CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 1

Multiple Choice Questions (35 points)

Answer all of the following questions. READ EACH QUESTION
CAREFULLY. Fill the correct bubble on your scantron sheet.
Each correct answer is worth 1 point. Each question has
EXACTLY one correct answer.

(1-2) Suppose the following code fragment has been executed:

double x = 2.9;
double y,z;

y = (int)x + 0.1;
printf(“%.1f”,y); /* A */

z = (int)(x+0.1);
printf(“%.1f”,z); /* B */

(1) What is printed by the printf statement on line A?

(A) 2
(B) 2.1
(C) 2.9
(D) 3.0
(E) None of the above

(2) What is printed by the printf statement on line B?

(A) 2
(B) 2.1
(C) 2.9
(D) 3
(E) 3.0

(3) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

(A)C is an object oriented programming language

(B)struct is a legal name for a variable in a C program
(C)The variable declaration “car ford;”is illegal in any C program
(D)A function may return more than one value
(E)A variable name may begin with the symbol #
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 2

(4) Using De Morgan’s law, how would you rewrite the following
conditional statement (that is rewrite the statement using && instead of ||)
!(x >= -2 || c == ‘e’)

(A) x >= 2 && c == ‘f’

(B) x < -2 && c == ‘d’
(C) x > -2 && c != ‘e’
(D) x < -2 && c < ‘e’
(E) x < -2 && c != ‘e’

(5) Functions are useful in a program because

(A) they increase the execution speed of a program

(B) they make the program organization clearer
(C) a program cannot compile if it does not contain a least one function
(D) the compiler automatically switches to the more powerful function mode when
compiling a program with functions
(E) the more functions in a program the less bugs

(6 - 7) Consider the following code fragment:

int i = 5;
char number;

scanf(“%c”,&number); /* line A */

switch(number)
{
default:
i = 2 * i;
case ‘1’:
case ‘2’:
i = 3 * i;
case ‘3’:
case ‘4’:
i = 4 * i;
break;
}
printf(“%i”,i); /* line B */
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 3

(6) Assume that the user enters Z through the scanf on line A. What
output is displayed by the printf statement on line B?

(A) 10
(B) 15
(C) 20
(D) 120
(E) The program generates a run time error

(7) The above piece of code is executed once again. Assume now that the
user enters 2 through the scanf on line A. What output is displayed by
the printf statement on line B?

(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 15
(D) 60
(E) 120

(8) Consider the following code fragment:

int i=1;
int j=3;
int k=4;

printf(“%i”,i-j*5/k%2); /* A */

(8) What is the output displayed by the statement on line A once the code is
executed? (recall that %has the same precedence as * and /)

(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) -1
(D) 3
(E) A run time error is generated because of a division by zero
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 4

(9-10) Consider the following code fragment (do not trust the indentations
used by the programmer)
int pH;

scanf(“%i”,&pH); /* line A */

if (pH<7)
printf(“Acidic\n”);
if (pH<2)
printf(“Very Acidic\n”);
else
printf(“Alkaline\n”);
if (pH>12)
printf(“Very Alkaline\n”);
else if (pH%7==0)
printf(“Neutral\n”);

(9) Assume that the user inputs the integer 14 on line A. What is the
output displayed once the code is executed?

(A) Neutral
(B) Acidic
Neutral
(C) Alkaline
Very Alkaline
(D) Very Alkaline
(E) Alkaline
Very Alkaline
Neutral

(10) The above code is executed once again. Assume that the user inputs
the integer 0 on line A. What is the output once the code is executed?

(A) Neutral
(B) Acidic
Very Acidic
Neutral
(C) Acidic
Very Acidic
(D) Acidic
Neutral
(E) Very Acidic
Neutral
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 5

(11) Consider the following code fragment (read carefully):

scanf(“%i”,&i); /* line A */
if ( (i==1) && (i=2) )
i=i+1;
printf(“i=%i”,i); /* line B */

(11) Assume that the user enters 1 through the scanf on line A. What is
printed by the printf statement on line B?

(A) i=1
(B) i=2
(C) i=3
(D) i=i
(E) This program cannot execute. A compilation error is generated.

(12.14)Consider the following expression

a*b.c/e+d->c

(12) Add parentheses to the above expression to make clear the order in
which C will perform the operations:
(A) (((a*b).c)/e)+(d->c))
(B) (((a*b).c)/e)+d)->c)
(C) (((a*(b.c))/e)+(d->c))
(D) (((a*b).(c/e))+(d->c))
(E) Such an expression is illegal in a C program

(13) In the expression a*b.c/e+d->c, what is a possible type for the

variable b?
(A) double
(B) int
(C) Such an expression is illegal in a C program
(D) struct somestruct
(E) struct somestruct*
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 6

(14) In the expression a*b.c/e+d->c, what is a possible type for the

variable d?
(A) double
(B) int
(C) Such an expression is illegal in a C program
(D) struct somestruct
(E) struct somestruct*

(15-17) Consider the following program (Be careful):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char first[] = “The old man”;
char second[] = “and”;
char third[] = “the sea”;
char all[100];
int i,j;

for(i=0;*(first+i)!= ‘\0’;i++)
all[i] = first[i];

printf(“%c\n”,*all); /* line A */

all[i] = ‘ ’;

for(j=1; second[j]!= ‘\0’; j++){

all[i] = second[j];
i++;
}

all[i] = ‘\0’;
printf(“%s\n”,all); /* line B */

do
{ all[i] = third[j];
i++;
j++;
}while(third[j]!= ‘\0’);

printf(“%s”,all); /* line C */
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 7

(15) What is printed by the printf statement on line A?

(A) The oldman

(B) T
(C) The old man
(D) Whichever memory address is stored in all
(E) None of the above

(16) What is printed by the printf statement on line B?

(A) The old man and
(B) T
(C) he old man and
(D) The old mannd
(E) None of the above

(17) What is printed by the printf statement on line C?

(A) The old man nd
(B) The old man and
(C) The old man and the sea
(D) The old mannd sea
(E) None of the above
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 8

(18) Consider the following code fragment:

int i,j;

for ( i = 1 ; i <= 5 ; i++)

{
for ( j = i ; j > 0 ; j--)
printf(“ ”);
printf(“*”);
printf(“\n”);
}

(18) When executed this code fragment displays

(A) a line of * with the shape of

(B) a line of * with the shape of

(C) line of * with the shape of

(D) a line of * with the shape of

(E) a triangle of * with the shape of

(19) Which statement is a CORRECT C statement? (correct means that no

error or warning is generated at the compilation)

(A) char name[3] = “Kathryn”;

(B) 2x = 2.0;
(C) double y[6] = {1.0,2.0};
(D) char *x = ‘a’;
(E) &x = 10;

(20) Among the following, which one is NOT a valid C identifier?

(A) concrete
(B) brick
(C) stone
(D) struct
(E) truss
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 9

(21-23) Consider the following program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *file1, *file2;
char letter;

file1 = fopen(“chapter”, “r”);

file2 = fopen(“book”, “w”);
while(fscanf(file1, “%c”,&letter)!=EOF)
fprintf(book, “%c”,letter);
fclose(file1);
fclose(file2);

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

(21) In the above program, chapter is

(A) a variable of type double

(B) a variable of type FILE
(C) the name of a file known to the computer outside the C program
(D) part of a message printed on the computer screen when the program is executed
(E) a member of the FILE struct book

(22) In the above program, EOF is?

(A) a variable of type FILE

(B) the value assigned to the variable letter by fscanf when reaching the end of
the file read.
(C) a counter to keep track of the number of characters read
(D) A constant defined in the header file stdio.h which is used by some
input/output functions (e.g. fscanf)
(E) The name of a function that detects viruses when reading files

(23) What is the result of the execution of the above program?

(A) Assuming that the text file chapter exists, it is copied into the file book
(B) Assuming that the text file book exists, it is copied into the file chapter
(C) The program cannot execute since there is an error at the compilation
(D) The variable pointed to by file1 is copied into the memory location of address file2
(E) The variable pointed to by file2 is copied into the memory location of address file1
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 10

(24) Which of the following is FALSE regarding a recursive function?

(A) A recursive function can always be rewritten with a loop

(B) A recursive function always executes faster than its loop equivalent
(C) A recursive function is a function that calls itself
(D) Recursion can sometimes yield a natural and simple solution to a problem that
would otherwise be very difficult to solve
(E) When executing a recursive function, the computer transfers data to and from a
memory area called the system stack.

(25) Consider the following truth table for the logical operation NAND
P Q P NAND Q
T T F
T F T
F T T
F F T

(25) Which of the following C conditional expressions would NOT

reproduce the above truth table?
(A) !(P&&Q)
(B) !P || !Q
(C) !(P&&Q) || !P || !Q
(D) !(P&&Q) && (!P || !Q)
(E) (P&&Q) && (!P || !Q)
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 11

(26) Given the following definitions and declarations:

typedef struct{char name[20];

double latitude;
double longitude;
}
mountain;

typedef struct{mountain chain[10];} range;

range *cascades;

What are the types of the following expressions?

1) &(cascades->chain[1])
2) cascades->chain[1].name[0]

(A) 1) mountain *
2) char *

(B) 1) mountain
2) char *

(C) 1) mountain
2) char

(D) 1) mountain *
2) char

(E) 1) mountain **
2) char
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 12

(27) Consider a language with the two operators  and ♠.  is left

associative and binary. ♠ is right associative and unary. ♠ has precedence
over .
Add parentheses to the following expression to show how it would be
evaluated.

♠ x  ♠ ♠ y  x

(A) (♠ (x  (♠ (♠ y))))  x
(B) ♠ (x  ((♠ (♠ y))  x))
(C) (♠ x)  (♠ ((♠ y)  x))
(D) (♠ x)  (♠ (♠ (y  x)))
(E) ((♠ x)  (♠ (♠ y)))  x

(28) If you see the following in a legal C program:

a = b->c[d(e)];

one thing that you can say for sure is:

(A) b is a pointer to a double

(B) e is an integer
(C) c is a function that returns a struct
(D) d is a function that returns an integer
(E) a and b have the same type

(29) Given the function body:

{
int i;
char c;
for (i=0; i<max || fscanf(quark, “%c”,&c)!=EOF; i++)
fprintf(particle, “%c”,c);
}
What would be the correct header for this function body?

(A) FILE *func(int quark, int particle, double max)

(B) void func(FILE *quark, FILE *particle, int max)
(C) FILE func(FILE *quark, FILE *particle, int max)
(D) void func(FILE quark, FILE particle, int max)
(E) void func(struct quark, struct particle, int max)
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 13

(30) Consider the following program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int func(int i);

int main(void)
{
int x[4];
int i;

for (i=0; i<4; i++)

{
x[i] = func(i);
printf(“%i ”,x[i]);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

int func(int i)
{
if (i>0)
return i + func(i-1);
else
return 0;
}

(30) What is the output once the above program is executed?

(A) 0 1 3 6
(B) 0 1 2 3
(C) 0 0 0 0
(D) 1 1 1 1
(E) 3 3 3 3

(31) In the context of computer science, a library is

(A) another name for a function prototype

(B) a memory area where functions variables are stored while the program executes
(C) a set of compiled functions that can be called by the programmer without having
to write them all over again.
(D) a list of C books that can be used as reference
(E) another name for hard drive of a computer
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 14

(32) Consider the following code fragment:

void onoff(int *pixel)
{
/* change *pixel to 1 if *pixel is 0 */
/* change *pixel to 0 if *pixel is 1 */
/* missing code */
}

(32) What should be written instead of the /* missing code */ line

for the function to behave as expected?

(A)return 1;
(B)return 0;
(C)if (*pixel==1) return 0; else return 1;
(D)*pixel = (*pixel+1)/2;
(E)*pixel = (*pixel+1)%2;

(33) What is wrong with the following recursive function?

int nope(int i) /* line A */

{
if (i<=0)
return 1; /* line B */
else if (i%2 == 0) /* line C */
return i;
else
nope(i-3); /* line D */
}

(A)When executed it may get stuck in an infinite loop

(B)Not all paths of the function algorithm return a value
(C)A recursive function must have a void type
(D)The condition i%2==0 is always true
(E)The function name nope might be confused with a logical operator by the compiler

(34) How would you fix the function code of question 33?

(A)replace line A by void nope(int i)

(B)replace line A by int nono(int i)
(C)replace line B by return EXIT_SUCCESS;
(D)replace line C by else if (i==0)
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 15

(E)replace line D by return nope(i-3);

(35) C is called C because

(A) it is not a very good language and as such deserves a C grade

(B) it started as the B language (B for Bell laboratories) and later evolved into the C
language (big hint: This could be the right answer)
(C) the programmer who wrote it was fond of whistling the C note
(D) all the other letters of the alphabet were already used for names of computer
languages
(E) in its early developments, the programs written in C often crashed. The language
was nicknamed C as a short for Crash.
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 16

Programming Questions (10 points)

(1) [5 points]
Using a recursive algorithm, write a function count_s that counts the
number of occurrences of the character ‘s’ in a string

The prototype of the function is

int count_s(char str[], int len);

where str is the string and len is the length of the string (not counting ‘\0’)

Thus count_s(“I miss Mississipi”,17) is 6

int count_s(char str[],int len)

{
/* complete the following code */
/* your algorithm must be recursive */

if (len==1)
{
if (*str == ‘s’)
/* to be completed */
return 1;
else
/* to be completed */
return 0;

}
else
{
if (*str == ‘s’)
/* to be completed */
return 1 + count_s(str+1,len-1);
else
/* to be completed */
return count_s(str+1,len-1);

}
}
 CSC142 – Final – Fall 98 17

(2) [5 points]
The elements of an array a of integers are ordered in increasing order. The
array a has a dimension given by the integer size.
Write a function that takes as parameters a, size, and an integer val. The
function returns an integer which is the position of the element of a less or
equal to val and closest to val. If there is no such element, the function
returns –1.

The prototype for the function is

int where(int a[],int size, int val);

If a is {1,3,5,7,10} and val is 6, the function returns 2 which is the

position of the element equal to 5.
And if a is {1,3,5,7,10} and val is 0, the function returns –1.

int where(int a[],int size, int val)

{
/* your code goes here */
/* do not forget any declaration */
/* write legibly */
int index,i;
index = size –1;

for(i=size-1;i>=0;i--)
if (a[i]>val) index = i-1;
return index;