Hydraulics (Laboratory)

Laboratory Exercise No.6

Analysis of
Hydraulic Jump
CE123L – A06
 Hydraulics (Laboratory)
Laboratory Exercise No.6

I.
INTRODUCTION

In this experiment, A hydraulic jump is created when liquid at a high

velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, creating a rather abrupt rise in
the liquid surface (a standing wave) accompanied by eddying, air entrainment,
violent turbulence and surface undulations. In a hydraulic jump, the velocity
changes from the first velocity to second velocity and hence there is a change in
momentum through the jump. The force producing this change in momentum
is due to the difference in hydrostatic pressure resulting from the change of
depth. A flow is supercritical when fluid velocity divided by the square root of
gravitational constant multiplied to fluid depth is greater than 1. A flow is
subcritical when Velocity divided by the square root of gravitational constant
multiplied to fluid depth is less than 1. Subcritical flow is when disturbances
travel downstream and upstream water levels are unaffected by the
downstream control.

The objectives are to investigate the phenomenon of a hydraulic jump

and to quantify the discharge rate based on the head of jump. The materials
and equipment needed are Flow Channel Apparatus, Hydraulic Bench, Hook
Gage, Graduated Cylinder, Ruler, Vernier caliper and stopwatch. The procedure
are; first is setting up the flow channel horizontally. Then measure the
upstream channel cross-section width, turn on the hydraulic bench and adjust
the water flow until a hydraulic jump is formed. Make fine adjustments until a
stable stationary position of hydraulic jump is obtained. Measure the water
depth about (a) 20 cm upstream of the weir, (b) 10 cm downstream of the weir,
and (c) 20 cm downstream of the weir. Measure the flow rate using volumetric
method. And lastly, repeat it with different flow rate for the other trials.
 Hydraulics (Laboratory)
Laboratory Exercise No.6

Data and Analysis

FLOW VOLUME TIME Q DEPTH Q V E Fr Supercritical
(m^3) (s) (m^3/s) (m) (m^3/s) (m/s) or Subcritical

0.653 A) 0.275 0.093 0.69 Subcritical

1 43.59 1.31x10^- B.) 1.31x10^- 8.59 0.133 0.56 Subcritical
3 0.113 3
0.710 C.) 0.128 0.58 Subcritical
0.105
0.3292 A.) 0.1 0.140 0.9 Subcritical
2 30 1.97x10^- B.) 0.11 1.97x10^- 0.89 0.150 0.86 Subcritical
3 3
0.8882 C.) 0.1 0.140 0.9 Subcritical

Solution:

Trial1: 𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟔 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟎𝟗𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎^𝟐

0.710 𝑚3 −0.653𝑚^3 1.31𝑥10^−3
𝑄= = 1.31 x 10 ^-3 m^3/s 𝑉1 = = 0.59 m/s
43.59𝑠 2.2098𝑥10^−3
0.59^2 0.59^2
𝐸1 = 0.075 +
2(9.81)
= 0.69 < 1 𝐸2 = 0.115 +
2(9.81)
= 0.56 < 1
0.59^2
𝐸3 = 0.105 + = 0.58 < 1 Therefore, E1, E2 and E3 are SUBCRITICAL.
2(9.81)

Trial 2:
0.882 𝑚3 −0.8292𝑚^3 1.93𝑥10^−3
𝑄= = 1.97 x 10 ^-3 m^3/s 𝑉1 = = 0.89 m/s
30𝑠 2.2098𝑥10^−3
0.89^2 0.89^2
𝐸4 = 0.1 +
2(9.81)
= 0.90 < 1 𝐸2 = 0.11 +
2(9.81)
= 0.86 < 1
0.89^2
𝐸3 = 0.1 + = 0.90 < 1 Therefore, E1, E2 and E3 are SUBCRITICAL.
2(9.81)