MOSQUES ‘Tho five basle categories of mosaue design occur in seven distinctive regional siyes. Inthe Arabian heartland, Spain and "North Africa there iss hypostyle hall and an open courtyar. In sub-Saharan West Alriea the hypostyle halls of mu-brick or rammed-earth construction. Wan and Central Asia have a bi {axial four iwan styl. On the Inian subcontinent there ar triple ‘domes and an extensive courtyard, In Anatolia there is always 1 massive central dome. The Chinese style has detoched Pavilions within a walled garden enclosure, and South-East People at prayer Asia has a central pyramidal roof eonstruction, “Tho mosque imasid or jamin! i a ouse of prayer, a cultural centre a place for social gatherings, @ courthouse, @ school and ecce A cso ‘a university. (In Islam, the Quran is the central source of all rules OF ee 1 Al toring ad toting: and rte pronounce iy ve eee ae religion ee) : St Ih stm counties the masque inte baa ou an thus inthe centre of publi lie, In countries where the amenities ofthe bazaar thairdresors, shops saling pormitted foods, estes ‘tc do not exit they should be included inthe planning ofthe mosque. ‘Smalor mosques (masid} rarely have a minaret \minare), whereas larger mosques (jamin) always do. There are nether bells nor organs in Islam. The muezxin' call to prayer ean be heard five times a day resounding from the minaret, which has stairs ora lift leading to the upper ambulatory, which is usually covered. Nowadays thecal to prayer i virtually always relayed by loudspeakers. although this is not permitted in some The size of the prayer hall is based on 0.85m? praying space er person. iis usually rectangular ot square, often with 2 entral dome, and faces Mecca, the dtection in which people pray tibia). The prayer niche tmitvab) is set in the front wal {kibla) and noxt to itis the minbar (pulpit), uhich must always have an odd number of stars, This is used by the prayer leader ff the mosque (the Imam} in the Friday prayers. Men ond women are segregsted, sometimes purely symbolically, sometimes withthe women ina gallery. ‘Tho entrancoarsa hes shelves forthe school, and rooms for rityal ablations and showers which must always have flowing ‘water supply. Tho WCe are usually squatting closets at right angles tothe direction of Mecca, All these facies often have ‘separate entrances for men and wamen, including the stairs tO | momentacs i eee ? nh qn. complete the accommodation, © a 3