5.13 Unsymmetrical Faults on an Unloaded Generator Single line-to-ground Fault Lethe generator shown n Figure 817 be unloaded and aline-*o-ground faut occurs on phase a (phase agrounded). Publesiane224 | Hecwical Engineering © Power Systems MADE EASY pescsione “The synmevial component o -limportantosut) Now.he sequence votages willbe gen by wn Zp +Ey—IZs~laZe * Ex~la(20*21+22) aut = Generator -dlmportant eau) 0, (ax) (Hore, E,= Generator em) ( “The conection of sequence netwerk fr aL faut onthe terminal (a of generator willbe as shown in Figue5.18.Here, Zp =Zy- ESSE Thus, Whe ln= Ze a a ear gues s8iSeuencenewerierinet-goundtadt 2, Une-tosine Fault Figure 5.19 shows thei het gm anita gan nth 1 fautonits phase band c. Piplesions 3. Double ine-to-ground Fault MADE EASY Pubhesvons FaultAnoysis | 225 Here, ¥, ‘The symmetrical components ‘The symmetrical components hy ‘Since, fq, =0 therefore, Vqy =0 Hence, the equation of sequence vtages wile Yq =0 Vo = EamlazZs or 1-(z8q) --llmportant result) Thosequerco networks shown in tigue bolo ao Te Figure 6.20 shows the circuit diagram for an unloaded generator wit @ ground fauton phase band c 4226 | WectalEnoinering_¢ Power systems MADE EASY ae Here, V,= V,= and ,=0 ‘The symmetrical components ofvotlage are given by ~-(lmportant result) «(important su) fa {Important result) Teen Hence, he equation cf sequence votages willbe genby (ving Fire 8.21) ¥% Vo = -tagZs OF ty 7 Ya = Ex-InZs % way % Iq = I n= azz) (Fe= Phasovotage) Now, Ia th = Postive and negative sequence networks are conecedin seres oppo, ae Iytly «Important result) a v(ee3) = hu=8h, ~8n, (£8) (E,= phase value ofvotage) ; 3. Fora doubotne-o-ground faut (LLG fet fal etiaes a iyetecnzi(Led] 3 Alemuorce ees am cmos ‘Solving above equations. we Set = lg ug) Fg tag ag) =O In 7 (important result) | Ye = hug = Sly | Be. 82 Ba ‘Comparison of three-phase Fault and aLine-to-ground Fault ‘Tre connecton dagrahforLLG autisshowninFigureS.21. 2, Case-t Solily rounded generator ‘4. phate Fulton an Unloaded Generator ‘Consider asynchronous generatrin gure shown below whose neutrals sold grouncngie. Z,=0 ‘Since a 3-phase fauit is a symmetrical faut therefore, only 7 Wrena-efaultoccursthen, ta4=52 (Ea gonerator postive soquonce curentwilexst. The soquoncenatworkforathege. _ PawreS21:Sequencenenont triste ise (Ey= generator votage) mo) ‘has faults shown in Figure 522. When ane ground autour then,SS eee ee Lt Mave east] mabe enss fotos | 29 let From equation (1) and (2), He ro ae Ig = Lnsattg rae) i tral tse tote nr aceem occa see sa fr ca epee nse secneA Case: Generate hoe eu wth impedance 250 Now, ly =A, and Ie = ly Sees 7 Pa eased Pea (ree, 2.*2) 242,+25+8x( 40-20) (important result) ‘connected across an unbalanced three-phase supply, With curentsn ne, ‘Aand B specie, find te symmetrical components of line curents. Also {ind the symmetrical components of delta currents, [10290°+15.£120°-607)+ 18.(240" +1547] = 142427 ee Now. convene deta oe oa ‘The dota curents can be found ae folows Similary, Putting the values of Hence, the symmetical components of deta cures willbe a, = H8286° + 10.52~ 41429120" +8 32(179"+ 240%) = Scr888 Ih, = Yocoorst0sc-a15++ 200 saacrro+ 100) = 2e7azz1847"8 Ing =08 and ‘The zero sequence impedance of @ $4 transformor ls shown below. The Connection offs winding are etrnon bs 40 —a—0. 2 (6) dotta-detta (©) dolte-star wth neutral grounded (0) stardotta (@) star-star with both neutral groundedIADE E a 230 | Elst Ensnesing «Power Systems MADE EASY ee Faulténalys | 234 ‘The zoro sequence reactances (in pu) are indicated Inthe network shown Solution: d) In the figure. The zero sequence driving point reactance of node 3 willbe ifweuse switch clagram, ten we.can soe that both the series switches are closed while both the shunt erase eee ese surat Sovcctonen bon pray wal arora Sinew connor geved vo Hpiatoy Fart ayatan dow aan Ge Bow Wa TSN (908 (cra ie mc) teat en Rene sant evant clot? 4 set eo | o+4e— {Sratutoccirsstnode ste, te ze squerce sar wb a hom bbw ug ven Sayontrvencmay a ® ei a jo\ “aan ns -rond taut onthe gnuaon se fo tarfome oy f eta one error san to rerforer ' 0 atte nein eston te gerade fe tana. 7 . 1G A Sanaa nar nthe grater oso re var 1 for eee Fa e n generator sic sed since ony postive and negative sequence cuent flows due tothe dota winding cos are respectively. (b) P.2and p.25 pu (2) B08 and P.05 pu ‘4 20 MWA, 99 WV. S-phase alenator is subjeced to diferent pes oT short-crcuits and the following are the values of faut current. ‘S-phase short circuit = 319 A | Single line-o-ground fault = €59 A Line-tosine faut = 435 A Determine the positive, negative end zero sequence reactance of the generator in per unit and. in ohms. Neglect resistive part. Solution: Fora3-phase fault, we have For3-phase fait, wohave ye ate =jo2pu (E,=rated vale =1 ps) z P2pu For LL taut, we have Iu Flay = 00" Jy =-lay = fe : ‘ins ZF (E=phasovotage) ~ tus (gitg) oo geg, FP Bs 20 fn 8X08 so r9g 7 Z = (P25-P.2)pu= 105 pu 1" Tag 318 "0, 2 = P2puend 2, P05 pu232 | Electrical Engineering © Power Systems For alineto-ground faut, wehave % rBrhe « he Fora inetosine (LL) faut, we have of 242496730 (2, + Z,) =86.73-59.72-Z, - 8 sf haus Jordy (Ear Phasovoage of goer) Heres, ronreninoatone, 2 HOES cus ths, 2, = 50720, 2,916.14 Mand = 10860 vneninponet, = BZ e867 pu 1614 1086 24> Bik -oaetpy and Be Ggp O10 mH the figure. "A 2:bus eystem and corresponding zero sequence network are shown in ova e Xo. Xone “The transformers T, and T, ere connected ara w@ AAend Aa Pama tr wo Frm ra ApAmsAAL (where, = Bus curentinjetion vector) |ome Ion isn pave Teno ‘Now since only buss injected with current therefore,