3, @ 0.2) (8) (1.2)° © a2 waz" 4, Acentrifugal filtration unit operating at a rotational speed of has i fac i (density pz) located at a radial distance R from the axis of rotation, "The thickness ofthe i {lm is 8 and no cake is formed. The initial pressure drop during filtration is 12 pe 1 252 50°F pp (0) 5 0°" Ce) F076, 2R+ 8) (d)uPRpy (+25) & Upyis the minimum fluidisation velocity for a bed of particles. An increase in the superficial as velocity from 2U pr to 2.5 Up results in (all velocities are smaller than the entrainment velocity of the particles) no change in (a) drag on particles (6) drag on column walls (© the bed height (d) the bed voidage ae, 6. The Kozney-Carman equation, rewritten in terms of non-dimensional numbers, gives (3 ) Proportional to A 2 (L/D) Re? ty “e a oH? @ Dp (Dp/L) Re’ . ion of N; particles of 7.The cumulative mass fraction of particles smaller than 517° jor a collection ofp diameter d; and mass m, (i= 1,2,3 «~~ %) is given bY i aa i 3 . 5 m/Y,Nimidi 9 Sway wad () DL Nima D : for ina - = j @) LN! Nymdi i= ian ed at 80°C and the right in of thickness 0.2 16S ig 1.2 Wim KO and the heat ty o i : . LNima?/, Nymid? a ist ~ 'eft face of a one dimensional slab tivity temperature of the “tit exposed to air 30°C. The thermal conduc 2K, at steady state the temPe rghit? coefficient from the right face 1s 10 W/m (a) 48.7 Bh face in °C j ¢. The density (a) Cis 63.8 ir at 30" Ne 1) °C is left in 3 "Artal 12 ‘The heat aq ball of radius 0.1m at a unifor ® Specific heat of the metal are 3° o spectively ro temperate’? Ty ays /ike K, TPE wm and 050 W/(m? K). Neglecting the temperat, a h ‘ure transfer conic for the ball to cool to 60°C is Bri time 2 o (6) 55.5 (©) 0.55 (a) ion (20 kg of salt j ‘i entrate a 20% salt solution (20 kg of salt in 100 60. Itis desired : Gncoratar: Consider a feed of 300 kg/min at go%¢ a a 110°C, the latent heat of vaporization is 2100 ky, solu " . - and solution judfg K). The rate at which heat has tobe supplied (n Pa is (a) 3.06 x 10° (2) 999, «Hot water (0.01 m?/min) enters the tube side of a cocurrent shell and ty g0°C and leaves at 50°C. Cold oil (0.05 m°/min) of density 800 kg/m, kJ/(kg K) enters at 20°C. The long mean temperature difference in (a) 32 (b) 37 (c) 45 () 6.12 x 10° (c) 7.24 x 108 6 °C is app (a) 50 3 are based on the data supplied in the paragraph below The boiling points for pure water and pure toluene are 100°C and 110 Toluene and water are completely immiscible in each other. A well agitated of toluene and water is prepared. 62. The temperature at which the above mixture will exert a pressure of one s (a) less than 100°C (6) 100°C (c) between 100 and 110°C (d) 110.6°C 63. At a total pressure of one standard atm exerted by the vapours of water and to fraction of water x,, in the vapour phase satisfies (@) 0X, (6) X,=x, (0) X. 2 is carris Caps fed to the reactor at mode (no exit stream.) The reactant A at concent AF ‘ation2 Chemical 59 e of the reacti a volumetric flow rate of F. The ohm of the reacting mixture i V gn Se liquid mixture is constant es q A A (a) 20M FCap-C-KCRY GE =F Cary) -dedy 4 (Vy) () 20a _ (@) = Feuer y dt : : d order aqueous phase reaction A> B, the ratio rp _ | ee aos time required for 45% conversion is f the tine @2 (4 (©) 11 (a) 22 74, An isothermal aqueous phase reversible reaction P <2 R is to be carried oy, ing reactor. The reaction rate in kmol/(m® h) is given by r = 0.5Cp - 0.125Cp in, AA stream containing only P enters the reactor. The residence time required jn bo conversion of P is iJ (a) 0.80 (6) 1.33 (c) 1.60 (d) 2.67 75. A pollutant P degrades according to first order kinetics, An aqueous stream Containing kmoV/m® and volumetric flow rate 1 m°/h requires a mixed flow Teactor volume Vtabrigie the pollutant level to 0.5 kmol/m®, The inlet concentration of the pollutant is DOW double the volumetric flow rate is tripled. If the pollutant level is to be brought down to the samele of 0.5 kmol/m’, the volume of. the mixed flow reactor should be increased by a factor of (a)7 (0)6 (c) 3 1/3 ‘76. Consider a reversible exothermic reaction in a plug flow reactor. The maximum and minine Permissible temperature are Try, and Tia, respectively. Which of the following tames (7 profiles will require the shortest residence time to achieve the desired convenian? Trou Trax Tryax Tax a T r | Tay 1" Ta ‘ain’ Train iat a Length of reactor Length of reactor Length of reactor (a) a . . oi? 77, , : tic An irreversible aqueous Phase reaction A +B P is carried out in an adiabatt yi oo et tomperataneed containing 4 kimol/m? of exch A acd » enters the rea w? ure of t} i is temperature alloneg nt 68m is never to exceed 390 K, what is the 3 jo Data: Heat of reacti y : : 2 1000 k¢/ heat of reacting eae aaah eae Th rotate e above data can be assumed to be independent of composition and temP™Fe apd Their Solutions wt a (6) 290 an G ae rst order system given in Group | wit 90 593 ‘h the ay (d) 490 PPro] Grou E i Group He priate time constant in Group IL p Thermom 1 (mca thay i q Mixing 2Qqiv 3.Viq 4 (hA)/mc,) x ? ) PAs Q2 (b) P-4, Q-3 Pas experimental response of the controlled (d) P-1, Q.3 ® ariable x) for a step change of magnitude P Q ‘athe manipulated variable 2() is shown in pig. 12.14. x00 he appropriate transfer function of the t mossis gms : 0 qn @ QE ays @/msat Pres @ Qe P/QS i Slope=R © @R)S+1 uS+i a Consider a system with open loop transfer Pear function 1 GO) = Gy G+ Get Match the range of w (frequency) in Group I with the slope of the asymptote of the log AR (amplitude ratio) versus log @ plot in Group II. Group I Group II P0b (6) avoid recycle when a > . tise as reactor or plug flow reactor when a >b use CSTR with a high conversion when a > b ae evaporators are commonly used in the manufacture of R Sugar @ Superphosphate (a) PandQ S Fats (c) PandS a i. . Match th ; ) Ran Group |" up I with the product in Group II r P DCDA process Group I - 1 Sodium hydr 2 Sulfuric acid 3. Sodium carbonate (@) Pt, Qg 4 Nitric acid © P2.Q3 (b) P-1, Q-2 a (d) P-2,Q-1 - @ Mercury Cell4 Their Solutions in Group I with th i = 4 ft he product in Group I wit Taw materials in Group IT ; pi? group ! Group II pores ; a and carbon dioxide : palyester : imethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol : Ammonia and carbon monoxide ‘examethylene diamine and adipic acid A pic ac ped / (0) P-3, @ 2 (c) P-3, Q-4 (@) P-1, Q-2 oy the product in Group I with the nature of the reaction in Group I Cae Group I seaglene 1 Condensation polymerization aes 2 Addition polymerization lystyrene i z ett R2 ()P2,Q2,R1 (0) P1,Q2,R1 — (d) P-2, @1, R2 a ah the process in Group I with the catalyst used in Group Il wis grout ae > Sattremanufactare 1 Platinum q. Vegetable oil hydrogenation 2 Vanadium pentoxide 3° Tron 4» Raney nickel (a) P3,Q1 () P-2, Q-1 ete oe 1@ %2@ %@) 4@ I) 12% (a) 13. (6) 14. (d) (a) 2% (c) 23. (6) 24. (a) (a) 3% (6) 33. Ld) 4% (q) 43. (5) 44. (b) 1) 62 () 53. (6) 54 (c) (@) 62. (a) 63. (c) 64. (c) ™O) md) 78. () 7h Ce) "0 a @ Lg ga Lay f'()=6 *or maximum and minimum, f (x)= op ORO x=1 iy Maximum, f” ini f’ (x) <0 and for mi P(x) =6 > 0, the function f () imum f’ 2)? 9 has a minimum 6 (6) Za) 8 (6) %() 10 (a) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (a) 2. (c) 26. (c) 27 (c) 28. (6) 28. (0) 90. (a) 36. (d) 87. (d) 38. (c) 38. (b) 40. (a) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48 (c) 4% (8) 50. (a) 56. (a) 87 (a) 58. (d) 5% (d) 6. (a) 66. (b) 67. (c) 88. (c) 69. (d) 70. (d) (bo) 78: (d) 79 (e) 80. (a) 77. a 89. (d) 9. (c) 86. (6) 87. (d) 88 (d) atx=l.ena TT a paNoF+ 2? = 22 -1 ee stan) 1=1/4 =tan | (2/2) | : gereba2 em" 4. cd) The differential equation. Ey, sins Bry ef = sh dx a a second order because the order of highest derivatives two. Its near beg Use of y and its derivatives is 1. : : 5, (b) Mass balances for the complete distillation column : Total: 10000=D+W = W=10000-D Benzene : 10000 x 0.5 = 0.95D + 0.05W 95D + 0.05 x (10000 - D) Total mass balance around condenser : 8000 =Ly +D => 8000 = Ly + 5000 => Ly = 3000 kg/h Ly Refluse ratio = 22 = 3900 - 0.6 (since the average molecular weights of reflux mdée same) 6. (b) 7. (a) Equilibrium constant, K is a function of temperature only. Therefore, it is indepen! pressure, 8.(b) ie P30P 9. (6) Work done _ Heat transferred Final t eee emperat - 10. (a) ‘ure of gas =298K 11. (c) Equivalent diameter _—4xflow area _ 4x BH _ _2HB_ wetted perimeter 2B+2H H+8 quired to hold a spherical balloon stationary inw interface. The force balance provides : 4 = F +4 x (0.0 pipe 400-1" Paster" 12. (a) Let F be the force in N rei tet of H from the air-water i or, =4 3 ee F=3 (0.1) water ~ Pair) & sir '8 negligible in comparison to p waters 4 4 gee eb 13. (b) F= 3200.0 poatere=4 7 (0-1) 19 873 aTheir Solutions 7) 53nd F ¢ Yan 2 factor = ta. __ 15 es separation re ~ 01x 9g = 230 ' is )) tion decreases with ti, yo of filtrat ith time in sop conection, the Nusselt number ig tat P¥e8sure filtration , 4) Br ideal black body, ivity i . 6 “i or an ideal y, Prorntivity is eq 8 a function wen of Reynolds number and Prandtl number. or Z Cay, Car~ Cay) g (a) 3 100 x 10 ——————= 3 Cw = 5514 x00 = 40-1 mol/m Cp2- Cpr _ 40.1 (CB)im = Cay. In Cay 7 Cp = 40.1 mol/m? 0.74x10"* )/ 40.1 k=| —— —— -3 1x10 40.07 Jet400 m/s ne) Na =k (Cay - Caz) 3 : Fa (e0t10a ese 4 mol =74x 10 (a3 5300 -° } 2atx io UG) Humidity of air-water mixture at 60°C = Humidity of saturated air-water vapour mixture at 40°C (dew point) _(Ma)(_ PE |_(18 Ms | p,-PhY | (2 ry = 0.048 ky water vapour/kg dry air ; 1g) 8212.6 indicates that the wet bulb temperature lies between 40 and 60°C. 4 “Sine the temperature at the inlet of the adiabatic "8 flow reactor is maximum. The rate of reaction o ‘maximum at the inlet of the reactor. t - * steady state, Z “s hg (Cy-C,) =k C, 2 k, § 0.098} ----7 -_fe ; Rat k, 40 Ty * of reaction =hC,= ns Cy= hee ‘Temperature, °C — ’ Fig, 12.16. kh, =e beam ieke——_— Fa tong alin the residence time distribution cag | 26. (c) The presence © avides long residence time, of dead zon on © ‘| fd |=" 21.6 ; . 1 ro=s FO t i (2 )ee J feoat || |Is Jr 0 Gin din = Gout Your . 199 = 98 28 (b) Acetone recovery, % . Gin Yin Gin (1 - 0.08) = Gout (1 - Your) Gout __ 0.95 Gin 1-Yout Gin Yin = Gout Yout _ 9 98 For ‘in Yin Gout Yout o _ at Fout _ 0.98 in Yin .95_)| Yout |_ 0.98 or, 1 | 1-Yout I 0.05 } 1 Yout = 957, N+2=6log| 2% 6 oe 51 Yout N=8 29: (b) 30. (a) 31. (a) Let Ay and dg be the eigen values of the given matrix. Aytage341=4 82. (b) The given system of equations can be written 46 8 18 le | 9 ea 4 (A) =| 7 3 Augmented niatrix (C= (14) By) 468 (Cl=|7 8 9 a2 1 NOD 8 6 4 5 -5/t ae. i’ 4 6 8 ~|0 -5/2 -5|Ro-7/4Ri- 0 -5/2 -5|R,-3/4Ri Rank of [C] = 2 = Number of unknowns ution: ay tions are consistent and they have only one $0 ie el ‘vent that ball picked is red and let B, and Bz :, Rank of [A] = Hence the equa 33. (b) Let A be the e Dicked jc F..2 nd Their Solutions ee 2 P(B,) eas Le P(A/By = Therefore, by Bayes’ theorem, P(B\/A) = Probability that the red b; ll al -_ PB) PB, DPA, DF AB) +P Ey PAB Picked is from first box wl) -. The series converges for all z. dx x 8.0 @ ix. 6 ye Integrating factor _fr20 _ 0 e/a 10 eae=20« 106" +C x=200+00% t=0, x=0 c=-200 x = 200 - 200 e / = 200 (1- 100 = 200(1-«""™) t=201In2 min or, At Sw f ng y a dy d ( dy.0oe eee 38.(c) lim a8 = him 2 ae? 4x Z pga Ola = 330 kg 439, (b) Weight of equeous solution yn Weight of Naz SO 7 Na SO, . 10 Hy0 erystals separated = 80 kg Weight of remaining solution = 330 — 80 = 250 kg Let Nay SO, separated in erystals =x kg 180 Water separated in crystals = Tag the 180 | x+qyg*~ 80 or, x = 35.2795 kg Nay SO, in remaining solution = 80 — x= 80 — 35.2795 = 44.7205 kg Weight fraction of Naz SO, in remaining solution = 7208 soe 40. (a) Basis : 1 mol CHy Q, consumed = 2 mol eva) Ail lied = ——_ r supplied = 555 mol 79 Op 2 mol = 7.52 mol Np supplied = Product gases : CO, = 1 mol H,0 = 2 mol Np = 7.52 mol Total = 10.52 mol Mole fraction of water vapour = —2— = 41. (d) ee 7 Total energy released = 730 kJ = 730 x 10° J 10.52 x 40 x AT = 730 x 103 : ar = 730x108 4: 2. (a) Molal absolute humidi 10.52 x 40 idity of saturated air-water vapour mixture, pat P, - Pt or, = 1735°C Y,= aY,= ag na Their Solutions 2.34 Too — 2:34 = 0.024 Mol water vapour mol dry air n= Total mols of saturated air-water vapour mixt mixture = ~ 100 x 10° x 1000 "8.314 x 293 = 41050.9 mol BV a atthe saturated air-water vapour mixture contains ng mol of water vapour and 1 and ng mol air. of dry na +np =n = 41050.9 n “4 — 0.024 nB she solution of these equations gives nag = 962.1 mol = 0.9621 kmol Amount of water vapour in the vessel = 0.9621 x 18 kg = 1Tkg ‘ing to Duhem’s theorem, F=C-P+2-r-s =2-2+2-0-1=1 4.(b) Let Tz be the temperature in K when the pressure in the tyre is 330 kP,. For an ideal gas, ‘g.(b) Accord P, Vi _PoV2 To Ty 300 x 0.057 _ 330 x 0.057 300 T2 Tz = 330K Change in internal energy of air in the tyre =C, (T2-71)=21 (330 - 300) = 630 J/mol v, VY; vy av 1 ‘1 RT. . = V=RT) 7p sa we] piv=) d lv Vr Vee =rt[nv-H) RTD yp (0) The maximum work can be obtained from Carnot engine. For Carnot heat engine, Wotee 1000" 573 or, w= 200x 1000 _ 3495 ~ 573 4. (a Vapour pressure of water at 100°C = 1 atm 00 §tP= 100% = 373 K, In Ph =In 1=4~ "373. A = 5000. 13,4048 i 373 5000 __ 2.0761 T= 50°C = 393 K, In PPO! = 13.4048 - 393 Pet 9.13 atmWolo) (I) Ng+20,=2NOz AG*= 100 ks7mot < 35 kJ/mol & (II) 2NO, = 2NO +02 AG?=70 kJ/mol The addition of reactions (I) and (IID) gives (IV) Ng+02=2NO AG? = 170 kJ/mol () NO+}0,=NOz AG a) AN, +} 02=NO AG? = 85 kJ/mol 49. (b) Viscosity of water at 40°C = 0.656 x 10” * kg/ms 50. (a) Let A be the height of air in the left leg of the manometer. P4 + Pair Bh + pial - PHBH - PLL - Pair & (h - H) = Pp Pa-Pa=(0n- Pair) gH 51. (6) Let F be the force applied on the plate. The force balance provides (Patm + Px 8H) A - Potm A-F=0 a F=p, AHg 52. (c) ap=tfLh pV" __4fLp 9, p22 _(_3 2g,D ~2g,D'°/4?) = gate fe oae Let L be the length of each pipe segment AP=a(2L)Q} =>, 2 ap=aan(G) 8508 cal Qs Y_ ab 1/2 span en (Gj 228 a8 S| 1: Qe: Qo VENT a Q1: Qe: Qg21:2:2 53. (b) Pan’ ps e ni D5, =n} DS, Dax_(m > (my Par (m2) “| 12m Deals a 1.29% Par 2 5 2 54. (c) Ppp, = Pa-r) wp, (R+8°-F]_1 2 + MMe ene Meo eolust 55. (6) An increase in the column walls are stati tationary 56. 7 (a) The Kozeny-Carman equation is AP a. DBE Lupa-e? e superficial gas velocity results in no change in 4r98 =150nd Their Solutions 603 cule papers AP. 150 Lup (1-e)? ey? 1 1 ne DRE =} a eenall z (L/Dp) Be Or (ates Dy Re a) m,=Ni pp (adi) j Mass of particles smaller than size d=) N;p, (ad) i i T total mass of particles = DN; Pp (a a) T |, Cumulative mass fraction of particles smaller than size d j j LNipped) Na EN Pp ads) EN a Let the senaperature of tha right face at steady state be T*C. q=-12 7-89) - 10 (7-30) T= 48.7°C the ball at any time t be T°C. all yields the following equation 8. (d) or, 59. (d) Let the temperature of Energy balance for the bi O= 50x 4n 0.1)" (qT- so +4 [ fren" x 3000 x 0.4x10°T or, 0.8 x 10° fT 30=0 rT dT 1 or, dt \ m7 30-7 ahah - 30 t or,~In a (7 60 ): 0.8 x 10° For T=60°C, —- 60-30 )__+— Ch las0re ex te, ae 54.59 =0.15h (a) Let L = thick liquor rate, ke/min V=vapour rate, kg/min : Q=heat supplied to the ‘evaporator, kJ/min Salt balance : 300 x 0.2 =L x 0.3 = L = 200 kg/min Total mass balance : 300= +V =» 300 = 200 +V 10 +2100) (00 kg/min Energy balance : 300 x 4% 30 + @= 200% 4% 110 + 100 (4 = Q= 3.06 x 10° kJ/minCocurrent heat exchanger Fig. 12.17. x 4.18 x (80 ~'50) = 0.05 x 800 x 2 x (7 29) 3 Heat balance : 0.01 x 10° = T=35.7°C 80 - 29) - (50 - 35.7 EMTD = + ((80 - 20)/(50 - 35.7) 62. (a) Py = Prater + Proluene = 1 atm ‘This equation will be satisfied for a temperature less than 100°C. 63. (c) The boiling point of water is lower than the boiling point of toluene. Therefr, = 31.9 = 32°C at Pisater ster Pholuene psat | it ee Pieater + Protuene Since : 1 + — toluene pst water t ae at Pivater + Protuene sat Pivater it Pooluene or, %w> 1- ty or, 2x,>1 1-x,= >1 1 or, wr 05 Fig. 12.19. 70. When reboiler is not used and steam is fed directly to the bottom of the olan operating line of stripping section passes through (xy, 0). For a given ref ry overhead composition, the operating line of the enriching section remains unchange } addition of steam makes the bottom product more dilute in methanol. Na _Nao(-%) 71.() Cae ape Let Vp be the volume at reactor inlet. Therefore, volume at 1 m along the length fr due to change in temperature and due to conversion of reactants is Vo (1+€4X) T1/To 15 _ faa gg 70:33 Nao (1 - X) Na 0.33X) x 360 Vv 300 72. (d) The mass balance of A is : FCap=0+(—r4) ve 20Ea) Fear = ho} v4 Ca) d(VCq) Cr, | dt = FCap-kCAV oe, 73.0) tage won at = RCA aX, Cay 4 = AO ae = Cho (1 - X4)? n aX, t 0 (1-x,2 ~*Cao i at [Pel 1X | =ACaot 1 THX Ak aotir Solutions and Thei ‘A 1-X, ~*Caot pet Xa=Xar for t=) and X4 =x, Ba 1 Xaa th T-Xa1 Xaz te 2 for to. Then ty : ay qe For the reaction P = R, , ~rp=05 Cp~0.125 Cp a X, = fractional conversion of P Cp =Cpo (1- Xp) 7 TP =0.5 Cp (1 - Xp) - 0.125 Cpy Xp For mixed flow reactor, Cpo - ©, qo = Cp Xp 2 ee Crp) 0.5 Cp = Xp)- 0.15 Cp Xp xX; or, 1 P For Xp=040, + 0.4 %5.(a) Mass balance for P: FCpy =FCp + (- 1) V 1x2=1x05+kx05V or kV=3 0.5 (1 - 0.4) - 0.125 x 0.4 “05 0 - Xp) - 0.125 Xp =16h For Cpy = 4 kmol/m® and F = 3 m*/h, the required volume of reactor is V’. Then 8x4=3x05+kx05V' or, &Veil Ve _kV 2, Vea hVae 2. ™0 For exothermic reversible reactions two pposing factors are at work when the temperature is raised. The rate of forward Teaction speeds up but the maximum attainable conversion decreases. Because of this where the system is far from *quilibrium use a high temperaturé to ‘ake the advantage of high rate, where ‘auilibrium is approached and dominat’®, ower the temperature to shift the Suilibrium to a more favourable ae qs high starting temperature oe hig) eases with increase in conv “terial balance for A gives : ‘ FCao=FCa+ 7A) Y a ersion is oP# Fig. 12.21 For reversible exothermic Locus of maximum rates, best path ibrivm jon curve(ra) V=F (Cao - Ca) Heat of reaction, a =-50 x 10° kJ/kmol rovides : arene pF CpT+AH(-r4)V or, pF CpTr=pF CpT + AH F Cag -Ca) 1000 x 8 x2 Tp = 1000 x 8x 2x 390 - 50x 10°x8x(4—Cy) Fie: 1225, 50 x 10° x 8 x (4 - C4) T= 890 - 1000 x 8x2 Tr = 390 - 25 (4-Ca) For the maximum Ty, C4=0 Tp, max = 390 - 25 x 4 = 290°C i mu Cp 78. (d) For thermometer, time constant = hae For mixing, time constant = q 79. (c) Transfer function of the process, te Gp) = Kee y-QR Kp=Q/P - G = Fd ob bid PS) = QR) s+1 80. (a) log (AR) = log 1 1 : + lo; + log Worst Vaater * Ve50%1 For 0<@<0.2, log (AR) = log 1 + log 1 + log 1= 3 log 1=0 a slope = 0 ee i 1 Woe AR)=log 7a + lee ot he pear 0 1. _g tag 0-6" 100° For @>1 1 1 1 = log ++ log + + log = OB tog TG toes GS log slope = - 3 1 81. (c) Gals) _Qs+DNE G, (8) = 22) _ Gs +1) s+) _ ec (8) Gre) 2 vole 1 82. (c) The characteristic equation is ae. =r, Ten); \Beeenns Se 2g ys" \(ps+) (mst) or, Kc K, Kn (1+ 4s)e @* : nee reece anlar een 1+ eles + Dt etD\ nd Their Solutions 132 a al depreciation, Rs. million on =40~4 609 ee = R86 mili @ taxable income : ae : million . annual Ox ogo RS 9 million nual tax at hd e RE Be 25s saat, ‘noual Pro” i mare, 2.25=Rs. 12.75 million pate of return * 49 * 100 = 30% ‘ll t the start of first = On 0 NPV in million Rs at year woe =-40 a in million Rs. at the end of first year —_ 0. 25 ay NPV in (1+0.15° "(140.155 ma _(* )ca->, high Cy is desired for maximization of desired product R for gid) Since 7° =| Feo cee use of CSTR with high conversion results in a low Cy b. . refore this option is not correct. c