Proceedings of Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE 2014)
aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjr nkhop tof;fpy; khpahij tbtq;fSk;
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fSk; - rKjha nkhopapay; Ma;T
*S.Sivamoorthy and S.Srisatkunarajah
Department of Linguistics and English, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka
*s.sivamoorthy18@ gmail.com
Ma;Tr;RUf;fk;;
nkhop rKjhaj; i jg; gpujpgypf; F k; fz; z hb
vd;fpdw ; dh; nkhopapay; mwpQh;fs;. xU rKjhaj;jpd;
mj;jid mk;rq;fisAk; nkhop vd;w Clfj;jpD}
Nl ehk; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. ,t; Ma;Tf;fl;LiuAk;
aho;gg; hzg; gpuNjr nkhop tof;fpy; khpahij tbtq;
fisAk; (Polite forms) khpahij mw;w tbtq;fisAk;
(Non-Polite forms) Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Ltjhf mikfpdw ; J.
,uz; l hk; nkhop Ntw; W nkhopahf jkpiof;
fw; f pd; w xUtUf; F aho; g ; g hzg; g puNjr nkhop
tof;fpy; khpahij tbtq;fisAk; khpahijaw;w
tbtq; f isAk; gad; g Lj; J k; #oiy mwpaj;
jUtjhfTk;> aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjrj;jpd; rpwg;ghd
gz;ghl;L nkhopf;$Wfspd; El;gkhd mk;rq;fis
ntspfn; fhzh;tJk; ,t; Ma;Tf;fl;Liuapd; gpujhd
Nehf;fq;fshFk;. Ma;Tf;Fhpa gpuNjrkhf aho;gg; hzg;
gpuNjrk; nfhs;sg;gLfpdw ; J. ,t; Ma;Tj; jiyg;ghdJ
tpguzKiwapay; (Descriptive Methodology) Ma;thf
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. khpahij cs;s> khpahij mw;w
tbtq; f is r%fr; nry; t hf; f pd; mbg; g ilapy;
,f;fl;Liu ghh;f;fpd;wJ. %tplg; ngah;fs; (Personal
Pronouns) r%f me;j];J (Social status) nrhy;yhf;f
xl;Lf;fs; (Derivational affixes) Nghd;w tplaq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L khpahij tbtq;fisAk;
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fisAk; NtWgLj;jpg; ghh;f;f
Kbfpdw ; J. aho;gg; hzg; gpuNjrj;jpy; khpahij cs;s
tbtq;fs;> khpahij mw;w tbtq;fspd; gad;ghL
njhlh;ghd kuG hPjpahd tiuaiwfs; fhzg;gl;lhYk;
njhlh;ghlypd;NghJ re;jh;g;g #o;epiyf;F Vw;g rpy
khw;wq;fisg; ngw;Wk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
jpwTr; nrhw;fs; – gz;ghl;L nkhopf; $Wfs;> khpahij
tbtq;fs;> khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs;;
University of Jaffna
Track: Humanities and Fine Arts
1. mwpKfk;;
nkhopAk; gz;ghLk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W neUf;fkhd
cwtpidf; nfhz;Ls;sd. nkhopahdJ gz;ghl;bd;
tha;nkhopahff; $wyhk;. nkhop Fwpgg; pll; r%fj;jpd;
gz; g hl; L f; $ Wfspd; gpizg; g pidg; ghJfhj; J
ntspgg; Lj;Jfpdw ; Clfkhfj; jpfo;fpdw
; J. nkhopAk;
rKjhaKk; ,uz;lwf;fye;jit. nkhopapd; tsh;rr; pfF ;
rKjhaKk; rKjha tsh;r;rpf;F nkhopg;gad;ghLk;
Kf; f pakhditahFk; . nkhopg; gad; g hL vd; g J
jd;dpr;irahd xd;wy;y mJ rKjha mikg;ghYk;
Vida fhuzpfshYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;;gLtJ. ,jid
rKjha nkhopapay; tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. ,t;Ma;Tf;
Fhpa fsjuTfs; aho;gg; hzg; Ngr;Rj; jkpopid mbg;g
ilahff;nfhz;L mikfpd;wd.
nlrhPt; (Deseriev) vd;w mwpQu; nkhop xU rKjhaj;
jpd; md;whl ,af;fj;jpwf; hd (Day – to –day interaction)
mbg;gilr; nra;jpg; ghpkhw;w ,ae;jpuk; NkYk; xU
rKjhaj;jpw;Fs;NsAk; gy rKjhaq;fSf;F ,il
NaAk; rpwg;ghd Njitahd njhlh;Gfis xU Nru
epiyehl; L tjpYk; nkhopjpwd; kpf; f xU fUtp
ahf ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ. rKjhaj; njhlh;G> gof;f
tof;fk; Nghd;wd nkhopapd; thapyhfNt ed;F
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy;jhd; nkhopia
rKjhaj;jpd; ,ay;ghd epiyia #oiy gpd;d
zpiag; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lk; fz;zhb vd;W Fwpgg; pL
fpd;whh;. [1]
aho; g ; g hzj; jkpo; r ; rKjhaj; j py; khpahij
nfhLf; F k; gz; G kpFe; J fhzg; g LfpwJ. Muk; g
fhyq;fspy; ,Ue;J ,d;W tiu nghpath;fs;> fy;tp
khd;fisf; fz;lhy; rpwpath;fs; khpahij toq;F
tJ kughff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa czh;r;rp
nraypy; kl;Lkd;wp nkhopapYk; rpy nrhw;fspd;
%yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jtifapy; xU
rKjhaj; j pd; gz; g hl; L f; $ Wfisj; jdpj; j dpr;
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Proceedings of Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE 2014) Track: Humanities and Fine Arts

nrhw;fspdhYk; ,yf;fz mikg;Gf;fspdhYk; ed;F tbtq;fspid

mwpa Kbfpdw; J. nghJthf cyf nkhopfspy; rKjha
a %tplg; n gah; f is mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; l
NtWghl;ilg; gpujpgypf;Fk; nrhw;fis milahsk;
tbtq;fs;
fhzyhk;.
b rKjhaj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs;
khpahij (Polite) vd;gJ nghJthf taJ> r%f c xl;Lf;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs;
me;j];J> gjtp> fy;tp> nry;thf;F Kjypatw;wpd;
vd;w gpujhd tifg;ghl;bd; fPo; Nehf;f Kbfpdw
; J.
mbg;gilapy; xUtUf;Ff; fhl;Lk;; my;yJ Vw;gl;bUf;Fk;
aho;g;ghzj; jkpopy; %tplg;ngah;fspid (Personal
kjpgg; pd; (Respect) milahsj;ij gpujpgypgg; itahf
Pronouns) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l khpahij tbtq;fs;>
mikfpd; w J. kdpjd; rKjhakhf thOk; N ghJ
mr;rKjha tho;f;ifapy; rpy Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; Vw;gL jd;ik ,lg;ngah;fs; (First Person Pronouns)
fpd;wd. rhjp> rkak;> fy;tp> nghUshjhuepiy> r%f
me;j];J> nry;thf;F> taJ> eil cil Nghd;witNa Kd;dpiy ,lg;ngah;fs; (Second Person Pronouns)
,t; Vw;wj; jho;Tfl;Ff; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. glh;f;if ,lg;ngah;fs; (Third Person Pronouns)
,e;j Vw;wj; jho;Tfs; rKjhaj;jpy; cah;e;jth;fs;> vd;w mbg;gilapy; ghh;f;f Kbfpd;wJ.
jho;e;jtu;fs; vd;w ghFghl;il ntspg;gLj;JtJld;
nkhopapYk; xU NtWghl;il czh;j;j Ntz;ba rKjhaj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l khpah
epiyia cUthf;FfpwJ. khpahij tbtq;fs; (Polite ij tbtq;fs; cwTg; ngah;fspy; (Kinship terms)
forms) , khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs; ( Non -Polite forms) fhzg;gLk; khpahij tbtq;fs;> guk;giug; ngah;fis
r%fj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ rpy kuGj;jd;ikfs; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs;> gjtpg; ngah;f
,d;Dk; ,Ue;Nj tUfpdw; d. kugpdpdW ; k; kPWk;NghJ spid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs;> rhjp (Caste)
jhd; rpyh; my;yy;gLk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. gz;G (Character)> taJ (Age)> nghUshjhu me;j];J
Muk;gfhyq;fspy; rhjp> nghUshjhu epiyfSk;> (Economical status)> nrhj;J (Property) Nghd;wtw;iw
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fisj; jPhk ; hdpjj; fhuzpfshf mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l khpahij tbtq;fs; vd
mike;jd. Mdhy; ,d;W fy;tp vd;fpd;w me;j];J gy;NtW Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;ff; Kbfpdw ; J. xl;Lf;fspid
,tw;iwg; nghJikg;gLj;jp tpl;ld vdyhk;. (Affixes) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lk; aho;gg; hzj; jkpopy;
rpy khpahij tbtq;fspid mtjhdpff; Kbfpdw ; J.
aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjr nkhoptof;fpid mbg;g
ilahff; nfhz; L khpahij tbtq; f isAk; , aho;g;ghzj; jkpopy; %tplg; ngah;fs; r%f NtW
khpahij mw; w tbtq; f isAk; tifg; g Lj; J k; ghl;ilg; gpujpgypf;Fk; Kf;fpa $whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
NghJ gpujhdkhf %d;W tifg;ghl;bw;Fs; Nehf;f mtw; iwg; gad; gLj; J tjpy; kuGj; j d; ik ,d; W
Kbfpd;wJ. tiuAk; ,Ue;Nj tUfpd;wJ. jd;ik Kd;dpiy
glu; f ; i f ,lg; n gah; f isg; gad; g Lj; J k; #oypy;
a %tplg;ngah;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tb khpahij tbtq;fspidAk;> khpahij mw;w tbtq;
tq;fs; fspidAk; njspthf milahsk; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.

b rKjhaj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs; jd; i k Kd; d piy glh; f ; i f ,lg; n gah; f spd;
c xl;Lf;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs; khpahij tbtq;fs;
,lg;ngah;fs; tbtq;fs;
2. aho;gg
; hzg; gpuNjr nkhop tof;fpy; khpahij jd;ik
tbtq;fs;
xUik ehd; [na:n]
aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjrnkhop tof;fpy; khpahij
tbtq;fs; vd;gJ gpuNjr gz;ghl;L nkhopf;$wpid gd;ik ehk; [na:m] ehq;fs;[na: ŋgaļ]
ntspg;gLj;Jk; rpd;dkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. khpahij

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Proceedings of Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE 2014) Track: Humanities and Fine Arts

Kd;dpiy fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. mit Mz; g hy; > ngz; g hy;

xUik ePh; [ni:r] ,uz; b w; F k; nghJthfg; gad; g Lj; J k; khpahij
gd;ik ePq;fs; [ni:ŋgaļ] tbtq;fshff; fhzg;gLfpdw ; d. glh;fi
; f ,lg;ngah;
ngz;ghy; xUik khpahij tbtkhf mth [ava:],
glh;f;if
,th [iva:], cth [uva:] vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpdw ; d.
xUik glh; f ; i f ,lg; n gah; gd; i k tbtq; f shf mit
mth; [avεr] [avay], ,it [ivay], cit [uvay] Nghd;wd
,th; [ivεr] tpsq;Ffpdw ; d. ,t;tbtq;fs; Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;>
cth; [uvεr] Mfpa ,UghYf;Fk; chpa khpahij tbtkhfTk;
taJ NtWghL ,d;wp Ngr;Rr;#oypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
gd;ik
tbt-khfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mit [avay]
,it [ivay] rKjhaj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L aho;g;
ghz nkhop tof;fpy; cs;s khpahij tbtq;fspid
cit [uvay]
MuhAk; NghJ cwTg; ngah;fspd; (Kinship terms)
mth;fs; [avεrxaļ] mbg;gilapy;>
,th;fs; [ivεrxaļ]
mk;kh [amma:]
cth;fs; [uvεrxaļ]
uhrh [ta:sa:]
,t; ,lg;ngah;fs; nghJthf taJ> fy;tp> nghUsh
jhuk;> nry;thf;F> eil cil ghtid> r%f me;j Iah [εyya:]
];J vd;gtw;wpw;Nfw;g gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Kd; nghpath; [petiyavεr]
dpiy xUik ,lg;ngah; (Second Person Singular rpwpath; [siRiyavεr]
Pronoun) ePh; [ni:r] vd;gJ NgRNthid tpl taJ rpd;dth; [sinnavεr]
Fiwe;jth;fSf;F mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jk; tbtkhff;
Nghd;wd khpahij tof;fhff; fhzg;gLfpdw ; d.
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tajpy; $ba xUtiug; ghh;j;J
vdpDk; Ngr;Rr; #o;epiyf;F Vw;g rpy cwTg; ngah;fs;
‘eP h ; ” vd; W $WtJ jkpo; kugpw; F KuzhdJ.
khpahij tbtq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
‘ePqf; s;’ [ni:ŋgaļ] vd;w tbtkhdJ aho;gg; hzg;Ngr;R
tof; f py; xUik gd; i kiar; Rl; L k; khpahij rKjhaj;jpy; xUtUila gjtpia mbg;gilahff;
tbtkhfTk; tajpy; %j; j th; f is tpspf; F k; nfhz; L Nehf; F k; N ghJ mg; g jtpg; ngah; f spid
,lg;ngauhfTk; fhzg;gL-fpwJ. mj;Jld; FLk;gj;jpy; jdpegiur; Rl;Ltjw;fhd khpahij tbtkhfg; gad;
fztd; > kidtp> rNfhjuh; f s; > cwtpdh; f is gLj;Jtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
miof;Fk;NghJk;>Ntiyj;jsq;fspYk; ePh;> ePq;fs;
thj;jpahh; [va:ṯ ṯiyε:r]
vd;w khpahij tbtj;ijg; gpuNahfpg;gijf; fhz
yhk;. ePh; [ni:r] vd;gJ tajpy; Fiwe;jth;fs;> $ba tpjhidahh; [viða:nεyε:r]
th; f s; vy; N yhUf; F k; gad; g Lj; J k; ; tbtkhff; Nrtah; [sә:vayεr]
fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. khpahij tbtq; f spy; mth; fpshf;fh; [kiļa:kkεr]
[avεr], ,th; [ivεr], cth; [uvεr], mth;fs; [avεrxaļ], nghyp]hh; [polišε:r]
,th; f s; [ivεrxaļ], cth; f s; [uvεrxaļ] vd; g d
ghpahhpahh; [pεtiya:tiyε:r]
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mth; [avεr], ,th; [ivεr], cth;
[uvεr] Nghd;w tbtq;fs; Mz;ghiyr; (Masculine)
gpuf;fpuhrpah; [pitakkita:siyεr]
Rl; L k; xUik khpahij tbtq; f shff; fhzg; rf;flj;jhh; [sakkaTaṯṯε:r]
gLfpd;wd. taJ NtWghL ,d;wp Mz;ghYf;Fg; vrkhd; [esama:n]
gad;gLj;Jk; tbtkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mth;fs; nghyp]; jk;gp Iah [poliš tambi εyya:]
vεrxaļ], ,th;fs; [ivεrxaļ], cth;fs; [uvεrxaļ] Nrtah; rptQhdk; [sә:vayεr sivaña:nam]
vd;w tbtq;fs; khpahijg; gd;ik tbtq;fshff;
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Proceedings of Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE 2014) Track: Humanities and Fine Arts

Nghd;wd xU rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;LfshFk;. rf;flj;jhh; rKjhaj;jpy; Mz; r%fj;jpw;F mjpf kjpg;G toq;Fk;
vd;gJ aho;g;ghz nkhop tof;fpy; efuhl;rpf; fofk; gz;ghl;il ,k; kugpD}lhf mwpa KbfpwJ.
kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w nrayhsh;fis miof;Fk;NghJ
aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjr fyhrhuj;jpy; nrhj;J vd;gJ
gad;gLj;jpdh;. gjtpg; ngah;fspidg; nghWj;jtiu
r%f me; j ];j py; Kf; f pa,lk; tfpf; F k; xd; whff;
khpahij cila tbtq;fs; gpwnkhopf; fld; nrhw;
fhzg;gLfpdw; J. xUtUila khpahijia r%fj;jpy;
fspid mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; l tbtq; f shff;
eph; z apf; F k; mk; r khfTk; tpsq; f p tUfpd; w J.
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; fy;tp mwptpd; epiyiag;
nrhj;Jf;fspy; fhzp> nghUshjhu epiyapy; trjp
nghWj;J gz;bjh; [paṇḍiðεr], Gyth; [pulavεr]
gilj;jth;fis khpahij tof;Ffisg; gad;gLj;jp
Nghd;w khpahij tbtq;fspidAk; aho;g;ghzg;
tpopff; pdw; epiyia ,d;Dk; fhzyhk;. ‘cilahh;’
Ngr;Rj; jkpopy; gad;gLj;Jtjidf; fhzyhk;.
vd;gJ aho;g;ghzg; Ngr;R tof;fpy; mjpfkhd epyr;
aho;g;ghz rKjhaj;jpy; Fwpj;j guk;giug; ngah; nrhj;Jf;fs; ,Ug;gth;fis khpahijahf miof;Fk;
fspid toq; F fpd; w NghJk; khpahij cila tbtkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mth;fsJ epyq;fisf;
tbtq;fspidg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. “Kjypahh;”> Fwpgg; pLk;; NghJ ‘cilahh; tsT’> ‘kzpafhuh; tsT’
“Njth;”> “nrl;bahh;” Nghd;wd. ghFNjt Kjypahh; vdf; Fwpg;gpLth;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah;
guk;giu> uh[FyNjth; guk;giu> fe;jg;gr; nrl;bahh; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l ‘cilahh;’ vd;w nrhy;
guk;giu vd toq;fp tUtijf; fhzyhk;. gpuNj gpd;dh; gphpj;jhdpah; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ‘tpjhidahh;’
rj;jpwF; g; gpuNjrk; ,g;ngah;fs; gy;NtW tifg;gl;ljhf vd khw;wkile;jJ. aho;g;ghz nkhop tof;fpy;
mike;J fhzg;gLk; kuigAk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ‘tpjhidahh; tsT’ vd;gJ ,d;Wk; tof;fpy; cs;
Kjypahh; nrl;bahh;> Nghd;w khpahij tof;Ffs; sijf; fhzyhk;.
nghUshjhu me; j ]; J epiyapy; cah; e ; j mjpf
gpwg; l;l fhyq;fspy; tpjhidahh;> cilahh;> kzpa
nrhj;Jf;fis cilath;fSf;F gad;gLj;Jk; tbtq;
fhuh; Mfpa khpahij tbtq;fSf;F Nky;epiyapy;
fshFk;.
,Ug; g th; f is ‘Kjypahh; ’ vd mioj; j dh; . ,J
,aw;ngah;fs; rKjhag; gbepiyapy; xUtiuf; Fwpj;j guk;giuia Rl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Fwpg; g jw; f hd Fwpfhl; b ahfj; jpfo; f pd; w J. ,aw; ‘nrl;bahh;’ vd;w khpahij tof;fhdJ aho;g;ghzg;
ngah;fspy; khpahij tof;F aho;g;ghzj;; jkpiog; Ngr;R tof;fpy; mjpfk; gztrjp cilath;fSf;F
nghWj;jtiu xl;Lf;fspd; %yNk mjpfk; milah gad;gLj;jg;gLk; khpahij tbtkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
sg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. [ - εr ], [ -ε:r ], [ - avε /- avay] Nghd;wd
‘mitas; gzf;fhur; nrl;bas;’
xU rpythFk;.
vd;W Ngr;R tof;fpy; rhjhuzkhfg; gad; gLj;J
nghd;dk;gyj;jhh; FLk;gk;
tjidf; fhzyhk;. mj;Jld; ,k;khpahij tbtk;
[ponnambalaṯṯε:r kuTumbam] [ -ε:r ]
Fwpgg; pll; r%fj;jpd; my;yJ FLk;gj;jpd; guk;giuiar;
Njtuit [ṯ ә:vεr avε] [ - avε ]
Rl;Lk; tbtkhfTk; ,d;Wtiu tof;fpy; ,Ue;J
rpjk;guehjh; [siðambatana:ðεr ] [ - εr ]
tUfpwJ.
aho;gg; hz nkhop tof;fpy; ,aw;ngah;fis mLj;J
mjpfk; [- avε ]vd;w xl;L Mz;>ngz;ghy; ,uz;bw;Fk; rhjpf;fl;likg;G vd;gJ aho;g;ghz r%fj;jpy;
nghJ thfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. xU FLk;gj;jpy; je;ij Kf;fpak; ngWfpdw ; xd;whff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. nra;Ak;
,we;J ePz;l fhyk; Mfpa gpd;Gjhd; jhapDila njhopiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl rhjpf;fl;likg;G
,aw;ngaiu Fwpgg; plL ; miof;Fk; kuigf; fhzyhk;. aho;g;ghz r%fj;jpy; kughf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. jw;
mJTk; $l mhpjhd kughfNt aho;gg; hz rKjhaj;jpy; fhyj;jpy; fy;tp kw;Wk; Vida rpy Gwf;fhuzpfshy;
fhzyhk;. ,e;epiyapy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sd. Muk;g fhyq;fspy;
fPoe
; piyapYs;sth;fs; Nky; epiyapy; cs;sth;fis
nghd;dk;kh mit [ponnamma: avε]
miof; F k; N ghJ ehr; r pahh; [na:ččiyε:r], eapdhh;
[- εr ], [-ε::r ] vd;w xl;Lf;fs; Mz;ghy; tbtq;fSl [nayinε:r], Iah [εyya:], gps; i s [piļļay], Nghd; w
NdNa gapd;W tUtijf; fhzyhk;. aho;g;ghz nrhw;gpuNahfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;. rkfhyj;jpy;
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Iah> gps;is Nghd;w khpahij tbtq;fisg; gad; khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs;> njhopypid mbg;gilahff;
gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. nfhz;l tbtq;fs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; Nehf;fyhk;.
rpy khpahij mw;w tbtq;fspid xl;Lf;fspid
taij mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L k; khpahij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L milahsk; fhz Kbfpdw; J.
tbtq;fisg; Ngr;R tof;fpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
cwTg;ngah;fs; [Kinship terms] ,q;F Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf; %tplg; n gau; f spy; Kd; d piy> xUik ,lg;
fpdw; J. tajpy; Kjpath;fis Iah> mk;kh> mg;G> Mr;rp> ngauhd (Second Person Singular Pronoun) eP [ni:]
mz;iz vd cwTg;ngau;fspd; %yk; khpahijahf vd; g Jk; glh; f ; i f ,lg; n gah; f spy; (Third Person
miof;fpd;w kuG mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fJ. ,jidtpl Pronouns) mtd; [avan], mts; [avaļ] ctd; [uvan],
rpd; d th; > nghpath; vd; w tbtq; f Sk; taij mtq;fs; [avaŋgaļ], mtsit [avaļavε], ,tsit
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l khpahij tbtq;fshf rpy [ivaļavε], ,tq;fs; [ivaŋgaļ], ctd; [uvan], ctq;fs;
#o;epiyapy; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. [uvaŋgaļ], ctsit [uvaļavε] Nghd; w tw; i wf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
rhjhuz nkhop tof; f py; ,aw; n gah; f Sf; F
Kd; G jpU> jpUkjp> nry; t d; > nry; t p> Kidth; > rKjhaj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l khpahij
Iah> jpUthsh;> NkjF> jpUthl;b> rPkhl;b Nghd;w mw;w tbtq;fspy; jdpeghpd; Njhw;wj;jpid mbg;g
khpahij tof;Ffisg; gad;gLj;Jtijf; fhzyhk;. ilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fSk; nkhop tof;fpy; ,lk;
‘NkjF’ vd; w khpahij tof; F murpay; Gyj; j py; ngWfpd;wd. xUtUila Njhw;wk;> epwk;> cauk;>
gad;gLj;Jfpd;w tbtkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. gz;G cly;Njhw;wj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
Nehf;Fk;NghJ fWg;gd; [kaRuppεn], fWg;gp [kaRuppi],
xl;Lf;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l khpahij
fl;ilad; [kaTTayεn], fl;ilr;rp [kaTTačči], xy;yp
tbtq;fs; nghJthf ghy; fhl;Lk; tpFjpfisg; gad;
[olli], Fz;ld; [kuṇḍεn], Fz;lk;kh [kuṇḍamma:], $dp
gLj;Jk;NghJ kjpgg; pd; msitf; fhzyhk;. MZf;F
[ku:ni], $dd;[ku:nεn], NehQ;rhd;; [no:ñǰa:n], mshg;gp
kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;f tpUk;gpdhy; Mh; [-ε:r], vd;Dk;
[aļa:ppi], Nrhk;Ngwp [so:mbә:Ri], Nkhld; [mo:Tεn],
tpFjpiar; Nrh;j;Jk; ngz;Zf;F kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;f
Nkhb [mo:Ti], KwL [muRaTɨ], Kwld; [muRaTεn],
tpUk;gpdhy; -Ms; [-a:ļ], vd;Dk; tpFjpapYs;s sfu
jpkpyp [ṯimili] Nghd;w khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs;
xw;iw ePf;fp tUfpwh [vεtuxiRa:] ,Uf;fpwh [itukkiRa:]
nkhop tof;fpy; gad;gLj;Jtijf; fhzyhk;.
vd Ngr;rpy; toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.[2]
aho;g;ghzg; Ngr;R tof;fpy; rhjpia mbg;gil
3. aho;gg ; hzg; gpuNjr nkhop tof;fpy; khpahij
ahff; nfhz;l khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs; nghJthf
mw;w tbtq;fs;
rhjpia FwpfF ; k; ngah;fshNyNa toq;fp tUtijf;
aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjr nkhop tof;fpy; khpahij fhzyhk;. Gilit Rj;jk; nra;gtu;fs; ‘tz;zhd;’
mw;;w tbtq;fs; [vaṇṇa:n] vd rhjpgn ; gauhy; miof;Fk; kuG. mj;Jld;
fiuahd; [katεya:n], fiuahbr;rp [katεya:Tičči] Nghd;w
a %tplg;ngah;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rhjpg;ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L khpahij mw;w tbtq;
tbtq;fs; fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
b rKjhaj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs;
,lg;ngah;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lk; khp
c xl;Lf;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs;
ahijaw;w tbtq;fis aho;g;ghz nkhop tof;
%tplg; n gah; f spy; Kd; d piy> glh; f ; i f ,lg; fpy; gad; g Lj; J tij mtjhdpf; f yhk; . jP t fg;
ngah;fspy; khpahij mw;w tbtq;fspid mtjh gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fis ‘jPthh;’ [ṯi:vε:r] vdg;
dpf;fyhk;. rKjhaj;jpd; nkhopg;gad;ghl;bid mbg; nghJthf miof;Fk; tof;iff; fhzyhk;. ‘jPthd;’
gilahff; nfhz;L khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs; jdp [ṯi:va:n], ‘jPthd;’ [ṯi:va:ļ] vd;gd khpahij mw;w
eghpd; Njhw;wk;> rhjp> ,lg;ngah;fspid mbg;gilahff; tbtq;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J
nfhz; l tbtq; f s; > cwTg; n gahpy; fhzg; g Lk; te;jth;fis tlf;fj;ijahd; [vaTakkaṯṯaya:n] Nghd;w
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fs;> ,aw;ngahpy; fhzg;gLk; gjq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp miof;fpd;wdh;.

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aho;g;ghz nkhoptof;fpy; cwTg;ngah;fs; kpf 4. KbTiu

Kf;fpakhd ,lj;ijg; ngWfpdw ; d. cwTg;ngau;fspy;
aho;gg; hzg; gpuNjrj;jpy; khpahij tbtq;fSk;>
khpahij mw;w tof;Ffis fpuhkpa nkhop tof;fpYk;>
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fSk; mg;gpuNjrg; gz;ghl;Lf;
fy; t p mwpT Fiwe; j kf; f spilNaAk; mjpfk;
$Wfis nkhopf;$lhf ntspg;gLj;JtNjhL r%f
fhzyhk;. nfhg;gh; [koppεr] nfhz;iz [koṇṇε],
me;j];J (Social status), taJ (Age), njhopy; (Occupation),
nfhk;kh [komma:] nfhg;ghr;rp [koppa:čči]. Mj;ij
vz; (Number), ghy; (Gender) vd;gtw;wpw;Nfw;g ,t;
[a:ṯṯε], Nfhj;ij [ko:ṯṯε] Nghd;wd xU rpythFk;[3]
tbtq;fspd; gad;ghl;by; NtWgl;l epiyia mwpa
vdpDk; jw;fhyj;jpy; ,t; tof;Ffs; Mq;fpy nkhopapd;
Kbfpd; w Jld; FLk; g cWg; g pdhpilNa njhlu;
nry;thf;fpdhy; fpuhkpa nkhop tof;fpy; $l mUfp
ghlypd; N ghJ re; j u; g ; g j; j pw; N fw; g rpy khpahij
te;Jtpl;lJ vdyhk;.
mw;w tbtq;fs;> khpahij tbtq;fshff; nfhs;sg;
,aw;ngah;fspidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; md; [-εn], gLfpd;w epiyiaAk; fhzyhk;. ,t;tbtq;fs;
Md; [-a:n] xl;Lr; Nrh;e;J toq;fp tUk; tbtq;fs; fpis nkhopf; F f; fpisnkhop NtWgl; l mk; r q;
Fwpgg; hf Mz;ghiyr; Rl;Lk; tbtq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; fisAk; nfhz; L tpsq; F fpd; w d. jw; f hyj; j py;
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. etPd Nkiyj;Nja fyhrhuj;jpd; jhf;fj;jhy; rpy
khw;wq;fs; mile;j epiyiaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
rz;Kfj;jhd; [saṇmuxaṯṯa:n]
vdpDk; aho;g;ghzg; gpuNjrj;jpy; khpahijAs;s
fdfrigad; [kanaxasabεyεn]
tbtq; f Sk; > khpahij mw; w tbtq; f Sk; kuG
njhopypid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tbtq;fs; hPjpahd tiuaiwfis vd;Wk; nfhz;like;Js;sd
njhopw; ngah;fspidf; Fwpg;gpl;L khpahij mw;w vd;gJk; Rl;bf; fhl;lj;jf;f tplakhFk;.
tof;fhf miof;fpd;wdh;.
crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;
thj;jp [va:ṯṯi]
[1] fUzhfud;> f.>” rKjha nkhopapay;”> NfhaKj;
Ntiyf;fhhp [ve:laykka:ti]
J}h;> ,e;jpah, P.5, 1975.
xl;Lf;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nehf;F [2] Studies in Sri Lankan Tamil Linguistics and
fpdw; NghJ Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghiyf; FwpfF ; k; xl;Lf;fs; Culture, (Eds) Balasubra maniam.K.Ratnamalar.K.
khpahij mw;w tbtq;fisg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpdw ; d. -md; Subathini.R .Professor Swaminathan Suseendirarajah,
Sixty fifth Birthday Commemoration Committee,
[-εn], -ms; [-aļ], -mlh [-aTa:], -mb [-aTi], Nghd;wd
University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 1999.
mjpfstpy; aho;g;ghz nkhop tof;fpy; gad;gLj;Jk;
tbtq; f shff; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. ,tw; w pid [3] rptuhzp. rp. aho;g;ghzj; jkpopy; cwTg; ngau;
tpl nghJthd Ngr;Rr; #oypy; rhjhuz kf;fshy; fs;> aho;gg; hzg; gy;fiyf; fofk;> aho;gg; hzk;>
khpahijaw;w tbt q;fs; gpwh; kPJ Nfhgg;gLfpd;w 1997.
re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jtijf; fhzyhk;.

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