J.

agroland 21 (2): 62-68, August 2014 ISSN: 0854 - 641X

E-ISSN: 2407-7607

TECHNIQUE OF RAISING THE GROWTH

RICE PLANT AND RESULTS ( Oryza sativa L.)

Types of Farming Techniques of Plant Growth and Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Pure Elik Ningtias Ning 1)

1) Faculty of Agriculture, University Widyagama Malang. (0341) 492282, elik_uwg@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRACT

Rice plants ( Oryza sativa L.) as a staple food to meet the needs of carbohydrates. kinds of
paddy rice cultivation techniques will Affect the conditions of growing media and plant growth. Intensification of rice cultivation techniques with intensive
maintenance and the provision of nutrient needs of plants wear inorganic fertilizers. Aerobic rice intensification technique controlled by the organic-based
irrigation system returns organic matter through organic fertilizer given rice straw Able to improve the biological properties of the soil and increase of root
growth. The study was conducted to test various techniques of rice cultivation and intensification of rice intensification aerobic organic controlled based
on the growth and yield of rice plants. Research compiled by the Complete randomized block design with a single factor treatment. Kinds of treatment
consisted of B1: intensification of rice cultivation techniques, B2: Mechanical controlled aerobic cultivation of rice intensification of organic-based with 1
plant / planting hole and B3: Mechanical controlled aerobic cultivation of rice intensification of organic-based with 2 plants / planting hole. Each treatment
was repeated as many as 6replicates. Observation of the growth of plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers. The observation that crop yields
per hectare. The results Showed that rice cultivation technique had no effect on plant height and number of leaves of the rice plant. Rice cultivation
techniques Affect the number of tillers and paddy crops. B2 treatment resulted in the highest number of tillers at 7:33 fruit / plant and the highest crop
yields 9:06 tons / plant. Mechanical controlled aerobic cultivation of rice intensification of organic-based with 2 plants / planting hole. Each treatment was
repeated as many as 6replicates. Observation of the growth of plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers. The observation that crop yields per
hectare. The results Showed that rice cultivation technique had no effect on plant height and number of leaves of the rice plant. Rice cultivation
techniques Affect the number of tillers and paddy crops. B2 treatment resulted in the highest number of tillers at 7:33 fruit / plant and the highest crop
yields 9:06 tons / plant. Mechanical controlled aerobic cultivation of rice intensification of organic-based with 2 plants / planting hole. Each treatment was
repeated as many as 6replicates. Observation of the growth of plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers. The observation that crop yields per hectare. The results Sho

Key Words: Cultivation of IPAT - BO, Rice, techniques of rice cultivation.

PRELIMINARY In 2011 the amount of imported rice to meet food

Rice plants ( Oryza sativa, L.)
the main crops are utilized to meet the needs of
carbohydrates. Results of the rice crop is
processed into rice contain 77.4 g carbohydrates,
7.5 g protein, 1.90 g fat and 0.9 g of fiber. The
content of these nutrients are needed to meet the
energy needs of the body.
National paddy production in 2009 amounted
to 64.79889 million tonnes with an average production
4,99ton / ha. In 2011 production to 65,740,946 tons
with an average production 4,98ton / ha (Central
Bureau of Statistics, 2012). Decreased productivity
resulted in increased imports of paddy rice.
needs as much as 2 million tons.
Rice plants can grow well in soil structure is
light, well drained, and enough nutrients. Kinds of
paddy rice cultivation techniques will affect the
establishment of conditions of growing media.
Mechanical cultivation of rice intensification system
with intensive care and provision of plant nutrients
through fertilization able to provide all the needs of
plants in the optimal amount. The average
production of rice intensification of cropping
systems
5.5 tonnes / ha (Pramono, Basuki and Widarto, 2005).

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 Rice cultivation of rice intensification
system with a controlled aerobic organic based
(IPAT-BO) is different from the intensification of
cultivation techniques. Cultivation techniques of
rice intensification of organic-based controlled
aerobic rice cultivation is a technique where some
kebutuan fertilizer using organic fertilizers and
setting conditions that are not always stagnant
water during growth (Simarmata, 2008). Organic
fertilizers such as manure rice straw provides
benefits to soil fertility. Conditions were not always
stagnant water will provide a favorable environment
aerobic soil microorganisms, growth and
development of plant roots (Suardi, 2002).
Kinds of rice cultivation techniques are
different, each has advantages and disadvantages.
At the intensification of rice cultivation techniques
with inorganic fertilizer pengaplikasi impact on the
decline in soil fertility due to low returns organic
matter to the soil (Pramono, Basuki and Widarto,
2005). While the controlled aerobic rice intensification
are organic based fertilizer returns organic matter
through a given and biological properties of soil
improvement. Rice cultivation with controlled aerobic
rice intensification system based on an application of
organic production system that unites the utilization of
biological potential of the soil, crop management,
fertilization and water management in an integrated
manner that act to support growth and roots of rice
plants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted in land
Tunggulwulung village paddy fields, Malang. With ±
600 altitude above sea level. Research began in
May 2012 until November 2012. Materials used
include seed IR-64 rice varieties, rice straw organic
fertilizer, urea, KCldan SP36, Furadan 3G.
The study is based on the design of RAL with a
single factor. Kinds of treatments, namely B1: intensification
of rice cultivation techniques,
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B2: The cultivation technique of aerobic rice
intensification controlled organic based with 1 plant /
planting hole, B3: The cultivation technique of
aerobic rice intensification controlled organic based
with 2 plants / hole. The number of replicates of each
treatment that six replications.
Decomposition of rice straw is prepared for
treatment B2 and B3. Rice straw composting is done
directly in the paddy field. Materials were given straw
bio-activator diluted solution (10 ml / liter of water) until
moist. Furthermore, the material covered plastic /
tarpaulin and to keep the temperature rise does not do
a reversal. After 7 days of rice straw manure is ready
to be applied.
Rice nursery done by spreading seeds
have ripened for 24 hours in nursery plots to
accelerate the growth of the seed. Maintenance of
seed is done by adjusting the water conditions in
the breeding area.
The first soil cultivation to turn the soil with
piracy. B2 and B3 in treatment is accompanied with
the application of rice straw compost at a dose of
500 kg / 1000 m 2 then left for 3 weeks. The second
ground processing is done to smooth the soil.
Manufacture basins and irrigation channels
according to treatment. On B1 treatment made
irrigation channels around the plot, while the B2 and
B3 treatment made plots and irrigation channels in
the wetland. The size of plots and irrigation
channels, each measuring 240 cm wide for paddy
fields and irrigation ditches with a width of 60 cm, a
depth of 30 cm, while the length of plots of 10 m.
Penggaritan made to make rice cultivation
patterns. Planting using a spacing of 30 x 30 cm.
The number of plants in each treatment, namely
B1: 5 plants / planting hole, B2: 1 plant / planting
hole and B3: 2 plants / hole. Water regulation on
B1 treatment at planting to 3 hst irrigation with
macak-macak condition, age 4-10 hst inundated
with water height 5 cm, age 11 hst- ahead of
flowering water level is maintained 5 cm
and allowed to dry (5 days) was then watered
again and allowed to dry, dried experimental plot
10 days before harvest.
Water regulation on B2 and B3 treatment in
anaerobic condition. Regulation of water during the
vegetative growth after planting until 10 days after
planting, the plants do not always flooded. The
supply of water is done after the ground appears
cracked (width of about 1 cm) and plants are still
fresh, flooding as high as 1-2 cm about 2 hours later
retained water humid conditions until macak-macak
until the milk ripe stage. Towards stopped
harvesting irrigation land is left to dry naturally.
Maintenance covering plants
weeding, irrigation system repairs and control of
pests and diseases is done on a regular basis.
Weeding is done at 30, 55 and 75 days after
planting mechanically. The repair of irrigation
canals held 3 times during the planting season in
all experimental plots. Pest and disease control
activities at the experimental plot carried out by
spraying pesticides Indodan a dose of 10 ml / 14
liter water tank at age 35 hst and 70 hst.
Fertilization with inorganic fertilizers in environmental conditions for the growth of rice
accordance with the treatment. At the age of 2 mst
fertilizing at each treatment is B1 urea 70 kg / ha, SP farming systems in rice plants that soils as a plant
36 150 kg / ha, KCl 100 kg / ha, and B2 and B3 urea
35 kg / ha, SP 36 75 kg / ha, KCl 50 kg /Ha. At the age
of 7 and 9 mst mst B1 urea fertilization at 70 kg / ha,
B2 and B3 treatment of urea 35 kg / ha.
Fertilization with inorganic fertilizers in needs, it can be done by applying rice cultivation
accordance with the treatment. At the age of 2 mst
fertilizing at each treatment yaituB1 urea 70 kg / ha, with fertilization.
SP 36 150 kg / ha, KCl 100 kg / ha, and B2 and B3
urea 35 kg / ha, SP 36 75 kg / ha, KCl 50 kg / Ha. On
Table 1. Average High Rice in Different Age Observations (cm)
Treatment
10 20
B1 17:37 27.47
B2 16.68 27.23
B3 16.90 27.65
BNT (α = 0,05) - -
ages 7 and 9 mst mst B1 urea fertilization at 70 kg /
ha, B2 and B3 treatment of urea 35 kg / ha. Harvesting
is done when the grain has been solid and yellow as
well as rice leaf yellowing 90%.
Observations vegetative phase height,
number of leaves and number of tillers. Yields are
calculated HSIL after threshing grain at harvest.
Data analysis was done using analysis of
variance test (ANOVA) with a single factor
completely randomized design. If the treatment
shows the real effect then tested further treatment
mean using the Test of significant difference (LSD)
5%.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Growth. Results of analysis of variance
observations of plant growth shows no real effect
on some age observations. Observations of plant
height growth are presented in Table 1.
Treatment on the technical implementation
of rice cultivation has an impact on the
plants. Environmental conditions are affected by
growing medium that serves to provide water and
nutrients needed by plants. Naturally the need for
water and nutrients from the soil is already
available, but do not fully meet the needs of plants.
Efforts to provide adequate water and nutrient
techniques and added nutrients from the outside
Age Plants (HST)
30 40 50 60
32.33 40.37 60.80 76.83
32.50 44.78 62.32 78.68
32.40 40.18 62.05 78.02
- - - -
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Table 2. Average Number of Leaves of Rice at Different Age Observations (fruit / plant)
Treatment
10 20
B1 4:50 8:33
B2 4:50 8:50
B3 4.67 8:17
BNT (α = 0,05) - -
Systems of different rice cultivation would
create conditions for plants of different
environments. The observation of the effect of
treatment showed no real effect on plant height at
various ages observations. In the treatment of B1,
B2 and B3 generating plant height increased with
increasing age of the plant, which shows the
mutual influence between treatments were not
significantly different. Effect of treatment that is not
the real arriving on plant height during growth is
assumed that with the application of different
cultivation techniques provide a similar impact on
the environmental conditions of the plant, in this
case providing the necessary factors for the
elongation of plant cells in the form of plant height.
Environmental factors that influence the formation
of plant height, covering the needs of water,
nutrients and light for plant metabolism. Described
by Premono and Widayati (2000), the addition of
plant nutrients can be done with fertilization. Proper
fertilization can improve plant growth (Anonymous,
2008). Mentioned by Simarmata (2008), to get a
good crop growth then the main requirement is a
plant must obtain sufficient nutrients for growth.
Judge et al., ( 1986), explains that plant growth is
determined by the amount of nutrients available in
minimum quantities.
Observations growth in the number of leaves
of rice plants are presented in Table 2. The number of
leaves of rice plants in treatment plants B2 High
generate higher than in the B1 and B2 treatment but
are not significantly different between treatments.
65
Age Plants (HST)
30 40 50 60
13:17 16.67 17.66 18:17
13:33 17:33 18:33 18.67
13:50 16:33 17:33 17.67
- - - -
In the treatment of B1, B2 and B3 resulted
in the number of leaves of rice plants increased with
increasing age of the plant. The number of leaves of
rice plants showed no significant difference between
each treatment. The number of leaves formed at the
beginning of growth until the age of 60 hst
suspected in the early growth period with the
application of rice cultivation techniques and the
different fertilizer had no effect,
because in the past
initial growth until the age of 60 days after planting
rice plants are able to live in a good environment
and conditions of rice plants able to utilize water
and nutrients from the environment is optimal for
the formation of the number of leaves with the
application of proper techniques of rice cultivation.
Goldsworthydan described by Fisher (1996) The
growth of plants one of which is determined by the
adequacy of nutrients available in the soil.
Fertilizers applied in rice plants can be either
organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers
(Simarmata, 2008). Excess inorganic fertilizers is
higher haranya element content and quickly
available to plants, whereas organic fertilizers have
advantages over inorganic fertilizer because it can
improve soil properties (Syarif, 1989).
Strengthened research and Simarmata Turmuktini
(2011),
In the development of the plant is 10 to 60
days after planting, giving treatment showed no
significant effect on plant length and number of leaves
of rice plants. Treatment B1 cropping systems
intensification with inorganic fertilizer, B2 and B3 HST or age 60 HST. The number of tillers of rice
treatment using cropping system of rice produced at the age of 60 HST on the treatment B1,
intensification aerobic organic based fertilizer with B2 and B3 respectively
organic and inorganic allegedly able to provide 5.83, 7.33 and the 5.67 fruit. The amount of rice
nutrients and water requirements and optimal produced chicks B1 and B3 treatment was
environmental conditions in accordance with the significantly different from B2 treatment. Treatment
needs of rice plants. Fertilizer on crops in the form B2 produce the highest amount of paddy saplings is
of inorganic fertilizer (B1) or a combination of 6:17 fruit at the age of 40 HST and 7:33 fruit at the
organic fertilizer waste rice straw and inorganic (B2 age of 60 HST (Table 3). Treatment B2 with rice
and B3) provided able to provide additional cultivation technique system of rice intensification
nutrients in the soil and improve soil properties, so aerobic organic based with 2 plants / hole
that the growth of rice plants in the formation of
long-crops become more well. Faesal (2011), the planting amount
application of the system of rice cultivation the right
plants was 7:33 plant is able to produce the
effect on plant growth. Described by Premono and number of seedlings was higher than treatment B1
Widayati (2000), the addition of plant nutrients canand B3, it is presumably because the treatment B2
be done with fertilization. by the number of plants grown at planting time less
that 2 plants / planting hole will get a room or a
place of growth greater than the B1 and B3
treatment msing one with the number 5 plants /
planting hole, so that the greater the potential for
environmental resources that support plant growth
plant (Goldsworthydan and lower levels of competition can stimulate
Fisher, 1996). Mentioned by Faesal (2011), to get a tillering of rice plants. Described by Zaini et al. ( 2004),
good crop growth then the main requirement is a that environmental factors that influence the
plant must obtain sufficient nutrients for growth. formation of the rice tiller number includes the
Bern, (1991), explains that plant growth is adequacy of water supply, nutrients and light for
determined by the amount of nutrients available in the plants.
minimum quantities.

Results of analysis of variance observation

number of seedlings showed no real influence on the
age of 20, 30 and 50 days after planting. Effect of
treatment at the age of 40 and 60 dap shows the real
effect.
Treatment B2 produce the highest number of
rice seedlings and significantly different from the
number of tillers dihasikan by B1 and B3 good treatment
at the age of 40, 50
Yields. Treatment real effect on rice yields.
Observations rice yields in Table 4 shows the
treatment B1 and B2 provide rice yield significantly
different from B3 treatment. B3 treatment to give
effect to the highest rice yield.

Table 3. Average Number of Tillers of Rice in Different Age Observations (fruit / plant)

Treatment Umu r Plants (hs t)

20 30 40 50 60
B1 1:17 3.67 4:30 a 5:31 5.83 a
B2 1.67 4:33 6:17 b 6.83 7:33 b
B3 1:00 3:50 4:30 a 5:33 5.67 a
BNT (α = 0,05) - - 0.68 - 0.68
Note: Figures in a column followed by the same letter are not different shows
Real on LSD test (α = 0,05).

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 the current Rice Harvest (tons / ha)
Treatment rice yield
B1 8:03 a
B2 9:06 b
B3 8:12 a
BNT (α = 0,05) 0:35
Note: Figures On One Column Followed By
Letter Shows Same Different Not Real On LSD test (α
= 0,05)
The results of treatment resulting rice
plants were significantly different B1 and B3 to B2
treatment. Treatment B2 produce the highest
paddy 9:06 tons / ha. High yield rice plants in
treatment B2 allegedly due on those treatments
that use the systems engineering rice cultivation
intensification of aerobic controlled organic based
with the number of plants was 2 plant is able to
produce a number of seedlings was higher than
treatment B1 and B3, as it gets a room or a place
of growth wider compared to the treatment B1 and
B3, thus greater potential for environmental
resources that support plant growth and the level of
competition more
low to stimulate tillering of rice plants more further
more grain is produced. These results are
consistent with research conducted by Abdul
Rachman (2007), that the more the number of
chicks produced by rice plants can multiply the
number of grains of rice produced. Described by
Zaini et al. ( 2004) that environmental factors that
influence the formation of the rice tiller number
includes the adequacy of water supply, nutrients
and light for plants that in turn affects the amount of
grain produced by the plant.
CONCLUSION
Rice cultivation techniques have no effect
on plant height and number of leaves of rice plants.
Rice cultivation techniques affect the
number of tillers and rice yields.
Treatment B2 produce the highest number
of tillers at 7:33 fruit / plant and yield of crops 9:06
tons / plant.

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